1. U N I T E D N AT I O N S C O N F E R E N C E O N T R A D E A N D D E V E L O P M E N TCONFERENCE DES NATIONS UNIES SUR LE COMMERCE ET LE DVELOPPEMENT UNCTAD UNCTAD HANDBOOKOF STATISTICS STA MANUELDE STATISTIQUES STADE LA CNUCEDUNITED NATIONSNATIONS UNIES New York and GenevaNew York et Genve

2. NOTESymbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates areference to a United Nations document. General disclaimerThe designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoeveron the part of the secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, orconcerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Where the designations economy or country or area appear in tables, they cover countries, territories, cities and areas.The designations developing, transition and developed are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express ajudgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is obligatory, together with a reference to thedocument number (TD/STAT.36). A copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint should be sent to the UNCTAD secretariat. ** *La cote des documents de lOrganisation des Nations Unies se compose de lettres majuscules et de chiffres. La mention dune telle coteindique quil est fait rfrence un document de lOrganisation. Dni de responsabilitLes appellations employes dans cette publication et la prsentation des donnes qui y figurent nimpliquent, de la part du secrtariat delOrganisation des Nations Unies, aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires, villes ou zones, ou de leursautorits, ni quant au trac de leurs frontires ou limites.Les appellations conomie ou pays ou zone figurant dans certaines rubriques des tableaux dsignent des pays, des territoires, desvilles ou des zones.Les termes en dveloppement, en transition et dvelopps sont utiliss pour plus de commodit dans la prsentation desstatistiques et nimpliquent pas ncessairement un jugement quant au stade de dveloppement atteint par un pays ou une zone donne.Le contenu de la prsente publication peut tre cit ou reproduit sans autorisation, sous rserve quil soit fait mention de ladite publicationet de sa cote (TD/STAT.36) et quun justificatif soit adress au secrtariat de la CNUCED. How to order the HandbookComment commander le Manuel To order the print version of thePour commander la version imprime du UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics, please contact: Manuel de Statistiques de la CNUCED, veuillez vous adresser : United Nations PublicationsPublications des Nations Unies 300East 42nd Street, Room IN-919nd300East 42 Street, Bureau IN-919 New York, NY 10017, USANew York, NY 10017, USA Telephone: 1-212-963-8302Tlphone : 1-212-963-8302 Toll free: 1-800-253-9646Numro vert : 1-800-253-9646 Fax: 1-212-963-3489Fax : 1-212-963-3489 Internet: https://unp.un.org Internet : https://unp.un.org TD/STAT. 36 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION PUBLICATION DES NATIONS UNIESSales number / Numro de vente : B.11.II.D.1ISBN 978-92-1-112829-1 e-ISBN 978-92-1-054993-6ISSN 0251-9461 Copyright United Nations, 2011All rights reservedii 3. FOREWORDINTRODUCTIONThe UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics provides essential dataLe but du Manuel de statistiques de la CNUCED est de fournirfor analysing and measuring world trade, investment, les donnes statistiques essentielles lanalyse du commerceinternational financial flows and development. Reliablemondial, de linvestissement, des flux financiers internationaux etstatistical information is often considered as the first stepdu dveloppement. Une information statistique fiable est souventduring the preparation of making recommendations or taking le pralable la formulation de recommandations et la prise dedecisions that countries will commit for many years as theydcisions qui engageront les pays pour de longues annes dansstrive to integrate into the world economy and improve the leur processus dintgration dans lconomie mondiale etliving standards of their citizens. Whether it is for research,lamlioration des conditions de leurs peuples. Que ce soit pourconsultation or technical cooperation, UNCTAD requires la recherche, la concertation ou la coopration technique, lacomparable, often detailed economic, demographic and socialCNUCED a besoin de donnes conomiques, dmographiquesdata, over several decades and for as many countries aset sociales comparables et souvent dtailles, disponibles sipossible.possible sur plusieurs dcennies et pour un maximum de pays.In addition to facilitating the work of the secretariatsAu-del de la mobilisation et de la vrification des donnes,economists, the UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics also du calcul dindicateurs drivs qui alimentent les travaux desenables other users, such as policymakers, researchconomistes du secrtariat, le Manuel de statistiques de laspecialists, academics, officials from national governments or CNUCED est loccasion de partager une base statistique richeinternational organizations, executive managers or members ofavec les dcideurs et les chercheurs, quils soient universitaires,nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) from developing,fonctionnaires dadministrations nationales ou dorganisationstransition or developed countries to have access to this richinternationales, cadres dentreprises ou membres dorganisationsstatistical information. The Handbook further offers journalists non gouvernementales de pays en dveloppement, en transitioncomprehensive information in a presentation that meets their ou dvelopps. Les journalistes trouvent aussi dans ce manuelneeds. une information synthtique dans une prsentation bien adapte leurs proccupations. This publication is available in printed copy and DVD.Moreover, the underlying data of the Handbook are available Le Manuel est disponible en version imprime et DVD. Lesonline at UNCTADstat (http://unctadstat.unctad.org). Unlike thedonnes prsentes dans le Manuel sont disponibles en ligne,Handbook which captures statistics at one point of time, dans UNCTADstat (http://unctadstat.unctad.org). la diffrenceUNCTADstat is continuously updated, enriched and providing du Manuel qui prsente des statistiques figes un momentusers with the latest available data. In this regard, users should donn, UNCTADstat est actualis et enrichi rgulirement pouruse caution when comparing data between the Handbook and mettre la disposition des utilisateurs les donnes les plusUNCTADstat, as the date of update may differ.rcentes. cet gard, il est important de signaler que les donnes dUNCTADstat et du Manuel ne pourront tre User should be aware that, in this edition, the scope and compares systmatiquement en raison de la diffrence de datedefinition of some country groups have changed compared to de leur mise jour et de publication.previous edition of Handbook. In addition, the presentation oftables 7.3 and 7.4 Remittances and table 7.1 Current account La couverture et la dfinition des groupements prsentsnet was improved by the addition of all countries and countrydans cette nouvelle dition du Manuel ont chang. Cette anne,groups. Furthermore, the following tables prior to this edition -la table des matires a galement t revue. En effet, lestable 5.3 Tourism indicators, table 7.2 Balance of payments: indicateurs du tourisme, le sommaire des comptes de capital etcapital and financial account summaries and table 8.5doprations financires de la balance des paiements ainsi queDemographic indicators - are discontinued and no longerles indicateurs dmographiques (tableaux 5.3, 7.2 et 8.5 desavailable. prcdentes ditions) ont t retirs tandis que les tableaux de la balance du compte courant (7.1) et des envois de fonds des To provide better and more relevant statistics to users, youtravailleurs (7.3 et 7.4 ) ont t amliors grce la prsentationare invited to fill up the feedback questionnaire on the lastdes donnes pour tous les pays et groupements de pays.page or you can send your comments directly tostatistics@unctad.orgPour mieux nous adapter aux besoins de nos utilisateurs et mettre leur disposition des statistiques pertinentes, nous vousParticular acknowledgement is due to the Statistics Division invitons remplir le questionnaire qui se trouve en fin deof the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United publication. Vous pouvez galement nous faire part de vosNations, as well as to other international organizations, for itscommentaires en nous crivant statistics@unctad.orghelp in preparing this publication.Le secrtariat de la CNUCED tient remercier la Division de statistique du Dpartement des affaires conomiques et sociales de lONU et diverses organisations internationales du concours quelles ont apport la prparation de cette publication. iii 4. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE DES MATIRESNote .................................................................................................. iiNote ..................................................................................................... iiHow to order the Handbook ............................................................. iiComment commander le manuel ........................................................ iiForeword ..........................................................................................iiiIntroduction......................................................................................... iiiTable of contents ............................................................................. ivTable des matires ............................................................................. ivExplanation of symbols ...................................................................vii Signification des symboles ................................................................ viiGeneral notes .................................................................................viii Notes gnrales .............................................................................. xxiiDistribution of countries and territories............................................ xiRpartition des pays et territoires.................................................... xxvDistribution by geographical region Rpartition par rgions gographiques- Developing economies .................................................................xii - conomies en dveloppement .................................................... xxvi- Transition economies ..................................................................xiv- conomies en transition .............................................................xxviii- Developed economies.................................................................xiv - conomies dveloppes ............................................................xxviiiDistribution of developing economies by economicRpartition des conomies en dveloppement par groupementsgrouping ......................................................................................... xv conomiques .................................................................................. xxixDistribution of economies by trade group..................................... xviii Rpartition des conomies par groupements commerciaux ..........xxxiiDistribution of economies by interregional grouping ...................... xx Rpartition des conomies par groupements interrgionaux ........xxxivAbbreviations and acronyms ..........................................................xxiAbrviations et acronymes ............................................................ xxxvProduct classification for international trade............................... xxxvi Classification des produits pour le commerce international ..........xxxvi PART ONEPREMIRE PARTIEInternational merchandise trade Commerce international des marchandises1.1.1 Exports and imports of countries and geographical 1.1.1 Exportations et importations des pays et des rgionsregions gographiques- Value ................................................................................... 2 - Valeur ................................................................................. 2- Share ................................................................................. 10- Part................................................................................... 101.1.2 Exports and imports of economic groupings 1.1.2 Exportations et importations des groupements conomiques- Value ................................................................................. 20- Valeur ............................................................................... 20- Share ................................................................................. 22- Part................................................................................... 221.1.3 Exports and imports of trade groups 1.1.3 Exportations et importations des groupements commerciaux- Value ................................................................................. 24- Valeur ............................................................................... 24- Share ................................................................................. 26- Part................................................................................... 261.2.1 Annual average growth rates of exports and imports1.2.1 Taux dvolution annuels moyens des exportations etof countries and geographical regions................................. 28 importations des pays et des rgions gographiques ........ 281.2.2 Annual average growth rates of exports and imports1.2.2 Taux dvolution annuels moyens des exportations etof economic groupings......................................................... 38 importations des groupements conomiques..................... 381.2.3 Annual average growth rates of exports and imports1.2.3 Taux dvolution annuels moyens des exportations etof trade groups..................................................................... 40 importations des groupements commerciaux.....................401.3.1 Value of trade balance, and as percentage of imports1.3.1 Valeur de la balance commerciale et sa part dans lesof countries and geographical regions................................. 42 importations des pays et des rgions gographiques ........ 421.3.2 Value of trade balance, and as percentage of imports1.3.2 Valeur de la balance commerciale et sa part dans lesof economic groupings......................................................... 52 importations des groupements conomiques..................... 521.4 Intra-trade of trade groups ................................................... 541.4 Commerce interne des groupements commerciaux........... 54 iv 5. TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE DES MATIRESPART TWODEUXIME PARTIE International merchandise trade by region Commerce international des marchandises par rgions2.1Country trade structure by partner 2.1 Structure du commerce des pays par partenaires - Exports by main region of destination ............................... 58 - Exportations par principales rgions de destination......... 58 - Imports by main region of origin ........................................ 70 - Importations par principales rgions dorigine.................. 702.2Export and import structure by partner and product 2.2Structure des exportations et importations par partenaires group et groupes de produits A. World.............................................................................. 82 A. Monde........................................................................... 82 B. Developing economies .................................................. 86 B. conomies en dveloppement ..................................... 86 C. Developing economies: Africa ....................................... 90C. conomies en dveloppement : Afrique....................... 90 D. Developing economies: America ................................... 94 D. conomies en dveloppement : Amrique................... 94 E. Developing economies: Asia ......................................... 98E. conomies en dveloppement : Asie ........................... 98 F Developing economies: Eastern, Southern F. conomies en dveloppement : Asie orientaleand South-Eastern Asia............................................... 102mridionale et du Sud-Est .......................................... 102 G. Developing economies: Western Asia ......................... 106 G. conomies en dveloppement : Asie occidentale ...... 106 H. Developing economies: Oceania ................................. 110H. conomies en dveloppement : Ocanie................... 110 I. Developing economies: Major petroleum and gasI. conomies en dveloppement : principauxexporters ...................................................................... 114 exportateurs de ptrole et de gaz............................... 114 J. Developing economies: Major manufactured J. conomies en dveloppement : principauxgoods exporters ........................................................... 118exportateurs darticles manufacturs.......................... 118 K. Transition economies................................................... 122K. conomies en transition.............................................. 122 L. Developed economies ................................................. 126L. conomies dveloppes............................................. 126PART THREETROISIME PARTIE International merchandise trade by productCommerce international des marchandises par produits3.1Country trade structure by product group 3.1Structure du commerce des pays par groupes de produits - Exports ............................................................................ 132- Exportations ................................................................... 132 - Imports............................................................................. 145- Importations.................................................................... 1453.2Export structure by product3.2Structure des exportations par produits A. World............................................................................ 158A. Monde......................................................................... 158 B. Developing economies ................................................ 163B. conomies en dveloppement ................................... 163 C. Developed economies ................................................. 168C. conomies dveloppes ............................................ 168 D. Individual countries and territories ............................... 173 D. Pays et territoires individuels...................................... 173 E. Major exporters for leading products among E. Principaux exportateurs de produits majeurs parmideveloping economies ................................................. 195 les conomies en dveloppement .............................. 1953.3Concentration and structural change indices of 3.3Indices de concentration et de changement structurel product markets des marchs de produits - Exports ............................................................................ 204- Exportations ................................................................... 204 - Imports............................................................................. 208- Importations.................................................................... 208 PART FOURQUATRIME PARTIE International merchandise trade indicators Indicateurs du commerce international des marchandises4.1.1 Export and import concentration and 4.1.1 Indices de concentration et de diversification desdiversification indices of countries and exportations et importations des pays et desgeographical regions ......................................................... 214 rgions gographiques ..................................................... 2144.1.2 Export and import concentration and 4.1.2 Indices de concentration et de diversification desdiversification indices of economic exportations et importations des groupementsgroupings ........................................................................... 224 conomiques .................................................................... 2244.2.1 International merchandise trade indices of4.2.1 Indices du commerce international des marchandisescountries and geographical regionsdes pays et des rgions gographiques- Volume indices of exports and imports ........................... 226 - Indices du volume des exportations et importations ...... 226- Unit value indices of exports and - Indices de la valeur unitaire des exportations etimports ............................................................................. 234 importations .................................................................... 234- Terms of trade indices and purchasing - Indices des termes de lchange et du pouvoirpower indices of exports .................................................. 242 dachat des exportations ................................................ 2424.2.2 International merchandise trade indices of4.2.2 Indices du commerce international des marchandiseseconomic groupingsdes groupements conomiques- Volume indices of exports and imports ........................... 250 - Indices du volume des exportations et importations ...... 250- Unit value indices of exports and - Indices de la valeur unitaire des exportations etimports ............................................................................. 252 importations .................................................................... 252- Terms of trade indices and purchasing - Indices des termes de lchange et du pouvoirpower indices of exports .................................................. 254 dachat des exportations ................................................ 2544.3Average applied import MFN tariff rates on 4.3Droits de douane moyens NPF appliqus limportation non-agricultural and non-fuel products .............................. 256 des produits non-agricoles et non-ptroliers .................... 256v 6. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE DES MATIRESPART FIVE CINQUIME PARTIEInternational trade in services Commerce international des services5.1.1 Value of exports and imports of services of 5.1.1 Valeur des exportations et importations de servicescountries and geographical regions................................... 278 des pays et des rgions gographiques........................... 2785.1.2 Value of exports and imports of services of 5.1.2 Valeur des exportations et importations de serviceseconomic groupings ......................................................... 286des groupements conomiques ........................................ 2865.1.3 Value of exports and imports of services of 5.1.3 Valeur des exportations et importations de servicestrade groups....................................................................... 288 des groupements commerciaux ........................................ 2885.2Trade in services by category5.2 Commerce des services par catgories - Leading exporters among developing - Principaux exportateurs parmi les conomies en economies ....................................................................... 290dveloppement................................................................ 290 - Leading importers among developing - Principaux importateurs parmi les conomies en economies ....................................................................... 294dveloppement................................................................ 2945.3World merchant fleet by flag of registration and 5.3 Flotte marchande mondiale par pavillons dimmatriculation type of ship of countries and geographical et par types de navires des pays et des rgions regions ............................................................................... 298gographiques................................................................... 298 PART SIX SIXIME PARTIECommodities Produits de base6.1Annual and quarterly indices of free-market6.1 Indices annuels et trimestriels des prix dune prices of selected primary commodities............................. 314slection de produits de base sur le march libre............. 3146.2Instability indices and trends in free market6.2 Indices dinstabilit et tendances des prix sur le prices for selected primary commodities ........................... 320march libre dune slection de produits de base............. 320PART SEVEN SEPTIME PARTIE International financeFinance internationale7.1.1 Balance of payments: Current account net of countries 7.1.1 Balance des paiements : compte courant net des paysand geographical regions .................................................. 324 et des rgions gographiques ........................................... 3247.1.2 Balance of payments: Current account net of economic7.1.2 Balance des paiements : compte courant net desgroupings ........................................................................... 332 groupements conomiques ............................................... 3327.1.3 Balance of payments: Current account net of trade 7.1.3 Balance des paiements : compte courant net desgroups................................................................................ 334groupements commerciaux ............................................... 3347.2.1 Foreign direct investment: Inward and outward 7.2.1 Investissement tranger direct : flux entrants etflows of countries and geographical regions ..................... 336 sortants des pays et des rgions gographiques.............. 3367.2.2 Foreign direct investment: Inward and outward 7.2.2 Investissement tranger direct : flux entrants etflows of economic groupings ............................................. 344 sortants des groupements conomiques .......................... 3447.2.3 Foreign direct investment: Inward and outward 7.2.3 Investissement tranger direct : flux entrants etflows of trade groups ......................................................... 346 sortants des groupements commerciaux .......................... 3467.3.1 Migrants remittances: Receipts of countries and7.3.1 Envois de fonds des migrants : recettes des pays et desgeographical regions ......................................................... 348rgions gographiques...................................................... 3487.3.2 Migrants remittances: Receipts of economic 7.3.2 Envois de fonds des migrants : recettes des groupementsgroupings ........................................................................... 356 conomiques ..................................................................... 3567.4.1 Migrants remittances: Payments of countries and7.4.1 Envois de fonds des migrants : paiements des pays et desgeographical regions ......................................................... 358rgions gographiques...................................................... 3587.4.2 Migrants remittances: Payments of economic 7.4.2 Envois de fonds des migrants : paiements des groupementsgroupings ........................................................................... 366 conomiques ..................................................................... 3667.5.1 International reserves of developing economies7.5.1 Rserves internationales des conomies enby country and geographical region .................................. 368 dveloppement par pays et rgions gographiques ......... 3687.5.2 International reserves of developing economies7.5.2 Rserves internationales des conomies enby economic grouping........................................................ 374dveloppement par groupements conomiques ............... 374 vi 7. TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE DES MATIRES7.6.1 Official financial flows from bilateral and multilateral 7.6.1. Flux financiers publics bilatraux et multilatrauxsources by country and geographical region.................... 376par pays et rgions gographiques ................................... 3767.6.2 Official financial flows from bilateral and multilateral 7.6.2 Flux financiers publics bilatraux et multilatraux sources to developing economies by economicdestination des conomies en dveloppement pargrouping ............................................................................ 391groupements conomiques ............................................... 3917.7External long-term debt by lending source 7.7 Dette extrieure long terme par catgories de prt A. Developing economies ................................................ 395A. conomies en dveloppement ................................... 395 B. Developing economies: Africa ..................................... 396 B. conomies en dveloppement : Afrique..................... 396 C. Developing economies: America ................................. 397C. conomies en dveloppement : Amrique................. 397 D. Developing economies: Asia ....................................... 398 D. conomies en dveloppement : Asie ......................... 398 E. Developing economies: Oceania ................................. 399E. conomies en dveloppement : Ocanie................... 399 F. Developing economies: Major petroleum and gasF. conomies en dveloppement : principauxexporters ...................................................................... 400 exportateurs de ptrole et de gaz............................... 400 G. Developing economies: Major manufactured G. conomies en dveloppement : principauxgoods exporters ........................................................... 401exportateurs darticles manufacturs.......................... 401PART EIGHTHUITIME PARTIE Development indicators Indicateurs du dveloppement8.1.1 Nominal gross domestic product: Total and per capita 8.1.1 Produit intrieur brut nominal : total et par habitantof countries and geographical regions............................... 404 des pays et des rgions gographiques ........................... 4048.1.2 Nominal gross domestic product: Total and per capita 8.1.2 Produit intrieur brut nominal : total et par habitantof economic groupings....................................................... 412 des groupements conomiques ........................................ 4128.2.1 Annual average growth rates of total and per capita8.2.1 Taux de croissance annuels moyens du produitreal gross domestic product of countries and intrieur brut rel total et par habitant des paysgeographical regions ......................................................... 414 et des rgions gographiques ........................................... 4148.2.2 Annual average growth rates of total and per capita8.2.2 Taux de croissance annuels moyens du produitreal gross domestic product of intrieur brut rel total et par habitant deseconomic groupings........................................................... 422groupements conomiques ............................................... 4228.3.1 Nominal gross domestic product by type of8.3.1 Produit intrieur brut nominal par catgories deexpenditure and by kind of economic activity ofdpenses et par branches dactivit conomiquecountries and geographical regions................................... 424des pays et des rgions gographiques ........................... 4248.3.2 Nominal gross domestic product by type of8.3.2 Produit intrieur brut nominal par catgories deexpenditure and by kind of economic activity ofdpenses et par branches dactivit conomiqueeconomic groupings........................................................... 442des groupements conomiques ........................................ 4428.4.1 Population and labour force of countries and 8.4.1 Population et main-duvre des pays et desgeographical regions ......................................................... 446 rgions gographiques...................................................... 4468.4.2 Population and labour force of economic8.4.2 Population et main-duvre des groupementsgroupings ........................................................................... 465conomiques ..................................................................... 465EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS SIGNIFICATION DES SYMBOLES0 Zero means that the amount is nil or negligible. 0 Un zro signifie que le montant est nul ou ngligeable._ The symbol underscore indicates that the item is not applicable_ Un tiret signifie que la rubrique est sans objet...Two dots indicate that the data are not available or are ..Deux points signifient que les donnes ne sont pasnot separately reported. disponibles ou ne sont pas communiques sparment.- The use of a hyphen on data area means that data is estimated- Le trait dunion dans le champ des donnes indique queand included in the aggregation but not to be shown. A hyphenle chiffre est estim et inclus dans lagrgation mais nestbetween years (e.g. 1985-1990) signifies the full period involved, pas publi. Le trait dunion entre deux millsimes (par exempleincluding the initial and final years. 1985-1990) indique quil sagit de la priode tout entire, y compris la premire et la dernire anne mentionnes.(b)Break in the series (b)Interruption de la srie(e)Estimate(e)Estimation(f)Forecast(f)Prvision(p)Provisional data(p)Donne provisoire(r)Revised data(r)Donne rviseSome exceptions are indicated in footnotes.Les exceptions sont indiques dans les notes en bas de page. vii 8. GENERAL NOTESThese notes summarize the content of each part of thePART THREEHandbook according to the revised Table of Contents of the International merchandise trade by productpresent issue of the Handbook of Statistics.Table 3.1 shows the export and import structure of individual The tables included in this book represent analyticaleconomies by commodity groups for selected years for ninesummaries of the full time series contained in the UNCTAD commodity groups (total, all food items, agricultural rawHandbook of Statistics 2011 on DVD. materials, fuels, ores and metals, manufactured goods,including chemical products, machinery and transportequipment and other manufactured goods). PART ONE Table 3.2 (A, B and C, respectively) presents the structure International merchandise tradeof exports for the world, for developing and developedTable 1.1 shows the value of total exports (f.o.b.) and imports economies, by product, at the SITC group (Revision 3, 3-digit)(c.i.f.), expressed in millions of dollars and percentages of the level. Each product share of world exports is calculated for eachworld total, of individual countries and geographical regions economic grouping as well as the average annual growth rate(1.1.1), economic groupings (1.1.2), and trade groups (1.1.3).and the latters deviation in relation to the world growth rate.The trade flows shown in table 1.1.1 refer to the General Trade Table 3.2D establishes for each economy the list of mainSystem except for the countries which employ the Specialproducts exported (SITC group, Revision 3, 3-digit level). EachTrade System and which are marked with an asterisk. The products share of total exports of individual countries,General Trade System is used when the statistical territory of ageographical regions and the world is also indicated.compiling country coincides with its economic territory.Table 3.2E lists major exporters of 70 leading productsConsequently, imports include all goods entering the economic among developing economies at the SITC group (Revision 3,territory of a compiling country and exports include all goods3-digit) level as well as corresponding shares in world trade.leaving the economic territory of the compiling country. TheTable 3.3 provides concentration indices and structuralSpecial Trade System is used when the statistical territory change indices for exports and imports by product group atcomprises only a particular part of the economic territory within SITC (Revision 3, 3-digit) level. The first indicator shows how awhich goods may be disposed of without customs restriction. product market is concentrated in a few countries orIn such a case, imports include all goods entering the free homogeneously distributed among several countries. Thecirculation area of the compiling country, which means clearedstructural change indicator shows whether the market share forthrough customs for home use, and exports include all goods a given product among export countries has changedleaving the free circulation area of a compiling country. significantly when compared with a reference year.Average annual growth rates of international trade derivedTotals of international merchandise trade presented in thefrom table 1.1 are presented in table 1.2.tables of this third part may also differ from the data containedTable 1.3 contains trade balances (exports f.o.b. minus in the first and second parts for the above reasons, to whichimports c.i.f.) and these balances, as a percentage of imports of must be added margins of exports and imports not distributedindividual countries, geographical regions and economic by commodity group or the use of different productgroupings.nomenclatures by the exporting and importing countries.Table 1.4 shows the relative importance of trade amonggroup members as compared to the regional or total trade ofthat group.PART FOUR International merchandise trade indicatorsTable 4.1 includes calculation results of concentration and PART TWO diversification indices for individual countries, geographicalInternational merchandise trade by region regions and economic groupings. This concentration indexTable 2.1 shows the export and import structure of individual specifically shows how exports and imports of individualcountries by main regions of origin and destination. Data are countries or country groupings are concentrated on severalpresented for as many individual countries as possible, while products or otherwise distributed in a more homogeneoustrade partners are grouped in 14 major clusters.manner among a series of products. The diversificationTable 2.2 (A to L) presents the structure of exports by indicator signals whether the structure of exports or imports bydestination and imports by origin by major commodity groups product of a given country or country grouping differs from thefor 12 selected country groups. The table provides detailed structure by product shown for the world.information on the world trade network for 19 regions of originTable 4.2 contains volume indices of exports and imports,and destination and six commodity groups. rounding out trade value available in tables 1.1 and 1.2, unitTotals of international merchandise trade presented in thevalue indices of exports and imports and derived terms of tradetables found in parts one and two are not strictly comparable and purchasing power of exports presented at the level ofdue to complementary but different sources and remainingindividual countries and geographical regions (4.2.1) andunallocated trade flows, despite efforts to distribute trade flowseconomic groupings (4.2.2).by destination, origin and commodity group. To improve data coverage, especially for the latest periods, theExports by destination may differ considerably in some casesfollowing procedure was used in the calculation of unit valuefrom data on imports as reported by countries of destination forindices:a variety of factors, among which the following may be of - A set of average prices indices at SITC (Revision 3, 3-digit)particular importance:group level was constructed using UNCTADstat Commodity- Most import data are reported on a c.i.f. rather than an f.o.b. Price Statistics, international and national sources andbasis;UNCTAD secretariat estimates;- There is a time lag between the date on which goods are - At the country level, unit value indices were calculated usingrecorded as exports and their arrival at their destination; current years trade values as weights at the SITC (Revision 3,- There may be considerable differences between the recorded3-digit) level. Trade values are available in table 3.2.destination of exports and the actual destination as shown in In some instances these indices may differ from the estimatesimport statistics.published in official sources, since the main aim is to providetentative estimates for most developing countries on acomparable basis.Table 4.3 presents average applied import MFN tariff ratesfor major categories of non-agricultural and non-fuel productsby individual markets. viii 9. GENERAL NOTESPART FIVEPART SEVENInternational trade in services International financeTables 5.1.1, 5.1.2 and 5.1.3 present the value of total trade inTables 7.1.1, 7.1.2 and 7.1.3 present values of the currentservices by individual country, geographical region, economicaccount net in millions of dollars and as percentages of GDP forgrouping and trade group. The tables show values of exportsindividual countries, geographical regions, and trade and(credits) and imports (debits) of services that were derived fromeconomic groupings. Balance-of-payments current accountstatistics on international service transactions as presented in data cover all transactions between residents and non-residentsthe International Monetary Funds (IMFs) Balance of Paymentsof a reporting economy. In general, the current account balanceStatistics. Services are defined as the economic output of describes the difference between current receipts andintangible commodities that may be produced, transferred and expenditures for internationally traded goods, services andconsumed at the same time. However, services cover a income payments. At the same time, from a nationalheterogeneous range of intangible products and activities that perspective, the current account balance would equal the gapare difficult to capture within a single definition and arebetween national savings and domestic investment.sometimes hard to separate from goods. Services are outputsTables 7.2.1, 7.2.2 and 7.2.3 contain information on foreignproduced to order, and they typically include changes in the direct investment (FDI) inflows and outflows by individualcondition of the consumers realized through the activities of thecountry, geographical region, economic grouping and tradeproducers at the demand of customers. By the time production group. These figures correspond to the Statistical Annexes ofof a service is completed, it must have been provided to a the UNCTAD World Investment Report 2011. FDI is defined asconsumer.an investment involving a long-term relationship and reflecting aServices figures shown here comprise 11 principal services lasting interest in and control by a resident entity in onecategories according to the concepts and definitions of the IMFeconomy (foreign direct investor or parent enterprise) of anBalance of Payments Manual (BPM5, 1993). These categoriesenterprise resident in a different economy (FDI enterprise orcover transport; travel; communications; construction; affiliate enterprise or foreign affiliate). Such investment involvesinsurance; financial services; computer and informationboth the initial transaction between the two entities and allservices; royalties and license fees; other business services; subsequent transactions between them and among foreignpersonal, cultural and recreational services; and government affiliates. A direct investment enterprise is defined as anservices n.i.e. Given the general difficulties involved in incorporated or unincorporated enterprise in which the directstatistically capturing certain aspects of the trade in services,investor, resident in another economy, owns 10 percent or morethe balance-of-payments figures presented here may beof the ordinary shares or voting power (or the equivalent).somewhat downward-biased as compared with the actual value Tables 7.3.1 and 7.3.2 present values of receipts (credits) ofof the international trade in services. The aggregate data fromtotal migrants remittances, in millions of dollars, for individualtables 5.1 include the UNCTAD secretariats estimates of economies and regional and economic groupings. They alsomissing values that are not shown separately.show total remittances receipts as percentage of GDP andTable 5.2 indicates 20 major exporters and importers,international trade. The Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5,among developing economies, for each of the 10 principal 1993) classifies workers remittances, compensation ofservices sectors as defined in the IMF Balance of Payments employees and migrants transfers separately. In this table,Manual (BPM5, 1993), which are transport; travel;their sum is given in order to present a clearer picture of thecommunication; construction; computer and informationflows that enter economies via transactions by migrants andservices; insurance; financial services; royalties and licence temporary or cross-border workers. BPM5 defines workersfees; other business services; and personal, cultural andremittances as goods and financial instruments transferred byrecreational services. Government services n.i.e. are notmigrants living and working (being residents) in a new economyincluded.to residents of the economy in which the migrants formerlyTable 5.3 concerns international maritime transport. Itresided. A migrant must live and work in the new economy forcontains data on the world merchant fleet by flag of registrationmore than one year to be considered a resident there.and by type of ship by region and economy, highlighting theCompensation of employees includes wages, salaries and othergroup of major open-registry countries. A ship owner who benefits, in cash or in kind, earned by individuals inregisters his or her vessel in an open-registry country does not economies where they are not residents for work performedneed to have any connection with a country of registry. Thefor residents of those economies. It covers seasonal and othernumber of open-registry countries has varied over the years. short-term workers and border workers. Migrants transfersThe group in this table includes 10 countries. Table 5.3 containscover flows of goods and changes in financial items that ariseconsolidated time series from various issues of the UNCTAD from migration (change of residence for at least one year).Review of Maritime Transport. The Review reports on theTables 7.4.1 and 7.4.2 include data on payments (debits) ofworldwide evolution of shipping, ports and multimodal transporttotal migrants remittances, based on the same approach usedrelated to the major traffics of liquid bulk, dry bulk and for tables 7.3.1 and 7.3.2.containers.Tables 7.5.1 and 7.5.2 present statistics on total international reserves (including gold) of developing countries by country, region and economic grouping, in millions of dollars. Other calculations included show months of imports that these PART SIXreserves could finance at current import levels, as well as the Commodities annual change in total reserves. According to the IMF definition,Table 6.1 includes aggregated price indices for primaryinternational reserves consist of the sum of the countrys foreigncommodity groups such as food, tropical beverages, vegetable exchange, its reserve position in the IMF, the monetary goldoilseeds and oils, agricultural raw materials and minerals, ores reserves, and the United States dollar value of SDR holdings byand metals, as well as an all groups price index in currentits monetary authorities.United States dollars. Also included are the annual andTables 7.6 give a summary of official financial flows by typequarterly free-market price indices for selected commodities of flow, country, region and economic grouping. Flows fromexported by developing economies. The weight of price indicesbilateral and multilateral sources are shown, as recorded by thefor the above mentioned commodity groups (2000=100) areOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Developmentbased on the value of exports of developing countries from (OECD) Development Assistance Committee (DAC).1999 to 2001.Tables 7.7 present time series on the external long-termTable 6.2 presents instability indices and trends in free- indebtedness of developing economies. They also provide amarket prices for selected primary commodities that are of detailed breakdown of public and publicly guaranteed debt byparticular interest to developing economies. source of lending. External debt data in this table are based on the Debtor Reporting System (DRS) maintained by the World Bank.ix 10. GENERAL NOTESPART EIGHTOTHER NOTESDevelopment indicatorsTable 8.1 provides information on total and per capita nominalUnless otherwise specified, country aggregates are the sums ofgross domestic product (GDP) (in United States dollars) bythe relevant country data by group. Calculations of aggregatesindividual country, geographical region and economic grouping.may in some cases include data estimated by the UNCTADThe GDP figures in dollars are derived from GDP data provided secretariat that are not necessarily all reported separately.in national currencies. The prevailing annual average marketBecause of rounding, details and percentages in tables doexchange rates, as reported by IMF, have been used for thenot necessarily add up to totals.conversion from national currencies to dollars. Data were collected and checked to ensure that theymatched the geographical coverage of the countries, as Table 8.2 contains annual average growth rates of total anddescribed at the beginning of the Handbook. However, someper capita real GDP by individual country, geographical regiongaps could not be avoided due to data unavailability and areand economic grouping. The growth rates are based on GDP indescribed in the notes at the end tables.United States dollars at constant 2005 prices.Unless otherwise stated, dollars ($) refer to United States Table 8.3 provides data on GDP by type of expenditure anddollars and data in dollars are expressed in current Unitedkind of economic activity by country, geographical region and States dollars of the year to which they refer.economic grouping.Average annual growth rates are defined as the coefficient bbt Tables 8.4.1 and 8.4.2 provide some estimates on in the exponential trend function y = ae where t stands for time.population and labour force: total population, urban population This method takes all observations in a period into account.(as a percentage of total population), total labour force, female Therefore, the resulting growth rates reflect trends that are notlabour force (as a percentage of total labour force), total unduly influenced by exceptional values.agriculture labour force and female labour force (as apercentage of total agriculture labour force). The figures forcertain groups may be different from those published by thesources cited when the UNCTAD definitions for those groupsare different.x 11. DISTRIBUTION OF COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIESThe country distributions presented are for statistical2. Economic groupings of developing countriesconvenience only and follow those used by the StatisticsDivision, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), ofThe Handbook provides numerous and varied groups ofthe United Nations. They are grouped by economic criteria or by countries and territories in order to provide easy access to theadhesion to commercial agreements for the purpose of statisticalstatistics necessary for socio-economic analysis andanalysis and research.development research. The term economies, as used in this publication, refers to Developing economies are presented at three levels ofregions, countries and territories. aggregation: the total group, the group excluding China(referring to continental China) and the group excluding the least Country-level data are included where statistics have been developed countries.reported or where it was possible to make an estimate. The category of heavily indebted poor countries includesThe composition of country and product groups is evolving inthose economies benefiting from the HIPC debt reductionorder to provide relevant statistics for research and analysis. Ininitiative of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.this regard, UNCTAD reviews and updates the definition andcomposition of groups every year. User should be aware that theLDCs and landlocked developing countries (LLDCs) arechanges may impact significantly the figures from one given recognized by the United Nations as categories that requirerelease to the other. The detailed changes in the groups arespecial attention from the international community.thoroughly outlined in the section Classifications at UNCTADstatwebsite. Since 1994, the United Nations has recognized the particularproblems of the Small Island Developing States (SIDS), even 1. Geographical regionsthough the criteria for drawing up an official list of SIDS have notyet been determined. The unofficial list is used by UNCTAD forThere is no established convention for the designation of analytical purposes only."developed" and "developing" countries or areas in the UnitedNations system. In common practice, Israel and Japan in Asia,The developing economies are also categorized into threeBermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint Pierre et Miquelon, and the subgroups according to their average 2004-2006 per capitaUnited States in North America, Australia and New Zealand inGDP: high-income (above $4,500), middle-income (betweenOceania, and Europe are considered "developed" regions or $1,000 and $4,500) and low-income (below $1,000).areas. This section includes all countries and territories dividedinto three major categories: developing countries, transition The group of major petroleum and gas exporters consists ofeconomies and developed economies. Each category is further countries whose share of petroleum and gas (SITC code 33 plusdivided by geographical regions.34) was not less than 50 per cent of their total exports, andwhose exports of these products amounted to at least one per1) Developing economies:cent of petroleum and gas world share for the period 2004This category includes countries and territories in America,2006. This group is divided into three geographical zones:Africa, Asia and Oceania not specified below. The geographicalAfrica, America and Asia.regions are further subdivided into subregions in order to presentmore detailed statistics. Exceptions are specified in table The group of major manufactured goods exporters consistsfootnotes.of economies whose share of manufactured products (SITC 5 to8, excluding 667 and 68) was not less than 50 per cent of their2) Transition economies total exports, and whose exports of these products amounted toThis group includes countries in transition from centrally plannedat least one per cent of manufactured goods world share for theto market economies.period 20042006.The group comprises countries in Americaand Asia.3) Developed economies:This category is subdivided into four geographical regions:The composition of the groups of emerging economies (inAmerica, Asia, Europe and Oceania.America and Asia) and newly industrialized Asian economies(composed of first and second tier) corresponds to UNCTADsWorld total represents the sum of the figures of the three above-Trade and Development Report.mentioned groups plus the figures of a group of territories andpartners not elsewhere classified, whose composition is detailed The different geographical regions are also presented atbelow. Data of these territories are included in the world total if various levels of aggregation:they have been reported but are not presented individually or inany group, either by geography, economy or trade. - Africa: Northern Africa excluding Sudan, sub-SaharanAfrica, including Sudan, including and excluding South Africa.The composition of the group "not elsewhere classified" is as- America: Central America and Greater Caribbean Islandsfollows:excluding Puerto Rico, including and excluding Mexico, South- Territories: Antarctica, Bouvet Island, British Antarctic Territory,America and Central America, and South America excludingBritish Indian Ocean Territory, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Brazil.Islands, French Southern Territories, Heard and McDonaldIslands, Norfolk Island, Pitcairn, Saint Barthlemy, Saint Martin - Asia: Eastern and South-Eastern Asia excluding China, and(French part), South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands,Southern Asia excluding India.United States Minor Outlying Islands, and United StatesMiscellaneous Pacific Islands. 3. Trade groups and interregional groupings- Partners: "Confidential information and differences", "Neutralzone", "Free zones", "Bunkers", and "Ship stores". TheseStatistics of trade groups with special analytic interest arespecific partners are only used in the merchandise trade tables.presented according to their pertinence. These groupingsinclude all relevant economies and are subclassified byThe total of each group presented in the Handbook is also geographical regions, with the exception of followingcompleted, should the case arise, with data that have not beeninterregional groups: African, Caribbean and Pacific Group ofallocated to the different elements composing the group.States; AsiaPacific Economic Cooperation; Black SeaEconomic Cooperation; and Commonwealth of IndependentStates.Two groups have been added in this edition: the East AfricanCommunity and the Organization of American States. xi 12. DISTRIBUTION BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONDEVELOPING ECONOMIES AFRICAEastern AfricaBurundi Malawi UgandaComoros MauritiusUnited Republic of TanzaniaDjiboutiMayotteZambiaEritrea Mozambique ZimbabweEthiopiaRwandaKenya SeychellesMadagascarSomaliaMiddle AfricaAngolaCongoSao Tome and PrincipeCameroonDemocratic Republic of the CongoCentral African RepublicEquatorial GuineaChadGabonNorthern AfricaAlgeria MoroccoWestern SaharaEgypt SudanLibyan Arab JamahiriyaTunisiaSouthern AfricaBotswanaNamibiaSwazilandLesotho South AfricaWestern AfricaBenin Guinea NigeriaBurkina FasoGuinea-BissauSaint HelenaCape VerdeLiberiaSenegalCte dIvoire Mali Sierra LeoneGambiaMauritania TogoGhana NigerAMERICACaribbean islandsGreater Caribbean Small Caribbean islandsCubaAnguilla GrenadaDominican RepublicAntigua and BarbudaMontserratHaiti ArubaNetherlands AntillesJamaica BahamasSaint Kitts and NevisBarbados Saint LuciaBritish Virgin Islands Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesCayman Islands Trinidad and TobagoDominica Turks and Caicos IslandsCentral AmericaBelizeGuatemalaNicaraguaCosta RicaHonduras PanamaEl Salvador MexicoSouth AmericaArgentina EcuadorSurinameBolivia (Plurinational State of)Falkland Islands (Malvinas)UruguayBrazilGuyana Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)Chile ParaguayColombiaPeruxii 13. DISTRIBUTION BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGION DEVELOPING ECONOMIES (concluded)ASIAEastern AsiaChinaMacao, Special AdministrativeDemocratic Peoples Republic Region of Chinaof Korea MongoliaHong Kong, Special AdministrativeRepublic of KoreaRegion of ChinaTaiwan Province of ChinaSouthern AsiaAfghanistanIndiaNepalBangladesh Iran (Islamic Republic of) PakistanBhutan Maldives Sri LankaSouth-Eastern AsiaBrunei DarussalamMalaysia ThailandCambodia MyanmarTimor-LesteIndonesiaPhilippinesViet NamLao Peoples Democratic Republic SingaporeWestern AsiaBahrainOccupied Palestinian territory TurkeyIraq Oman United Arab EmiratesJordan QatarYemenKuwait Saudi ArabiaLebanonSyrian Arab Republic OCEANIAAmerican Samoa Micronesia (Federated States of) SamoaCook Islands NauruSolomon IslandsFiji New CaledoniaTokelauFrench Polynesia Niue TongaGuam Northern Mariana Islands TuvaluKiribati PalauVanuatuMarshall Islands Papua New Guinea Wallis and Futuna Islands xiii 14. DISTRIBUTION BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGION TRANSITION ECONOMIESAlbaniaKyrgyzstan TurkmenistanArmeniaMontenegro UkraineAzerbaijan Republic of MoldovaUzbekistanBelarusRussian FederationBosnia and Herzegovina SerbiaCroatiaTajikistanGeorgiaThe former Yugoslav RepublicKazakhstan of Macedonia DEVELOPED ECONOMIES AMERICABermudaUnited States of AmericaCanada including Puerto Rico andGreenlandUnited States Virgin IslandsSaint Pierre and MiquelonASIAIsraelJapan EUROPEAndorraGibraltarPolandAustriaGreece PortugalBelgiumHoly See RomaniaBulgaria HungarySan MarinoCyprus IcelandSlovakiaCzech Republic IrelandSloveniaDenmarkItalySpainEstoniaLatvia SwedenFaeroe Islands LithuaniaSwitzerland including LiechtensteinFinland including land IslandsLuxembourg United Kingdom of Great Britain andFrance including French Guyana,MaltaNorthern Ireland including ChannelGuadeloupe, Martinique,NetherlandsIslands and Isle of ManMonaco and Runion Norway including SvalbardGermanyand Jan Mayen OCEANIAAustraliaNew Zealand xiv 15. DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPING ECONOMIES BY ECONOMIC GROUPINGHeavily indebted poor countries (40)AfghanistanGambiaNicaraguaBeninGhana NigerBolivia (Plurinational State of) GuineaRwandaBurkina Faso Guinea-Bissau Sao Tome and PrincipeBurundiGuyanaSenegalCameroon Haiti Sierra LeoneCentral African Republic HondurasSomaliaChad KyrgyzstanSudanComorosLiberia TogoCongoMadagascarUgandaCte dIvoireMalawiUnited Republic of TanzaniaDemocratic Republic of the Congo MaliZambiaEritreaMauritaniaEthiopia MozambiqueLandlocked developing countries (31)AfghanistanKazakhstan* RwandaArmenia* Kyrgyzstan* SwazilandAzerbaijan*Lao Peoples Democratic RepublicTajikistan*Bhutan Lesotho The former Yugoslav RepublicBolivia (Plurinational State of) Malawiof Macedonia*Botswana MaliTurkmenistan*Burkina Faso MongoliaUgandaBurundiNepal Uzbekistan*Central African Republic Niger ZambiaChad ParaguayZimbabweEthiopia Republic of Moldova** These countries are classified as economies in transition (neither developed nor developing).However, as they are landlocked States, they are also members of this group.Small island developing States (29)Antigua and BarbudaMaldivesSamoaBahamasMarshall IslandsSao Tome and PrincipeBarbados Mauritius SeychellesCape Verde Micronesia (Federated States of)Solomon IslandsComorosNauru Timor-LesteDominica Palau TongaFiji Papua New GuineaTrinidad and TobagoGrenadaSaint Kitts and Nevis TuvaluJamaicaSaint Lucia VanuatuKiribati Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesLeast developed countries (48)Year of inclusion in the groupYear of inclusion in the groupYear of inclusion in the groupAfrica and Haiti AsiaAngola1994 Malawi 1971 Afghanistan 1971Benin 1971 Mali 1971 Bangladesh1975Burkina Faso1971 Mauritania 1986 Bhutan1971Burundi 1971 Mozambique 1988 Cambodia1991Central African Republic1975 Niger1971 Lao Peoples Democratic Republic1971Chad1971 Rwanda 1971 Myanmar 1987Democratic Republic of the Congo1991 Senegal2000 Nepal 1971Djibouti1982 Sierra Leone 1982 Yemen 1971Equatorial Guinea 1982 Somalia1971Eritrea 1994 Sudan1971 IslandsEthiopia1971 Togo 1982 Comoros 1977Gambia1975 Uganda 1971 Kiribati1986Guinea1971 United Republic of Tanzania1971 Samoa 1971Guinea-Bissau 1981 Zambia 1991 Sao Tome and Principe 1982Haiti 1971 Solomon Islands 1991Lesotho 1971 Timor-Leste 2003Liberia 1990 Tuvalu1986Madagascar1991 Vanuatu 1985xv 16. DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPING ECONOMIES BY ECONOMIC GROUPING UNCTAD ECONOMIC GROUPINGS2004-2006 average per capita current GDP above $4,500: High-income (46)American Samoa GuamQatarAnguilla Hong Kong, Special Administrative Republic of KoreaAntigua and BarbudaRegion of China Saint Kitts and NevisArgentinaKuwaitSaint LuciaArubaLebanon Saudi ArabiaBahamasLibyan Arab JamahiriyaSeychellesBahrainMacao, Special Administrative SingaporeBarbados Region of China Taiwan Province of ChinaBritish Virgin Islands MalaysiaTrinidad and TobagoBrunei DarussalamMexicoTurkeyCayman Islands MontserratTurks and Caicos IslandsChileNetherlands AntillesUnited Arab EmiratesCook Islands New Caledonia UruguayCosta Rica NiueVenezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)Equatorial GuineaNorthern Mariana IslandsFalkland Islands (Malvinas)OmanFrench Polynesia Palau2004-2006 average per capita current GDP between $1,000 and $4,500: Middle-income (50)AlgeriaGrenada PhilippinesBelize Guatemala Saint HelenaBolivia (Plurinational State of) HondurasSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesBotswana Iran (Islamic Republic of)SamoaBrazil Jamaica South AfricaCape Verde JordanSri LankaChinaMaldivesSurinameColombia Marshall IslandsSwazilandCongoMauritius Syrian Arab RepublicCuba Micronesia (Federated States of)ThailandDominica Morocco TokelauDominican Republic Namibia TongaEcuadorNauru TunisiaEgyptOccupied Palestinian territoryTuvaluEl SalvadorPanamaVanuatuFiji ParaguayWallis and Futuna IslandsGabonPeru2004-2006 average per capita current GDP below $1,000: Low-income (60)AfghanistanGuinea-Bissau NigeriaAngola GuyanaPakistanBangladesh Haiti Papua New GuineaBeninIndia RwandaBhutan Indonesia Sao Tome and PrincipeBurkina Faso IraqSenegalBurundiKenya Sierra LeoneCambodia KiribatiSolomon IslandsCameroon Lao Peoples Democratic RepublicSomaliaCentral African Republic Lesotho SudanChad Liberia Timor-LesteComorosMadagascarTogoCte dIvoireMalawiUgandaDemocratic Peoples Republic of KoreaMaliUnited Republic of TanzaniaDemocratic Republic of the Congo MauritaniaViet NamDjibouti MongoliaYemenEritreaMozambiqueZambiaEthiopia Myanmar ZimbabweGambia NepalGhanaNicaraguaGuinea Nigerxvi 17. DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPING ECONOMIES BY ECONOMIC GROUPINGMajor petroleum and gas exporters (12)Africa AmericaAsiaAlgeriaVenezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Iran (Islamic Republic of)AngolaIraqLibyan Arab JamahiriyaKuwaitNigeria OmanQatarSaudi ArabiaUnited Arab EmiratesMajor manufactured goods exporters (8)AmericaAsiaMexico China Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China Malaysia Republic of Korea Singapore Taiwan Province of China ThailandEmerging economies (10)AmericaAsiaArgentinaMalaysiaBrazil Republic of KoreaChileSingaporeMexico Taiwan Province of ChinaPeru ThailandNewly industrialized Asian economies (8)First tier Second tierHong Kong, Special AdministrativeIndonesiaRegion of ChinaMalaysiaRepublic of KoreaPhilippinesSingaporeThailandTaiwan Province of China xvii 18. DISTRIBUTION OF ECONOMIES BY TRADE GROUPAFRICAYear of accessionYear of accession Year of accessionArab Maghreb Union UMA (5)Economic Community of CentralEconomic and Monetary CommunityAlgeria1989 African States (10) - ECCASof Central Africa (6) - CEMACLibyan Arab Jamahiriya 1989 Angola1999 Cameroon1994Mauritania 1989 Burundi 1983 Central African Republic1994Morocco1989 Cameroon1983 Chad1994Tunisia1989 Central African Republic1983 Congo 1994Chad1983 Equatorial Guinea1994Common Market for Eastern and Congo 1983 Gabon1994Southern Africa (19) - COMESA Democratic Republic of theBurundi1994Congo1983 Mano River Union (4) - MRUComoros1994 Equatorial Guinea 1983 Cte dIvoire2008Democratic Republic of theGabon 1983 Guinea 1980Congo1994 Sao Tome and Principe 1983 Liberia1973Djibouti 1994Sierra Leone 1973Egypt1994 Economic Community of the GreatEritrea1994 Lakes Countries (3) - CEPGLSouthern African DevelopmentEthiopia 1994 Burundi 1976 Community (15) - SADCKenya1994 Democratic Republic of the Angola 1992Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 2005Congo1976 Botswana 1992Madagascar 1994 Rwanda1976 Democratic Republic of theMalawi 1994Congo1992Mauritius1994 Economic Community of West Lesotho1992Rwanda 1994 African States (15) - ECOWAS Madagascar 2005Seychelles 1994 Benin 1975 Malawi 1992Sudan1994 Burkina Faso1975 Mauritius1992Swaziland1994 Cape Verde1977 Mozambique 1992Uganda 1994 Cte dIvoire 1975 Namibia1992Zambia 1994 Gambia1975 Seychelles 2007Zimbabwe 1994 Ghana 1975 South Africa 1994Guinea1975 Swaziland1992East African Community (5) - EACGuinea-Bissau 1975 United Republic of Tanzania1992Burundi2007 Liberia 1975 Zambia 1992Kenya2001 Mali1975 Zimbabwe 1992Rwanda 2007 Niger 1975Uganda 2001 Nigeria 1975 West African Economic andUnited Republic of Tanzania2001 Senegal 1975 Monetary Union (8) - UEMOASierra Leone1975 Benin1994Togo1975 Burkina Faso 1994 Cte dIvoire1994 Guinea-Bissau1997 Mali 1994 Niger1994 Senegal1994 Togo 1994 AMERICAYear of accessionYear of accession Year of accessionAndean Community (4) - ANCOMCentral American Common Market (5) - Dominican Republic 1994Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 1996 CACM Ecuador1994Colombia 1996 Costa Rica1962 El Salvador1994Ecuador1996 El Salvador 1961 Grenada1994Peru 1996 Guatemala 1961 Guatemala1994Honduras1961 Guyana 1994Caribbean Community (15) - CARICOMNicaragua 1961 Haiti1994Antigua and Barbuda1974Honduras 1994Bahamas1983 Free Trade Area of the Americas (34) - Jamaica1994Barbados 1973 FTAA Mexico 1994Belize 1974 Antigua and Barbuda1994Nicaragua1994Dominica 1974 Argentina1994Panama 1994Grenada1974 Bahamas1994Paraguay 1994Guyana 1973 Barbados 1994Peru 1994Haiti2002 Belize 1994Saint Kitts and Nevis1994Jamaica1973 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 1994Saint Lucia1994Montserrat 1974 Brazil 1994Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1994Saint Kitts and Nevis1974 Canada 1994Suriname 1994Saint Lucia1974 Chile1994Trinidad and Tobago1994Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1974 Colombia 1994United States of America 1994Suriname 1995 Costa Rica 1994Uruguay1994Trinidad and Tobago1973 Dominica 1994Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1994xviii 19. DISTRIBUTION OF ECONOMIES BY TRADE GROUPAMERICA (concluded)Year of accessionYear of accessionYear of accessionLatin American IntegrationOrganization of American States (34) - OAS Peru 1951Association (12) - LAIA Antigua and Barbuda1981Saint Kitts and Nevis1984Argentina1980 Argentina1948Saint Lucia1979Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 1980 Bahamas1982Saint Vincent and theBrazil 1980 Barbados 1967Grenadines 1981Chile1980 Belize 1991Suriname 1977Colombia 1980 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 1948Trinidad and Tobago1967Cuba 1999 Brazil 1948United States of America 1951Ecuador1980 Canada 1990Uruguay1951Mexico 1980 Chile1948Venezuela (BolivarianParaguay 1980 Colombia 1948Republic of) 1951Peru 1980 Costa Rica 1948Uruguay1980 Cuba 2009Organization of Eastern CaribbeanVenezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1980 Dominica 1979States (7) - OECSDominican Republic 1948Antigua and Barbuda 1981Mercado Comn del Sur (4) - MERCOSUREcuador1948Dominica1981Argentina1994 El Salvador1948Grenada 1981Brazil 1994 Grenada1975Montserrat1981Paraguay 1994 Guatemala1948Saint Kitts and Nevis 1981Uruguay1994 Guyana 1948Saint Lucia 1981Haiti1948Saint Vincent and theNorth American Free Trade Jamaica1969 Grenadines 1981Agreement (3) - NAFTA Mexico 1948Canada 1994 Nicaragua1948Mexico 1994 Panama 1948United States of America 1994 Paraguay 1948 ASIA Year of accession Year of accessionYear of accessionAsiaPacific Trade Agreement (6) - APTA Philippines 1967 Gulf Cooperation Council (6) - GCCBangladesh1975Singapore 1967 Bahrain1981China 2001Thailand1967 Kuwait 1981India 1975Viet Nam1995 Oman 1981Lao Peoples DemocraticQatar1981Republic1975Economic Cooperation Organization (10) - Saudi Arabia 1981Republic of Korea 1975ECOUnited Arab Emirates 1981Sri Lanka 1975Afghanistan 1992Azerbaijan1992 South Asian Association forAssociation of South-East Asian Iran (Islamic Republic of)1985 Regional Cooperation (8) - SAARCNations (10) - ASEANKazakhstan1992 Afghanistan2007Brunei Darussalam1984 Kyrgyzstan1992 Bangladesh 1985Cambodia 1999 Pakistan1985 Bhutan 1985Indonesia1967 Tajikistan1992 India1985Lao Peoples Democratic Turkey1985 Maldives 1985Republic 1997 Turkmenistan1992 Nepal1985Malaysia 1967 Uzbekistan1992 Pakistan 1985Myanmar1997Sri Lanka1985EUROPEYear of accessionYear of accessionYear of accessionEuropean Free Trade Association (3) -Hungary2004 Euro area (17)EFTA Ireland1973 Austria2002Iceland 1970 Italy1957 Belgium2002Norway1960 Latvia 2004 Cyprus 2008Switzerland 1960 Lithuania2004 Estonia2011 Luxembourg 1957 Finland2002European Union (27) - EU Malta2004 France 2002Austria1995Netherlands1957 Germany2002Belgium1957Poland 2004 Greece 2002Bulgaria 2008Portugal 1986 Ireland2002Cyprus 2004Romania2008 Italy2002Czech Republic 2004Slovakia 2004 Luxembourg 2002Denmark1973Slovenia 2004 Malta2008Estonia2004Spain1986 Netherlands2002Finland1995Sweden 1995 Portugal 2002France 1957United Kingdom 1973 Slovakia 2009Germany1957Slovenia 2007Greece 1981Spain2002xix 20. DISTRIBUTION OF ECONOMIES BY TRADE GROUPOCEANIA Year of accessionMelanesia Spearhead Group (4) - MSGFiji 1998Papua New Guinea 1993Solomon Islands1993Vanuatu1993DISTRIBUTION OF ECONOMIES BY INTERREGIONAL GROUPINGAfrican, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States (79) - ACPAngola GambiaRwandaAntigua and BarbudaGhana Saint Kitts and NevisBahamasGrenada Saint LuciaBarbados GuineaSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesBelize Guinea-Bissau SamoaBeninGuyanaSao Tome and PrincipeBotswana Haiti SenegalBurkina Faso Jamaica SeychellesBurundiKenya Sierra LeoneCameroon KiribatiSolomon IslandsCape Verde Lesotho SomaliaCentral African Republic Liberia South AfricaChad MadagascarSudanComorosMalawiSurinameCongoMaliSwazilandCook Islands Marshall IslandsTimor-LesteCte dIvoireMauritaniaTogoCuba Mauritius TongaDemocratic Republic of the Congo Micronesia (Federated States of ) Trinidad and TobagoDjibouti MozambiqueUgandaDominica Namibia United Republic of TanzaniaDominican Republic Nauru VanuatuEquatorial GuineaNiger ZambiaEritreaNigeria ZimbabweEthiopia NiueFiji PalauGabonPapua New Guinea Year of accession Year of accessionYear of accessionAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (21) - Black Sea Economic Cooperation (12) - Commonwealth of IndependentAPEC BSECStates (11) - CISAustralia1989Albania 1992Armenia1991Brunei Darussalam1989Armenia 1992Azerbaijan 1991Canada 1989Azerbaijan1992Belarus1991Chile1994Bulgaria1992Kazakhstan 1991China1991Georgia 1992Kyrgyzstan 1991Hong Kong, Special Greece1992Republic of Moldova1991Administrative Region of China 1991Republic of Moldova 1992Russian Federation 1991Indonesia1989Romania 1992Tajikistan 1991Japan1989Russian Federation1992Turkmenistan 1991Malaysia 1989Serbia2004Ukraine1991Mexico 1993Turkey1992Uzbekistan 1991New Zealand1989Ukraine 1992Papua New Guinea 1993Peru 1998Philippines1989Republic of Korea1989Russian Federation 1998Singapore1989Taiwan Province of China 1991Thailand 1989United States of America 1989Viet Nam 1998xx 21. ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMSACPAfrican, Caribbean and Pacific Group of StatesANCOMAndean CommunityAPEC AsiaPacific Economic CooperationAPTA Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement (former Bangkok Agreement)ASEANAssociation of South-East Asian NationsBPMBalance of Payments Manual (IMF)BSEC Black Sea Economic CooperationCACM Central American Common MarketCARICOMCaribbean CommunityCCSA Committee for the Coordination of Statistical ActivitiesCEMACEconomic and Monetary Community of Central AfricaCEPGLEconomic Community of the Great Lakes Countriesc.i.f. cost, insurance and freightCISCommonwealth of Independent StatesCOMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern AfricaDACDevelopment Assistance Committee (of OECD)DRSDebtor Reporting SystemEACEast African CommunityECCASEconomic Community of Central African StatesECEEconomic Commission for EuropeECLACEconomic Commission for Latin America and the CaribbeanECOEconomic Cooperation OrganizationECOWAS Economic Community of West African StatesEFTA European Free Trade AssociationEIUEconomic Intelligence UnitESCAPEconomic and Social Commission for Asia and the PacificESCWAEconomic and Social Commission for Western AsiaEU European Unionexcl.excludingFAOFood and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsFDIforeign direct investmentf.o.b. free on boardFTAA Free Trade Area of the AmericasGATS General Agreement on Trade in ServicesGCCGulf Cooperation CouncilGDPgross domestic productGFCF gross fixed capital formationGNPgross national productHIPC heavily indebted poor countriesHS Harmonized SystemILOInternational Labour OrganizationIMFInternational Monetary FundLAIA Latin American Integration AssociationLDCleast developed countryMERCOSUR Mercado Comn del SurMFNmost favoured nationMRUMano River UnionMSGMelanesia Spearhead GroupNAFTANorth American Free Trade Agreementn.e.s. not elsewhere specifiedNIEnewly industrialized economiesn.i.e. not included elsewhereNPISHs non-profit institutions serving householdsOA official aidOASOrganization of American StatesODAofficial development assistanceOECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentOECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean StatesOOFother official flowsOPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting CountriesSAARCSouth Asian Association for Regional CooperationSADC Southern African Development CommunitySARSpecial Administrative RegionSDRspecial drawing rightSFRSocialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (former)SIDS Small Island Developing StatesSITC Standard International Trade ClassificationTFYR The former Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaTNCtransnational corporationTRAINS Trade Analysis and Information SystemUMAArab Maghreb UnionUN/DESA/SD United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics DivisionUNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationUNICEF United Nations Childrens FundUSSR Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicsWAEMUWest African Economic and Monetary UnionWITS World Integrated Trade SolutionWTOWorld Trade Organization xxi 22. NOTES GNRALESCes notes gnrales prsentent le contenu de chaque tableau du- Dimportantes diffrences peuvent exister entre la destinationManuel de statistiques ainsi que les modifications introduitesdes exportations dclare par les pays exportateurs et ladans cette nouvelle dition, sil y a lieu. destination relle telle quindique dans les statistiquesLes tableaux inclus dans cette publication constituent un dimportation.rsum analytique des sries chronologiques compltes publiesdans le Manuel de statistiques 2011 de la CNUCED sur DVD. TROISIME PARTIE Commerce international des marchandises par produits PREMIRE PARTIELe tableau 3.1 fournit la structure des exportations et des Commerce international des marchandisesimportations des pays par produits classs en 9 groupes (total,Les tableaux 1.1 donnent la valeur des exportations (f.a.b.) et des produits alimentaires, matires premires dorigine agricole,importations (c.a.f.) totales de marchandises, exprime en millions combustibles, minerais et mtaux, produits manufacturs, dontde dollars et en pourcentage du monde, des pays et rgionsproduits chimiques, machines et matriel de transport, articlesgographiques (1.1.1), groupements conomiques (1.1.2) et manufacturs divers) pour plusieurs annes.groupements commerciaux (1.1.3). Les flux du commerceLes tableaux 3.2A, B et C prsentent respectivement lesprsents dans le tableau 1.1.1 se rfrent au Systme du exportations par produits du monde, des conomies enCommerce Gnral, lexception des pays et territoires qui dveloppement et dveloppes, un niveau trs dtaill (CTCIutilisent le Systme du Commerce Spcial et qui sont munis dun rvision 3, position trois chiffres). Les parts que reprsenteastrisque. Le Systme du Commerce Gnral est utilis lorsquechaque produit dans les exportations du monde et de la rgion,le territoire statistique dun pays concide avec son territoiresont calcules pour chaque groupe dconomies, ainsi que leconomique, et en consquence, les importations comprennent taux annuel de croissance et lcart de ce dernier par rapport autous les biens admis sur le territoire du pays dclarant et les taux de croissance mondial.exportations tous les biens qui le quittent. Le Systme du Le tableau 3.2D tablit, pour chaque conomie, la liste desCommerce Spcial est utilis lorsque le territoire statistique neprincipaux produits quelle exporte (CTCI rvision 3, position comprend quune partie du territoire conomique lintrieur detrois chiffres). La part de chaque produit dans le total deslaquelle les biens peuvent tre couls librement sans restrictionexportations du pays, de la rgion et du monde est galementdouanire . Dans ce cas, les importations comprennent tous lesindique.biens qui entrent dans la zone de libre circulation du paysdclarant, cest--dire qui ont t ddouans pour mise la Le tableau 3.2E liste les plus gros exportateurs de 70consommation et les exportations comprennent tous les biens qui produits parmi les produits les plus exports par les conomiesquittent la zone de libre circulation du pays dclarant.en dveloppement (CTCI rvision 3, position trois chiffres),ainsi que les parts correspondantes dans le commerce mondial.Les taux dvolution annuels moyens du commerceinternational des marchandises, calculs partir des valeurs desLe tableau 3.3 fournit les indices de concentration et detableaux 1.1, figurent dans les tableaux 1. 2.changements structurels des exportations et des importationsdes produits au niveau de la CTCI (rvision 3, position troisLes tableaux 1.3 prsentent les balances commerciales chiffres). Le premier indicateur a vocation montrer comment le(exportations f.a.b. moins importations c.a.f.), ainsi que ces mmesmarch dun produit est concentr sur quelques pays ou rpartibalances en pourcentage des importations des pays, rgionsde faon plus homogne entre les pays. Lindicateur degographiques et groupements conomiques. changement structurel indique si la rpartition du commerce dunLe tableau 1.4 indique limportance des changes entre pays produit entre les pays exportateurs ou importateurs a connu unemembres de groupements commerciaux par rapport auxvolution importante par rapport une anne de rfrence.exportations rgionales et totales de ces groupements. Les totaux du commerce international des marchandisesprsents dans les tableaux de cette troisime partie peuventaussi tre diffrents des donnes des premire et deuxime DEUXIME PARTIEparties pour les raisons prcdemment cites, auxquelles il Commerce international des marchandises par rgionsconvient dajouter des marges dexportations et dimportationsLe tableau 2.1 prsente la structure des exportations et desnon distribues par groupes de produits ou lutilisation deimportations des pays par rgions de destination et dorigine. Le nomenclatures diffrentes de produits par le pays exportateur etplus grand nombre possible de pays en dveloppement sont inclus le pays importateur.tandis que les partenaires commerciaux sont regroups en 14groupes considrs comme particulirement importants pourlanalyse du commerce international.QUATRIME PARTIELes tableaux 2.2 (A L) indiquent la structure des exportationsIndicateurs du commerce international des marchandisespar destination ainsi que des importations par origine et par Les tableaux 4.1 contiennent les rsultats du calcul des indicesgroupes de produits pour le monde et une slection de 12de concentration et de diversification des pays, rgionsgroupements de pays. Le tableau fournit une information dtaille gographiques et groupements conomiques. Cet indice desur le rseau du commerce international avec le monde, 19 concentration a vocation montrer comment les exportations etrgions dorigine et de destination, et pour six diffrents groupes deimportations dun pays ou groupe de pays sont concentres surproduits. quelques produits ou rparties de faon plus homogne sur uneLes totaux du commerce international des marchandises gamme de produits. Lindicateur de diversification indique si laprsents dans les tableaux des premire et deuxime parties ne structure par produits des exportations ou importations dun payssont pas strictement comparables en raison de sources ou groupe de pays diverge de la structure par produits observecomplmentaires mais diffrentes et dune marge dexportations et au niveau du monde.dimportations non distribues, en dpit des efforts dploys pourLes tableaux 4.2 fournissent les indices de volume desrpartir les flux commerciaux par destinations et origines. exportations et des importations compltant ainsi linformation enLes exportations ventiles par destinations peuvent accuser unvaleur disponible dans les tableaux 1.1 et 1.2, les indices de lacart parfois considrable par rapport aux importations dclares valeur unitaire des exportations et importations ainsi que lespar les pays destinataires en raison de divers facteurs dont les plus indices de termes de lchange et le pouvoir dachat desimportants sont les suivants :exportations drivs des indices de valeur unitaire. Ces indicessont calculs au niveau des pays et rgions gographiques (4.2.1)- Les importations sont dclares en principe valeur c.a.f. pluttet des groupements conomiques (4.2.2).que valeur f.a.b.;Afin damliorer la couverture des donnes et spcialement pour- Les importations de marchandises peuvent arriver destinationles annes rcentes, la mthode suivante a t utilise pour leet tre enregistres longtemps aprs la date de leurcalcul des valeurs unitaires :enregistrement lexportation ;- Un ensemble dindices de prix moyens au niveau des groupes dela CTCI (rvision 3, position 3 chiffres) a t construit en utilisantdes donnes provenant de UNCTADstat Statistiques des produits xxii 23. NOTES GNRALESde base, des sources internationales et nationales ainsi que des SIXIME PARTIEestimations du secrtariat de la CNUCED.Produits de base- Au niveau des pays individuels, les indices de la valeur unitaireLe tableau 6.1 donne les indices annuels et trimestriels de prix enont t calculs en utilisant comme pondration les valeurs desdollars courants sur le march libre dune slection de produitsexportations et des importations de lanne courante disponibles de base exports par les conomies en dveloppement. Cesdans la table 3.2 au niveau de la CTCI (rvision 3, position 3 indices sont aussi disponibles au niveau des groupes de produitschiffres). de base suivants : produits alimentaires, boissons tropicales,Dans certains cas ces indices peuvent diffrer des estimations huiles et graines olagineuses, matires premires doriginepublies dans les sources officielles, le but principal tant de fournir agricole, minraux, minerais et mtaux ainsi quun indice dedes estimations approximatives et comparables pour la plupart deslensemble. Les pondrations ont t calcules partir de lapays en dveloppement. valeur des exportations des pays en dveloppement de 1999 Le tableau 4.3 contient les donnes sur les droits de douane2001 et les indices en utilisant 2000=100 comme anne de base.NPF moyens appliqus limportation des principales catgoriesLe tableau 6.2 complte linformation sur les prix des produitsde produits non-agricoles et non-ptroliers, par marchs individuels.de base par les indices dinstabilit et les tendances de prix sur le march libre dune slection de produits de base ayant une importance particulire pour les conomies en dveloppement. CINQUIME PARTIECommerce international des servicesLes tableaux 5.1.1, 5.1.2 et 5.1.3 prsentent la valeur desSEPTIME PARTIEexportations et des importations totales des services par pays, Finance internationalepar rgions gographiques, groupements conomiques etgroupements commerciaux. Les tableaux incluent les valeurs des Les tableaux 7.1.1, 7.1.2 et 7.1.3 fournissent les valeurs deexportations (crdits) et des importations (dbits) des services compte courant net par pays, par rgions et par groupementsqui proviennent des statistiques sur les transactionsconomiques et commerciaux. Les chiffres sont prsents eninternationales de services, telles quelles sont prsentes dansmillions de dollars, ainsi quen pourcentage du produit intrieurles Statistiques de la balance des paiements du FMI. Les brut. Le compte des transactions courantes de la balance desservices sont dfinis comme rendements conomiques depaiements recouvre toutes les transactions entre entitsproduits intangibles qui peuvent tre produits, transfrs etrsidentes et non-rsidentes de lconomie dclarante. Enconsomms au mme moment. Cependant, les servicesgnral, la balance du compte courant indique la diffrence entrerecouvrent un groupe large et htrogne de produits etles recettes et les paiements pour les biens, les services et lesdactivits que lon peut difficilement englober dans une dfinition.revenus faisant partie des transactions internationales. De mme,Parfois, la dmarcation entre services et marchandises nest pas de la perspective nationale, la balance du compte courantaise. Les services sont produits sur commande et ontreprsente lcart entre les pargnes nationales etgnralement pour rsultat un changement des conditions deslinvestissement intrieur.consommateurs qui ont demand ces services. Pour que la Les tableaux 7.2.1, 7.2.2 et 7.2.3 sont consacrs auxproduction dun service soit termine, il doit tre fourni auinvestissements directs en provenance de ltranger (IED). Ilsconsommateur.reprsentent les flux entrants et sortants de lIED par pays etLes chiffres couvrent les 11 catgories principales de servicesrgionsgographiques,groupements conomiquesetconformment la dfinition du Manuel de la balance des groupements commerciaux. Les chiffres correspondent auxpaiements du FMI (MBP5, 1993). Ces catgories comprennent :donnes contenues dans lAnnexe statistique du Worldles transports; les voyages; les communications; le btiment etInvestment Report 2011 de la CNUCED. Linvestissementles travaux publics; les assurances; les services financiers;tranger direct (IED) est un investissement impliquant unelinformatique et linformation; les redevances et droits de licence;relation long terme et tmoignant de lintrt durable duneles autres services aux entreprises; les services personnels,entit rsidant dans un pays (investisseur tranger direct ouculturels et relatifs aux loisirs; et les services fournis ou reus parsocit mre) lgard dune entreprise rsidant dans un autreles administrations publiques. De manire gnrale, les difficultspays (entreprise bnficiaire, entreprise affilie, ou encore filiale mesurer statistiquement la valeur du commerce des services trangre). Cet investissement englobe la fois la transactionpersistent et les donnes de la balance des paiements sur lesinitiale entre les deux entits et toutes les transactions ultrieuresservices peuvent tre infrieures la valeur des transactions entre elles et entre filiales trangres, quelles soient constituesrelles. Les agrgats inclus dans le tableau 5.1 comprennent les ou non en socits. Lentreprise dinvestissement direct estvaleurs manquantes, estimes par le secrtariat de la CNUCED,dfinie comme une entreprise dote ou non de la