UNIT 2: ATOMS, ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

Chapter 4: Properties of Elements and Compounds (Page 136-175)

Pearl Harbour, HawaiiUSS Arizona

4.1 Studying Matter (Pages 136-148)

Homework: Page 148 # 1-5, 8

Key concepts: (Page148) • When studying matter, it is important to know

the location of safety equipment in your classroom and the meanings of the safety icons and WHMIS symbols.

• Matter can be classified according to its composition, as mixtures or pure substances.

• An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances through physical or chemical methods.

• A compound is a pure substance that is composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined. A compound can be broken down into its elements only by chemical methods.

• The production and use of new chemicals can have both negative and positive consequences. Benefits must be weighed against negative consequences

Classification of Matter:

1. Copy down Figure 4.3:

Matter

Mixture Pure Substances

Mechanical Mixture Solution Element Compound

2. What is matter?

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies

space.

Particle Theory of Matter:

3. List the particle Theory of Matter.• All matter is made up of tiny particles.• Each pure substance has its own kind of

particle which is different from the particles of other pure substances.

• Particles attract each other.• Particles are always moving.• Particles at a higher temperature move faster,

on average, than particles at a lower temperature.

4. What are two classification of matter according to the particle theory of matter? List examples of each

Matter

Mixture Pure substancesMatter that contains more than Matter that containsthan one kind of particle. only one kind of particle.

Examples:Water is a pure substance but salt water is a mixture of saltdissolved in water.Oxygen gas is a pure substance but the air we breathe is amixture of gases that includes nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxideand other components.

5. What are the two types of pure substances? Describe each one and list examples of each.

Pure substances

Element Compoundis a pure substance that cannot be is a pure substance that is made

broken down further by chemical or of two or more different elements

physical methods that are chemically combined

zinc, copper, gold, helium salt (sodium chloride), water

6. Differentiate between a compound and a mixture?

A compound has two or more different elements that are chemically combined. While a mixture has two or more particles or has more than one kind of particles.

7. List different ways on how to separate mixtures.

filtering or sifting,

distillation, evaporation,

use of magnets, and by hand

9. Name an element that is part of your everyday life, and describe how you use it.

Gold/Silver: wear as a part of jewellery

Oxygen: inhaled and transported by our

respiratory system

Chemistry, Society, and the Environment:

10. Summarize some of the important issues related to the use and production of chemicals by completing the table below.

Issue- Industrial Waste Production

Use of Fertilizers and Pesticides

Consumer Products Packaging/Disposal

Application-Manufacturing

Farming/Aquaculture/Horticulture

Advantage or Disadvantage- Computer Hardware Disposal