Diabetes prevention

Diabetes prevention

Arlene K Hilado

Kaplan University

MN 510 Instructional Technology Integration

Dr. Mary Ann Theiss

August 9, 2012

Introduction

Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in United States and it has debilitating effects to the health and finances of America. American Diabetes Association (2012) presented data on the demographics of Americans afflicted with diabetes and the numbers are staggering. Obamas new healthcare reform brings in the effort of prevention instead of treatment of disease, and promotion of diabetes prevention will be among the leading health issue. This presentation will show the basic health promotion for those at high risk of diabetes.

American Diabetes Association. (2012). Diabetes basics. Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/?loc=DropDownDB-stats

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Unit Objectives

1. Learners will be able to define the meaning of type 2 diabetes.

2. Learners will be able to identify risk factors of diabetes.

3. Learners will be able to describe the importance of diabetes prevention.

4. Learners will be able to use their knowledge on diabetes prevention measures to teach their clients.

Learners Objectives

By the end of this presentation, learners will be able to:

Define what type 2 diabetes is.

Identify at least three risk factors of diabetes.

Describe at least two reasons on the importance of diabetes prevention.

Use two effective preventive measures in teaching diabetes prevention on clients.

Overview

Definition of type 2 diabetes

Introduction

Why prevent diabetes?

Whos at risk?

Diabetes risk test

What are the prevention measures?

Healthy diet

Fitness fun

Check-up America

Conclusion

Definition of type 2 diabetes

Normally , cells in the body need sugar as a source of energy. What happens is that the digestive system breaks down the carbohydrates into simple sugars such as glucose, which travel into and through the bloodstream to nourish and energize cells. Type 2 diabetes usually occurs in the adult years, although it, too, can appear at any age. This is the most common form of the disease and is closely correlated with the obesity epidemic. In this form the cause is

usually a problem in the way the body responds to insulin. It usually develops gradually and usually a result of poor lifestyle choices in people who are genetically susceptible (Yerkovich, 2011).

Reference

Yerkovich, S. (2011). Health smarts, what is diabetes? PN, 65 (11), 13-4.

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Definition of type 2 diabetes

Pancreas does not produce enough insulin

Cells dont respond appropriately to insulin

Elevated blood glucose or sugar

In type 2 diabetes, cells of the body become less responsive to insulin (a hormone produced by pancreas), which in turn causes the body to secrete more insulin to maintain normal metabolism. The pancreas usually rallies to compensate for the resistance by pumping out more insulin. For most people with insulin resistance, blood sugar levels stay within a normal range. But for some, the insulin-producing cells eventually fail to keep up with the increased demand. Blood sugar levels rise, resulting in diabetes. Insulin resistance occurs when the pancreas supplies too little insulin to keep up with the increased demand (What is Diabetes, 2009).

Reference

What is Diabetes. (2009). In Diabetes: A plan for living. Harvard Health Publications, 2-5.

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Type 2 Diabetes

Signs

and

Symptoms

Frequent urination

Unusual thirst

Extreme hunger

Unusual weight loss

Extreme fatigue and Irritability

Frequent infections

Blurred vision

Cuts/bruises that are slow to heal

Tingling/numbness in the hands/feet

Recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections

Reference

American Diabetic Association. (2012). Symptoms. Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/symptoms/

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Why prevent diabetes

Among U.S. residents ages 65 years and older, 10.9 million, or 26.9 percent, had diabetes in 2010 (National Diabetes Statistics, 2011). Diabetes can cause serious complications to major organs of the body and it can cause death.

Reference

National Diabetes Statistics. (2011). National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC). Retrieved from http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/statistics/#fast

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Data taken from National Diabetes Statistics (2011), heart disease was noted on 68 percent of diabetes-related death certificates among people ages 65 years or older; stroke was noted on 16 percent of diabetes-related death certificates among people ages 65 years or older. Diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of blindness among adults ages 2074 years. Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure, accounting for 44 percent of all new cases of kidney failure in 2008.

More than 60 percent of nontraumatic lower-limb amputations occur in people with diabetes (National Diabetes Statistics, 2011).

Reference

National Diabetes Statistics. (2011). National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse (NDIC). Retrieved from http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/statistics/#Estimation

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Complications of Diabetes in the United StatesHeart Disease and StrokeKidney failureDiabetic retinopathyOthers 5020228

Whos at risk?

Family history of diabetes

Obesity

Sedentary lifestyle

Increased age

Hypertension

Dyslipidemia

Previous gestational diabetes

The National Screening Committee produced its policy position in 2006 and advised that population screening for diabetes should not be offered. It is not cost-effective, misses some people who do have diabetes and worries others who do not. But there are certain people that needs to be screened and those are the ones who are with risk factors for diabetes (Hall, 2011).

Reference

Hall, G. (2011). An introduction to diabetes. Practice Nurse, 41(8), 18-25.

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Diabetes Risk TestFind out if you are at risk for diabetesand open the hyperlink below:

http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/prevention/diabetes-risk-test/?loc=DropDownDB-RiskTest

To find out if you are at risk for diabetes, take this quick, simple diabetes risk test by American Diabetes Association (2012).

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What are the prevention measures?Listen to what my Voki sayshttp://www.voki.com/pickup.php?scid=6460420&height=267&width=200

American Diabetes Association (2012) recommends staying physically active, eating healthy diet, and maintaining a healthy weight to reduce risk of diabetes.

Reference

American Diabetes Association. (2012). Diabetes basics. Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/prevention/?loc=DropDownDB-prevention

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Healthy Diet

Reduce portion sizes

eat regular meals

eat slowly and stop when full

Make healthy food choices

fruits

vegetables

wholegrain/high-fiber foods

water

low-fat/low-sodium/less sweets

8 principles of low-glycemic eating according to Ludwig and Rostler (2008):

Eat a lot of non-starchy vegetables, beans, and fruits such as apples, pears, peaches, and berries. Even tropical fruits like bananas, mangoes, and papayas tend to have a lower glycemic index than typical desserts.

Eat grains in the least-processed state possible: unbroken, such as whole-kernel bread, brown rice, and whole barley, millet, and wheat berries; or traditionally processed, such as stone-ground bread, steel-cut oats, and natural granola or muesli breakfast cereals.

Limit white potatoes and refined grain products such as white breads and white pasta to small side dishes.

Limit concentrated sweetsincluding high-calorie foods with a low glycemic index, such as ice cream to occasional treats. Reduce fruit juice to no more than one cup a day. Completely eliminate sugar-sweetened drinks.

Eat a healthful type of protein at most meals, such as beans, fish, or skinless chicken.

Choose foods with healthful fats, such as olive oil, nuts (almonds, walnuts, pecans), and avocados. Limit saturated fats from dairy and other animal products. Completely eliminate partially hydrogenated fats (trans fats), which are in fast food and many packaged foods.

Have three meals and one or two snacks each day, and dont skip breakfast.

Eat slowly and stop when full.

Reference

Ludwig, D., & Rostler, S. (2008). Adapted from Ending the Food Fight. Retrieved from http://www.helpguide.org/life/healthy_diet_diabetes.htm

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Fitness Fun

2.5 hours/week

moderate intensity aerobics and

2 days/week

muscle strengthening

Or

1.5 hours/week

Vigorous intensity aerobics and

2 days/week

Muscle strengthening

Physical activity is anything that gets your body moving. According to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, you need to do two types of physical activity each week to improve your healthaerobic and muscle-strengthening (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Moderate intensity aerobics can be brisk walking and swimming. Vigorous intensity aerobics can be jogging and running. Muscle strengthening should work all muscle groups (legs, hip, back, abdomen, chest, and arms).

Reference

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). How much physical activity do adults need? Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everyone/guidelines/adults.html

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Check America

This is a diet and exercise survey that will determine the health of America.

Click on this link to take the survey:

http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/CL6HZ89

To find out the data on the health lifestyle of America, this simple survey will help evaluate the needs in promoting diet and exercise.

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Conclusion

This is the link to my mind map conclusion

on

diabetes prevention:

https://www.mindmeister.com/194146753/diabetes-prevention

Nurses, as part of the health promotion environment can achieve lowering the risks of Americans in having diabetes. All we need to do is be proactive in education and implementation towards having healthy lifestyle. Thank you.

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