Unit 10: Flowers & Foliage Chapter 23. Unit 10: Flowers & Foliage Unit 10 Objectives: Unit 10...
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Transcript of Unit 10: Flowers & Foliage Chapter 23. Unit 10: Flowers & Foliage Unit 10 Objectives: Unit 10...
Unit 10: Flowers Unit 10: Flowers & Foliage& Foliage
Chapter 23Chapter 23
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Unit 10 Objectives:Unit 10 Objectives: Identify types of flower/foliage plants Identify types of flower/foliage plants
people buy in different times of the yearpeople buy in different times of the year Time from planting to income Time from planting to income
productionproduction Understand watering precautionsUnderstand watering precautions Transplanting indoor flowers/foliage to Transplanting indoor flowers/foliage to
the outdoorsthe outdoors The greenhouse environmentThe greenhouse environment
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Flower BusinessFlower Business People buy flowers at different times of People buy flowers at different times of
the year for different reasonsthe year for different reasons
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Floriculture contributes $3 b to the economy Floriculture contributes $3 b to the economy each yreach yr
Herbaceous PerennialsHerbaceous Perennials Classified as herbaceous if the top dies back Classified as herbaceous if the top dies back
to the ground each winter, grows new stems to the ground each winter, grows new stems each yreach yr
Classified as woody if the top persistsClassified as woody if the top persists AdvantagesAdvantages
Don’t have to replant each yrDon’t have to replant each yr The flower bed can change colors as one variety The flower bed can change colors as one variety
flowers, then anotherflowers, then another
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Not as necessary to deadheadNot as necessary to deadhead DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Only bloom 2-3 wksOnly bloom 2-3 wks Require pruningRequire pruning
May require transplanting every 2-3 yrsMay require transplanting every 2-3 yrs Growing PerennialsGrowing Perennials
KeysKeys Proper soil preparationProper soil preparation PlanningPlanning Occasional maintenanceOccasional maintenance
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
SelectionSelection Site influences the species grownSite influences the species grown
What might be an example?What might be an example? Most prefer 6-8 hrs sun/dMost prefer 6-8 hrs sun/d May have to consider wind protection for May have to consider wind protection for
taller varietiestaller varieties PlanningPlanning
Color combinationsColor combinations Height coordinationHeight coordination Bloom sequencingBloom sequencing Plan on graph paper carefullyPlan on graph paper carefully
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Properly planned perennial gardens will have flowers Properly planned perennial gardens will have flowers that bloom in each seasonthat bloom in each season
Spring, early summer, midsummer, late Spring, early summer, midsummer, late summer/fallsummer/fall
Plant in driftsPlant in drifts Taller varieties to the back to act as a borderTaller varieties to the back to act as a border
SpacingSpacing 6-12” for dwarf plants6-12” for dwarf plants 12-18” for medium sizes12-18” for medium sizes 18-36” for tall plants18-36” for tall plants
Soil PreparationSoil Preparation Good drainage necessaryGood drainage necessary
Don’t want it excessively moist during winter Don’t want it excessively moist during winter dormancydormancy
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Incorporate organic matter or peat moss to Incorporate organic matter or peat moss to improve drainageimprove drainage
Prepare in the fallPrepare in the fall Especially good in raised bedsEspecially good in raised beds
PlantingPlanting Usually planted in the spring (Apr – May)Usually planted in the spring (Apr – May) Mail order nurseries will often ship bare-rootedMail order nurseries will often ship bare-rooted
Plant ASAPPlant ASAP Potted perennialsPotted perennials
Plant throughout the growing seasonPlant throughout the growing season If exposed to the outside temps through the If exposed to the outside temps through the
winter – can be planted in early springwinter – can be planted in early spring Greenhouse grown – after last frostGreenhouse grown – after last frost
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Cover exposed crowns after planting to protectCover exposed crowns after planting to protect Weed-free bedWeed-free bed Grow best if planted before Oct 1 to ensure good Grow best if planted before Oct 1 to ensure good
rootingrooting WateringWatering
Most need supplemental water until well establishedMost need supplemental water until well established 1”/wk 1”/wk
Once established – only water during dry periodsOnce established – only water during dry periods Water preferred over the soil rather than overhead Water preferred over the soil rather than overhead
to prevent disease and shallow rootingto prevent disease and shallow rooting FertilizationFertilization
Incorporate a 4-12-4 or 5-10-5 @ 2-3 lbs/100 sq ft Incorporate a 4-12-4 or 5-10-5 @ 2-3 lbs/100 sq ft before plantingbefore planting
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Established plantsEstablished plants Bone meal, superphosphate (0-19-0) in spring Bone meal, superphosphate (0-19-0) in spring
will be most beneficialwill be most beneficial MaintenanceMaintenance
May have to stake taller varietiesMay have to stake taller varieties Pinching back will produce bushier growthPinching back will produce bushier growth Mulch helps control weedsMulch helps control weeds
Not too much mulch around the crown – will Not too much mulch around the crown – will hold too much moisture, results in diseasehold too much moisture, results in disease
Winter protectionWinter protection Most injured by heaving, not cold tempsMost injured by heaving, not cold temps Mulch will help protectMulch will help protect
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Make sure the mulch isn’t too tight or thickMake sure the mulch isn’t too tight or thick Dividing & transplantingDividing & transplanting
Maintains plant vigor & maximum flower productionMaintains plant vigor & maximum flower production Usually every 3-4 yrsUsually every 3-4 yrs Some should never be dividedSome should never be divided
Timing is criticalTiming is critical Midsummer to fall bloom – divide in early spring Midsummer to fall bloom – divide in early spring
before too much growthbefore too much growth Spring to early summer – divide in the fall, after Spring to early summer – divide in the fall, after
foliage diesfoliage dies ProcedureProcedure
Dig hole large enough to catch all the rootsDig hole large enough to catch all the roots Carefully avoid root damageCarefully avoid root damage
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Divide outside off first – more vigorous new Divide outside off first – more vigorous new growthgrowth
Clean off all other soilClean off all other soil May want to cut top back to 6”May want to cut top back to 6” Break apart by hand, or with sharp knifeBreak apart by hand, or with sharp knife Replant ASAPReplant ASAP
Diseases & InsectsDiseases & Insects Usually very healthy plantsUsually very healthy plants Remove any dead plant materialRemove any dead plant material
PropagationPropagation From tipsFrom tips Root cuttingsRoot cuttings
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Flowering AnnualsFlowering Annuals Will only persist if they reseed Will only persist if they reseed
themselvesthemselves Must be planted each yrMust be planted each yr AdvantagesAdvantages
VersatileVersatile SturdySturdy CheapCheap Easy to growEasy to grow Produce instant colorProduce instant color
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Bloom for most of the growing seasonBloom for most of the growing season Allow for experimentationAllow for experimentation
ColorColor HeightHeight TextureTexture FormForm
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Replant each yrReplant each yr Constant deadheading to maintain floweringConstant deadheading to maintain flowering May begin to look worn out by late summerMay begin to look worn out by late summer
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
UsesUses Fill spaces until permanent plantings are Fill spaces until permanent plantings are
preparedprepared Extending perennial bedsExtending perennial beds Fill holesFill holes Cover spring blooming bulbsCover spring blooming bulbs Fill planters, window boxes, hanging Fill planters, window boxes, hanging
basketsbaskets Plant along fences, walkwaysPlant along fences, walkways Create seasonal colorCreate seasonal color
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Site Selection & PreparationSite Selection & Preparation Different species have different Different species have different
environmental preferencesenvironmental preferences Fall soil preparation is bestFall soil preparation is best Ensure good drainageEnsure good drainage Incorporate organic matterIncorporate organic matter Use proper fertilizerUse proper fertilizer
Seed SelectionSeed Selection Buy good, viable seedBuy good, viable seed Old seed is less vigorous, reduced Old seed is less vigorous, reduced
germinationgermination
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Buy hybrid varietiesBuy hybrid varieties More uniform sizeMore uniform size Increased plant vigorIncreased plant vigor Better quality flowersBetter quality flowers
Starting Plants IndoorsStarting Plants Indoors Use clean containersUse clean containers Fill to 2/3 capacityFill to 2/3 capacity Plant at proper depthPlant at proper depth Bottom heat is helpfulBottom heat is helpful 60-75º ideal 60-75º ideal Use mild fertilizer after plants begin growthUse mild fertilizer after plants begin growth
Low nutrient content is best at plantingLow nutrient content is best at planting
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Planting TimesPlanting Times Wait till after last frost Wait till after last frost <60º soil temp will reduce germination & <60º soil temp will reduce germination &
growthgrowth Sowing Seed OutdoorsSowing Seed Outdoors
Sow in vermiculite filled furrowsSow in vermiculite filled furrows Germination is often reducedGermination is often reduced
Soil crusting reduces water presenceSoil crusting reduces water presence 1/2” depth1/2” depth Easy to overwaterEasy to overwater
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Setting out TransplantsSetting out Transplants Can have flowers sooner than growing from Can have flowers sooner than growing from
seedsseeds Buy only healthy plantsBuy only healthy plants Harden off properlyHarden off properly Plant in a hole that will hold all the roots Plant in a hole that will hold all the roots
comfortablycomfortably Setting PlantsSetting Plants
Remove paper from a fiber pot and plantRemove paper from a fiber pot and plant Remove upper part to conserve moisture to around Remove upper part to conserve moisture to around
the plantthe plant Will create a wick effectWill create a wick effect
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
ThinningThinning Thin to recommended spacing for best resultsThin to recommended spacing for best results
Especially in outdoor-grown plantsEspecially in outdoor-grown plants 8-12” general recommended spacing8-12” general recommended spacing
Ensures proper amounts of:Ensures proper amounts of: LightLight WaterWater NutrientsNutrients SpaceSpace
WateringWatering Water enough to keep soil moist (don’t get Water enough to keep soil moist (don’t get
soggy)soggy) Drip systems are idealDrip systems are ideal
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Don’t want to wet flowers or foliageDon’t want to wet flowers or foliage More susceptible to diseaseMore susceptible to disease
MulchingMulching Keeps soil surface from crustingKeeps soil surface from crusting Prevents weedsPrevents weeds
CultivationCultivation Keep soil surface from crustingKeep soil surface from crusting Pull weeds by handPull weeds by hand
Feeder roots from flower to flower may be Feeder roots from flower to flower may be injured if you mechanically cultivateinjured if you mechanically cultivate
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Stirs and uncovers weed seedsStirs and uncovers weed seeds DeadheadingDeadheading
Remove spent flowers and seeds podsRemove spent flowers and seeds pods Ageratum, calendula, cosmos, marigolds, Ageratum, calendula, cosmos, marigolds,
pansy, zinnia, petunias, etcpansy, zinnia, petunias, etc StakingStaking
Support for bad weather for tall plantsSupport for bad weather for tall plants 6” shorter than the mature plant6” shorter than the mature plant Begin when they are 1/3 of mature heightBegin when they are 1/3 of mature height
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
FertilizingFertilizing Ensure proper soil nutrientsEnsure proper soil nutrients
Soil testingSoil testing Prior knowledgePrior knowledge
Add to damp soilAdd to damp soil Apply w/ wateringApply w/ watering
BulbsBulbs Contain embryonic plant & stored foodContain embryonic plant & stored food
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Site Selection & SoilSite Selection & Soil Well-drained loamWell-drained loam Use organic matterUse organic matter
PlantingPlanting Bulb planter, hand trowel, or nursery spadeBulb planter, hand trowel, or nursery spade Planted in fall/spring (depending on variety)Planted in fall/spring (depending on variety) Follow depth recommendations for each Follow depth recommendations for each
varietyvariety FertilizingFertilizing
Small amount of fertilizer covered w/ soil on Small amount of fertilizer covered w/ soil on bottom of bed before planting (5-10-5)bottom of bed before planting (5-10-5)
Small amount in the springSmall amount in the spring
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Care & FloweringCare & Flowering Dig up after foliage turns yellow & diesDig up after foliage turns yellow & dies Some must be dug each yr to maintain the Some must be dug each yr to maintain the
best flowersbest flowers Tulips, hyacinthsTulips, hyacinths
Others only need to be dug every 3-5 yrsOthers only need to be dug every 3-5 yrs Daffodil, crocus, lillyDaffodil, crocus, lilly
Dust w/ a pesticide to prevent infestationDust w/ a pesticide to prevent infestation Store in peat moss or sawdustStore in peat moss or sawdust
Bulb Pest & DiseasesBulb Pest & Diseases Keep bed weed and trash free Keep bed weed and trash free
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Use chemicals only if necessaryUse chemicals only if necessary Forcing BulbsForcing Bulbs
Artificially breaking dormancyArtificially breaking dormancy Pot & store at 40-50º for 10-12 wksPot & store at 40-50º for 10-12 wks Bring into a cool room w/ partial lightBring into a cool room w/ partial light Will then bloom after taken from cool Will then bloom after taken from cool
storage w/in 5 wksstorage w/in 5 wks
Flowering House PlantsFlowering House Plants Several keys to growing good flowering Several keys to growing good flowering
house plantshouse plants
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
LightLight Know proper light requirementsKnow proper light requirements 5 categories5 categories
Full sun: >5 hrs direct sun/dFull sun: >5 hrs direct sun/d Some direct sun: brightly lit, <5 hrs direct sun/dSome direct sun: brightly lit, <5 hrs direct sun/d Bright indirect light: considerable light, no direct Bright indirect light: considerable light, no direct
sunsun Partial shade: indirect light, various Partial shade: indirect light, various
intensities/durationsintensities/durations Shade: poorly lit, away from windowsShade: poorly lit, away from windows
TemperatureTemperature Constant temps are bestConstant temps are best 60-68º ideal60-68º ideal
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Water/HumidityWater/Humidity Water requirements are not as high as we thinkWater requirements are not as high as we think Many die from overwateringMany die from overwatering Water only when they are a little dryWater only when they are a little dry Must have good drainageMust have good drainage Can bottom or top waterCan bottom or top water
General CareGeneral Care 5-5-5 fertilizer will usually provide ample nutrients5-5-5 fertilizer will usually provide ample nutrients Slow release will eliminate risk for burningSlow release will eliminate risk for burning Don’t fertilize a dormant or overly dry plantDon’t fertilize a dormant or overly dry plant Collect dead leavesCollect dead leaves Loosen crusted soilLoosen crusted soil
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
RepottingRepotting Repot no more than 2” greater than Repot no more than 2” greater than
previous potprevious pot Only after flowers have fadedOnly after flowers have faded Remove damaged/unhealthy rootsRemove damaged/unhealthy roots
PropagationPropagation Depends on type of plantDepends on type of plant Generally leaf/stem cuttingsGenerally leaf/stem cuttings
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
The Greenhouse EnvironmentThe Greenhouse Environment 3 purposes3 purposes
Controlled environment for plants grown on Controlled environment for plants grown on large scalelarge scale
Grow plants when not possible outdoorsGrow plants when not possible outdoors Extend growing season for plants that would go Extend growing season for plants that would go
dormantdormant Should receive maximum amount of sunlightShould receive maximum amount of sunlight Should control:Should control:
TempTemp MoistureMoisture VentilationVentilation ClimateClimate
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
Humidity is important to help maintain Humidity is important to help maintain shape & nutrient transportshape & nutrient transport
VentilationVentilation Exchanging air is crucial for optimal growthExchanging air is crucial for optimal growth Ensures proper temp & humidityEnsures proper temp & humidity
Climate affects heating/cooling systemsClimate affects heating/cooling systems FeaturesFeatures
Various base materialsVarious base materials CoversCovers
Glass, soft plastic, acrylic panels, poly panelsGlass, soft plastic, acrylic panels, poly panels
Unit 10: Flowers & Unit 10: Flowers & FoliageFoliage
No homework on this unit!No homework on this unit! Exam 3 next timeExam 3 next time
Open notes/bookOpen notes/book Units 6-10Units 6-10 MustMust make arrangements for notes make arrangements for notes
before you leave!before you leave!