Unit 8 The Modern Era

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Unit 8 The Modern Era

The Modern Era

How does a nation protect its freedom?



Lessons


Lesson 1A New Century

Lesson 2Good Times, Hard Times

Lesson 3World War II

Lesson 4The Cold WarLesson 5A Time of ChangeLesson 6Present-day Challenges


A New Century

How did the United States protect its interests between 1900 and 1918?

Lesson 1

Vocabularyprogressive

reform

muckraker

Treaty of Versailles

League of Nations

Reading SkillMake Inferences


A New Century

Theodore RooseveltSquare DealProgressive reforms in business and governmentNational parks and laws to protect natural resources

Panama CanalCentral American shortcut from Atlantic to PacificU.S. Navy helped Panama gain independence.U.S purchased Canal Zone.1914: first 48-mile voyage

Write About It!List the sequence of events leading to the completion of the Panama Canal.


A New CenturyWorld War I

Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary assassinated in Serbia

Alliances caused countries to take sides.

Allied PowersCentral Powers

Deadly new weaponspoison gasmachine gunstankssubmarinesairplanes

Trench warfare

What event brought the U.S. into WWI?In 1917, Germany sank eight American ships.


A New Century

The Home Frontindustries expandedjob opportunities for women and minoritiessacrificed by conserving

Treaty of Versailles

Why did the U.S. decide not to join the League of Nations?

The U.S. Senate refused to approve the League of Nations because they did not want to be drawn into the political problems of other countries.

1917: President Wilson declared war on Central Powers.

U.S. warships protected merchant ships.

Germany already near defeat.


Good Times, Hard Times

How did economic and political changes affect American freedoms?

Lesson 2

Vocabulary

suffrage

mass production

assembly line

stock



Good Times, Hard Times“The Roaring 20s”

Women’s Suffrage19th Amendment

The Great MigrationRacial violence and Jim Crow laws in SouthAfrican Americans left the South to move to cities in the North.

Automobiles changed America.need for highways, gas stations, motelsoil industry grewmass production, assembly line

Age of Wondersvacuum cleaners, electric stoves, refrigeratorsradio and moviesbuying on credit



Widespread prejudice toward immigrants

Laws limiting immigration

Ku Klux Klan revival

targeted African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants

4 million members

Economy faced serious problems.

Companies owned by stockholders.

Many people owed money.

Profits were falling.

1929: stock market crashed.



The Great DepressionBanks closed.

Companies went out of business.

People lost jobs and homes.

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New DealGovernment programs hired workers.

Social Security and unemployment insurance

Drought in the Midwest – Dust Bowl


World War II

How did the United States defend its freedom in World War II?

Lesson 3

Vocabularydictator

neutral

ration

internment

concentration camp



World War II

Adolf Hitler was dictator of Germany.

Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan

1939: Nazi army invaded Poland.

Allied Powers declared war on Germany.

U.S. tried to remain neutral.

December 7, 1941: Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.

U.S. entered the war.


World War II


War on two frontsPacific Ocean and AsiaEurope and Africa

Battle of Midway – important U.S. victory in Pacific

Germany driven out of Soviet Union and Italy surrendered

D-Day – Allied forces landed in Normandy, France

Germany surrendered.

Holocaust

U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Japan surrendered.


The Cold War

How did world changes affect the United States from 1945 to 1960?

Lesson 4

Vocabulary

communism

truce

arms race

satellite

era



The Cold WarTensions grew between U.S and Soviet Union.

Under dictator Josef Stalin, Soviet Union took control of much of Eastern Europe.

Communism – government owns all property

Americans feared spread of communism.

Cold War fought with ideas, money, words

Write About It!Why did Americans fear the spread of communism?


The Cold WarIdentify the following terms and events from the Cold War.

Communism

United Nations

NATO

Marshall Plan

Iron Curtain

Propaganda

Nuclear weapons tests

Korean War

Arms race



The Cold War1950s

People had more moneyHouses, televisions, cars

McCarthyismSenator McCarthy accused many people of being communistsUnfair attacks

Berlin Wall divided communist East Berlin from free West Berlin.

The Space RaceSoviet SputnikU.S. Neil Armstrong walked on moon

Cuban Missile Crisis



What were the results of protest in the second half of the 20th century?

A Time of ChangeLesson 5

Vocabulary

Civil Rights Act

prejudice

Voting Rights Act

migrant farm worker



Identify the following terms and events from the 1960s.

The Montgomery Bus Boycott

March on Washington

The Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act

President Kennedy assassinated

The War on Poverty and the Great Society

Migrant workers and the UFW

The Women’s Movement and NOW

A Time of Change


A Time of Change

What was the importance of Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education?

Plessy v. Ferguson ruled that separate but equal was constitutional and allowed racial segregation of schools.

In Brown v. Board of Education the Supreme Court overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and school segregation became illegal.

Why did the Vietnam War divide Americans?

The “Hawks” believed that the U.S. had to fight the North Vietnamese to stop communism from spreading.

The “Doves” believed the U.S. should not fight in a war when its own safety was not threatened.


What challenges does the United States face in the 21st century?

Present-day ChallengesLesson 6

Vocabulary

terrorism

interdependence

North American Free Trade Agreement

global warming



Present-day ChallengesTerrorism in the United States

September 11, 2001Al Qaeda

War in Iraq and Afghanistan

Economic interdependenceNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Environmental issuesburning of fossil fuelspollution and acid rainglobal warming

The Futuredevelopments in science and technology

new energy sources


Present-day ChallengesUse clues from the text to make inferences about the War on Terrorism.

Text Clues InferencesWhat You Know

On 9/11/01, terrorists attacked the U.S.

The United States invaded Iraq.

President Bush vowed to defeat all terrorists.

President Bush declared war on terrorists, not Muslims.

Insurgents try to topple the new democratic government.

Insurgents attack U.S. forces in Iraq.

The enemy is terrorism, not Islam.

Extremists want non-Muslim occupying forces to leave Iraq.

Terrorists are difficult to fight.


Review

Why did the U.S. enter World War I?

Germans sank the Lusitania with Americans on board, and then sank eight American ships.

Why did the U.S. decide not to join the League of Nations?

The U.S. Senate refused to approve the League because they did not want to be drawn into the political problems of countries far from the U.S. border.

What was the Nineteenth Amendment?

The Nineteenth Amendment gave women the right to vote.

What period followed the stock market crash of 1929?

The Great Depression followed the stock market crash.


Review

How did the U.S. end the war with Japan?

The U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Why was the success of the Normandy invasion so important to the Allies?

The victory at Normandy pushed the German forces away from the coast and the Allies were able to surround Germany from three sides.

What is global warming?

Global warming is an overall rise in the Earth’s temperature. Burning fossil fuels releases gases, especially carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere. Scientists believe these gases help trap the sun’s heat near Earth, causing a rise in temperature.


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Unit 8 The Modern Era

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