UNICEF Water and Sanitation Programming Clarissa Brocklehurst.
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Transcript of UNICEF Water and Sanitation Programming Clarissa Brocklehurst.
UNICEF Water and Sanitation
Programming Clarissa Brocklehurst
Poorest 20% Richest 20%Fourth 20%Third 20%Second 20%
Prepared by UNICEF Statistics and Monitoring Section, April 2010Source: NFHS (DHS) 1993, 1999, 2006
India, sanitation trends analysis by wealth quintiles
Bangladesh, sanitation trends analysis by wealth quintiles
Poorest 20% Richest 20%Fourth 20%Third 20%Second 20%
Prepared by UNICEF Statistics and Monitoring Section, April 2010Source: DHS 1994, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2007
What are these people doing?
Participatory Mapping
Community Action Plan
Households build latrines
CATS9
UNICEF
Open Defecation Free Communities
The richest in sub-Saharan Africa are almost five times more likely to use
improved sanitation than the poorest
The richest in sub-Saharan Africa are twice as likely to use an improved drinking water
source than the poorest
Large disparities in access remain between different socio-economic groups
Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme on Water and Sanitation (JMP)Prepared by UNICEF Statistics and Monitoring Section, May 2010
urban - rural inequity
• the number of people living in rural areas who do not use an improved source of drinking water is over five times the number living in urban areas
• 84% of the world population without improved drinking water lives in rural areas
• only 45% of rural population uses improved sanitation, vs 76% in urban areas
• seven out of ten people without improved sanitation live in rural areas
Prepared by UNICEF Statistics and Monitoring Section, April 2010Note: Selected MICS-3 countries for illustration purposes only
Water on premises largely an urban privilege, while poorest in rural areas spent most time on collecting drinking water
Urban Rural
Source: Burkina Faso MICS 2006 and Kenya DHS 2003
Burkina Faso
Kenya
%
%%
%
Prepared by UNICEF Statistics and Monitoring Section, April 2010
Global trends of WASH aid
Source: UN-Water GLAAS 2010 Report
Poor targeting to unserved and poor populations
Source: UN-Water GLAAS 2010 Report
Current management models are not keeping handpumps working!
How to create “voice” for rural dwellers?
• Does too much of our rural water supply programming stem from a “charity” approach?
• Could self supply help? How to ensure affordability?
• How to make rural dwellers “clients”?• What governance structures help?• Have we in fact put too much responsibility
onto rural communities?
Government and donor money is NOT the most important source of finance for rural water supply
• regional inequity - in general, Sub Saharan Africa lags behind badly on both water and sanitation, South Asia on sanitation (though stil not as badly in percentage terms than SSA)
• worldwide, 37% of people not using an improved source of drinking water live in Sub Saharan Africa
• water supply coverage in sub-saharan Africa is only 60 percent, while the global total is 87%
• sanitation coverage in Sub Saharan Africa is only 31 percent, while globally it is 61 %
• sanitation coverage is South Asia is only 36 percent, while while globally it is 61%