UMTS-WCDMA Technology Overview 211110

UMTS/WCDMATechnology Overview

Created by

Sandeep B.Patil (Trainer, ALUMS)

09322286777

All Lights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2010

WCDMA Technology Overview

Course Contents :

� Introduction

� 3G and UMTS/WCDMA overview

� WCDMA Radio Concepts and Procedures

� WCDMA Protocols layers and Channels

� WCDMA Power Controls and Handovers

� Basic UE Call flow Procedures and Operations

� High Speed Downlink Packet Access( HSDPA)

� High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)

� Introduce HSPA +

2


Objectives

At the end of this training session,participants would be able to :

� Describe the main UMTS/WCDMA requirements.

� Explain fundamental WCDMA concepts.

� Understand WCDMA Protocol layers and Channels.

� Know the types of Power control and Handovers.

� Understand the Basic UE Call flows.

� Illustrate the main HSDPA and HSUPA concepts and Principles.

� Introduce HSPA+

3


Chapter 1

Introduction



Mobile Generation from 2G to 3G


Doing NEW things

Individual new services?

Technology?

Doing things BETTER

Doing things FASTER

… … by taking mobile multimedia services to a new level

… faster speeds for user-friendly delivery of larger content

… providing mass-market network capacity

��

3G is about improving the end-user experience

What is 3G all about?


� A single network architecture and single radio interface for

all the networks of the world.

� Same set of services with same behavior any where in the

world.

� To realize global roaming.

One World, One Vision, One Network

3G VISION


What is 3G or IMT-2000

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defined the

key requirements for International Mobile Telecommunications

2000 (IMT-2000) services, commonly known as……

3G

10

3G requirements

Improved system capacity, backward compatibility with Second Generation

(2G) systems , multimedia support, and high speed packet data services

meeting the following criteria:

� 2 Mbps in fixed or in-building environments

� 384 kbps in pedestrian or urban environments

� 144 kbps in wide area mobile environments


What is UMTS ?

What is Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)?

� An IMT-2000 standard – 3G mobile wireless solution.

� Designed to be deployed reusing most parts of the GSM/GPRS

(General Packet Radio Service) core network (a key driver in

standardization!)

� UMTS uses a totally new CDMA-based Radio Access

technology in the form of WCDMA.

� Supports multiple services, better quality of service (QoS)

differentiation and higher data rates (up to 14 Mbps).

11


� Increase in Subscribers and Traffic

� New BW consuming applications like gaming, video

streaming… place new demands on capacity.

Solution : New technique - Wideband CDMA (WCDMA)

12

WCDMA ~ Why ?


W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division multiple Access)

Or

UMTS-FDD / UTRA-FDD

Or

IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread

An air interface standard found in 3G mobile

telecommunications networks.

The ITU accepted W-CDMA as part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G standards.

Later, W-CDMA was selected as an air interface for UMTS.

13

WCDMA ~ What ?


The world's first commercial W-CDMA service, FOMA,

was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in 2001.

14

WCDMA ~ Who ?

7.2 Mbit/s 5.7 Mbit/s

FOMA High-Speed (HSUPA services)


Releases Data Transfer Speed Features

Release 9964 Kbps : Circuit switched384 kbps : Packet switched

Bearer Services

Location servicesCall services compatible with GSM based on USIM

Release 4Downlink : 384 KbpsUplink : 384 Kbps

Multimedia messaging

Improved location ServicesIP Multimedia Services (IMS)

Release 5Downlink :1.8Mbps-7.2MbpsUplink :384 Kbps

HSDPA

Ipv6,IP transport in UTRANIP Multimedia System(IMS)

Release 6Downlink : 7.2MbpsUplink : 5.8 Mbps

HSUPA

Multimedia broadcast and multicast

WLAN integrationImprovement in MS

Release 7Downlink : 40MbpsUplink : 10Mbps

64 QAM , MIMO

VoIP over HSPACPC – continuous packet connectivity

3GPP Releases


QOS Classes

16


GSM/EDGE UMTS

Generation 2.75 G 3G

Access Method TDMA WCDMACarrier Frequency

Bandwidth 200 KHz 5 MHz

Radio Network GERAN UTRAN

Core Network MSC/GMSC MSC/GMSC

MGW/GMGW

GPRS Network SGSN/GGSN SGSN/GGSN

UMTS and GSM/EDGE can share a Core Network (CN),making UTRAN an alternative radio access network to GERAN (GSM/EDGE RAN)

GSM vs WCDMA


CDMA vs WCDMA

CDMA 2000 UMTS

Generation 3G 3G

Access Method CDMA WCDMA

Carrier Frequency

Bandwidth 1.25 MHz 5MHz

Chip rate 1.22Mcps 3.84Mcps


Benefits of Wideband carrier :

� Support for higher bit rates.

� BW on demand

� Asymmetric Data Rates

� Higher spectrum efficiency.

� Improved Trunking efficiency.

� Higher QoS.

19

WCDMA Benefits


HTTP - Request

(In Kilobytes)

HTTP - Response

(In Megabytes)

�Channels with different bandwidths in UL & DL direction lead to

efficient radio spectrum utilization.

�Useful for applications such as web access and cable TV.

HTTP Server

3G Network

WCDMA ~ Asymmetric Data Rates


RAN CN

Text only = Low Data Rate

or

Multimedia =

High Data Rate

SN

WCDMA ~ Bandwidth on Demand


� Varying BWs depending on the service requirements

� Different channels may have different QoS services

Voice Service

Internet Access

Video Access

3G Network

WCDMA Benefits


Internet

WirelessNetwork

E-mail/Voicemail

Stocks

Weather

Horoscope

TravelInfoTravelInfo

MapsMaps

WCDMA ~ Data Services over Wireless

Maps

M-Commerce

MessagingNews

Travel Info


WCDMA ~ Data Services over Wireless



3G

and

UMTS/WCDMA

Fundamentals

Chapter 2


The frequency bands originally defined by the ITU are

Europe UMTS-2100

1920 –1980 MHz (uplink) 2110–2170 MHz (downlink)

America UMTS-1900 and UMTS-850

1850–1910 MHz (uplink) 824-849 MHz (uplink)1930–1990 MHz (downlink) 869-894 MHz (downlink)

Japan UMTS-800

830-840 MHz (uplink)875-885 MHz (downlink)

UMTS Spectrum


UMTS Spectrum for Reliance

3G Service Area Uplink Downlink

Mumbai 1959-1964 MHz 2149-2154 MHz

Delhi 1974-1979 MHz 2164-2169 MHz

Kolkata 1974-1979 MHz 2164-2169 MHz

Punjab 1964-1969 MHz 2154-2159 MHz

Rajasthan 1959-1964 MHz 2149-2154 MHz

Madhya Pradesh 1969-1974 MHz 2159-2164 MHz

West Bengal 1964-1969 MHz 2154-2159 MHz

Himachal Pradesh 1974-1979 MHz 2164-2169 MHz

Bihar 1969-1974 MHz 2159-2164 MHz

Orissa 1974-1979 MHz 2164-2169 MHz

Assam 1959-1964 MHz 2149-2154 MHz

North East 1974-1979 MHz 2164-2169 MHz

Jammu & Kashmir 1969-1974 MHz 2159-2164 MHz


UMTS Spectrum


UMTS/WCDMA terminology

29


UMTS Network architecture


A UMTS system consists of three major subsystems:

� User Equipment (UE) – May be a mobile, a fixed station, a data terminal, etc.

includes a USIM, which contains all of a user’s subscription information.

� Access Network – Includes all of the radio equipment necessary for

accessing the network.

� Core Network – Includes all of the switching and routing capability for

connecting to either the PSTN or a Packet Data Network ,for mobility and

subscriber location management and for authentication services.

UMTS Network architecture


User Equipment

32

It is an application that manages UE subscription information and

authentication functions.

Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)


UTRAN

33


UTRAN –Network Element

34


UTRAN –Network Element

35


Core Network

36


UMTS Network topology

37


� In the circuit-switched domain, a collection of cells controlled by multiple

Node Bs is called a Location Area (LA). Mobility management for circuit-

switched operations is based on Location Areas.

� In the packet-switched domain, mobility management for packet-switched

operations is based on Routing Areas (RA).

� Cell, LAs, and RAs are also grouped into UTRAN Registration Areas (URA).

These are used to manage the location of the UE in the UTRAN while it is

operating in UTRA connected mode.

� An RA shall be a subset of one and only one LA (a RA cannot span more

than one LA). A Routing Area may be identical to a Location Area, or there

may be multiple Routing Areas within a given Location Area.

� A UTRAN Registration Area will probably be smaller than an LA or RA,

though this is not required.

� Up to eight URAs may be identified within a cell.

38

UMTS Network topology


Subscriber and UE identifiers

Subscriber Identifiers are stored in the USIM

� International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)

� Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)

� Packet Switched Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity ( P-TMSI)

UE Identifiers are stored in the Mobile

� International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)

� Cell Radio Network Temporary Identity ( C-RNTI )

� UTRAN Radio Network Temporary Identity (U-RNTI)

39



40

� Subscriber’ s permanent ID

� Assigned by the service provider when the subscription is activated

� Stored in the USIM and the HLR



41

XY =

00 -TMSI

01- TMSI

10- TMSI

11- P-TMSI

•All other bits are arbitrary assigned by VLR or SGSN

•A value of all 1’s is not valid


SRNC : Serving Radio Network Controller

S-RNTI : SRNC Radio Network Temporary Identity




IMEI : International Mobile Equipment Identity

� Mobile Permanent ID

� Assigned at the factory

� Only used over the air if the USIM is not available or

if requested by the Network


3GPP Release 99/R3 Architecture

44


3GPP Release R4 Architecture


3GPP Release R5 Architecture



WCDMA

Radio Concepts

and

Procedures

Chapter 3


Multiple Access methods

48


Frequency Reuse

49

WCDMA allows Universal Frequency Reuse which is the ability to reuse

the same radio channel frequency throughout the network.


Spreading Spreading is the process by which information at the lower rate (lower

bandwidth) is spread across a wider bandwidth ( at higher rate).

Uplink and Downlink data streams are spread to a chip rate(3.84Mcps)

using Orthogonal codes – Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF)

codes.

All OVSF codes are orthogonal to each other and they form a code tree to

get multiple spreading factors which will allow support for users at

different data rates.

The channelization codes are OVSF codes that preserves the orthogonality

between user’s different physical channels.

50

Spreading and Scrambling



� If data bit rate is 30kbps and spreaded to a chip rate of

3.84 Mcps ,then the spreading factor is 128.


Scrambling In order to separate the signals coming from different cells in the

downlink and the signals coming from different users in the Uplink,

Scrambling codes are used on the top of Channelization (OVSF)codes.

GOLD codes have been chosen as Scrambling codes in UMTS networks.

Gold codes are Pseudorandom Noise (PN)sequences having good cross

correlation properties which is good for separating cells and users.

52



The channelization codes are defined as where SF is the spreading

factor of the code and k is the code no. 0<k<SF-1

OVSF Tree



Downlink Scrambling Codes:

In the downlink the scrambling code (or long code) is used to identify a

particular cell.

A total of = 2,62,143 scrambling codes can be generated.

However truncated to a length of one 10ms radio frame so that each

code is 38400 chips long.

Only first 8192 codes are used and broken into 512 groups each consisting

of a primary code and 15 secondary codes.

Each cell is allocated one and only one scrambling code.

The primary CCPCH is always transmitted using primary scrambling

code while other downlink channels can be transmitted with either

primary or secondary code.


Two cells with the same PSC cannot overlap.


Uplink Scrambling Codes:


There are = 16,777,232 uplink scrambling codes.

Either Short or Long scrambling codes can be used on the Uplink.

The short scrambling codes are used with MUD ( Multi user detection)

The Uplink scrambling code is decided by the network and the mobile

is informed in the downlink access grant message what scrambling

code to use.

The uplink scrambling code has a period of one radio frame so that

each code length is 38400 chips ( long) and or 66.7ms to have 256

chips( short).


Channelisation code Scrambling code

Use

Uplink: Separation of physical data( DPDCH)

and control channels ( DPCCH) from the same

terminal(UE)

Downlink: Separation of downlink dedicated

user channels within a cell

Uplink: Separation of terminals(UE’s)

Downlink: Separation of sectors (cell)

Length

Variable (depends on the user allocation)

Uplink : 4- 256

Downlink : 4- 512

Uplink : 10ms 38400 chips(long)

66.7ms 256 chips (short)

Downlink: 10ms 38400 chips

Number

of codes

Depends on the spreading factor (SF) Uplink: Several millions

Downlink: 512




An example to know how the different codes are used within the

WCDMA system.

It is usual that cells 1 and 2 will be transmitting and receiving on

the same frequency.


BS1 transmits a single signal which includes the channelization code for

user 1 (Ccu1)and the channelization code for user 2 (Ccu2), both of which

are unified under a single scrambling code (Csbs1).

In the downlink for cell 2 the same situation occurs with the exception that

the scrambling code (Csbs2) must be different to that of cell 1.

However, the same channelization codes which are used in cell 1 can also

be used in cell 2.

In the uplink each of the mobile devices is identified by its scrambling code

(Csu1..4). The mobile devices can all use the same channelization codes

since these are concealed by the unique scrambling code.




WCDMA

Protocol layers

and

Channels

Chapter 4


UMTS Signaling protocols

Access Stratum (AS) protocols run between UE and UTRAN.

o Implements radio access between the UE and the UTRAN

o Includes all functions related to transmission and reception over the

radio interface, handovers, radio link setup etc.

o Based on WCDMA technology

Non-Access stratum (NAS) protocols run between the UE and the CN

o Establishes and manages connection between the UE and CN networks

o Provide mobility functions such as location management and

inter-network handovers. i.e. interoperability between UMTS and GSM.


UMTS Signaling protocol stack

66


Protocol stack

67

Circuit Switched Control Plane


Circuit Switched User Plane

Protocol stack


Protocol stack

Packet Switched Control Plane


Packet Switched User Plane

Protocol stack


Access Stratum

71

The Access Stratum consists of the following layers:

Layer 3

• Radio Resource Control (RRC)

Layer 2

• Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)

• Broadcast/Multicast Control (BMC)

• Radio Link Control (RLC)

• Medium Access Control (MAC)

Layer 1

• Physical Layer (PHY or L1)


Access Stratum

72


Access Stratum


Data flow between layers is represented by:

� Radio Bearers – Carry signaling between peer RRC entities or carry

user data between peer application layer entities.

� Logical Channels – Carry signaling and user data between peer

RLC entities.

� Transport Channels – Carry signaling and user data between peer

MAC entities.

� Physical Channels – Carry signaling and user data over the radio

link.

Access Stratum


Layer 3-RRC

75


Layer 2 –Radio link control


Radio Link Control (RLC) provides segmentation and retransmission

service for both the RRC signaling (the Signaling Radio Bearer) and for

the user data (the Radio Access Bearer).

RLC operates in one of three modes:

� Transparent Mode (TM) – In this mode, the RLC layer adds no

overhead. AMR speech uses transparent mode.

� Unacknowledged Mode (UM) – In this mode, there are no RLC layer

retransmissions. This is used by applications that can tolerate some

loss of packets and/or cannot tolerate the variations in delay that

retransmission would produce. Voice over IP uses unacknowledged

mode.

� Acknowledged Mode (AM) – Employs RLC layer retransmissions to

provide assured delivery of packets.

77

Layer 2 –Radio link control


Layer 2 –PDPC and BMC

78


Layer 2 –Medium Access Control


Layer 1 –Physical Layer


Layer 1-Physical layer

81

� The physical layer is structured into radio frames, each of

10ms duration and a radio frame is divided into 15 time slots.

� Blocks of data are transferred across air interface in each

radio frame and the data rate at which information is sent

may change with radio frame granularity.

� All time slots of a same TDMA frame have the same bit rate.

The bit rate may be changed for each frame.

� Fast power control may be performed for each time slot (1500 Hz).


Transport Channel Multiplexing

82

Two transport channels are processed

and then combined into a single channel

referred as coded composite transport

channel (CCTrCH).

The composite channel is spread with

the appropriate codes and then

modulated for transmission.

This multiplexing of channel is done at

physical layer which allows one user to

have a number of simultaneous

transport channels with their own QOS

profile.

The process of CRC, Turbo coding,

interleaving are designed to ensure that

data is transferred reliably across Uu

interface


UTRAN Protocols

83


UTRAN Protocols

84


UTRAN Protocols

85

Interfaces

Interfaces are the logical connections between the network elements.

Iu-CS : Interface between the RNC and the Circuit Switched Core

Network (CS-CN).

Iu-PS : Interface between the RNC and the Packet Switched Core

Network (PS-CN)

Iub : Interface between the RNC and the Node B

Iur : Interface between RNCs in the same network

Iur interface is mainly needed for soft Handovers involving 2 RNCs

though not required as the absence of Iur will cause these handovers

to become hard handovers.


UTRAN Protocols


UTRAN Protocols

The same general protocol model is applied for all Iu Interfaces

Application Protocol -NBAP for Iub interface

- RNSAP for Iur interface

- RANAP for Iu-CS and Iu-PS interfaces


UTRAN Protocols

Iub Protocols

(ALCAP signaling is used to set up AAL2 connections for Data Streams, NBAP & AAL2 are carried on AAL5)


UTRAN Protocols

Iur Protocols

(ALCAP signaling is used to set up AAL2 connections for Data Streams, RNSAP AAL2 are carried on AAL5)


UMTS Radio Channels

93


UMTS Radio Channels


Channel Mapping

96


Channel Mapping

97


Channel Mapping

98


Channel Mapping

99

Idle mode


Channel Mapping

100

Connected mode


Channel Mapping

101

Dedicated Channels


Why Transport Channels?

A transport channel offers a flexible pattern to arrange information on any

service-specific rate, delay or coding before mapping it on a physical channel:

• it provides flexibility in traffic variation

• it enables multiplexing of transport channels on the same physical

channel

The logical channels are mapped on the transport channels by the MAC

protocols.

By this way the data are processed according to the QoS required before

sending them to the Node B by the Iub.



A transport channel is defined by a Transport Format (TF) which may

change every Time Transmission Interval (TTI).

The TF is made of a Transport Block Set. The Transport Block size and

the number of Transport Block inside the set are dynamical parameters.

The TTI is a static parameter and is set typically at 10, 20 or 40 ms.


Time slot mapping


Time slot mapping

106



WCDMA Power control

and

Handovers

Chapter 5


Power Control

108

Weak Signal

Strong Signal

Distant User

Near By User


Power Control


WCDMA Power Control


Uplink Open Loop Power Control

� UE estimates its minimum required transmit power.

� Power is based on received power measurement and signaled

transmit power information.

� Used on Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH).

� Used at the start of a dedicated Physical Channel.


Uplink Closed Loop Power Control

Fast power control is also known as closed inner loop power

control, and runs at 1500 Hz. The transmitter gets commands

1500 times a second from the receiver to either increase or

decrease its power.


For voice calls, good quality of service may be approximately 1% BLER.

To maintain a 1% BLER, a specific signal-to-interference (SIR) target

may be required.

If the user is in a bad fading environment (moving fast in a cluttered

environment), then the user needs a higher SIR target than a user in a

better fading environment (slow moving, not much clutter).

As both users require a 1% BLER, it is the job of power control to find

the right SIR target. The process of finding the right SIR target is called

outer loop power control.

Different services may have different SIR target values.




Outer Loop (Slow PC)

An SIR target algorithm based on BLER may be adjusted slowly. Since

BLER is based on CRCs, and AMR voice CRCs are received on 20 ms TTI

boundaries, the fastest this outer loop power control method can be

adjusted is 50 times a second.

Inner Loop (Fast PC)

The SIR estimate must be calculated every slot (15 times per 10 ms radio

frame), since the DPCCH’s Pilot is present every slot. The inner loop is

given the SIR target, and compares the SIR estimate to the SIR target.

If the SIR estimate is greater than the SIR target, inner loop signals the

transmitter to power down.

If the SIR estimate is less than the SIR target, inner loop signals the

transmitter to power up. This happens quickly, 1500 times a second, to

rapidly compensate for quickly changing fading conditions.


Downlink Closed Loop Power Control


The UE runs its own Downlink closed loop power control algorithm.

The outer-loop algorithm is unspecified.

In one algorithm, the UE measures the BLER over a number of

frames and increases or decreases the SIR target.

Based on the SIR target and the SIR estimate, the UE tells UTRAN

to either increase or decrease the transmit power of its dedicated

channel.

The Node B’s range of power adjustment for its dedicated channel

may be around 20 dB.

Downlink power control (inner-loop) is run at either 1500 or 500 Hz.

Downlink Closed Loop Power Control


WCDMA Soft Handover

UE can maintain connections to multiple cells in soft handover.


Advantages of Soft Handover

� Reduces interference and transmit power required

� Increases capacity

� Reduces dropped calls

� Improves voice quality

WCDMA Soft Handover

Variations of soft handover include:

� Soft Handover – involves traffic channels from more than

one Node B.

� Softer Handover - involves traffic channels from two sectors

of one Node B.

� Soft/Softer Handover – involves more than one Node B and

two sectors of one Node B.


Cell Reselection versus Handover

121


Cell Reselection vs. Handover

Cell reselection is the process of selecting a new cell when the UE is not

operating on a dedicated Traffic Channel.

The UE selects a new cell autonomously without requiring intervention

from UTRAN. However, UTRAN provides parameters in the system

information messages that influence the UE’s cell reselection decision.

Handover

Handover is the process of adding or removing cells with which the UE

is communicating on a dedicated Traffic Channel.

The UE assists in the process by taking measurements of the signal

strength of neighbor cells and reporting this to UTRAN, but ultimately

UTRAN decides when to perform a handover.



Cell Categories

124


WCDMA Soft Handover

125


WCDMA Soft Handover

126


Inter BSC Soft Handover

WCDMA Soft Handover


Soft-Softer Handover

WCDMA Soft Handover


Inter-RAT Hard Handover

129


Uplink Power Control in Soft Handover

130


When a UE is involved in a soft handover, it may receive conflicting

power control commands from the different Node Bs.

The UE resolves this conflict using a simple rule: if any Node B

commands the UE to reduce power, it will reduce power. This is called

OR of the downs.

In the event of a multi-cell (same Node B) handoff, the UE should

receive identical commands from the two cells.

Knowing this, the UE “soft combines” the bits before making a decision

on the value of the bit. Here, there is no OR of the downs. The reason is

that if the signal is from two cells but the same Node B, the signal likely

experiences the same general fading environment.

Uplink Power Control in Soft Handover

During handover, there can be up to six sets of TPC indices, one index from

each Node B. If the TPC index is the same, this means those cells correspond

to the same Node B. If the Node Bs are different, signaled by a different TPC

index, then the Node Bs are in different fading environments.

The UE powers down if any of the Node Bs transmit a power down command

(OR of the downs).



Basic UE Call Flow

Procedures

and

Operations

Chapter 6


When Phone is turned ON ?

133


What Happens when the Phone is turned on?

When a UE is first powered up, it begins to search for a suitable

system by deciding which band and Absolute Radio Frequency

Channel Number (ARFCN) to search.

In most cases, the UE attempts to find a suitable cell on the list

of frequencies that the UE has camped on in the past, or from

information provided from the operator.

Initial system acquisition in WCDMA is performed as a three-step search

process:

1. Slot Synchronization – Use P-SCH to find slot timing.

2. Frame Synchronization and Code Group Identification –

Find the start of the 10 ms frame and reduce the number of PSCs to

search in Step 3 from 512 to 8.

3. Scrambling Code Identification – Find the correct PSC

(out of 8 possible).

When Phone is turned ON ?


Call Establishment

135


Mobile Originated Voice Call Flow

136


Mobile Originated Voice Call Flow


Packet Switched Data Call Flow

138


Packet Switched Data Call Flow


Mobile Terminated Voice Call Setup

140


Mobile Terminated Voice Call Setup


Call Release

142


Call Release


UE Procedures at Power Off

144


UMTS Security Overview

145


AKA Parameters

148


AKA Parameters


UE Radio Connection States

150


UE Radio Connection States


UE UTRA States – Idle Mode

152


UE UTRA States – CELL_FACH State

153


UE UTRA States – CELL_PCH State

154


UE UTRA States – URA_PCH State

155


UE UTRA States – Relation to NAS States

156


Overview of Voice and Data Services

157


Voice Services

158


Voice Services – AMR Voice Codec

159


Packet Switched Data Services –Overview

160


Packet Switched Data Services –Procedures

161


Quality of Service

162


Quality of Service


QoS – UMTS Traffic Classes

164

Delay and Error Tolerance


Concurrent Services

165


Concurrent Services



Basic Concepts

Of

HSDPA & HSUPA

Chapter 7


HSDPA and HSUPA

168


UMTS Data Rate Evolution

169


HSDPA Basic Concepts

170


HSDPA Basic Concepts


Multi-Code Operation

172


Adaptive Modulation and Coding

173


Node B Transmit Power Allocation

174


HARQ Protocol

175


HSDPA Scheduling and Retransmissions

176


HSDPA Channels

177


HSDPA Channels

178


HSDPA Channel Mapping

Only dedicated logical channels may be mapped to HS-DSCH.

The Dedicated Signaling Channel (DCCH) may be mapped to HS-DSCH,

though the more important mapping is to DTCH, which carries user data.

When DTCH is mapped to HS-DSCH, only Unacknowledged Mode (UM)

And Acknowledged Mode (AM) channels may be used.

A UE operating in HSDPA mode also has at least one Release 99 dedicated

channel (DCH/DPDCH) allocated, to ensure that RRC and NAS signaling

can always be sent, even if the UE cannot receive the high speed channels.

The HS-DPCCH is a physical layer control channel. It carries no upper

Layer information, and therefore has no logical or transport channel

mapping.

179


HSDPA Functional Overview

180


The UE is served from one Serving HS-DSCH cell only.

From this cell, we have these Physical Layer channels operating:

� HS-PDSCH (DL) – carries high speed user data shared by

several UEs.

� HS-SCCH (DL) – carries control information for HSDPA use.

� HS-DPCCH (UL) – the HS-DPCCH caries UL feedback information

including the HARQ feedback to indicate if the

packet on the DL was received correctly.

The HS-DPCCH runs in parallel with the R99 DPCHs that carry the

DCH. This leaves the DCH operation unchanged and enables DCH

operation in soft handoff.

� R99 DPCHs (UL and DL) – these channels can operate in soft

handover and carry DCHs, which carry user and control data

and can operate when the UE is out of HSDPA coverage.

HSDPA Functional Overview


Overall Comparison Summary

182


Change of Serving Node B – Repointing

183


Serving Node B Change

HSDPA channels do not operate in soft handover.

For a given UE, the Node B from which it receives the HSDPA

channels is called the Serving Node B.

The UE may be in soft handover on the associated Dedicated

Physical Channel (DPCH).

If the radio conditions change such that there is a better cell on

another Node B for HSDPA operations, the Serving HSDPA

Node B change procedure is performed.

This procedure occurs independently from the Active Set Update

procedure.

Change of Serving Node B – Repointing


HSDPA Performance Summary

185


High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)

186


Applications Requiring an Improved Uplink

187


Release 99 Uplink Limitations

188


Enhancements Provided by HSUPA

189


High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)

190


How are HSUPA Enhancements Achieved?

191


Theoretical HSUPA Maximum Data Rate

192


New UL Transport Channel

193

Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel (E-DCH)


New Uplink Physical Channels

194


New Downlink Physical Channels

195


New Channels in HSUPA Operation

196


HSUPA Channels Mapping

197


HSUPA Channels Mapping


HSUPA Features – Hybrid ARQ

199


HSUPA Features – HARQ Operation

HARQ is based on the Stop-and-Wait (SAW) Protocol. A stop and

wait protocol transmits a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) of information

and then waits for a response.

The receiver receives each PDU and sends an Acknowledgement

(ACK) PDU if a data PDU is received correctly, and a Negative

Acknowledgement (NACK) PDU if the data was not received.

Rel6 HSUPA employs HARQ (as well as HSDPA), but does not support

higher modulation schemes (e.g., 16 QAM) or Adaptive Modulation

(features added in Rel7).

HSUPA does use Adaptive Coding, which adjusts the amount of error

correction depending on loading and channel conditions.

Unlike HARQ in HSDPA, HARQ in HSUPA is fully synchronous.

Another difference is that HSUPA supports UL soft handover.

This means that HARQ can involve ACK/NACKs from more than

one Node B.

HSUPA Features – Hybrid ARQ


HSUPA versus Release 99 –Data Transmission

201


HSUPA versus Release 99 –Rate Adaptation

202


HSUPA vs. HSDPA

203



Evolution of UMTS

Release 7 HSPA +

an introduction

Chapter 8


Goals For HSPA+ In Release 7

205


HSPA+ Features in Release 7

206


MIMO and Higher Order Modulation

207


What is MIMO?

208


Higher Order Modulations in Release 7

209


Continuous Packet Connectivity (CPC) and Other

Enhancements

210


HSPA+ Advantages

211


Your Questions ???????????

Send your queries to

[email protected]

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UMTS-WCDMA Technology Overview 211110

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