Ch. 1 - Matter I. States of Matter Kinetic Energy States of Matter.
UNIT 2 The States of Matter - juntadeandalucia.es · 2. THE STATES OF MATTER 2.1. THE THREE STATES...
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Physics and Chemistry UNIT 2 2º ESO IES ÁNGEL DE SAAVEDRA 2. THE STATES OF MATTER 2.1. THE THREE STATES OF MATTER Every substance can take on several distinct forms called phases or states of aggregation of matter. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. There are several other states (liquid crystal, superfluid, Bose–Einstein condensates…) but these only occur in extreme situations such as ultracold or ultradense matter. Substances can move from one phase to another if certain physical conditions, like temperature, change. Example: Each state has different macroscopic 1 properties: SOLID LIQUID GAS Fixed volume and shape Assumes the shape of the bottom part of the container they occupy, with a free surface at the top Assumes the shape and whole volume of its container Not easily compressible 2 . Not easily compressible Easily compressible Does not flow easily Flows quite easily Flows very easily Both gases and liquids are called fluids due to their capacity to flow. 1 “Macroscopic” It means large enough to be visible to the naked eye. 2 When you “compress” something, you measure out a certain amount of material and force it into a smaller volume. • Copy in your notebook the diagram that shows the macroscopic property of each state and learn it. • Write the new vocabulary and search the meaning. • Go to this youtube video and answer the questions at the end of the unit. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5x2S4iWDm8 • Click and do the test: http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zccmn39/test
Transcript of UNIT 2 The States of Matter - juntadeandalucia.es · 2. THE STATES OF MATTER 2.1. THE THREE STATES...
PhysicsandChemistryUNIT2 2ºESOIESÁNGELDESAAVEDRA
2.THESTATESOFMATTER
2.1.THETHREESTATESOFMATTER
Every substance can takeon several distinct forms calledphasesor states ofaggregationof matter. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid,liquid, gas, and plasma.There are several other states (liquid crystal, superfluid,Bose–Einstein condensates…) but theseonly occur in extreme situations such asultracoldorultradensematter.
Substances canmove from one phase to another if certain physical conditions, liketemperature,change.Example:
Each state has different macroscopic1 properties:
SOLID LIQUID GAS
Fixed volume and shape Assumes the shape of the
bottom part of the container they occupy, with a free
surface at the top
Assumes the shape and whole volume of its container
Not easily compressible2.
Not easily compressible
Easily compressible
Does not flow easily
Flows quite easily
Flows very easily
Bothgasesandliquidsarecalledfluidsduetotheircapacitytoflow.1“Macroscopic” It means large enough to be visible to the naked eye. 2When you “compress” something, you measure out a certain amount of material and force it into a smaller volume.
• Copyinyournotebookthediagramthatshowsthemacroscopicpropertyofeachstateandlearnit.
• Writethenewvocabularyandsearchthemeaning.
• Go to this youtube video and answer the questions at the end of the unit.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5x2S4iWDm8
• Clickanddothetest:http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zccmn39/test
PhysicsandChemistryUNIT2 2ºESOIESÁNGELDESAAVEDRA2.2.THEKINETICTHEORY
Thekineticparticletheoryexplainsthepropertiesofthedifferentstatesofmatter.Theparticlesinsolids,liquidsandgaseshavedifferentamountsofenergy.Theyarearrangeddifferentlyandmoveindifferentways.
The tablebelowsummarises thearrangementandmovementof theparticles in solids, liquidsandgases,andshowssimplediagramsforthearrangementoftheparticles.
Diagramofparticlearrangementandmovement
SolidsThetableshowssomeofthepropertiesofsolidsandwhytheyarelikethis.
Property WhySolidshaveafixedshapeandcannotflow Theparticlescannotmovefromplacetoplace
Solidscannotbecompressedorsquashed Theparticlesareclosetogetherandhavenospacetomoveinto
LiquidsThetableshowssomeofthepropertiesofliquidsandwhytheyarelikethis.
Property WhyLiquidsflowandtaketheshapeoftheircontainer Theparticlescanmovearoundeachother
Liquidscannotbecompressedorsquashed Theparticlesareclosetogetherandhavenospacetomoveinto
GasesThetableshowssomeofthepropertiesofgasesandwhytheyarelikethis.
Property WhyGasesflowandcompletelyfilltheircontainer Theparticlescanmovequicklyinalldirections
Gasescanbecompressedorsquashed Theparticlesarefarapartandhavespacetomoveinto
PhysicsandChemistryUNIT2 2ºESOIESÁNGELDESAAVEDRA• Draw in your notebook a diagram of particles for solids, liquids and gases according with the
Kinetictheoryanddescribetheirproperties.
2.3.STATECHANGES
Substances can exist as a solid, liquid or gas. Converting from one state to another usuallyinvolvesheatingorcooling.
• Heatmustbesuppliedtoasubstanceforittomelt,evaporateorboil.Forexample,youneedtoheaticetomeltit,andyouneedtoheatwatertomakesteam.
• Heatmustberemovedfromasubstancetocondenseorfreezeit.Inotherwords,thesubstancemustbecooleddown.
Under certain conditions, some solids turn straight into a gaswhenheated. This process is calledsublimation.Agoodexample is solid carbondioxide,also called ‘dry ice’.Atatmosphericpressure, itturnsstraightintogaseouscarbondioxide.
Liquidcarbondioxidecanonlyexistunderhighpressure, suchas in fireextinguishers. Iodinealsosublimes-itturnsdirectlyfromshinypurple-blackcrystalstoapurplevapourwhenwarmedup.
Changingthepressure
Agaswillalsoliquefy(turnintoaliquid)ifitspressureisincreasedenough.Thisisbecausetheparticlesaremovedcloseenoughforbondstoformbetweentheparticles.
Gas cylinders used for camping stoves and barbecues contain liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)underhighpressure.Assoonasthepressureisreleased,theliquidturnsbacktoagas.
• Drawinyournotebookadiagramwiththenameofthechangesofstateandlearnthem.
Questionsaboutthevideo:
§ Whatismatter?
§ Whatarethefivestatesofmatterthatareshowedinthevideo?
§ Matterneedsa_____________________temperaturetobeinBoseEinsteincondensatestate.
§ DescribethesolidcharacteristicaccordingtothevideoandtheKineticTheory.
§ Gasparticleshas_______bigspacebetweenthemand_______kineticenergy.
§ Plasmaisthe____________________stateintheuniverse.
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Across:
2. Air is an example of a _________.
4. ________ in the sky are made from water vapor.
6. ________ take the shape of their containers.
7. ________ can be a liquid solid or gas depending on the temperature.
9. There are three basic states of ________.
Down:
1. ______ is the amount of matter an object has.
3. ______ have a definite shape and volume.
5. ______ is the amount of space that matter takes up.
8. All matter is made up of tiny particles called ______.
.
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Across:
2. Air is an example of a _________.
4. ________ in the sky are made from water vapor.
6. ________ take the shape of their containers.
7. ________ can be a liquid solid or gas depending on the temperature.
9. There are three basic states of ________.
Down:
1. ______ is the amount of matter an object has.
3. ______ have a definite shape and volume.
5. ______ is the amount of space that matter takes up.
8. All matter is made up of tiny particles called ______.
.
Complete the crossword:
Puzzle:
PhysicsandChemistryUNIT2 2ºESOIESÁNGELDESAAVEDRA2.4.WORKSHEET.Answerthenextquestioninyournotebook:
1. Whatarethe3morecommonformsofmatterontheearth?a. solidb. plasmac. liquidd. gas
2. Thisstateofmatterhasnodefiniteshapeorvolume.
a. plasmab. gasc. liquidd. solid
3. Asolidisastateofmatterthathasadefinitevolume,butnotadefiniteshape.
a. Trueb. False
4. Asubstancewhichtakestheshapeofitscontainerandhasadefinitevolumeisa
a. solidb. liquidc. gasd. crystal
5. Particlesofmatterthatmovefaster(likeinagas)havemoreofwhat?
a. energyb. massc. colord. weight
6. Trueorfalse?Theparticlesofagasarepackedtightlytogether.
7. Trueorfalse?Gasesarehardtocompress.
8. Trueorfalse?Liquidsareeasytocompress.
9. Theparticlesinaliquidare
a. closertogetherthaninasolidandfurtherapartinagasb. arespacedthesameasinsolidsandgasesc. closerthaningasesbutfurtherapartinsolidsd. noneoftheabove
10. Theprocessbywhichliquidchangesintoagasiscalled_________________
11. Whenasolidchangestoaliquid,whatisitcalled?
12. Whenagasreachesitscondensationpoint,whatdoesitbecome?
13. Whatisitcalledwhenasolidchangesdirectlyintoagas?
14. Whensolidsreachtheirmeltingpoints,whatdotheybecome?
