UNEP Ozone SecretariatWorkshop on HFC management: technical issues

Overview of HFC Market Sectors

Presentation by

Lambert Kuijpers, Ray Gluckman and Sukumar Devotta

Bangkok, April 20th 2015

Presentation Contents

• Introduction Lambert Kuijpers

• Details about Ray Gluckman

– use of HFC Chemicals

– HFC Markets

• Opportunities to reduce HFC consumption Sukumar Devotta

• Concluding comments

Emissions

• we have seen that HFC emissions can grow to high levels if BAU is extrapolated towards 2050

• that means that there has been an enormous bank built up that cannot be adequately managed

• to better manage or to avoid

BAU demand

• we have seen that HFC demand can already increase enormously if BAU is extrapolated towards 2030

• this is then fed into the bank which cause the emissions, dependent on sector and subsector

• to decrease by practices or / and by control

Distribution of HFC chemicals

• the TEAP TF XXV/5 report showed the distribution of high

GWP chemicals

– over sectors and subsectors in the BAU demand extrapolation

Mitigation

• the TEAP TF XXV/5 report presented mitigation scenarios

• these show huge impact

– if low GWP options are applied in the main HFC markets

– in the period 2020-2030

Workshop on HFC management

• this workshop is directly related to what may occur with

HFC demand and emissions in future

• it is at a crucial moment in time

– to discuss which direction sectors and subsectors can go

• for each market sector / sub-sector:

– what is possible now?

– what is possible in the near future?

– which hurdles and barriers need to be overcome?

Factsheets

• Factsheets developed for market sectors and subsectors

– describe current situation and on-going developments

• the Factsheets will be used as technical background

– for the sector and subsector sessions

• of utmost relevance to start with: a sound overview of

– which HFC chemicals are currently used?

– in which market sectors and subsectors are HFCs used?

– what is the relative importance of each sector?

Split of global HFC consumption (by weight) 2012

Split of global HFC consumption (by tonnes CO2) 2012

Markets using HFCs (split by weight) 2012

RACHP: refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pumps

Markets using HFCs (split by tonnes CO2) 2012

Key HFCs used in main market sectors

HFC use in RACHP sectors (GWP-weighted), 2012

The Importance of Sub-sectors: Refrigeration

Stand-alone

Condensing Units

Central systems

Small / medium distributed

Large distributed

Chillers

Road vehicles

Reefer containers

Ships

The Importance of Sub-sectors: Stationary Air-conditioning

Small self-contained

Small splits

Large splits, multi-split

VRF

Ducted / packaged roof-top

Small / medium

Large

Domestic heating

Domestic hot water

Commercial / district heating

HFC use for topping up leaks in RACHP

But average leak rates vary enormously in different sub-sectors:

• domestic refrigerators hardly leak at all

• split air-conditioning leak very little

• large supermarket systems leak significantly

Other markets in more detail – GWP weighted HFC use

Opportunities to reduce HFC consumption

• Four methods of reducing consumption of HFCs

– use of lower GWP alternatives in new equipment

– use of lower GWP alternatives in existing equipment

– leak prevention

– use of reclaimed HFCs

Lower GWP alternatives in new equipment

• key option to provide medium / long term savings

• various very low GWP options

• in some markets “moderate GWP” options may be needed

Use of lower GWP alternatives in existing equipment

• useful opportunity for short term savings

• mainly applies to larger R-404A systems

– e.g. in supermarkets / industrial systems

• R-404A has very high GWP

– 3922

• exisiting systems can be retrofitted with much lower GWP alternatives

– with GWP in range 1400 to 2100– leads to >50% reduction in GWP-weighted demand

• sometimes saves 5% to 10% energy as well

Leak prevention

• historic levels of leakage are very high

– especially in sub-sectors such as supermarkets

• case studies in Europe show that leakage can be reduced by 50% quite easily

– important opportunity to reduce HFC consumption

Use of reclaimed HFCs

• important that end-of-life emissions are minimised

– HFCs must not be vented to atmosphere

• encouraging use of reclaimed HFCs

– reduces venting to atmosphere– reduces demand for virgin HFCs

Concluding Comments

• key market for HFCs is refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pumps

– 86% of total demand (GWP weighted)

• foams and aerosols also important markets

• various very low GWP and moderate GWP alternatives are available

• important issues to consider in each market sub-sector include:

– commercial availability– energy efficiency– cost– safety– performance in high ambient temperatures