Unit 5: Tasks Readings –Chapter 26: Respiratory System Disorders medication –Chapter 27:...
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Transcript of Unit 5: Tasks Readings –Chapter 26: Respiratory System Disorders medication –Chapter 27:...
Unit 5: Tasks
• Readings– Chapter 26: Respiratory System Disorders
medication– Chapter 27: Circulatory System medication
• Discussion Board
• Seminar
• Assignment
Drugs for Nasal Congestion: Antihistamines
• Antihistamines – tx for allergies! These block the H1 receptor sites, preventing histamine’s action during allergic rhinitis (see p 527 of text)
• Drug tolerance may occur– 1st Generation: -- sedating, short acting examples
-chlorpheniramine (ChlorTrimeton)
-diphenhydramine (Benadryl)– 2nd Generation: -less, or NON-sedating, and much
longer duration of action • Give me an example of a non-sedating antihistamine
Drugs for Nasal Congestion: Decongestants
• Reduce congestion by shrinking swollen mucous membranes of the nasal passage due to the common cold (see p 529-530).
• Often combined with an antihistamine• Oral and nasal preparation are available• Phenylephrine – most widely used, less
elevation of blood pressure, no METH link!• Pseudoephedrine(e.g.,Sudafed) – stimulates the
CNS causing elevated BP, insomnia, agitation … used in Crystal-Meth production!
Glucocorticoids (steroids)
• Nasal Glucocorticoids (Flonase, Nasacort)
• Most effective meds for prolonged seasonal or year-round allergic rhinitis
• Excellent relief of symptoms such as: *congestion, *runny nose, *sneezing, *itching
• What is the suffix for nasal steroids? (page 532):
Asthma medications• Inflammation (edema and mucous plugs)
• Constriction of bronchioles
• Drugs for prevention of symptoms– Inhaled steroids (what is the suffix p. 540)– Singular, cromolyn
• Drugs to treat acute symptoms– Epinephrine– Beta-adrenergic drugs
What is the difference between albuterol and salmeterol (page 539)?
Class exercise
• Sandy has asthma, and she has needed to use her albuterol inhaler more often.
• What questions would you ask her to get more information?
Diseases of the Heart & Vessels• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)decreased blood
flow through coronary arteries from … – Atherosclerosishardening/narrowing of blood
vessels– Statins are especially useful
• Anginaspasms of the cardiac muscle as a result of ischemia (oxygen deprivation)– Nitrates are pivotal in treatment
• Myocardial Infarction (MI, heart attack) heart is deprived of blood supply and tissues become necrotic
• Hypertension (increased blood pressure) >140/90; >120/80 = pre-hypertension– Silent Killer: increased blood flow damages the artery
walls and more likely for plaque formation to occur
ACE inhibitors
• Drugs used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure.
• They stop the body’s ability to produce angiotensin II, a natural substance that causes blood vessels to tighten (contract).
• Relax and expand (dilate) blood vessels, allowing blood to flow more easily.
• Why does vasodialation lower blood pressure?
Ace Inhibitors
• What is the common suffix of generic ACE inhibitors?
• What are some brand names of ACE Inhibitors?
Beta blockers
• This specific class of drugs work to block the binding sites for epinephrine and norepinephrine on the adrenergic receptors (β1 and β2) found primarily on myocardial tissue- although they have other uses.
• By blocking the binding sites of these catecholamines, the overall effect is leads to reduced heart rate, along with increased vasodilation of blood vessels resulting in a lowering of blood pressure in the body
• What is the suffix for generic B-blockers?
Calcium Channel Blockers for HTN, angina
• Interfere with influx of calcium in vascular and smooth muscle
• Reduce ability of vessels to constrict – result is decreased blood pressure
• What is an example of a Calcium channel blocker? (page 572)
Hyperlipidemia
• We all need cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) to form cell membrane and nervous tissue!
• Excessive lipids in circulation leads to hyperlipidemia and potential for atherosclerosis (plaques which accumulate and harden the artery walls)
• HDL(‘good cholesterol’) - high density lipoproteins carry cholesterol out of blood stream and into liver for storage;
• LDL(‘bad’ cholesterol) - low density lipoproteins carry cholesterol from the liver to the blood stream
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
• Give me an example of a Statin (page 574) What is the common suffix?
• Most effective agents to lower TOTAL cholesterol and LDL levels
• Must be continued for life to reduce the progression of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
• Major side effect: rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown, symptom is muscle-aches)
• Other SE’s: Headache, cramping
Which suffix is frequently used in the generic names of a beta-blocker?
• A. -olol
• B. -ipine
• C. -statin
• D. -pril
Class exercise: Working in a medical office
• Turn to page 580 in your textbook
• Let’s review the Scenario presented in the book.
• Questions?