Unit #6 B East Asia (China)

Global StudiesGlobal StudiesUnit #6B – East Asia Unit #6B – East Asia

(China)(China)

Satellite View of ChinaSatellite View of ChinaSatellite View of ChinaSatellite View of China

China’s ProvincesChina’s ProvincesChina’s ProvincesChina’s Provinces

Monsoon Precipitation Monsoon Precipitation PatternsPatterns

Monsoon Precipitation Monsoon Precipitation PatternsPatterns

Winter MonsoonsWinter MonsoonsWinter MonsoonsWinter Monsoons

Summer MonsoonsSummer MonsoonsSummer MonsoonsSummer Monsoons

Summer RainfallSummer RainfallSummer RainfallSummer Rainfall

Agricultural Regions in Agricultural Regions in ChinaChina

Agricultural Regions in Agricultural Regions in ChinaChina

““Brown” China vs. Brown” China vs. “Green” China“Green” China

““Brown” China vs. Brown” China vs. “Green” China“Green” China

Rice DominantW

heat

Dom

inan

t

Pasture and Oasis

Double-crop rice

Top 10 Populated Top 10 Populated NationsNations

Top 10 Populated Top 10 Populated NationsNations

0 500 1000 1500

China

India

US

Indonesia

Brazil

Russia

Pakistan

Bangladesh

Japan

Nigeria

0 500 1000 1500

India

China

US

Pakistan

Indonesia

Nigeria

Bangladesh

Brazil

Congo

Ethiopia

2001 2050

Yellow River Yellow River CivilizationCivilization

Yellow River Yellow River CivilizationCivilization

The 4 Old-World The 4 Old-World River Valley River Valley

CulturesCultures

The 4 Old-World The 4 Old-World River Valley River Valley

CulturesCultures

““T’ien Ming”T’ien Ming”““T’ien Ming”T’ien Ming”The Mandate of The Mandate of

HeavenHeavenThe Mandate of The Mandate of

HeavenHeaven

1.1.The leader must lead by ability The leader must lead by ability and and virtue. virtue.

2.2.The dynasty's leadership must The dynasty's leadership must be be justified by succeeding justified by succeeding generations.generations.

3.3.The mandate could be revoked The mandate could be revoked by by negligence and abuse; the will negligence and abuse; the will of of the people was important. the people was important.

TheDynastic

Cycle

TheDynastic

Cycle

A new dynasty

comes to power.

A new dynasty

comes to power.

Lives of common people improved;

taxes reduced;farming encouraged.

Lives of common people improved;

taxes reduced;farming encouraged.

Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.)

Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.)

Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.

Farming neglected.

Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.

Farming neglected.

Govt. increasesspending; corruption.

Govt. increasesspending; corruption.

Droughts,floods,

famines occur.

Droughts,floods,

famines occur.

Poor loserespect for govt.They join rebels

& attack landlords.

Poor loserespect for govt.They join rebels

& attack landlords.

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites them.Attack the emperor.

Rebel bands findstrong leader who

unites them.Attack the emperor.

Emperor isdefeated !!

Emperor isdefeated !!

The emperorreforms the govt.& makes it more

efficient.

The emperorreforms the govt.& makes it more

efficient.

Start here

551 – 479 B.C.E.

Born in the feudal state of Liu.

Became a teacher and editor of books.

ConfucianismConfucianism

• Everyone has duties and Everyone has duties and responsibilitiesresponsibilities

• Accept your position in lifeAccept your position in life

• Correct order in life will bring Correct order in life will bring stability (balance is key)stability (balance is key)

• Ruler’s responsibility was to provide Ruler’s responsibility was to provide good governmentgood government

• People’s responsibility was to be People’s responsibility was to be respectful and loyal subjectsrespectful and loyal subjects

TaoismTaoism

• Reject conflict and strife in everyday lifeReject conflict and strife in everyday life

• Seek to live in harmony with natureSeek to live in harmony with nature

• Simplicity in life and the virtue of yielding Simplicity in life and the virtue of yielding to outside pressureto outside pressure

• Greatest image:Water – yields to pressure, Greatest image:Water – yields to pressure, yet is an unstoppable force that causes yet is an unstoppable force that causes immense changesimmense changes

• Best government – one that governs leastBest government – one that governs least

LegalismLegalism• Youngest of the philosophies in Ancient ChinaYoungest of the philosophies in Ancient China• Sought to unite Confucianism with Taoism Sought to unite Confucianism with Taoism

under a strict code for behavior – only through under a strict code for behavior – only through a strict sense of loyalty and unity could peace a strict sense of loyalty and unity could peace and harmony with nature and self be achievedand harmony with nature and self be achieved

• Harsh rules – set down by harsh rulersHarsh rules – set down by harsh rulers• Government control of everything, down to the Government control of everything, down to the

smallest facet of everyday life (made great use smallest facet of everyday life (made great use of paper to get the word out)of paper to get the word out)

• Rulers greatest asset – ability to control the Rulers greatest asset – ability to control the people and provide stabilitypeople and provide stability

• Control and discipline brought unity and Control and discipline brought unity and harmonyharmony

Qin Dynasty: 221-206 B.C.Qin Dynasty: 221-206 B.C.

Established China’s first empireEstablished China’s first empire Legalist rule Legalist rule

– Bureaucratic administrationBureaucratic administration– Centralized controlCentralized control– Military expansionMilitary expansion– Book burnings Book burnings targeted targeted

ConfucianistsConfucianists• Buried protestors alive!Buried protestors alive!

Built large section of the Built large section of the Great WallGreat Wall

The Great Wall with Towers

The Great Wall with Towers

The Eastern terminus of the Great Wall, Shanhai Pass

The Eastern terminus of the Great Wall, Shanhai Pass

Han Dynasty, 206 B.C.-220 ADHan Dynasty, 206 B.C.-220 AD ““People of the Han” People of the Han” original Chinese original Chinese PaperPaper invented [105 BC] invented [105 BC]

Silk RoadSilk Road trade develops; improves life for trade develops; improves life for manymany

Buddhism introduced into ChinaBuddhism introduced into China Empire expanded into Central AsiaEmpire expanded into Central Asia

Trade Routes of the Ancients

Trade Routes of the Ancients

Song [Sung] Dynasty, Song [Sung] Dynasty, 960-1279 BC960-1279 BC

Creation of an urban, merchant, middle class.Creation of an urban, merchant, middle class.

Increased emphasis on education & cheaper Increased emphasis on education & cheaper availability of printed books.availability of printed books.

Magnetic compassMagnetic compass makes China a great makes China a great sea power! sea power!

The MONGOLS The MONGOLS [“Golden Horde”][“Golden Horde”]

Temujin --> Temujin --> Genghis KhanGenghis Khan [“Universal Ruler”] [“Universal Ruler”]– 1162 - 1227 1162 - 1227 – from the from the steppesteppe [dry, grass-covered plains of [dry, grass-covered plains of

Central Asia]Central Asia]

The MONGOLS The MONGOLS [“Golden Horde”][“Golden Horde”]

Genghis Khan’s Tax Laws:Genghis Khan’s Tax Laws:– If you do not pay homage, If you do not pay homage,

we will take your prosperity.we will take your prosperity.

– If you do not have prosperity, If you do not have prosperity, we will take your children.we will take your children.

– If you do not have children, If you do not have children, we will take your wife.we will take your wife.

– If you do not have a wife, If you do not have a wife, we will take your head.we will take your head.

Used cruelty as a weapon Used cruelty as a weapon some areas some areas never recovered from Mongol destruction!never recovered from Mongol destruction!

The Extent of the Mongol Empire

The Extent of the Mongol Empire

Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty, Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty, 1279-1368 C.E.1279-1368 C.E.

Kublai Khan [r. 1260-1294]Kublai Khan [r. 1260-1294]– Pax MongolicaPax Mongolica [“Mongol [“Mongol

Peace”]Peace”]• Tolerated Chinese cultureTolerated Chinese culture

but lived apart from them. but lived apart from them. • Encouraged foreign trade & Encouraged foreign trade &

foreign merchants to live and foreign merchants to live and work in China.work in China. Marco Polo comes Marco Polo comes to Chinato China

Marco Polo Marco Polo (1254-1324)(1254-1324)

A Venetian merchant.A Venetian merchant.

Traveled through YuanTraveled through YuanChina: 1271-1295China: 1271-1295

– ““Black Stones” [coal]Black Stones” [coal]

– Gunpowder.Gunpowder.

– Noodles.Noodles.

China’s last native imperial dynasty!

The Forbidden City: China’s New CapitalThe Forbidden City: China’s New Capital

Revived the Civil Service Exams

Designed to find the “best” governmental officials

Revived the Civil Service Exams

Designed to find the “best” governmental officials

Ming Cultural Revolution

Ming Cultural Revolution

Printing & Literacy Cheap, popular

books: woodblock

printing. cheap paper.

Leads to explosion in literacy.

Leads to further popularization of the commercial market.

Culture & Art Increased

literacy leads to increased interest in cultural expressions, ideas, and things:

Literature. Painting. Ceramics. Opera.

Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644 ADMing Dynasty, 1368-1644 ADGolden Age of Golden Age of

Chinese ArtChinese Art– ModerationModeration– SoftnessSoftness– GracefulnessGracefulness

Three different schools ofThree different schools ofpainting developed.painting developed.

Hundreds of thousands ofHundreds of thousands ofworkers constructed theworkers constructed theForbidden CityForbidden City..

Admiral Zheng He Admiral Zheng He (Cheng Ho)(Cheng Ho)

China’s “Columbus?”

Imperial China’s Impact on Imperial China’s Impact on HistoryHistory

Removed religion from morality.Removed religion from morality.

Beginnings of political philosophy Beginnings of political philosophy through which a ruler must prove he/she through which a ruler must prove he/she is legitimate.is legitimate.

Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven

Secular law.Secular law.

Valued history Valued history The Dynastic CycleThe Dynastic Cycle

The People’s The People’s Republic of ChinaRepublic of China

The People’s The People’s Republic of ChinaRepublic of China

Reasons for the Reasons for the Communists’ Communists’

SuccessSuccess

Reasons for the Reasons for the Communists’ Communists’

SuccessSuccess► Mao won support of peasants – land

► Mao won support of women

► Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics

► Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt

► Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.

Communist China Communist China Under MaoUnder Mao


► Industrialized China► Increased literacy► Class privileges ended► Rural Chinese received health care► One-party dictatorship► Denied people basic rights and freedoms --> Inner Mongolia, Tibet



► Designed to renew revolutionary spirit and establish a more equitable society► Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place► Schools shut down – students revolted► Red Guards – students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers

With regard to the great teacher With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word Chairman Mao, cherish the word

'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao 'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the

word 'Usefullness'. word 'Usefullness'. (1968)(1968)

With regard to the great teacher With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word Chairman Mao, cherish the word

'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao 'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the

word 'Usefullness'. word 'Usefullness'. (1968)(1968)

Cult of Personality

The reddest, reddest, red sun in our The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us heart, Chairman Mao, and us

togethertogetherZhejiang Workers, Farmers and Zhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, Soldiers Art Academy collective,

19681968

The reddest, reddest, red sun in our The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us heart, Chairman Mao, and us

togethertogetherZhejiang Workers, Farmers and Zhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, Soldiers Art Academy collective,

19681968

Mao’s Little Red

Book

Propaganda PosterPropaganda PosterChina in the New China in the New

AgeAge

Propaganda PosterPropaganda PosterChina in the New China in the New

AgeAge

Tiananmen Square, Tiananmen Square, 19891989


More democracy!



Democracy—Our Common Ideal!



The Government Clamps Down



One Lone Man’s Protest



The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In



The Army Looks for Dissidents


Student Leaders Are Arrested



Chinese Students Mourn the Dead

Unit #6 B East Asia (China)

Travel

Transcript of Unit #6 B East Asia (China)