Unit 9 : Text A Unit 9 : Text A 21st Century College English: Book 1 Hothouse Earth.

Unit 9 : Text AUnit 9 : Text A21st Century College English: Book 121st Century College English: Book 1

Hothouse Earth

http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/sseop/clickmap/

Unit 9: Text AUnit 9: Text A

• Lead-in Activities

• Text Organization

• Reading & Writing Skills

• Language PointsLanguage Points

• Guided PracticeGuided Practice

• AssignmentAssignment

Lead-in ActivitiesLead-in Activities

Questions for DiscussionQuestions for Discussion

1.1. Is the Earth getting warmer? How does the Is the Earth getting warmer? How does the “greenhouse effect” come into being?“greenhouse effect” come into being?

2.2. How does “greenhouse effect” influence our daily How does “greenhouse effect” influence our daily life?life?

3.3. Have you got any effective ways to solve this Have you got any effective ways to solve this problem?problem?

Text OrganizationText Organization

The Structure of Text AThe Structure of Text AThe Structure of Text AThe Structure of Text A

Phenomenon: Carbon dioxide levels are on the rise.Phenomenon: Carbon dioxide levels are on the rise. Phenomenon: Carbon dioxide levels are on the rise.Phenomenon: Carbon dioxide levels are on the rise.

Causes: An increasing amount of fossils are Causes: An increasing amount of fossils are burned.burned.

Causes: An increasing amount of fossils are Causes: An increasing amount of fossils are burned.burned.

Effects: Greenhouse effect. An increase of the Effects: Greenhouse effect. An increase of the earth’s temperature is sure to take placeearth’s temperature is sure to take place Effects: Greenhouse effect. An increase of the Effects: Greenhouse effect. An increase of the earth’s temperature is sure to take placeearth’s temperature is sure to take place

Para. 1-3Para. 1-3Para. 1-3Para. 1-3

Para. 4-7Para. 4-7Para. 4-7Para. 4-7

Para. 8-9Para. 8-9 Para. 8-9Para. 8-9

Solutions: The greenhouse problem should be tackled now. Solutions: The greenhouse problem should be tackled now.

Para. 10Para. 10 Para. 10Para. 10

1. This essay is primarily concerned with 1. This essay is primarily concerned with

informing the reader about a number of informing the reader about a number of

possible results that might come from the possible results that might come from the

greenhouse effectgreenhouse effect. This is an example of . This is an example of cause cause

and effectand effect writing, which makes clear the writing, which makes clear the

reasons why something happens by showing the reasons why something happens by showing the

connection between a cause (or causes) and its connection between a cause (or causes) and its

effect (or effects).effect (or effects).

Reading & Writing SkillsReading & Writing Skills

2.2. Because the evidence about the greenhouse effect is still Because the evidence about the greenhouse effect is still

somewhat inconclusive, the author has to express a degree somewhat inconclusive, the author has to express a degree

of uncertainty about the connections between their causes of uncertainty about the connections between their causes

and effects. He does this by using modal verbs such as and effects. He does this by using modal verbs such as

“could” and “would” and by using expressions such as “could” and “would” and by using expressions such as

“there is considerable debate” and “some scientists think.” “there is considerable debate” and “some scientists think.”

With a partner, go over the text and underline all the With a partner, go over the text and underline all the

modal verbs and other words or phrases which express a modal verbs and other words or phrases which express a

degree of uncertainty about future effects or about the degree of uncertainty about future effects or about the

connection between causes and effects. Explain what each connection between causes and effects. Explain what each

one means in its context.one means in its context.

Reading AnalysisReading Analysis

Hothouse EarthHothouse Earth

ByBy Kevin Mckean Kevin Mckean

11 Headlines Headlines warned of rising temperatures and melting pola rising temperatures and melting pola

r r ice caps..

Intensive StudyIntensive Study

22 Scientists issued reports on the severe climate changes Scientists issued reports on the severe climate changes

that could that could result from the “greenhouse effect” —— the gradual the gradual

warming of the atmosphere caused by an increase in carbon warming of the atmosphere caused by an increase in carbon

dioxide levels from the burning of fossil fuels, saying that dioxide levels from the burning of fossil fuels, saying that

average global temperatures could start to average global temperatures could start to rise within a few

decades and reach levels nine degrees Fahrenheit higher than

today’s temperatures by the end of the next century. This, experts

said, could create dangerous changes to global weather patterns.

For instance, it could change annual amounts of rainfall, swell or

dry up rivers, and raise the level of the seas.


33 While admitting that this forecast was somewhat While admitting that this forecast was somewhat

uncertain, uncertain, scientists warned against treating it as a cry of wolf.

Although there is considerable debate over how severe the

greenhouse effect will be, one thing seems certain: Carbon dioxide

levels are on the rise.


44 Who or what is to blame? Scientists conclude that it is the Who or what is to blame? Scientists conclude that it is the

burning of coal, oil, synthetic fuels, and natural gas. These burning of coal, oil, synthetic fuels, and natural gas. These

fossil energy sources release an estimated five and a half fossil energy sources release an estimated five and a half

billion tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year as billion tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year as

colorless, odorless COcolorless, odorless CO22 gas. gas. 　　


55 The increased carbon dioxide could profoundly affect the The increased carbon dioxide could profoundly affect the

way the earth is heated by the sun. The sun’s energy strikes way the earth is heated by the sun. The sun’s energy strikes

the earth mainly in the form of visible light. As the earth heats the earth mainly in the form of visible light. As the earth heats

up, it radiates this energy back into space, but at the much up, it radiates this energy back into space, but at the much

longer wavelengths of infrared light, or heat. Carbon dioxide longer wavelengths of infrared light, or heat. Carbon dioxide

lets the visible light pass through, but absorbs energy at lets the visible light pass through, but absorbs energy at

infrared wavelengths. Thus, infrared wavelengths. Thus, the more carbon dioxide there is in

the atmosphere, the more the earth’s heat is blocked from escaping

—— just as a blanket holds in the heat of a sleeper’s body. In the just as a blanket holds in the heat of a sleeper’s body. In the

late 1800s, a Swedish scientist gave this phenomenon its name late 1800s, a Swedish scientist gave this phenomenon its name

when he compared it to the way glass when he compared it to the way glass shuts in air heated by the

sun in a greenhouse.



6 6 Some scientists think the greenhouse effect already has Some scientists think the greenhouse effect already has

begun: Average global temperatures have risen about one begun: Average global temperatures have risen about one

degree Fahrenheit in the past ninety years (degree Fahrenheit in the past ninety years (

with a dip from the mid-1940s to 1970). Others argue that the rise

could be due to natural temperature ups and downs.

77 Nevertheless, most scientists agree that the accumulation Nevertheless, most scientists agree that the accumulation

of carbon dioxide has reached the point where an increase in of carbon dioxide has reached the point where an increase in

temperature is sure to take place. One study said average temperature is sure to take place. One study said average

global temperatures probably would rise nearly four degrees global temperatures probably would rise nearly four degrees

by the twenty-first century by the twenty-first century —— a total warming greater than a total warming greater than

that since the last that since the last ice age.


88 Rising temperatures would be just the beginning. The Rising temperatures would be just the beginning. The

heating would shift global rainfall patterns, bringing heating would shift global rainfall patterns, bringing

drought to some now-fertile areas and irrigating some drought to some now-fertile areas and irrigating some

deserts. Likewise, mountain glaciers and polar ice caps deserts. Likewise, mountain glaciers and polar ice caps

could melt substantially, causing the seas to rise two feet by could melt substantially, causing the seas to rise two feet by

the end of the century. Many low-lying communities could the end of the century. Many low-lying communities could

be flooded. Worst of all, the effect may be irreversible.be flooded. Worst of all, the effect may be irreversible.


99 Some have Some have maintained that the world faces such great dangers

from population growth, diminishing food supply, and the spread

of nuclear weapons that the greenhouse threat seems mild by

comparison. Others argue that since the earth has endured a long

string of ice ages in the last two million to three million years, any

warming is likely to be temporary. Even so, those who try to

minimize the problem must also explain away the harsh conditions

on the planet Venus. There, a runaway greenhouse effect is thought

to account for surface temperatures approaching 900 degrees

Fahrenheit; Venus’s cloud-shrouded atmosphere is about 97

percent carbon dioxide.


1010 Although few scientists think Although few scientists think

the earth will go the way of Venus, most agree that the

greenhouse problem should be tackled now. City planning should

be revised; dykes and reservoirs should be built;

an eye should be kept open on the thermometer for the first

definite sign that the greenhouse era has arrived.

Intensive StudyIntensive Study ]

warn of / againstwarn of / against

— — give a warning aboutgive a warning about

e.g.e.g.

• The message The message warned ofwarned of possible danger. possible danger.

• He He warnedwarned me me againstagainst going there at night. going there at night.

TranslateTranslate

计算机专家让用户们提防黑客的来访计算机专家让用户们提防黑客的来访。。KeyKey

The computer expert The computer expert warnedwarned the users the users againstagainst the the

visits from hackers.visits from hackers.

Key words, phrases & usagesKey words, phrases & usages

result fromresult from

— — be the result of, happen because of be the result of, happen because of

e.g.e.g.

• Her failing health Her failing health resulted fromresulted from years of overwork. years of overwork.

• To a certain extent, the shortage of qualified top To a certain extent, the shortage of qualified top scholars in China scholars in China results fromresults from the oversized staff in the oversized staff in colleges and universities.colleges and universities.

TranslateTranslate

因疏忽而引起的任何损坏应由借用者负责赔偿。因疏忽而引起的任何损坏应由借用者负责赔偿。

KeyKey

Any damage Any damage resulting fromresulting from negligence must be negligence must be

paid for by the borrower.paid for by the borrower.

Cf.Cf.

result inresult in—— to have as a result; causeto have as a result; cause

e.g.e.g.

• The fire resulted in thirty deaths.The fire resulted in thirty deaths.

• The talk has resulted in better understandingThe talk has resulted in better understanding between between the two countries.the two countries.

TranslateTranslate

两国之间的争论最终导致为一场血腥的战争。两国之间的争论最终导致为一场血腥的战争。

Key:Key:The quarrel between the two nations The quarrel between the two nations resulted inresulted in a a

bloody war.bloody war.


e.g.e.g.

• The horse The horse roserose onon its hind legs. its hind legs.

• The smoke from our fire The smoke from our fire roserose straight straight upup in the still in the still air.air.

rise rise vi.vi.

—— (rose, risen, rising) to go, come up or higher; (rose, risen, rising) to go, come up or higher; reach a higher level or position; to get up from a reach a higher level or position; to get up from a lying, sitting, or kneeling position.lying, sitting, or kneeling position.


More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn

e.g.e.g.

• The police The police raisedraised a sunken ship to the surface of the a sunken ship to the surface of the sea.sea.

• Tom’s mother has Tom’s mother has raised raised five children by herself. five children by herself.

raise raise v.v.

—— ((raised, raised, raising) to lift up;to cause to rise; raised, raised, raising) to lift up;to cause to rise; to bring up for discussion or attention; to breed to bring up for discussion or attention; to breed or bring up.or bring up.



e.g.e.g.

• Could you work on Saturday, should the need Could you work on Saturday, should the need arisearise??

• Many problems Many problems arosearose when computers were firstly when computers were firstly used in banking. used in banking.

arise arise vi.vi.

—— ((arose, arisen, arising) come into existence; come arose, arisen, arising) come into existence; come to notice; present itself.to notice; present itself.



arise, rise, raisearise, rise, raise

Drill:Drill:

1.1. Some unexpected difficulties have _____.Some unexpected difficulties have _____.

2.2. She eventually _____ to an important position in She eventually _____ to an important position in the firm.the firm.

3.3. She _____ the fallen child to its feet.She _____ the fallen child to its feet.

raisedraised

roserose

arisenarisen


e.g.e.g.

• There was a lack of clean water There was a lack of clean water —— the long the long drought had drought had dried updried up all the wells. all the wells.

• The river floods in early spring and then The river floods in early spring and then dries updries up in the summer.in the summer.

dry up dry up

— — make or become completely drymake or become completely dry

Line 26, Paragraph5Line 26, Paragraph5

heat upheat up

—— make or become hot graduallymake or become hot gradually

e.g.e.g.

• Some cold meat was all I could find in my kitchen. I Some cold meat was all I could find in my kitchen. I heatedheated it it upup and had it for supper. and had it for supper.

• The air over the lake The air over the lake heats upheats up in the daytime. in the daytime.

More phrases with “up”More phrases with “up”

beat upbeat up 毒打毒打 break upbreak up 结束，终止结束，终止 bring upbring up 养育养育 , ,, , 提出提出 brush upbrush up 温习温习 call upcall up 打电话打电话 choke upchoke up 说不出话说不出话 clear upclear up 清理，澄清清理，澄清 ddraw upraw up 草拟草拟 dresdress ups up 盛装盛装 wash upwash up 洗餐具洗餐具eat upeat up 吃完吃完 hang uphang up 挂断电话挂断电话 heheat upat up 变暖，变热变暖，变热 hold uphold up 阻止，防碍阻止，防碍 show upshow up

出现出现 take uptake up 从事从事


e.g.e.g.

• The moreThe more learned a man is, learned a man is, the morethe more modest he modest he usually is.usually is.

• The moreThe more learned, learned, the morethe more modest. modest.

TranslateTranslate

Advice is like snow; the softer it falls, the longer it Advice is like snow; the softer it falls, the longer it dwells updwells up (( 驻留驻留 )) the mind and the deeper it sinks the mind and the deeper it sinks into into the mind.the mind.KeyKey

忠告像雪花一样：来得越和缓，留在心里越长久，沁人忠告像雪花一样：来得越和缓，留在心里越长久，沁人心睥也越深。心睥也越深。

the more … the more … the more … the more … — — used to show that the increase in one amount or used to show that the increase in one amount or

degree of sth continues at the same rate as degree of sth continues at the same rate as anotheranother


e.g.e.g.

• Since she injured her back, she has been Since she injured her back, she has been shut inshut in the the house.house.

TranslateTranslate

我们处在群山环抱之中。我们处在群山环抱之中。

KeyKey

We are We are shut inshut in by the hills here. by the hills here.

shut in shut in

— — to keep, enclose to keep, enclose


e.g.e.g.

• You can You can argueargue either way, for or against. either way, for or against.

• He was He was arguingarguing that poverty may be a blessing. that poverty may be a blessing.

argue argue

— — give reasons to prove or try to provegive reasons to prove or try to prove


e.g.e.g.

• Due toDue to a snowstorm, all the airline flights are a snowstorm, all the airline flights are delayed.delayed.

• The trip was delayed The trip was delayed due todue to the bad weather. the bad weather.

TranslateTranslate

该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。

KeyKey The team’s success was largely The team’s success was largely due todue to her efforts. her efforts.

due to due to

— — because of, caused bybecause of, caused by


e.g.e.g.

• As a great statesman, Churchill also had his As a great statesman, Churchill also had his ups aups annd d

downsdowns in his political career. in his political career.

ups and downs ups and downs

—— alternations of good and bad fortune, good and alternations of good and bad fortune, good and bad periodsbad periods

TranslateTranslate

虽然他们的婚姻生活有过许多波折，但他们仍然深爱着虽然他们的婚姻生活有过许多波折，但他们仍然深爱着对方。对方。

KeyKeyThere have been many There have been many ups and downsups and downs in their in their marriage, but they still love each other.marriage, but they still love each other.

up and downup and down

— — higher and lower; backwards and forwards, to and higher and lower; backwards and forwards, to and forfor

e.g.e.g.

• The kids began to jump The kids began to jump up and downup and down excitedly when excitedly when an elephant came onto the stage.an elephant came onto the stage.

• A girl walked A girl walked up and downup and down the station platform. the station platform.


e.g.e.g.

• The government is trying to The government is trying to maintainmaintain a high level a high level

of foreign investment.of foreign investment.

TranslateTranslate

她的健康状况仍在继续好转。她的健康状况仍在继续好转。

KeyKeyThe improvement of her health is being The improvement of her health is being

maintainedmaintained..

maintainmaintain

— — 1) 1) continue to have, do, etc. as beforecontinue to have, do, etc. as before



e.g.e.g.

• With a new-born baby, he’s under pressure to find With a new-born baby, he’s under pressure to find a good job to a good job to maintainmaintain his family. his family.

TranslateTranslate

她供两个儿子上大学。她供两个儿子上大学。

KeyKey She She maintainedmaintained two sons at university. two sons at university.

maintainmaintain

— — 2) support with money2) support with money



e.g.e.g.

• The accused official The accused official maintainedmaintained that the mansion that the mansion was a personal gift from a generous friend.was a personal gift from a generous friend.

TranslateTranslate

坚持自己无辜坚持自己无辜

KeyKey maintainmaintain one’s innocence one’s innocence

maintainmaintain

— — 3) state as true, argue for (an opinion)3) state as true, argue for (an opinion)


e.g.e.g.

• The student found it difficult to The student found it difficult to explainexplain awayaway his use his use of bad language.of bad language.

TranslateTranslate

年轻人试图为丢钱一事作出辩解，但没有人相信他的年轻人试图为丢钱一事作出辩解，但没有人相信他的话。话。

KeyKeyThe young man tried to The young man tried to explain awayexplain away the the missing missing

money, but no one believed his story.money, but no one believed his story.

explain awayexplain away — — to account, or give an excuse, for (something to account, or give an excuse, for (something

wrong)wrong)


e.g.e.g.

• His illness His illness accounts foraccounts for his absence. his absence.

TranslateTranslate

请对你的可耻行为作个解释。请对你的可耻行为作个解释。

KeyKey Please Please account foraccount for your disgraceful conduct. your disgraceful conduct.

account foraccount for — — serve as an explanation of serve as an explanation of


e.g.e.g.

• The retired professor The retired professor keeps an eye onkeeps an eye on the latest the latest development in his field.development in his field.

TranslateTranslate

能给我照管一会儿手提箱吗？能给我照管一会儿手提箱吗？

KeyKeyCould you Could you keep an eye onkeep an eye on my suitcase for a my suitcase for a

moment?moment?

keep an eye onkeep an eye on

— — (fig.) keep a watch on(fig.) keep a watch on


Ice CapIce Cap

An ice cap is a cover of ice and snow which never An ice cap is a cover of ice and snow which never

melts because it is located in a polar region or on the melts because it is located in a polar region or on the

peak of a high mountain, above the snow line.peak of a high mountain, above the snow line.

Text-related InformationText-related Information

Ice AgeIce Age

An ice age is any part of several periods or epochs of An ice age is any part of several periods or epochs of

time when glaciers, especially in the form of great ice time when glaciers, especially in the form of great ice

sheets, covered more of the Earth’s surface than they sheets, covered more of the Earth’s surface than they

do today. It may refer to whole glacial epochs 1.7 do today. It may refer to whole glacial epochs 1.7

million to 60 million years long or a single glacial million to 60 million years long or a single glacial

stage within these epochs, lasting for approximately stage within these epochs, lasting for approximately

20,000 to 100,000 years each.20,000 to 100,000 years each.


Fahrenheit Fahrenheit

Name of a thermometer scale with freezing-point at 32Name of a thermometer scale with freezing-point at 32

and boiling-point at 212 , widely used in Britain an℉ ℉and boiling-point at 212 , widely used in Britain an℉ ℉d the United States;d the United States;

Celsius also CentigradeCelsius also Centigrade

With freezing-point at 0 and boiling-point at 100 . F℃ ℃With freezing-point at 0 and boiling-point at 100 . F℃ ℃ahrenheit to Celsius:(Fahrenheit to Celsius:(F －－ 32)32)××5/9. Celsius to Fahrenhei5/9. Celsius to Fahrenhei

t: C t: C ××9/5 +32.9/5 +32.


SScientists warned against treating it as a cry of cientists warned against treating it as a cry of wolfwolf..

SScientists warned that it would be dangerous to cientists warned that it would be dangerous to

regard the forecast as a false alarmregard the forecast as a false alarm..

ComprehensionComprehension

with a dip from the mid-1940s to 1970with a dip from the mid-1940s to 1970

with a slight drop lasting from the mid-1940s towith a slight drop lasting from the mid-1940s to 19701970


the earth will go the way of Venusthe earth will go the way of Venus

the earth will develop into the same situation as the earth will develop into the same situation as that of Venusthat of Venus


Guided PracticeGuided Practice

• Vocabulary • ClozeCloze• TranslationTranslation• Structure WritingStructure Writing

VocabularyVocabulary

VocabularyVocabulary Ex. V Ex. VI

《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. V, p. 247Ex. V, p. 247《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. V, p. 247Ex. V, p. 247


V.V. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. form where necessary.


1.1. This article which is based upon careful observation, is This article which is based upon careful observation, is sure to attract _____ interest from scientists who study sure to attract _____ interest from scientists who study the the earth.earth. considerableconsiderable

2.2. According to the article, people are fighting to _____ the According to the article, people are fighting to _____ the dangers that face the earth from the “greenhouse effect”.dangers that face the earth from the “greenhouse effect”.

minimizeminimize

absorb argue considerable definite diminish

gradual likewise maintain threat minimize

nevertheless release revise severe swell

tackle visible temporary issue account


3.3. Engineers have designed some new devices to make the Engineers have designed some new devices to make the best possible use of the energy _____ by the sun.best possible use of the energy _____ by the sun.

releasedreleased

4.4. In the article, suggestions were made as to how to ____ In the article, suggestions were made as to how to ____ the greenhouse problem, such as by revising city the greenhouse problem, such as by revising city planning and building dykes and reservoirs.planning and building dykes and reservoirs.

tackletackle






5.5. The “greenhouse effect” seems quite obvious while the The “greenhouse effect” seems quite obvious while the solution to the problem seems not so _____.solution to the problem seems not so _____. definitedefinite

6.6. Mrs. Smith is very concerned about the buildup of Mrs. Smith is very concerned about the buildup of carbon dioxide. She and many others who think _____ carbon dioxide. She and many others who think _____ are are trying to cut down on their use of cars and other trying to cut down on their use of cars and other machines that use fossil fuels. machines that use fossil fuels. likewiselikewise






7.7. The more energy the carbon dioxide _____, the warmer The more energy the carbon dioxide _____, the warmer the atmosphere will become.the atmosphere will become.

absorbsabsorbs

8.8. Although a great amount of carbon dioxide has been Although a great amount of carbon dioxide has been released into the atmosphere, it is still not _____ to the released into the atmosphere, it is still not _____ to the naked eye. naked eye.

visiblevisible






9.9. The article _____ that the greenhouse effect is an even The article _____ that the greenhouse effect is an even greater danger to the world than population growth, greater danger to the world than population growth, diminishing food supply and the like.diminishing food supply and the like.

arguesargues

10.Scientists warn that in the near future the world’s 10.Scientists warn that in the near future the world’s temperature will further increase while the food supply temperature will further increase while the food supply will will further _____.further _____.

diminishdiminish






11.11. Many people may not accept the viewpoints argued in Many people may not accept the viewpoints argued in the essay. _____, they’re alerted to one of the serious the essay. _____, they’re alerted to one of the serious envenvironmental hazards (ironmental hazards ( 危险危险 ) of our time. ) of our time.

NeverthelessNevertheless

12.12. A report on population growth will be _____ and A report on population growth will be _____ and questions of birth control will be discussed at the questions of birth control will be discussed at the conference. conference. issuedissued






13.13. A night in prison is far too _____ a punishment for a A night in prison is far too _____ a punishment for a boy who only stole a few dollars’ worth of candy from boy who only stole a few dollars’ worth of candy from the the shop. shop.

severesevere

14.14. The essay _____ that anti-intellectualism must be fought The essay _____ that anti-intellectualism must be fought and a pro-intellectual culture be cultivated in society. and a pro-intellectual culture be cultivated in society.

maintainsmaintains






15.15. No one has any idea what could _____ for that No one has any idea what could _____ for that politician’s sudden change of position on the politician’s sudden change of position on the environmental protection law. environmental protection law.

accountaccount

16.16. This paper is so disorganized that you will have to _____ This paper is so disorganized that you will have to _____ it a good deal. it a good deal.

reviserevise






17.17. A fad is _____ whereas a social trend lasts a long time A fad is _____ whereas a social trend lasts a long time and becomes a true part of society. and becomes a true part of society.

temporarytemporary

18.18. Sometimes a teacher has a great impact on a student all Sometimes a teacher has a great impact on a student all at once, but in other cases, a more _____ influence takes at once, but in other cases, a more _____ influence takes place. place.

gradualgradual






19.19. Anti-intellectualism is, in a sense, a(n) _____ to the Anti-intellectualism is, in a sense, a(n) _____ to the possibility of cultural development in any given society.possibility of cultural development in any given society.

threatthreat

20.20. The heavy rain _____ the rivers and flooded the district.The heavy rain _____ the rivers and flooded the district.

swelledswelled






《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. VI, p. 249Ex. VI, p. 249《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. VI, p. 249Ex. VI, p. 249


VI.VI. Fill in the blanks with the expressions listed below. Fill in the blanks with the expressions listed below. Change the form Change the form where necessary. where necessary.


1.1. According to the report issued recently, the severe According to the report issued recently, the severe climate changes made the _____ of the world’s climate changes made the _____ of the world’s temperatures more difficult to explain. temperatures more difficult to explain.

ups and downsups and downs

warn ofwarn of result fromresult from dry updry up warn againstwarn against

on the riseon the rise be to blamebe to blame in the form ofin the form of heat upheat up

pass throughpass through hold inhold in shut inshut in due todue to

ups and downsups and downs worst of allworst of all by comparisonby comparison even soeven so

account foraccount for keep an eye openkeep an eye open


2.2. The article _____ the dangerous environmental changes The article _____ the dangerous environmental changes which could be caused by the greenhouse effect. which could be caused by the greenhouse effect.

warned ofwarned of







3.3. According to some scientists, carbon dioxide will absorb According to some scientists, carbon dioxide will absorb the energy radiating from the earth instead of letting it the energy radiating from the earth instead of letting it

_____ into space. _____ into space.

pass throughpass through







4.4. Scientists disagree as to how to _____ the gradual Scientists disagree as to how to _____ the gradual warming of the atmosphere: Some think it is due to warming of the atmosphere: Some think it is due to natural natural temperature ups and downs while others are temperature ups and downs while others are strongly strongly against this theory. against this theory.

account foraccount for







5.5. Some people just turn a blind eye to the greenhouse Some people just turn a blind eye to the greenhouse effect, and , _____, many just treat it as a cry of wolf. effect, and , _____, many just treat it as a cry of wolf.

worst of allworst of all







6.6. According to the latest studies, the increase of carbon According to the latest studies, the increase of carbon dioxide levels must have _____ the burning of coal, oil, dioxide levels must have _____ the burning of coal, oil, natural gas and the like. natural gas and the like.

resulted fromresulted from







7.7. The report strongly _____ the consequences of not The report strongly _____ the consequences of not tackling the greenhouse problem right away; it argued tackling the greenhouse problem right away; it argued that that the problem is real and must be controlled.the problem is real and must be controlled.

warned againstwarned against







8.8. One of the most serious effects of the greenhouse One of the most serious effects of the greenhouse problem is that the warming of the atmosphere would problem is that the warming of the atmosphere would _____ rivers and bring drought to some fertile areas. _____ rivers and bring drought to some fertile areas.

dry updry up







9.9. Some scientists are not concerned about the greenhouse Some scientists are not concerned about the greenhouse threat that faces the world. _____, they can not ignore threat that faces the world. _____, they can not ignore

the fact that the earth’s temperature has been on the the fact that the earth’s temperature has been on the rise rise for the last several decades. for the last several decades.

Even soEven so







10.10. Scientific research shows that the average global Scientific research shows that the average global temperature has been continuously _____, though temperature has been continuously _____, though people people try to account for this in different ways.try to account for this in different ways.

on the riseon the rise







11.11. Scientists are comparing the carbon dioxide in the Scientists are comparing the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to a huge “blanket” which _____ the heat atmosphere to a huge “blanket” which _____ the heat energy radiating from the earth.energy radiating from the earth.

holds inholds in







12.12. The series of lectures on environmental problems will The series of lectures on environmental problems will be be edited by the publishing house _____ of a book to enable edited by the publishing house _____ of a book to enable

us to have an overall picture of the issue. us to have an overall picture of the issue.

in the form ofin the form of







13.13. If the greenhouse problem is _____ the rise in carbon If the greenhouse problem is _____ the rise in carbon dioxide levels, we have to find ways to control the use of dioxide levels, we have to find ways to control the use of fuels which release the harmful gas. fuels which release the harmful gas.

due todue to







14.14. Although the threat of nuclear war might make the Although the threat of nuclear war might make the greenhouse effect look, _____, to be a minor issue, we greenhouse effect look, _____, to be a minor issue, we must still take it seriously. must still take it seriously.

by comparisonby comparison







15.15. The conference concluded that owing to the burning of The conference concluded that owing to the burning of fossil fuels mankind _____ partly _____ for the fossil fuels mankind _____ partly _____ for the greenhouse greenhouse effect. effect.

is, to blameis, to blame







16.16. Mother advises us to _____ the soup before we have it Mother advises us to _____ the soup before we have it for our meal. for our meal.

heat upheat up







17.17. Mother asked me to _____ on the baby while she was Mother asked me to _____ on the baby while she was answering the phone. answering the phone.

keep an eye onkeep an eye on







18.18. The writer _____ himself _____ his room to concentrate The writer _____ himself _____ his room to concentrate on writing the article. on writing the article.

shut … inshut … in







ClozeCloze

《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. X, p. 252Ex. X, p. 252《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. X, p. 252Ex. X, p. 252

ClozeCloze

X. Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word.each of the blanks with an appropriate word.

11 The greenhouse effect is one of the most important The greenhouse effect is one of the most important

environmental ______ facing us today. If the earth continues environmental ______ facing us today. If the earth continues

to heat ____, the effects on our climate could be severe. If the to heat ____, the effects on our climate could be severe. If the

polar ice caps ______, the level of the seas could rise polar ice caps ______, the level of the seas could rise

substantially. If rainfall ________ are changed, places that are substantially. If rainfall ________ are changed, places that are

now fertile breadbaskets could _____ up and become deserts. now fertile breadbaskets could _____ up and become deserts.

And ___________ which lie near oceans or rivers could be And ___________ which lie near oceans or rivers could be

threatened by ________. threatened by ________.

meltmelt

up up

issuesissues

patternspatterns

drydry

communitiescommunities

floodsfloods

ClozeCloze


22 Scientists disagree about how profound an effect the build Scientists disagree about how profound an effect the build

up of carbon dioxide in the ____________ will have. Some say up of carbon dioxide in the ____________ will have. Some say

that the ups and _______ of temperatures are due to chance that the ups and _______ of temperatures are due to chance

rather ________ some irreversible change in our atmosphere. rather ________ some irreversible change in our atmosphere.

But to more and more scientists, it seems like all the fossil But to more and more scientists, it seems like all the fossil

_______ which we are burning are having some kind of _______ which we are burning are having some kind of

impact. Temperatures have been increasing _________ over impact. Temperatures have been increasing _________ over

the last 90 years and that is difficult fact to explain _________.the last 90 years and that is difficult fact to explain _________.

atmosphereatmosphere

downs downs

thanthan

fuelsfuels

graduallygradually

awayaway

ClozeCloze

The greenhouse problem is one that should be _________ as The greenhouse problem is one that should be _________ as

soon as possible. City planning and water storage should be soon as possible. City planning and water storage should be

________ so that we are prepared to handle whatever ________ so that we are prepared to handle whatever

changes come our way.changes come our way.

tackledtackled

revisedrevised


TranslationTranslation

《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. XI, p. 252Ex. XI, p. 252《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. XI, p. 252Ex. XI, p. 252

XIV. Translate the following sentences into English.


XIV. Translate the following sentences into English.1.1. 那位科学家在文章中争辩说，所观察到的现象是暂时的，那位科学家在文章中争辩说，所观察到的现象是暂时的，非典型的，而且这一现象不会持久。非典型的，而且这一现象不会持久。

argue that …argue that …

The scientist argued in his article that the observed The scientist argued in his article that the observed

phenomenon is temporary and not typical, and will phenomenon is temporary and not typical, and will

not last for long.not last for long.

last for long last for long


2.2. 有些人坚持认为尽管温室效应会对全球的天气带来变化，有些人坚持认为尽管温室效应会对全球的天气带来变化，但不会成为对人类的主要威胁。但不会成为对人类的主要威胁。

maintain thatmaintain that

Some people maintain that while the greenhouse effect Some people maintain that while the greenhouse effect

can bring/create changes to the global weather can bring/create changes to the global weather

patterns, it will not become a major threat to patterns, it will not become a major threat to

mankind.mankind.

whilewhile

bring /create changes tobring /create changes to


mankindmankind

3.3. 这篇文章虽然警告人们温室问题带来的效应是不可逆转这篇文章虽然警告人们温室问题带来的效应是不可逆转的，但它并未提出任何解决问题的建议。的，但它并未提出任何解决问题的建议。

warn againstwarn against

The article warns against the irreversible effects of The article warns against the irreversible effects of

the greenhouse problem, but it fails to put forward the greenhouse problem, but it fails to put forward

any suggestions about how to solve the problem.any suggestions about how to solve the problem.

fail to fail to


put forwardput forward

4.4. 最近发表了许多文章警告核武器扩散的可能性。最近发表了许多文章警告核武器扩散的可能性。

have been issuedhave been issued

Recently many reports have been issued to warn of Recently many reports have been issued to warn of

the possible spread of nuclear weapons.the possible spread of nuclear weapons.

warn of warn of

spread of nuclear weaponsspread of nuclear weapons


5.5. 这篇文章的结论是世界面临着人口稳步增长而食品供应这篇文章的结论是世界面临着人口稳步增长而食品供应不断减少的危险。不断减少的危险。

is steadily rising is steadily rising

The article concludes that the world is facing the The article concludes that the world is facing the

danger that while the population is steadily rising, danger that while the population is steadily rising,

the food supply is declining.the food supply is declining.

food supplyfood supplyis decliningis declining


6.6. 多少年来人们一直在使沙漠变成肥沃的土地，融化高山多少年来人们一直在使沙漠变成肥沃的土地，融化高山的冰川来灌溉庄稼。的冰川来灌溉庄稼。

turn … into … turn … into …

For years people have been trying to turn deserts For years people have been trying to turn deserts

into fertile lands and to melt mountain glaciers to into fertile lands and to melt mountain glaciers to

irrigate crops.irrigate crops.

irrigate cropsirrigate crops


7.7. 我们燃烧的燃料愈多，大气层中二氧化碳的含量就愈高。我们燃烧的燃料愈多，大气层中二氧化碳的含量就愈高。

the more … the higher … the more … the higher …

The more fuel we burn, the higher the carbon The more fuel we burn, the higher the carbon

dioxide levels in the atmosphere will become.dioxide levels in the atmosphere will become.

the carbon dioxide levelsthe carbon dioxide levels



8. 8. 科学家们一致认为应立即处理温室效应问题。即便如此，科学家们一致认为应立即处理温室效应问题。即便如此，对于如何有效控制温室效应一直有相当大的争议。对于如何有效控制温室效应一直有相当大的争议。

to be tackled to be tackled

Scientists agree that the greenhouse problem has to Scientists agree that the greenhouse problem has to be tackled now. Even so, there has been be tackled now. Even so, there has been considerable debate over how to get it under considerable debate over how to get it under effective control. effective control.

Even so,Even so,

get sth. under effective controlget sth. under effective control

considerable debate overconsiderable debate over

《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. XIII, p. 254Ex. XIII, p. 254《读写教程 I 》 : Ex. XIII, p. 254Ex. XIII, p. 254

Structured WritingStructured Writing

Choose one of the four causes given below and write a Choose one of the four causes given below and write a

short passage in which you describe the effect (or effects) short passage in which you describe the effect (or effects)

that this change would have on your life if it should that this change would have on your life if it should

happen to you. Use the modal verbs, happen to you. Use the modal verbs, mightmight, , couldcould, and , and

shouldshould to express the ideas of possibility, likelihood, and to express the ideas of possibility, likelihood, and

advisability. Use advisability. Use wouldwould to express what you feel you to express what you feel you

would actually do.would actually do.


1.1. Two of your roommates got into fight and Two of your roommates got into fight and

refused to talk to each other anymore.refused to talk to each other anymore.

1.1. Two of your roommates got into fight and Two of your roommates got into fight and

refused to talk to each other anymore.refused to talk to each other anymore.

2.2. One of your parents became seriously ill.One of your parents became seriously ill.2.2. One of your parents became seriously ill.One of your parents became seriously ill.

3.3. You failed in a recent exam.You failed in a recent exam.3.3. You failed in a recent exam.You failed in a recent exam.

4.4. You won a ten-thousand yuan prize.You won a ten-thousand yuan prize.4.4. You won a ten-thousand yuan prize.You won a ten-thousand yuan prize.


Sample Essay for Topic 1Sample Essay for Topic 1

If Two of My Roommates Got into a Fight, …If Two of My Roommates Got into a Fight, …If Two of My Roommates Got into a Fight, …If Two of My Roommates Got into a Fight, …


If two of my roommates got into a serious fight and refused to talk If two of my roommates got into a serious fight and refused to talk to each other any more, it would certainly be a problem for me too. I to each other any more, it would certainly be a problem for me too. I would have a few choices about how to deal with it. I could completely would have a few choices about how to deal with it. I could completely ignore the fight and wait for the problem to just go away, but this ignore the fight and wait for the problem to just go away, but this wouldn’t be realistic. I could talk to both of them at once and try to wouldn’t be realistic. I could talk to both of them at once and try to solve their problems for them. If I did this, however, they would solve their problems for them. If I did this, however, they would probably both get angry at me. I think what I would actually do would probably both get angry at me. I think what I would actually do would be to talk to each of them individually.be to talk to each of them individually.

Depending on what they said, I might give them advice about Depending on what they said, I might give them advice about what to do, or I might just listen silently. If I thought one or both of what to do, or I might just listen silently. If I thought one or both of them was not being responsible or reasonable, I would try to point it them was not being responsible or reasonable, I would try to point it out to them in a calm way. In any case, I would do anything in my out to them in a calm way. In any case, I would do anything in my power to help them to end the fight. When you are sharing a room, power to help them to end the fight. When you are sharing a room, any problem between some of the people becomes a problem for all of any problem between some of the people becomes a problem for all of the people.the people.


Please exchange your writing with the classmate Please exchange your writing with the classmate

sitting beside you and revise his writing, such as sitting beside you and revise his writing, such as

correcting spelling mistakes, eliminating correcting spelling mistakes, eliminating

redundancy, and considering sentence types.redundancy, and considering sentence types.

Let’s do it!Let’s do it!


AssignmentAssignment

1.1. Revision of Text A:Revision of Text A:

• StructureStructure Ex. VIII & IXEx. VIII & IX p.251p.251

• ClozeCloze Ex. XEx. Xp.252p.252

• TranslationTranslation Ex. XIEx. XI p.253p.253

2.2. Preview of Text B:Preview of Text B:

• Guessing Unknown Words and Guessing Unknown Words and Expression Expression

p. 261 p. 261

Unit 9 : Text A Unit 9 : Text A 21st Century College English: Book 1 Hothouse Earth.

Documents

Transcript of Unit 9 : Text A Unit 9 : Text A 21st Century College English: Book 1 Hothouse Earth.