Atoms Elements Compounds
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Transcript of Atoms Elements Compounds
Atoms, Elements, Compounds, and Ions
• Atom
• basic building block of all matter
• Element
•Substance that consists of only one type of atom.
•Molecule has two different atoms.
• Compound
• substance that consists of more than one type of
element.
• Ion
• substance that has a positive or negative charge
Atoms have:
• A nucleus• small, heavy part of the atom
•An electron cloud• large, lightweight part of the atom
Nucleus Electron Cloud
Nucleus of an AtomNucleus of an Atom
• Nucleus contains:
N
• Protons
• Have a positive charge• All atoms are distinguished by the number of protons it has (atomic number)
• Neutrons
• Have no charge• Have same mass as protons
N
N
e-
e-
Electron Cloud of an AtomElectron Cloud of an Atom
An electron cloud contains:
• Electrons
• determine bonding properties of substance
• have a very small mass compared to protons and neutrons
• orbit the nucleus of the atom
• are contained within shells of the electron cloud
• have a negative charge
Atom Structure
+1
-1
Electron
Proton
Neutron
+1
-1
Atomic number = number of protons = number of
electrons
Atomic mass =
number of protons + number of neutrons
Example :Element Symbol Atomic
numberAtomicMass
Number of
Protons
Number of
Neutrons
Number of
Electrons
Calcium Ca 20 40 20 20 20
Aluminum Al 13 27 13 14 13
Nickel Ni 28 59 28 31 28
Atomic number = number of protons = number of electrons
Atomic mass = number of protons + number of neutrons
Neutrons = atomic mass – number of protons
ElementsElementsElements contain one or more of the same type of atom!
Examples include:
Oxygen – 8 protons per atomOxygen – 8 protons per atom
Copper – 29 protons per atomCopper – 29 protons per atom
Gold – 79 protons per atomGold – 79 protons per atom
Carbon – 6 protons per atomCarbon – 6 protons per atom
Hydrogen – 1 proton per atomHydrogen – 1 proton per atom
Compounds contain more than one type of atom!Example of organic compound (a compound with carbon atoms):
Example of inorganic compound (a compound with no carbon atoms):
Carbon Dioxide – CO2 (1 atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen)
Water – H2O (2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen)
+ -
An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge!!
A particle with a neutral charge has the same number of protons and electrons.
An ion does not have the same number of electrons and protons.
• He+ - A helium atom that is missing one electron. The atom has one more proton than electron, and must have a positive charge.
•CO32- - Carbonate has two more electrons than protons
Examples of ions:
Lets take a look deep inside
Lets take a look deep inside
Lets take a look deep inside
Lets take a look deep inside
This is a Proton.
Positive Charge weighs ONE
Tells what type of atom it is
GIRL
This is a Proton.
Positive Charge weighs ONE
Tells what type of atom it is
GIRL
This is a Proton.
Positive Charge weighs ONE
Tells what type of atom it is
GIRL
This is a Proton.
Positive Charge weighs ONE
Tells what type of atom it is
GIRL
This is a Neutron No Charge, Weighs One
NUN (does not date)
This is a Proton.
Positive Charge weighs ONE
Tells what type of atom it is
GIRL
This is a Neutron No Charge, Weighs ONE
NUN (does not date)
This is an Electron No Weight Negative charge BOY
Element Guide
Element Guide
2
Element Guide
2
Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)
Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)
He
Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)
He
Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)
HeExplains name of the element.
Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)
HeExplains name of the element.
4
Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)
HeExplains name of the element.
4
Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)
HeExplains name of the element.
4Explains the total atomic weight-The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons. Atomic mass
Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)
HeExplains name of the element.
4Explains the total atomic weight-The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons.
Seatwork: Supply the blanks with the correct answer
Name of Element
Symbol Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
Number of
Protons
Number of Neutrons
Number of
Electrons
Fluorine F 10 9
Neon Ne 10 10
Lead Pb 207 82
Zinc Zn 30 35
Argon Ar 22 18
Answer: Supply the blanks with the correct answer
Name of Element
Symbol Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
Number of
Protons
Number of Neutrons
Number of
Electrons
Fluorine F 9 19 9 10 9
Neon Ne 10 20 10 10 10
Lead Pb 82 207 82 125 82
Zinc Zn 30 65 30 35 30
Argon Ar 18 40 18 22 18