Unit 6: Weather
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Transcript of Unit 6: Weather
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WEATHER
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Pressure! Recall the pressure
crushing the pop can from the last unit
! The sum of the forces from the moving air molecules over an area
! Average Sea level pressure is 1010mb
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What do these mean?
L- Low pressure, rising motion of
the air H-High Pressure, sinking motion of the air
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So What’s Going on Here?! What is wind?
! What would we expect the wind to look like in this example?
H L
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WRONG!!!
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! Instead we see this…
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Coriolis Effect
! Caused by the Earth’s Rotation Causes the Rotation of air around pressure centers
Opposite effects on southern hemisphere
Simpsons video
! http://earth.nullschool.net/ ! Example
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• Air rises at a Low Pressure Center
• Associated with cloudy and windy weather
• North Pole Loop
• Air sinks at a High Pressure Center
• Associated with nice and calm weather
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Fronts! Isotherm
Line of equal temperature
! Isobar Line of equal pressure
! Gradient is shown by lines drawn close together
Very important to find fronts!
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Fronts! Leading Edge of different air mass
Temperature, humidity, wind direction
! 4 types Cold Front
Warm Front
Occluded Front
Stationary
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Cold Front! Brings in colder, drier air with a
sudden change in wind speed and direction
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Warm Front! Brings warmer, more humid air with change in
wind direction
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Occluded and Stationary FrontsOccluded Front
• When cold front and warm front run into each other
• Large amount of precipitation is possible
Stationary Front
• Boundary between two air masses
• Moves very slowly
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Station Model
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Reading Pressure
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Weather at Fronts! Cold Fronts
Clouds, rain/snow in narrow band right on frontal boundary Clear skies quickly follow frontal passage with strong N/NW winds
! Warm front Thin clouds/blanket of clouds with light rain possible ahead of the frontal boundary Winds shift to the south
! NW (top left) corner of Low Pressure Center Heavy rain/snow fall possible Caused by upper air configuration similar to occluded front
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Current Weather! http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/
! http://weather.cod.edu/satrad/
! http://www.aviationweather.gov/
! http://www.noaa.gov/
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Jet Stream
! Pressure Centers control where fronts go
! Prevailing winds and the jet stream control where pressure systems go
! Link
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Clouds
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What are clouds made of?! Clouds are
made of very small droplets of water or ice crystals.
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How do clouds form?! Rising air cools as it rises, this causes water
vapor that is in the air to condense into a liquid
! What causes Air to rise?
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Types of Clouds! Cumulus
“Puffy” with flat base Can grow very tall Time lapse of growth
Another Time Lapse Video
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! Stratus Clouds Uniform layer Usually dark gray Can form at different altitudes ▫ Example: altostratus=middle altitude
! Cirrostratus=high altitude
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! Cirrus Clouds Thin wispy clouds Very high altitude (7-18km) ▫ Made of ice crystals
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Special Cases! Precipitation
When the cloud drops get too large to stay suspended Gives the cloud a new name Can be liquid or ice
! Cumulonimbus nimbus cloud that is producing precipitation
! Nimbostratus Stratus clouds that produce precipitation
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Life of a Rain Drop
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Link
Fronts can act as LIFTING MECHANISMS to create clouds
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Severe Weather! When normal weather occurrences (wind, rain)
become more powerful than normal. How do these form in non severe cases? How can we make them severe?