Unit 9: Earth Cycles
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Transcript of Unit 9: Earth Cycles
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Unit 9: Earth Cycles
Vocabulary
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AxisImaginary line about which an object rotates.
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RotateTo turn or cause to turn about an axis or a center.
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RevolveTo move in an orbit.
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CounterclockwiseIn a direction opposite to that in which the hands of a clock rotate.
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Rotational AxisThe Earth is rotating around an imaginary axis at a 23.5° tilt. It points in the same direction relative to the stars, so that the North Pole points towards the star Polaris (North Star).
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Vernal EquinoxEarth reaches a point where the tilt is not toward
or away from the Sun, and the lengths of day and night are the same all over Earth. March
21st.
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Summer SolsticeEarth’s northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun
and days become longer and warmer. June 21st.
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Autumnal EquinoxEarth reaches a point where the tilt is not toward or away from the Sun, and the lengths of day and night are the same all over Earth. September 22nd.
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Winter SolsticeEarth reaches a point when the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun and the hours of daylight are the shortest. December 21st.
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EclipseThe partial or complete hiding from view
of an astronomical object, such as the Sun or Moon, when another astronomical
object comes between it and the observer.
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Solar EclipseWhen the Moon blocks the Sun or a part of it.
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Lunar EclipseWhen the Earth casts a shadow on the Moon.
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New MoonWhen the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun; the illuminated portion is on the backside we can’t see.
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Waxing CrescentDuring this phase, part of the Moon is beginning to show. We say that the Moon is "waxing" because each night a little bit more is visible for a little bit longer.
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First Quarter MoonComes a week after new moon; rises at noon and is high overhead at sunset, then sets around midnight.
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Waxing GibbousWhen most of the Moon is visible we say it is a
Gibbous Moon. During this phase, the Moon remains in the sky most of the night.
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Full MoonWhen we can observe the entire face of the Moon, we call it a Full Moon. The Moon is opposite the Earth and the Sun.
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Waning GibbousInstead of seeing more of the Moon each night, we begin to see less and less of the Moon each night. This is what the word "waning" means.
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Third Quarter MoonComes about three weeks after new moon; rises around midnight, appears at its highest in the sky around dawn, and sets at noon.
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Waning CrescentEach night less of the Moon is visible for less
time.
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Gravitational AttractionForce of attraction between all masses in the universe, especially
the attraction of the Earth’s mass for bodies near its surface.
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Neap TidesTides that are the least extreme; happen twice a month, at first and last quarter moon phases.
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Spring TidesTides that are most extreme; occur twice a month, at full and new moon phases.
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High TideThe tide when the water is at its greatest
height.
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Low TideThe tide at its lowest level at a particular
time and place.