Microprocessors and Assembly Language Programming(CS-208)

Topics:

Overview & Objectives of the Course

Introduction to Microprocessors

2

Overview & Objectives

1. Introduction to Microprocessors Working & Architecture

2. Interfacing Memory & Input/Output devices with a Microprocessor

3. Instruction Set of a Microprocessor 4. Writing Assembly Language Programs

for a Microprocessor5. Developing Microprocessor based

applications

3

Introduction : Microprocessors

CPUInput Output

Memory

Components of a Computer System

4

What is a CPU?

Central Processing Unit

CPU

Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU)

Control Unit

Register Memory

5

What is a Microprocessor?

It is a CPU on a single chip

Microprocessor

Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU)

Control Unit

Register Memory

Intel 4004

‘First single chip 4- bit microprocessor’

6

Microprocessor and its Applications

Personal ComputersConsumer ElectronicsIndustrial Process ControlAutomobilesAir Traffic Control SystemMedical Equipment

7

Microprocessor based System Design

Microprocessor

I/O Interface

I/O Devices

Memory Interface

Memory Devices

System Bus

8

What is a System Bus?

It consists of the following– Address Bus– Data Bus– Control Bus

What is a Bus?– A group of lines used to transfer bits between

microprocessor an other system components like memory and I/O devices

9

Microprocessor-based Temperature Measurement and Display System

Microprocessor

Analogto

DigitalConverter

TemperatureSensor

ProgramMemory

(ROM)RAM

System Bus

Input Port

Output Port

LCD

10

Microprocessor Structure & Operation

Three main componentsMicroprocessor

Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU)

Control Unit

Register Array

Performs Arithmetic and Logic operations on data

Provides necessary timing and control signals

Provides few temporary storage locations

11

Operation of a Microprocessor

A microprocessor executes instructions given by a user

User Instructions are stored in memory A microprocessor

1. Fetches instruction from memory

2. Decodes instruction (determines ACTION)

3. Executes instruction (takes ACTION)

– Repeats steps 1 2 3 for all the instructions

12

Microprocessor Evolution

1971 4004 4-bit

1972 8008 8-bit

1974 8080 8-bit

1976 8085 8-bit

1978 8086 16-bit

1979 8088 8-bit

1982 80286 16-bit

1985 80386 32-bit

1989 80486 32-bit

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1993 Pentium 64-bit

1995 Pentium Pro 64-bit

1997 Pentium II 64-bit

1999 Pentium III 64-bit

2000 Pentium IV 64-bit

2001 Itanium 64-bit