U Sobana (4.8.2006) 3 · aemuf odu©mxyfuHtwGuf OyorÜ'g ur®0gpmukd zwfaomtcgüum; q&mawmf\...

$: U Sobana (4.8.2006) 3 · aemuf odu©mxyfuHtwGuf OyorÜ'g ur®0gpmukd zwfaomtcgüum; q&mawmf\ ur®0gpm&GwfzwfoHrSm tjcm;yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ &GwfzwfoHESifh rwlbJ wpfrluGJjym; …$
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pma&;olu --

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0denf;vnf; (od&efoif,lavhvm) odorQvnf; tpGrf;ukef vkduf-emusifhol?


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tcsKday:oumavmif;vkdufonfrSm oumawG rsm;vGef;í AGuf-aygufukefNyD xifygonf? oumrBudKufolrsm; oumukd z,fí tcsdKukd-om pm;Muygukefavmh/

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t&Sifaombe t&Sifaombe t&Sifaombe t&Sifaombe t&Sifaombe (anmifav;yif)rd*'g0kefausmif;wkduf

1368-ckESpf? 0gqkdvuG,f?(24.7.2006) wevFmaeY/


yJcl;-0if;edr®dwm½kHq&mawmf

t&SifrkedE´mbd0Ho\ trSmpm

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b'´EÅrkedE´mbd0Hoy"meem,uq&mawmf0if;edr®dwm½kHausmif;wkdufuvsmPD&yfuGuf? yJcl;NrdKU/

1368-ckESpf? 0gacgifvqef; (4)&uf?(28.7.2006) aomMumaeY/

0denf;ya'omoifwef;

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b'´EÅaum0d'gbd0Ho

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oAÁ&wð "r®&wd Zdemwd?

wPSu©a,m oAÁ'ku©H Zdemwd/

'getm;vkH;udk "r®'geu atmifEdkif\/

t&omtm;vkH;udk w&m;t&omu atmifEdkif\/

arGUavsmfzG,ftm;vkH;udk w&m;ü arGUavsmfjcif;u atmifEdkif\/

'ku©tm;vkH;udk wPSmukefjcif;u atmifEdkif\/

pd&H wd|wk o'¨ar®m? "ar® a[mEÅ K o*g&0g/

bk&m;&Sif\ tqHk;tr omoemawmfonf

t"GefY&SnfpGm wnfygapownf;/

o'¨r®oHk;jzmü ½kdaoav;pm;jcif; &SdMuygapukefownf;/

rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum

taMumif;t&m pmrsufESm

xkv’pöOf;tmywf ............................. 1

*½kbPf (25)yg; ............................. 2

vJvS,fzvS,frI jyKEdkifykH ......................... 3

'kuú#ftmywf ............................... 5

t|uxmüvmaom 'kkuú#f (8)rsKd;................... 5

9/ 0wåab''kuú#f ............................ 7

10/ o'¨ga',s0dedygw'kuú#f ...................... 7

11/ O*¾[dw'kuú#f ............................ 7

12/ taEÅm0kw¬'kuú#f .......................... 7

13/ taEÅmyuú'kuú#f .......................... 8

14/ omrHyuú'kuú#f ........................... 8

15/ ykeyuú'kuú#f ............................. 8

'kuú#f (3)rsKd; oifhEkdif ........................... 9

16/ ADZ*grygwAs'kuú#f ......................... 9

17/ aocd,'kuú#f ............................ 9

'kAÇmodwtmywf ............................ 11

'kuú#fESifh 'kAÇmodwtmywfrsm; .................... 11

ygpdwåd,tmywf ............................ 19

edó*¾d,ygpdwf ............................. 19

pGefYxkdufç pGefYtyfaom ypönf; (ur®om"e)............. 20

tmywfukpm;jcif; ............................ 20

tmvsjywf pGefY&rnfhypönf;rsm; .................... 20

edó*d¾ypönf; pGefYenf;rsm; ....................... 21

a&TaiGESifhpyfí edó*¾dxdkufyHk ..................... 21

� uuuuu


½lyd,odu©myk'f ............................. 21

tvSLcH&mü 'kuú#f0w¬Krsm;....................... 22

½lyd,oHa0g[m& odu©myk'f ...................... 23

edó*¾dtqifhqifh tmywftqifhqifh ................ 23

a&TaiGESifhpyfaom edó*¾dypönf;rsm; pGefYykH .............. 24

pGefYykH tpDtpOf ............................. 24

pGefYNyD;aom ypönf;ukd tokH;jyKykH .................... 24

a&TaiGpGefY&jcif;tusKd; .......................... 25

a&TaiGcH,lol&[ef;\ pGefY&jcif;tusKd; ................ 25

a&TaiGpGefY&[ef; t*Fgig;yg; ...................... 25

Úwfur®0gpmjzifh orkwfykH ...................... 26

a&TaiG tvSLcHrdaom &[ef; owdxm;&ef ............. 26

½lyd,oHa0g[m&odu©myk'fvm pGefYenf; ............... 27

ywåpwkuú ................................ 27

uyÜd,ESifhtwl aps;oGm;&mü owdxm;zG,f ............ 31

ygVdawmfvm pum;&yfrsm; ...................... 31

yg&mZduPft|uxm pum;&yf ................... 32

om&w¬#Dumq&m0g' ......................... 32

tmp&d,0g'rsm; ............................ 33

bk&m;&Sifvufxuf 0w¬Kom"u ................... 33

avQmufxm;&mü owdjyK&ef ..................... 34

&mZodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ........................ 35

uyÜd,wpfusdyf ............................. 36

&[ef;ñTef uyÜd,av;a,muf .................... 37

wrefñTef uyÜd,av;a,muf .................... 38

&[ef;a&m wrefyg rñTeftyfol ted'd|ESpfa,muf ....... 39

ccccc � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;


uyÜd,okH;rsKd;ESifh odu©myk'ftvdkuf usifh&ykH ............. 39

ar@u odu©myk'f ........................... 40

ausmif;om;çuyÜd,rsm;ukd BudKwif oifMum;xm;oifhykH ...... 41

&[ef;awmfwkdY\ wm0ef ........................ 41

tvSL&Sifwm0ef ............................. 42

ausmif;om;ç uyÜd,wkdY\ wm0ef .................. 42

*kdPf;ç oHCmç yk*¾dKvfukd rokH;oyfbJ vSL............... 43

a&pufcs&mü owdxm;&ef ...................... 43

u,0duú,odu©myk'f .......................... 43

rtyfaom vJenf; ........................... 44

tyfaom vJvS,fenf; ......................... 45

cdkif;ap&mü tyfç rtyf ........................ 45

&weodu©myk'f ............................. 46

edó*¾dodu©myk'frsm;ESifh pyfí tusOf;rSwf&ef ........... 47

wkdufwGef;rSmxm;csuf ......................... 47

edó*¾dypönf;wdkYESifh pyfí rSwf&ef ................... 48

tjcm;enf; oHk;pJGcGifh&aom ypönf;rsm; ................ 48

iJhuGufrIr&dS tNyD;tydkifpGefYNyD;u oHk;cGifh&ypönf;rsm; ........ 48

wjcm;cJzG,fç abmZOfrsm; ....................... 49

aboZÆodu©myk'fESifh pyfí rSwfzG,frsm; .............. 49

(7)&uftwGif; owfrSwfcsuf ..................... 50

edó*¾dxkdufí pGefYjcif; ......................... 51

yk*¾dKvfxH pGefYykH .............................. 51

MuH&nfç xef;vsuf&nfç oHyk&m&nfç ponfrsm; .......... 51

A[kokwtwGuf rSwf&ef ....................... 51

aboZÆcE¨uü cGifhjyKcsuf ....................... 52

rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � *****


,ckumv tcJyg pm;aeMuykH ..................... 52

awv (= qD)ESifh pyfí rSwf&ef.................... 53

ouFef;ESifhpyfaom edó*¾drsm; .................... 53

1/ yxruxdeodu©myk'f ....................... 54

2/ 'kwd,uxde (ac:) Oa'godwodu©myk'f ............ 55

6/ tnmwu0dnwådodu©myk'f .................... 55

7/ wwkwå&d odu©myk'f ........................ 56

8/ yxrOyu©# odu©myk'f ...................... 57

yxruxdeodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,frsm; ................. 57

1/ pD0&yvdaAm"jywfjcif;....................... 58

2/ tm0goyvdaAm"jywfjcif; .................... 58

uxdeffEkwfjcif; ............................. 58

uxdefEkwffjcif; (9) yg; ......................... 59

uxdeftmedoif ig;yg; ......................... 60

odu©myk'fESifh tmedoif wGJrSwf&ef .................. 60

t"d|mefwifjcif; ............................ 61

wdpD0&duft"d|mef ESpfrsKd; ....................... 61

ouFef; (3) xnf wdpD0&duf t"d|mefwifykH ............ 61

ouFef;udk apmifha&SmufyHk ....................... 62

ypöK'dK&fjyKjcif;............................... 63

y&du©m&apmV t"d|mefwifykH ..................... 63

ouFef; (9) xnf ............................ 64

t"d|mefrwif&aom y&du©&mrsm; .................. 65

t"d|mefusaMumif; (8) &Spfyg; .................... 65

edó*¾douFef;pGefYykH ........................... 66

CCCCC � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;


ta0;ü &Sdaeaom ouFef;ukd pGefYykH ................. 67

oHCmxH pGefU&mü jyefay;ykH ...................... 68

*kdPf;xH pGefY&mü jyefay;ykH ....................... 69

0duyÜemodu©myk'f ............................ 69

0duyÜemjyKyHkrsm; ............................. 69

0duyÜemESpfrsKd; .............................. 70

or®Kc0duyÜem (2) rsKd; ......................... 70

teD;&Sdoltm; or®Kc0duyÜemjyKykH ................... 70

ypöK'¨K&fjyKykH (0g) 0duyÜemjyefykH ..................... 71

ta0;&Sdoltm; or®Kc0duyÜemjyKykH .................. 71

y&Hrkc0duyÜemjyKykH ........................... 72

or®Kc0duyÜemESifh y&r®Kc0duyÜem txl; .............. 72

'kwd,uxde (ac:) Oa'godwodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ........ 73

wdpD0&duffouFef;ESifh nOfhuif;jcif; .................. 73

wdpD0&dufouFef;xm;&m t&yfrsm; .................. 73

wdpD0&dufESifh uif;í rae&onfh Xmersm; ............. 73

ausmif;wkdufü xm;jcif; ........................ 74

edó*¾drxdkufapenf; .......................... 74

nOfhuif;ouFef; teD;pGefYykH ...................... 75

tnmwu0dnwåd odu©myk'f ..................... 76

ouFef;awmif;aumif;onfh tcgrsm; ................ 76

aqGrsKd;rawmfpyfol ........................... 76

y0g&dw ESifh ty0g&dw......................... 77

zdwfxm;yHktrsKd;rsKd; ........................... 78

tmV0Dwdkif;om;&[ef;rsm; tawmif;t&rf;rsm;rI ......... 78

rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � iiiii


edó*¾dxdkufaom ouFef;pGefYyHk .................... 79

wwkwå&dodu©myk'f ........................... 80

yxrOyu©# odu©myk'f ........................ 81

ykaAÁ tyÜ0g&dawm ........................... 81

{0½lyH 0g {0½lyH 0g ........................... 81

pD0a& 0duyÜH tmyaZÆ,s ....................... 81

0óduom#du odu©myk'f ....................... 82

rkd;a&cHouFef; yrmP ......................... 82

xyfrHí tusOf;csKyf rSwf&ef ..................... 83

ydwfwkdzsifp (11)v t"d|mef 0duyÜemrjyKbJ xm;cGifh& ..... 84

pD0&tpädEé odu©myk'f ......................... 84

tapöupD0& odu©myk'f......................... 85

tapöuouFef; taqmwvsif vSLykH ................ 85

0gqkdouFef; ............................... 86

vGwfvyfcGifh wpf&uf ykd&ykH ...................... 86

omouFodu©myk'f ........................... 87

ouFef;xm;cGifh t*Fg (4)yg; ...................... 87

edó*¾dxdkufyHk .............................. 89

y&dPwodu©myk'f ............................ 90

ñTwfjcif; (9)rsKd; ............................. 91

ywåodu©myk'f .............................. 91

ODeyÍöAEeodu©myk'f .......................... 91

t"d|mefç 0duyÜemavmufaom oydwf ............... 92

oydwf (9)vHk; .............................. 92

Moruoydwf .............................. 92

ppppp � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;


rZÑdroydwf ............................... 93

Ouú|oydwf ............................... 93

oydwft"d|mefwifykH .......................... 94

ypöK'dK&fjyKykH ................................ 94

edó*¾doydwf pGefYykH ........................... 94

ODeyÍöAEëoydwfpGefYykH tpDtpOf ................... 95

oHCmtpnf;ta0;rSm ajymykH .................... 95

usifh0wf ................................. 96

AEë t& zGJUwkyfjcif;[lonf ..................... 96

tmywfwpf&m oifhykH .......................... 97

edó*¾doydwf pGefYykH ........................... 97

ck'ódu©mvm oydwfESifhpyfí rSwfzG,frsm; ............. 98

oydwfqkdif&m usifh0wfrsm; ...................... 99

tuyÜd,oydwf (14)vHk; ...................... 101

&Sif;vif;csuf .............................. 102

tyfpyfaom cGuf (3)rsKd; ....................... 103

edó*¾dtmywf (30) txl;rSwfcsuf ................ 104

ab'euygpdwf ............................ 104

pwkuúygpdwfjzpfykH ........................... 105

wlavme'ödu©myk'f ......................... 105

vJokH;rsKd; ................................ 106

acgif;tkH;yrmP ............................ 106

rÍöyD|odu©myk'f ............................ 107

anmifapmif; (4)rsKd; ......................... 107

bdod (= bkHvQKd zkH) .......................... 108

edoD'eodu©myk'f ........................... 109

rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � qqqqq


edoD'dkef ynwfawmfrljcif; ...................... 109

tokH;jyKykH ................................ 110

u@KyÜ#dpäm'd odu©myk'f ....................... 110

Oyvu©Penf; = tpdwfudk rSwfí qdkaomenf; ........ 111

eEáw¬&odu©myk'f (ac:) ok*wpD0&odu©myk'f ......... 111

bmom#DumrSwfcsuf......................... 112

awmifqkyf[laompum; pOf;pm;&ef ................ 112

ygwdarmufbmom#Dum rSwfcsuf ................. 113

bk&m;&Sif\ ouFef;awmf ...................... 113

&SifapmwpfxGm rZfokH;xGm &Sif;csuf ................ 113

ok'ÿgpdwf ............................... 115

ouFef; ................................. 115

ZmwdouFef;t0wftxnf (6)rsKd; ................. 116

tEkavmrouFef; (6)xnf ..................... 116

yrmPouFef; (9)xnf ....................... 117

yg#da'oeDtmywf .......................... 117

1/ yxr yg#da'oeD ......................... 118

2/ 'kwd,yg#da'oeD ......................... 118

3/ wwd,yg#da'oeD ........................ 119

aou©yk*¾dKvfESifh aou©[korkwfykH ................. 120

orkwfykH ................................ 120

ur®0gpmzwfykH ............................. 121

rSwfom;zG,f A[kokw........................ 121

tvSL&Sif (3)rsKd; ............................ 122

tcsuf (3)csuf ............................ 122

ZZZZZ � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;


4/ pwkw¬yg#da'oeD ......................... 123

BudKwifíodapjcif; tusKd; ..................... 124

OyZÑm,fç edó,nf;q&mt*Fg ................... 125

edó,rkpöu = edó,nf;vGwf aeEkdifol ............ 125

wpfenf; edó,rkpöu t*Fg (7)yg; ................ 125

ausmif;xkdifç y&dowftvkyftauGs;cH t*Fg (5)yg; ....... 125

edó,nf;Nidrf;ysufaMumif;t*Fg (6)yg; .............. 126

0wf rausyGefaom wynfhukd ESifxkwfykH ............. 126

rESifxkwfxkdufaom t*Fgig;yg; ................... 127

pk'ócEü0wf ygVdawmftusOf; .................. 127

cGifhryefbJ a[mMum;Ekdifjcif; .................... 130

q&muvnf; jyK&rnf ........................ 145

q&m rusef;rmvQif ......................... 145

ed*kH;ygVd teuf ............................ 146

jrefrmjyef ................................ 146

uH (5)rsKd;? wpfenf; (7)rsKd; .................... 147

aomwmyefjzpfaMumif;t*Fg (4)yg; ................ 148

aomwmywåd,*ø aomwmyef\ *kPft*Fg (4)yg; ....... 148

aomwmyeft&nftaoG; (7)yg;.................. 148

rtyfaom ouFef;ta&mifrsm; ................... 148

ouFef;a&miftqkH;tjzwf ygVdawmf ................ 149

rZÑdredum,f r[m&m[kavm0g'okwftzGifh ........... 149

ygVdawmfvm tndKa&mif ...................... 150

0wf½kHoifhaom ta&mif (3)rsKd;................... 151

tusOf;csKyf rSwfom;&ef ....................... 151

rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � pspspspsps


qkH;jzwfcsuf .............................. 152

rtyfaom t0wfouFef;rsm;.................... 152

'kuú#ftmywfoifhaom t0wfrsm; ................. 153

jzwftyfaom ouFef;ukd cGifhjyKawmfrlykH .............. 154

teufay;ykH .............................. 154

ouFef;ESifhpyfaom tac:ta0:rsm;............... 156

tyfç rtyfaom urÜwfoD;rsm; ................... 156

rtyfaom qdk;&nf (9)rsKd; ...................... 157

ouFef;pD&ifyHk tqifh (7)qifh .................... 157

tcef;zGJUrIESifh pyfí rSwf&ef ..................... 158

"m;cGJ"m;jzwfouFef;ESifh pyfí rSwf&ef ............... 158

]ovif;axmif}[laom pum; rSwf&ef .............. 159

{uoDtay:½kHouFef;yk HpH{uoDtay:½kHouFef;yk HpH{uoDtay:½kHouFef;yk HpH{uoDtay:½kHouFef;yk HpH{uoDtay:½kHouFef;yk HpH .................................................................................................... 161161161161161

('kuk#f) ESpfxyfouFef;yk HpH('kuk#f) ESpfxyfouFef;yk HpH('kuk#f) ESpfxyfouFef;yk HpH('kuk#f) ESpfxyfouFef;yk HpH('kuk#f) ESpfxyfouFef;yk HpH ............................................................................................... 162162162162162

bmom#Dumq&mawmf jyqkdaom ouFef;awmfyrmP .... 163

bk&m;&Sift&yfawmf A[kokwrSwf&ef ............... 163

ouFef;yrmP tqkH;tjzwfrsm; .................. 164

ausmif;ESifhpyfí rSwfom;zG,frsm; ................. 167

uk#dESifh 0d[m&txl; ......................... 167

ausmif;ukd cGifhjyKawmfrljcif; ..................... 167

ausmif; (5)rsKd; ............................ 168

0d[m& (3)rsKd; ............................. 169

uk#d (3)rsKd; ............................... 169

0d[m& (3)rsKd; ............................. 169

uyÜd,uk#d (4)rsKd; ........................... 170

ÚÚÚÚÚ � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;


1/ Oóm0eEÅduuk#d ......................... 170

2/ a*gedom'duuk#d ......................... 170

3/ *[ywduk#d ............................ 171

4/ or®Kwduk#d ............................. 171

tuyÜd,uk#d jzpfykH .......................... 171

qGrf;ESifhpyfí rSwfom;zG,frsm; ................... 173

cJzG,f (12)rsKd; ............................. 174

MuHcGHESifh MuH&nf umvducGJjcm;ykH .................. 174

abmZOf (5)yg; ............................ 175

ygwdarmufvm abmZOfrsm; .................... 175

1/ tm0oxyd@abmZOf ..................... 175

2/ *PabmZOf ............................ 175

rtyfaom yifhzdwfenf; ....................... 176

rtyfaom awmif;enf; ....................... 176

tmywfoifhç roifh tqkH;tjzwf .................. 176

tyfaom yifhzdwfenf; ........................ 177

3/ y&rÜ&abmZOf ........................... 177

0duyÜemjyKykH .............................. 178

4/ yPDwabmZOf .......................... 178

tmywfESifh odu©myk'f......................... 179

umvdu av;yg; ........................... 179

,m0umvdu ............................. 179

,m0umvdu toD;BuD;ukd;vkH; ................... 180

a&SmufESifh oHyk&m ........................... 180

,mrumvdu ............................. 181

rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � #####


tazsmf&nfvkyf&ef toD;&SpfrsKd; ................... 181

tEkavmrazsmf&nfrsm; ....................... 181

tazsmf&nf jyKvkyf&mü owd&Sd&ef ................. 182

azsmf&nftuyfcH owdjyK&ef .................... 183

tazsmf&nfaomufcGifh&aom taMumif; ............. 183

vufzuf&nfMurf; .......................... 183

owåm[umvdu0w¬K ........................ 184

pGefYNyD;í jyef&aomtcg tokH;jyKykHESifh tmywfroifhapykH .... 185

0duyÜemjyKykH .............................. 185

t"d|mefykH ............................... 186

MuH&nf wifvJ&nf oumcJ oMum;cJ ponf .......... 186

a&cJxnfhaom MuH&nf ........................ 186

edó*¾dygpdwfç ok'¨ygpdwf ....................... 187

jyefíokH;pGJcGifh r&aom edó*¾dypönf;rsm; ............. 187

tjcm;enf; okH;pGJcGifh&aom ypönf;rsm; ............... 187

tmvsjywfpGefYNyD;u jyefíokH;cGifh&aom ypönf;rsm; ....... 188

wjcm;cJzG,f abmZOfrsm; ...................... 188

aboZÆodu©myk'fESifh pyfí odrSwfzG,frsm; ............ 188

(7)&uftwGif; owfrSwfcsuf .................... 189

edó*¾dxkdufí pGefYjcif; ........................ 190

yk*¾dKvfxH pGefYykH ............................. 190

A[kokwtjzpf rSwf&ef ....................... 191

aboZÆcE¨uü cGifhjyKcsuf ...................... 191

rdrd\ xifjrifcsuf .......................... 192

,ckumv tcJyg pm;aeMuykH .................... 192

XXXXX � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;


awv (= qD)ESifh pyfí rSwf&ef................... 192

,m0ZD0du ............................... 193

,m0ZD0du tjrpfrsm; ........................ 194

,m0ZD0dutoD;rsm; ......................... 194

,m0ZD0du t&Gufrsm; ........................ 195

tap;ç tcGHESifh qm; ponf..................... 195

csif;okyf qkH;jzwfcsuf ......................... 196

refusnf;&GufMurf; jynfyef;csKd&Guf ................. 196

aumufyJESifh tom;ç t½kd;rsm; ................... 197

r[m0du#aq; ............................ 197

tmywfoifhykH tcsKyfrSwf&ef ..................... 197

umvduwkdY a&maESm&mü rSwf&ef ................. 198

taEÅm0kw¬ç taEÅmyuúç omrHyuú 'kuú#frsm; ........... 199

taEÅmyuú ............................... 199

omrHyuú ................................ 200

ykeyuú ................................. 200

tusOf;rSwf&ef ............................ 201

uHBuD;uHi,f toG,foG,f ..................... 202

uHav;rsKd; ............................... 202

tyavmueuH ig;rsKd; ........................ 203

ÚwåduH (9)rsKd; ............................ 203

Úwåd'kwd,uH (7)rsKd; ........................ 204

Úwådpwkw¬uH (7)rsKd; ........................ 205

uHjyKykH owfrSwfcsufrsm;....................... 205

"r®duuH ................................ 207

rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � !!!!!


t"r®duuH ............................... 207

OyorÜ'uH\ orÜwådig;yg; ..................... 207

Úwådpwkw¬uH\ rysufjcif;orÜwdåonf--- ............ 207

y&du©&m&Spfyg; ............................. 208

cg;yef;BudK; ............................... 208

0god (= yJcGyf^"m;rwkd) ....................... 208

a&ppf .................................. 209

tjcm;y&du©&mrsm; .......................... 209

ok'¨ygpdwf ............................... 211

ok'¨ygpdwf (92)yg; .......................... 211

rkom0g'0*f odu©myk'f (10)yg; ................... 212

1/ rkom0g'odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................. 213

orÜZme ................................ 213

rkom0g' ................................ 213

rkom;qkdaom&[ef;tjypf (7)yg;ESifh tmywf (5)csuf ..... 213

2/ Moro0g'odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................. 214

tauúmo0w¬K ............................ 214

tmywftrsKd;rsKd;oifhykH ........................ 215

3/ ayoknodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f................... 216

4/ y'aom"r®odu©myk'f ....................... 217

]y'aom}ü rSwfom;zG,f ....................... 217

]y'}av;rsKd; .............................. 217

tmywfroifhykHrsm; .......................... 218

5/ yxro[ao,s odu©myk'f .................. 219

tmywfoifhykHrsm; ........................... 219

¡¡¡¡¡ � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;


o[ao,s [if;av;tkd; ...................... 219

o[ao,sjzwfenf; ......................... 220

tdrfç um;ç &xm; ponfwkdYü owdxm;zG,f ........... 220

6/ 'kwd, o[ao,s ....................... 221

tpdwåutmywf ........................... 221

'd0gao,s odu©myk'f ......................... 221


rdef;rtavmif;aumif ........................ 222

7/ "r®a'oemodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................. 222



ykpämar;u ajzcGifh& .......................... 224

t*Fg (5)yg; owdjyKoifh ....................... 224

8/ blwma&mpe odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ............... 224

temywådü Or®wåu r,l& ..................... 225

9/ 'k|Kv’ma&mpe odu©myk'f .................... 225

or®Kwday;ykH .............................. 226

0w¬KESifh tmywf wGJajymrS ...................... 226

10/ yx0DcPe odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f................ 227

yx0DtrsKd;rsKd; ............................. 227

Zmwyx0D (3)rsKd;........................... 227

tZmwyx0D (3)rsKd; ......................... 228

tmywfoifh ç roifh ......................... 228

tyfaom ckdif;enf; .......................... 229

rtyfaom ckdif;enf; ......................... 229

rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � PPPPP


t*Fg (3)yg; .............................. 230

2/ blw*gr0*f ............................ 230

1/ blw*grygwAs odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .............. 231

ADZ*grç blw*gr ........................... 232

owdxm;&ef .............................. 232

rtyfaom ckdif;enf; ......................... 232

tyfaom ckdif;enf; .......................... 233

uyÜdjcif; ................................ 233

uyÜdjcif; (5)rsKd; ............................ 233

owdjyKzG,f............................... 234

qufvufrSwfom;zG,f ........................ 235

uyÜd,H ua&m[d t"dyÜm,f ..................... 235

2/ tn0g'u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................. 235

ygpdwf 'kuú#f cGJjcm;csuf ....................... 236

qEé&[ef;tm; tn0g'uuH jyKykH ................. 237

0da[ouuH wifykH ......................... 237

t*Fg (3)yg; .............................. 238

3/ OZÑmyeu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................. 238

OZÑmyeu = uJh&JUjcif; ........................ 238

cd,seu = ½Iwfcsjcif; ........................ 239

tmywfcGJjcm;csufrsm;......................... 239

4/ yxraoemoe odu©myk'f ................... 239

anmifapmif; av;rsKd; ........................ 240

tif;ysOfav;rsKd; ............................ 240

yefMum;tyfaom olrsm; ....................... 241

wwwww � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;


5/ 'kwd,aoemoe odu©myk'f................... 242

yefMum;yHkrsm; ............................. 242

ao,s (10)rsKd; ............................ 243

6/ tEkycZÆodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................. 243

xoGm;apxdkufol r[kwfaom yk*d¾Kvf (3)a,muf........ 243

Oypmt& ,lyHk ............................ 244

0if&mt&yfOypm xGuf&mt&yfOypm ............... 245


7/ eduú¹e odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................... 245

tmywfoifhyHkrsm; ........................... 246

t*FgoHk;yg; ............................... 246

8/ a0[mouk#d odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ............... 246

t*Fgav;yg; .............................. 247

9/ r[v’u0d[m& odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .............. 247

]'Gdwdåpä'eóy&d,m,H}yk'f t"dyÜm,f ................ 248

ESpfxyfoHk;xyf rdk;yHk .......................... 249

10/ oyÜgPuodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................ 249

txl;od&ef............................... 250

3/ bdu©Kaem0g'0*f odu©myk'f (10)yg; tusOf;csKyf ....... 251

t"dyÜm,frsm; ............................. 252

*½k"r® (8)yg;.............................. 252

bdu©Kaem0g'u t*Fg (8)yg; .................... 253

(4) abmZe0*f odu©myk'fq,fyg; tusOf;csKyf .......... 253

tm0oxyd@odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f................. 255

]{aum tm0oxyda@m}ü rSwf&ef ................ 256

rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � xxxxx



*PabmZeodu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................. 257

&[ef;av;yg;wkdY cH,ljcif;onfom y"me............. 257

abmZOfig;yg; ............................. 258

rtyfaom yifhzdwfenf; ....................... 258

rtyfaom awmif;enf; ....................... 259

tyfaom yifhzdwfenf; ........................ 259

,ckumv owdjyKzG,f ........................ 259

abmZOftrnfjzifh zdwfvQifvnf; *PabmZOf ......... 260

or,ckepfyg; tEkynwfckepfyg;.................. 260

tmywfoifhykH roifykHrsm; ...................... 261

(3) y&rÜ&abmZeodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .............. 261

0duyÜemjyKyHk .............................. 262

tmywfoifhyHk roifhyHkrsm; ...................... 263

(4) umPrmwmodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ............... 263

ylyESifh rE¦ rSwfzG,f .......................... 263

okH;oydwf atmuftem;a&;ESifhtnD jynfh½kHcH&rnf ....... 264

qGrf;cH&[ef;wkYd\ wm0efrsm; .................... 265

&[ef;oHCmrsm;tm; rkefYa0zefykH .................. 265

tmywfrsm;oifhykHç roifhykH ...................... 266

(5) yxry0g&Pmodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .............. 266

abmZOfig;yg; ............................. 266

y0g&dwft*Fg ig;yg; .......................... 267

y0g&dwfoifhNyD; abmZOfukd okH;aqmifcGifh ............. 268


''''' � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;

1/ pm;qJ£&d,mykxf rzsufbJ qufpm;jcif; ........... 268

2/ *dvmet<uif;tusefjzpfjcif; .................. 269

3/ twd&dwf0denf;uH t*Fg (7)yg; ................. 269

y0g&dwfroifhaom tpm;tpmrsm;................. 270

cJzG,f (12)rsKd; ............................. 270


(6) 'kwd,y0g&Pmodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ............. 271

(7) 0dumvabmZeodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ............. 271

tusOf;rQ rSwf&ef ........................... 272

yuwdtm[m&udpö cGJjcm;yHk ..................... 273

0dumvü tmywfoifhyHkrsm; ..................... 273

8/ oEéd"dum&uodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ............... 274

'ka'¨gwywå = taq;cufaom oydwf .............. 274

tmrdorsm;ESifh oEéd"d rjzpfapenf; ................ 275

aemufaeY jyefuyfaom cJzG,fabmZOfrsm; ............ 276

umvduav;yg; a&maESmpm;&mü od&ef ............. 276

owåm[umvduESifh ,m0ZD0duwdkY a&m&mü od&ef ...... 276

azsmf&nfESifh aq;rsm; a&m&mü oufwrf; ............ 277

oEéd"dtmywfoifhykHrsm; ........................ 277

9/ yPDwabmZOf odu©myk'f .................... 278

odu©myk'f (3)yg;ESifh wGJí rSwf&ef ................. 279

yPDw (9)rsKd; ............................. 279


10/ 'EÅaygPodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................. 281

tuyfajrmuft*Fg (5)yg; ...................... 282


rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � """""

tPkjrL (4)rsKd; ............................ 284

tnMw O'u'EÅaygPm ...................... 285

rSwfom;zG,f A[kokwrsm; ..................... 286

wHawG;ç rsuf&nf ponfrsm; .................... 288

jyefuyf&aom tavhtx rSwfom;zG,f ............. 288

qGrf;pm;cgeD; vufaq;&ef...................... 289

aq;NyD;vufjzifh ouFef;ç aeuxdkif ponf rudkifoifhykH .... 289

pm;zG,f,lí c&D;oGm;&mü rSwfom;zG,f .............. 290

tuyfcHpOf ajrodkY vGwfusoGm;jcif; ................ 290

"m;ç ZGef; ponfü uyfaeaom oHacs;rsm; ............ 290

tuyfcHysufaMumif; (6)yg; ..................... 291

vufaq;jcif;ç vufokwfjcif; ponfwkdYüvnf;

tmywfoifhEkdifykH ......................... 292


t*Fg (4)yg; .............................. 293

5/ tapvu0*f odu©myk'fq,fyg; tusOf; ........... 294

1/ tapvuodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................. 295

zdk;olawmf oDv&Sifrsm;........................ 296


2/ Oa,smZeodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................. 296

&[ef;wpfyg;udk qGrf;cH twlac:yHk ................ 296

&[ef;udk jyefvTwfyHk ......................... 297

ravsmufywfaom tusifh ..................... 297

]{wa'0}yk'ftpGJ ........................... 297

tmywfoifhaom tcsdef ....................... 297


eeeee � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;

tmywftqifhqifh .......................... 298

3/ oabmZeodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................. 298

tmywftqifhqifh oifhykH ...................... 299

4/ &a[my#dpäEéodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................ 299

5/ &a[medoZÆodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................ 300


6/ pm&dwåodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................... 300

xif&Sm;&Sdaom &[ef;tm; yefMum;ykH ............... 301

yka& bwåç ypäm bwå ........................ 301

tEkynwf (4)csuf .......................... 301


7/ r[memrodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................. 302

ygpdwftmywfoifhykH .......................... 303

tmywfroifhykH ............................ 303

tmywftqifhqifhoifhykH ....................... 304

8/ O,sKwåaoemodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ............... 304

t*Fgav;yg;&Sdaom ppfonf .................... 304

oGm;xdkufaom taMumif; ...................... 305

tmywftqifhqifh oifhyHk ...................... 305

9/ aoem0goodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f................. 305


10/ Oa,sm"duodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................ 306

Oa,sm"du............................... 306

aoemAsL[ .............................. 306

tedu'óeH ............................. 307


rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � yyyyy

qifwyf jrif;wyf ponfzGJUykH .................... 307

(6) ok&myge0*fvm odu©myk'frsm; tusOf;csKyf ......... 307

1/ ok&mygeodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................. 309

ar&, (5)rsKd; ............................. 309

2/ t*Fkvdyawm'uodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ............. 310


3/ [o"r®odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................. 311


4/ tem'&d,odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................. 312

txl;owdxm;&ef .......................... 313


5/ bðomyeodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................. 313

6/ aZmwdodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................... 314

tmywftqifhqifhoifhyHk ....................... 315

7/ e[meodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................... 315

rZösdra'o ydkif;jcm;yHk ......................... 315


8/ 'kAÁPÖu&P odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................ 316

uyÜAdE´Kxdk;&rnfh ae&m........................ 317

tmywftqifhqifh oihfyHk ...................... 317

9/ 0duyÜemodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................. 318

0duyÜemjyKykH (2)rsKd; .......................... 318

or®KcESifh y&r®Kc &Sif;vif;csuf ................... 318

teD;&Sdoltm; or®Kc0duyÜemjyKykH .................. 319

0duyÜemjyK&jcif;tusKd; ........................ 319


zzzzz � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;

ypöK'¨dK&fjyKykH ............................... 319

ta0;aeoltm; or®Kc0duyÜemjyKykH ................ 320

y&r®Kc0duyÜemjyKykH .......................... 320

0duyÜemESpfck txl;.......................... 321

0g'txl; ................................ 321

tmywfoifhykH ............................. 321

10/ pD0&myed"meodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ............... 322

tmywfoifhykH ............................. 322

oyÜgPu0*fvm odu©myk'frsm; tusOf;csKyf ........... 322

1/ oÍödpöygPodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................. 325

2/ oyÜgPuodu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................. 326

y&dbkaÍÆ,s .............................. 326

ygPESpfck txl;............................ 326

3/ Oauúm#eodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................. 327

t"du½kPf; av;yg; ......................... 327


4/ 'k|Kv’odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................... 328

&[ef; &mçaxmif tqifhqifh tmywfoifh ............ 328

tmywf tqufjzwfyHk ........................ 328

tmywfrsm;oifhyHk ........................... 329

5/ ODe0Dowd0óodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f............... 329

&[ef;cH&uf wGufyHk .......................... 329

0gxyf&ufiifí ESpfvxnfh,lMuykH ................. 330

&[ef; rjzpfEkdif ............................ 330

&[ef; rjzpfaomfvnf; tusKd;&Sd .................. 330


rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � AAAAA

]&[ef;ç OD;yÍöif;} ac:wGifvmykH ................... 331

vludkyif &[ef;cHay;aumif;ykH .................... 331

tmywf tqkH;tjzwf ........................ 331

6/ ax,sow¬odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................ 332

tmywfoifhykH ............................. 332

7/ oH0d"meodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................. 332

8/ t&d|odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................... 333

tEÅ&m,fig;yg; ............................ 335


9/ Ou©dwåoarÇm*odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .............. 337

rjyKtyfao;aom Moom&PuH &Sdol ............... 337

oarÇm* ESpfrsKd; ............................ 337

oH0ao,sç o[ 0g ao,s .................... 338


10/ uP³uodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................. 338

emoe = zsufqD;rI 3-rsKd; ...................... 339

tmywfoifhykH ............................. 339

(8) o["r®du0*f odu©myk'f (12)yg; tusOf; .......... 340

1/ o["r®duodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................. 342

avmukwå&mw&m;tm; avsmfaom tusifh ........... 343

0denf;"kd&f tmedoif (5)yg;? wpfenf; (11)yg; .......... 343

2/ 0davceodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................. 344

]O'´dórmae} t& .......................... 344

ck'´ESifh tEkck'´u odu©myk'fcGJyHk ................... 344

ukuúKpöç 0da[oç 0davc okH;yk'f txl; .............. 345


bbbbb � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;

tmywftqHk;tjzwf ......................... 345

]arm[uH}odkY wif&rnf ....................... 346

4/ y[m&odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................... 346

5/ wvowåduodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................ 346

tmywfoifhyHk ............................. 347

6/ trlvuodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................. 347

7/ oÍödpöodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................... 347

8/ Oyókwdodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................. 348

b@eç uv[ç 0d0g'gyEé ..................... 348

Oyókwð wda|,s .......................... 348

apm'em&ef &nf&G,frS tmywfoifh ................ 348


9/ ur®ywdAm[eodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .............. 349

uHESpfrsKd; ................................ 349


10/ qE´H t'wGm *re odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ........... 350

0dedpä,uxm jzpfaeqJç jzpfwkef;[lonf ............. 350


t*Fg (6)yg; .............................. 351

11/ 'kAÁvodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................... 351

or*¾oHCmç 0*¾oHCm........................ 352

,xmoE¦KwH y&dPmarEÅd ...................... 352

ra0zefaumif;aom *½kbPfypönf;rsm; ............. 352


y&dPwodu©myk'f rSwfcsuf ..................... 353


rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � rrrrr

(9) &we0*f odu©myk'f 10-yg; tusOf; ............. 354

1/ taEÅyk&odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................. 355

eef;awmf0ifjypf (10)yg; ....................... 356


2/ &weodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................... 357

&wem (10)yg; ............................ 357

tZÑm&mr ............................... 357

tZÑm0ox .............................. 358

aumufodrf;xm;&mü &nf&G,fcsuf ................ 358

tmywftqHk;tjzwfrsm; ....................... 358

tmywftqifhqifhoifhyHk ....................... 359

3/ 0dumav *grya0oeodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .......... 359

yefajymyHk ................................ 359


4/ olpdC&odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................. 361

pwkuúygpdwfjzpfykH ........................... 361

5/ rÍöyDXodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................... 361

6/ wlavme'¨odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................. 362

vJ (3)rsKd;................................ 362

tmywfroifhykH ............................ 363

7/ edoD'eodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................... 363

edoD'kdefynwfawmfrljcif; ....................... 363

edoD'kdef tokH;jyKykH ........................... 364


8/ u@Ky#dpäm'dodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f................ 364


,,,,, � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;

9/ 0óduom#duodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .............. 365

10/ eE´aw¬&odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f ................. 365

bk&m;&Sif\ ouFef;awmf ...................... 366

aocd,\ t"dyÜm,f ......................... 367

'kuú#ftmywf[k owfrSwf ...................... 367

rusifhaomf tjypf? usifhaomf tusKd; ............... 368

]'kuú#ftmywf}[k ynwfawmfrrl&jcif; .............. 368

1/ y&dr@v0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f ................ 368

(1+2) y&dr@v odu©my' ..................... 368

(3+4) okoH0kw odu©my' ..................... 369

(5+6) okoH0kw odu©my' ..................... 369

(7+8) Mou©dwåpu©K odu©my' ................... 369

(9+10) Ou©dwåu odu©my' .................... 369

y&dr@ved0goe odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ............... 369

ouFef;ESifhqkdifaom A[kókw ................... 370

t0ef;nDpGm 0wf&mXmersm; ..................... 370


t*Fg (3)yg; .............................. 371

y&dr@vyg½kye odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ............... 372

*d[dyg½kw (9)rsKd; ........................... 372

okyÜ#dpäEéodu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,f.................. 373

tEÅ&C& = NrdKUwGif;&GmwGif; ..................... 374

0goly*w = aejcif;tusKd;iSm uyfa&mufol ........... 374

aupd0g'ç tya&0g'wkdYESifh 0drwdq&m0g' ............ 375

okoH0kw odu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,f ................. 376


rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � &&&&&

Mou©dwåpu©Kodu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,f ............... 376

Ou©dwåum, odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................. 376

2/ OZÑ*¢du0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f .................. 377

(11+12) OZÆ*¢du odu©my' ..................... 377

(13+14) tyÜo'´ odu©my' .................... 377

(15+16) um,yÜpmvu odu©my' ............... 377

(17+18) Am[kyÜpmvu odu©my' ................ 377

(19+20) oDoyÜpmvu odu©my' ................ 377

OZÆ*¢duodu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,f .................. 378

(13+14) tyÜo'´odu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,f ............ 378

0drwd#Dumtqkd ............................ 378

tmywfroifhykH ............................ 379

ypmvuodu©myk'f ajcmufyk'f t"dyÜm,f ............. 379

3/ crÇuw0*f odu©myk'f-10 yk'f ................. 379

(21+22) crÇuw odu©my' .................... 379

(23+24) Mo*kPd²w odu©my' ................... 380

25/ OuúK#du odu©my' ....................... 380

26/ yv’w¬du odu©my'....................... 380

27/ ouúpöy#d*¾[P odu©my' .................. 380

28/ ywåonD y#d*¾[Podu©my'................. 380

29/ orolyu y#d*¾[Podu©my' ................ 381

30/ orwwådu odu©my' ..................... 381

crÇuw odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f..................... 381

Mo*kPd²wodu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,f ................. 381

OuúK#du odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................... 381


vvvvv � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;

yv’w¬duodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f .................... 382

yv’w¬du tma,m*ywfzGGJUjcif;ESpfrsKd; ............... 382

ouúpöy#d*¾[P odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ............... 383

ywåonD odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................... 383

orolyuH odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................... 383

orwdw¬du odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................. 384

(4) ouúpö0*fodu©myk'f 10-yk'f .................. 385

31/ ouúpö bkÍÆe odu©my' .................... 385

32/ ywåonD bkÍÆe odu©my'................... 385

33/ oy'ge odu©my' ....................... 385

34/ orolyubkÍÆe odu©my' .................. 385

35/ e xlyuw odu©my' ..................... 385

36/ Mo'eyÜ#dpäm' odu©my' .................... 385

37/ olayg'e0dnwåd odu©my' ................... 386

38/ OZÑmeonD odu©my' ..................... 386

39/ twdr[EÅuAV odu©my' .................. 386

40/ y&dr@vtmavmy odu©my' ................ 386

ouúpöbkÍÆe odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................. 386

ywåonD odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................... 386

oy'ge odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ..................... 387

orolyubkÍÆe odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................ 387

e xlyuw odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................. 387

Mo'ey#dpäm'e odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................. 388

olayg'e0dnwåd odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................ 388

awmif;rIESifh pyfí rSwf&ef ..................... 389


rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � 00000

olwpfyg;twGuf awmif;ay;rI ................... 389

0drwd#Dumtqdk ............................ 390

&Sif'umç &[ef;'um &Smay;olwdkY owdxm;&ef ......... 390


OZÑmeonD odu©myk'ftzGifh ..................... 391

twdr[EÅuAV odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................ 391

y&dr@vtmavmy odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ............. 391

ZGef;·c&if;ESifh pm;olrsm; owdjyK&ef ................ 392

(5) uAV0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f................... 392

41/ tem[# odu©my' ...................... 392

42/ bkÍÆrme odu©my' ....................... 392

43/ ouAV odu©my' ....................... 393

44/ yd@Kau©yu odu©my' .................... 393

45/ uAVm0apä'u odu©my' ................... 393

46/ t0*@um&u odu©my' .................. 393

47/ [w¬ed'¨Keu odu©my'..................... 393

48/ odw¬m0um&u odu©my' ................... 393

49/ Zd0Sgedpäm&u odu©my' ..................... 393

50/ pykpykum&u odu©my' .................... 394

tem[# odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................... 394

bkÍÆrme odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................... 394

ouAV odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f..................... 394

yd@Kau©yu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................. 395

uAVm0apä'u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................ 395

t0*@um&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................ 395


ooooo � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;

[w¬ed'¨Keu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................. 396

odw¬m0um&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................ 396

Zd0Sgedpäm&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................. 396

pykpykum&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................. 396

(6) ok½kok½k0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f ................. 397

51/ ok½kok½kum&u odu©my' .................. 397

52/ [w¬edav’[u odu©my' ................... 397

53/ ywåedav’[u odu©my' ................... 397

54/ Mo|edav’[u odu©my' ................... 397

55/ omrdo odu©my' ....................... 397

56/ oodw¬u odu©my' ...................... 397

57/ qwåygPd odu©my' ...................... 398

58/ '@ygPd odu©my' ...................... 398

59/ ow¬ygPd odu©my' ...................... 398

60/ tm0k"ygPd odu©my' ..................... 398

ok½kok½kum&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................ 398

[w¬edav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................ 398

ywåedav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................. 399

Mo|edav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................ 399

yged,xmvu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................ 399

oodw¬u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................... 400

temywåd av;csuf .......................... 400

qwåygPdodu©my' t"dyÜm,f ................... 400

xD; (3)rsKd; ............................... 400

'@ygPd ow¬ygPd tm0k"ygPd ................. 401


rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � [[[[[

7/ yg'ku0*f odu©myk'f (15)yk'f .................. 401

61/ yg'ku odu©my' ........................ 401

62/ Oyg[e odu©my' ....................... 401

63/ ,me odu©my' ......................... 402

64/ o,e odu©my' ........................ 402

65/ yv’dw¬du odu©my'....................... 402

66/ a0Xdw odu©my' ........................ 402

67/ Mo*kP²dw odu©my' ...................... 402

68/ qrm odu©my' ......................... 402

69/ eDpmoe odu©my' ....................... 403

70/ Xdw odu©my' .......................... 403

71/ ypäawm *päEÅ odu©my' .................... 403

72/ OyÜaxe *päEÅÅ odu©my'.................... 403

73/ Xdawm Opöm& odu©my' .................... 403

74/ [&daw Opöm& odu©my' ................... 403

75/ O'au Opöm& odu©my' .................... 404

yg'kum½kV§ odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................... 404

Oyg[em½kV§ odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................. 404

,me*w odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................... 405

o,e*w odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................... 405

tcsKyfrSwf&ef ............................. 406

a0XdwoDoó odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................ 406

Mo*kP²dwoDo odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................ 406

qrm odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ...................... 407

eDpmoe odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f .................... 407


VVVVV � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;

Xdw odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ....................... 407

ypäawm *päEÅ odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................. 408

OyÜaxe *päEÅ odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................. 408

Xdawm Opöm& odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................. 408

oefYoufa& aq;&efoifh ...................... 409

yk*Hjynf ukvm;usrif;taMumif; .................. 410

uk#dt0if ouFef;wef;xm;&Sdjcif; .................. 410

[&daw Opöm& odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f................. 410

O'au Opöm& odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f ................. 411

ted,wcef; .............................. 413

yxr ted,wodu©myk'f ...................... 413

'kwd, ted,wodu©myk'f ...................... 413

yxrted,w odu©myk'ft"dyÜg,f ................. 414

]{aum{um,} pmpyfykH ....................... 414

]tvH ur®eda,} zGifhykH ........................ 414

]edoZÆH uayÜ,s} t& ,l&ykH ..................... 415

oa'¨,s 0pom / ay / 0a',s .................. 415

edoZÆH bdu©K / y / uma&waAÁm ................. 415

a,e 0g / y / 0a',s ....................... 416

awe aom bdu©K uma&waAÁm.................. 416

uma&waAÁm ............................. 416

t,H "ar®m ted,awm ...................... 416

rmwk*grt& ,lykH .......................... 417

'kwd,ted,wodu©myk'f t"dyÜg,f ................ 417

rdef;rtazmfukdyg ,l&jcif;ESifh ]&a[m}t& ,lyHk ......... 417


rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � ttttt

ted,wodu©myk'f ynwf&usKd; .................. 418

vZÆDESifh tvZÆD&[ef;rsm;twGuf qkH;jzwf&ef ........... 418

t"du&Porx (7)yg;....................... 421

t"du&P ............................... 421

1/ or®Kcg0de,orx ........................ 421

2/ owd0de,orx ......................... 422

3/ trkV0de,orx......................... 423

4/ y#dnmwu&Porx ..................... 423

5/ a,bk,sodumorx ...................... 424

6/ wó ygyd,oduorx .................... 425

7/ wdP0w¬m&uorx ...................... 425

udpöm"du½kPf;ESifh or®Kcg0de,orx ............... 426

t"du½kPf;av;yg;ESifh orxckepfyg; wGJykH ............ 427

oifwef;odrf;vuFm ......................... 427

"kwif (13)yg; cGifhjyKjcif; ....................... 429

tusKd;um; ............................... 429

t&d,0How&m;av;yg; ....................... 429

"kwif (13)yg; ............................. 430

"kwifaqmufwnfyHk ......................... 430

teufay;yHk .............................. 431

"kwiftus,f (42)yg; ........................ 433

t"dyÜg,frsm; tusOf;rQod&ef .................... 433

1/ yHokul"kwif ............................ 433

2/ wdpD0&duf"kwif .......................... 434

3/ yd@ygwf"kwif .......................... 434


tmtmtmtmtm � 0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;

4/ oy'gepm&du"kwif ....................... 434

5/ {uoeduf"kwif ......................... 435

6/ ywåydkPf"kwif ........................... 435

7/ cvkypämbwådu"kwif ...................... 436

8/ tm&nuif"kwif ......................... 436

9/ ½ku©rl"kwif............................. 437

wdkif;Mum;? ewfBuD;? toD;ç ap;xGuf? ............... 437

10/ taAÇmumodu"kwif ...................... 438

11/ okomef"kwif .......................... 438

12/ ,xmoEÅwd"kwif ....................... 439

13/ aeoZÆd"kwif ........................... 439

y&d0gof'Pfom;&[ef; raqmufwnftyfaom "kwif ..... 440

t|uxmtzGifh ............................ 440

"kwifü rxdkufwefaom yk*¾dKvf ................... 440

"kwifü xdkufwefaom yk*¾dKvf .................... 441

rSwfom;zG,f&m tu©&mpOftñTef; ................. 442


rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum � £££££

0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef;0denf;ya'omoifwef; ] 11111

earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó/

xkv’pöOf;tmywf

oHCm'daooftmywfrsm;tNyD; þae&mü xkv’pöOf;ç 'kuú#fç 'kAÇmoDtmywf (3)rsKd;wdkYudk qufvufjyqdkrnf jzpfonf/ þtmywf (3)rsKd;-wdkYonf bdu©Kygwdarmufç bdu©KeDygwdarmufwdkYü wdkuf½kduf ryg&Sdaomfvnf; yg&mZdua&SUajy; oHCm'daooftmywf a&SUajy;wdkYü ykAÁya,m*ponftm;jzifh yg0ifonf/ xdkYaMumifh þae&mü xdktmywf (3)rsKd;wdkY\t"dyÜm,fukd o½kyfazmfxkwfjyvdkygonf/

(xlv+tpö,) xlv = ½kefY&if;aom? tpö, = tjypf? ½kefY&if;aomtjypf&Sdaom tmywfudk xkv’pöOf;tmywf[k ac:onf/ xkv’pöOf;tmywfoifhjcif;taMumif;rsm; od&SdEkdif&ef &&SdorQ pkaqmif;wifjyrnf jzpfonf/

usOf;aom r*f0&Sdaom owå0gwdkY\ r*fü arxkefrI jyKjcif;aMumifhxkv’pöOf;tmywfoifh\/ owå0gwdkY\ t*FgZmwfudk rdrdt*FgZmwfjzifhroGif;bJ wdkY½kH wdkYjcif;? arxke&m*jzifh rdef;redrdwfudk rdrdrkcjzifh wdkYjcif;?oHCdu*½kbPfypönf;rsm;udk tpdk;w& ydkifpdk;ydkifeif; olwpfyg;tm;ay;jcif;? ukefoG,fjcif;? aps;a&mif;jcif;? a<u;NrDcsjcif;? twdk;ay;jcif;?aiGwdk;acs;iSm;jcif;? vlom;udk pm;jcif;? rdrd\ t*FgZmwfudk jzwfjcif;?yg&mZduav;yg;\ omrEÅtrIjyKjcif;? (yg&mZduav;yg;wGif jyefMunfhyg)jrif;o½kdufem (b&if*sDem+b*EdKvfem)jzpfí usOf;ajrmif;&m ptdk0teD;vufESpfopfaom t&yfü "m;cJGrIjyKjcif; jyKapjcif;wdkYaMumifh xkv’pöOf;-tmywf oifh\/

22222 ] omoemhvif;a&mifMunfq&mawmfomoemhvif;a&mifMunfq&mawmfomoemhvif;a&mifMunfq&mawmfomoemhvif;a&mifMunfq&mawmfomoemhvif;a&mifMunfq&mawmf

]]&[ef;wkdY ...usOf;ajrmif;&mt&yfü ta&onf odrfarGU\? El;nHh-\? trmonf tom;Ek wufcJ\? "m;cJG&ef cJ,Of;\? &[ef;wdkY ...usOf;ajrmif;&m t&yf\ teD;jzpfaom vufESpfopfaom t&yftwGif;ü"m;cJGrIudkvnf;aumif;ç usyfpnf;rIudkvnf;aumif; rjyKtyf? jyKapaom&[ef;tm; xkv’pöOf;tmywf oifh\}}[k r[m0g aboZÆcEuü bk&m;-&Sif ynwfawmfrlonf/

oHCm'daoof aemufqkH;av;yk'f ur®0gpm (3)Budrf? ÚwfwpfBudrfzwfNyD; qkH;r&\/ ÚwftqkH;rSm 'kuú#f? ur®0gpm (2)BudrftqkH;rSmxkv’pöOf;tmywf (2)csuf oifh\/ wwd,tBudrf ur®0gpm\tqkH;aom bmao,s-ü ,s-tu©&modkY a&mufonftxd t,ludk rpGefYvQifoifhxm;aom 'kuú#fESifh xkv’pöOf;ESpfcsuf Nidrf; aysmufoGm;\? oHCm-'daooftmywf oifh\? a'oemrMum; rukpm;bJ Nidrf;aysmufoGm;aomtmywfokH;csuf jzpf\[k rSwfom;oifh\/

*½kbPf (25) yg;

yxrtkyfpk - (1) tm&marm = tm&mrf? (2) tm&mr0w¬K = tm&mrf&m?

'kwd,tkyfpk - (3) 0d[ma&m = ausmif;? (4) 0d[m&0w¬K =ausmif;-&m?

wwd,tkyfpk - (5) raÍöm = anmifapmif;? (6) yD|H = tif;ysOfçxdkifckH? (7) bdod = bkHvQKd? (8) AdarÁm[eH = rSDtkH;ç acgif;tkH;?

pwkw¬tkyfpk - (9) avm[ukrÇD = aMu;tkd;? (10) avm[bm-PuH = aMu;zsOf;? (11) avm[0g&aum = aMu;p&nf;tkd;? (12) avm-[u#m[H = aMu;tifwGJ? (13) 0god = yJcGyf (0g) "m;rwdk? (14) y&ok= ykqdef? (15) ukXm&D = "m;r? (16) uk'gavm = aygufwl;? (17)edcg'eH = aqmuf/


yÍörtkyfpk - (18) 0v’d = EG,f? (19) a0VK = 0g;? (20) rkÍöH =oufu,fjruf? (21) yAÁZH = Nydef;jruf? (22) wdP = jzLqHjruf (0g)jrufopf&Guf? (23) rwdåum = ajrnuf ajrjzL ajreD bdvyfajr xkH; oJ?(24) 'g½kb@m = opfb@m pm;yGJ ukvm;xkdif ponf? (25) rwådum-b@m = ajrb@m tkd; tifwkHponf[lí aygif; (25)yg; jzpfonf/av;vSpGmaom b@m (= *½kbPf) wdkY[lí qkdtyfukef\/ þ*½kbPf-ypönf;wdkYudk taotcsm rSwfoifhonf/

þ*½kbPfwdkYonf tpktm;jzifh (5)yg;? o½kyftm;jzifh (25)yg;?tpdwftpdwftm;jzifh rsm;pGmukefaom b@mwdkYudk oHCdutjzpf'g,umwdkYu vSL'gef;xm;ygu oHCmtm;vnf;aumif;? *dkPf;tm;vnf;aumif;? yk*¾dKvftm;jzifhvnf;aumif; rcGJjcm; ra0zef ray;urf;-tyfukef? cGJjcm;a0zef rJazmufcGJa0aom &[ef;tm; xkv’pöOf;tmywfoifh\/ xdk*½kbPf (25)yg;wdkYudk oHCmponf cGJa0tyfukefaomfvnf;cGJa0tyfonf rrnfukef? rcGJa0&m? oHCmoabmwl cGJa0ay;vdkuf-aomfvnf; yk*¾vdutjzpf ,laqmifí roGm;aumif;? a0zefay;tyf-aomfvnf; oHCduom jzpfaomaMumifh rdrdyk*¾vduydkiftjzpf oGm;av-&m&m udk,fykdiftjzpf r,laqmifaumif;[lí odyg/

oHCmawmfrsm;tm; yefMum;í oabmwlyifjzpfaomfvnf; 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/ udk,fykdifxifí cGJa0rl (0g) tpkd;w& cGJa0rl xkv’pöOf;?ax,spdwfjzifh cGJa0rl a&Tpifwpfrwfwefzdk;&Sdaom ypönf;udk csD<urdaomfyg&mZdutmywf oifh\/

vJvS,fzvS,frI jyKEdkifykH

yxrtkyfpkESifh 'kwd,tkyfpkwGif yg0ifaom tm&mrfpaom xm0&b@mudk tm&mrfpaom xm0&b@mcsif; oHCmudk yefMum;í zvS,faumif;\/ zvS,fjcif;udkjyKí okH;aqmifEdkif\/


wwd,tkyfpkwGif yg0ifaom anmifapmif; tif;ysOf (rÍö yDX)paom *½kbPfypönf;udk ]rÍö} paom wwd,tkyfpk *½kbPfypönf;-csif;jzifhom zvS,f&m\/ vJvS,f zvS,faumif;\/ tyfaom om;a&udkcGJa0tyf cGJa0aumif;\/ odkYaomf (bdod) bkHvQKdtcif;ESifh tvm;wlaomodk;a&ponfwdkYudk rcGJa0tyf rcGJa0aumif;? EG,fpaom *½kbPfrsm;-udk wdk;yGm;aom (0g) r,kwfaom wefzdk;&dSaom ypönf;jzifh vJvS,f,laumif;\/

þtcsufwdkYudk axmuf½Ií oHCduausmif; tm&mrf? anmifapmif;tif;ysOfpaom *½kbPf oHCduypönf;rsm;ukd tjcm;ypönf;rsm;ESifh rvJ-vS,faumif;? a&mif;csí rpm;aumif;aMumif; owdjyKoifhonf/

²²²


'kuú#ftmywf

('kuú# = 'k + uw) 'k = raumif;ojzifh? uw = jyKtyfaomtrI?

raumif;ojzifh jyKtyfaom udk,frIç EIwfrIwdkYudk 'kuú#[k qdk&-aomfvnf; þae&mü raumif;ojzifh jyKrI ajymrIaMumifh oifha&muf-tyfaom tmywfudkvnf; um&Plypm&tm;jzifh 'kuú#ftmywf[kac:tyfonf/ þ'kuú#ftmywfonf t&mus,fí rsm;jym;\/ txl;avhvmrSwfom;xm;oifhaomaMumifh &EdkiforQ pkaqmif;í wifjyrnfjzpfonf/

t|uxmüvmaom 'kkuú#f (8) rsKd;

1/ ykAÁya,m*'kuú#f? 2/ o[ya,m*'kkuú#f? 3/ temrmo'kuú#f?4/ 'k½lypdPÖ'kuú#f? 5/ 0de,'kuú#f? 6/ Ów'kuú#f? 7/ Úwåd'kuú#f? 8/y#dó0'kuú#ftm;jzifh (8)yg; jyqdk\/

1/ arxkefrI rjzpfrD a&S;tzdkYüjzpfaom 'kuú#f? cdk;onfrS a&S;tzdkYü oifh-aom 'kuú#fwdkYonf ykAÁya,m*'kuú#f rnf\/ yg&mZduav;yg;?oHCm'daoofwdkY\ a&S;tzdkYü oifh&aom 'kuú#frsm;vnf; þü0ifoifhonf/

2/ cdk;onfESifh wuGjzpfaom 'kuú#f? jr§Kyfxm;aom a&Ttdk; aiGtdk; ponf-udk cdk;&mü a&Ttdk; aiGtdk;wdkY\tay:ü aygufa&mufaeaom opfyifudkjzwfjcif; ajrudk wl;jcif;paom ya,m*ESifhwuGjzpfaom 'kuú#fudk


o[ya,m*'kuú#f[k ac:onf/

3/ &wem (10)yg;? pyg;rsKd; (7)yg;? vufeuf[lorQ? wl&d,mrsKd;[lorQ?rdef;r½kyfykH? "mwfykHponfrsm;udk okH;oyfrdjcif;aMumifh oifhaom 'kuú#f-wnf;/ temrmo'kuú#f rnf\/

4/ opfyifü wnf&dSaom pm;zG,ftoD;t&GufwdkYudk udkifrd xdrdjcif;?tuyfrcH&ao;aom cJzG,f abmZOfESifh umvduav;yg;? pm;-aomufzG,f&mrsm;udk (vlç omraP rdbponfwdkYtm; ay;&efr[kwfbJ) oufouf vufaqmh ajcaqmhoabmjzifh xdvQif (ae&mra&GUapbJ udkifvQif) 'k½lypdPÖ'kuú#f? (Oyrm - omraPrsm; qGrf;-csuf&mokdYoGm;í qGrf;[if;tdk;udk zGifhjcif;? tuyfrcH&ao;aomoydwf\ tzkH;udk zGifhMunfhjcif; ponfwdkYwnf;/)

5/ qGrf;cH<uaepOf jrLrIefusaom qGrf;&Sdaom oydwfudk wpfzef tuyf-rcH qGrf;qufcHjcif;aMumifh oifhaom 0de,'kuú#f/

6/ oHCmoif;cJGjcif;iSm tm;xkwfvkHYvjyKaeaom &[ef;tm; rqdkqkH;rjcif;aMumifh oifhaom Ów'kuú# f/

7/ oHCmonf Úwfur®0gpmjzifh qkH;raomtcg ÚwftqkH;ü oifh-aom Úwåd'kuú#f/

8/ þausmif;wdkufü 0gqdkygtHh[k 0efcHNyD;rS 0grqdkjcif;aMumifh oifhaomy#dó0'kuú#f[k - t|uxmü 'kuú#f (8)rsKd; jyqdk\/

xdkYjyif - 9/ 0wåab''kuú#f? 10/ o'¨ga',s0dedygw'kuú#f? 11/O*¾[dw'kuú#f? 12/ taEÅm0kw¬'kuú#f? 13/ taEÅmyuú'kuú#f? 14/omrHyuú'kuú#f? 15/ ykeyuú'kuú#f? 16/ ADZ*grygwAs'kuú#f? 17/aocd,'kuú#f ponfjzifh 'kuú#ftmywfrsm;vnf; &Sdao;\/


9/ 0wåab''kuú#f

r[m0g plV0g 0wåcEuü ynwfawmfrltyfaom 0wfBuD; (14)yg;?0wfi,f (22)yg;twdkif; rusifhvQif 0wåab''kuú#ftmywf oifh\/

10/ o'¨ga',s0dedygw'kuú#f

tvSL&SifwdkYonf o'gw&m; a&SUxm;í vSLxm;aom ypönf;rsm;udkvSLaom 'g,umç 'g,dumrrsm;\ o'gw&m;ysufpD;atmif raumif;-ojzifh okH;pGJvQif o'¨ga',s0dedygw'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/

11/ O*¾[dw'kuú#f

'k½lypdPÖ'kuú#fü jyqdkxm;aom cJzG,f abmZOfESifh umvduav;yg;?pm;aomufzG,f&mrsm;udk udkif½kH xd½kHrubJ ae&mrS a&GUavmufatmifajr§mufcsDqGJrvQif O*¾[dw'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/ 'k½lypdPÖjzpfaomtpm;tpmudk udkifaom xdaom &[ef;wpfyg;om rpm;aumif;raomufaumif;? tjcm;&[ef;rsm;um; pm;aumif;ao;\/ tuyfrcH-&ao;aom tpm;tpmukd ajr§mufcsDrçrdvQif xdkO*¾[dwjzpfaom tpm;-tpmudkum; &[ef;tm;vkH;yif rpm;aomufaumif;awmhNyD/ xdkYaMumifh&[ef;awmfrsm;onf tuyfrcH&ao;aom tpm;tpmrsm;udk xdjcif;ça&GUjcif;ç rjcif;ç udkifajr§mufjcif; rjyKrdap&ef ta&;BuD;vSonf/

12/ taEÅm0kw¬'kuú#f

tuyÜd,uk#d (= rtyfaomausmif;)wdkYü o[ao,savmuf-aom trdk;tumt&HtwGif;ü ,m0umvdu? ,mrumvdu ESpfrsKd;wdkYudkt½kPfwufonfhwdkifatmif okdrSD;odrf;qnf;í nodyfxm;jcif;udktvsif; rjyK&/ nOfhodyfxm;jcif;udk jyKcJhaomf xdk0w¬Konf taEÅm0kw¬jzpf\/ xdk0w¬Kudk tuyfcHpm;aomufaom &[ef;tm; taEÅm0kw¬'kuú#f-tmywf oifh\/


13/ taEÅmyuú'kuú#f

xdk tuyÜd,uk#Dausmif;twGif;ü xdkumvduESpfrsKd;wdkYudk vlç om-raPwdkY csufjyKwfaMumfavSmfcJhonf&dSaomf xdk0w¬KwdkYonf taEÅmyuújzpfukef\/ xkd0w¬KwdkYudk pm;aomufaom &[ef;tm; taEÅmyuú'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/ tuyÜd,uk#Dausmif;ESifh pyfí aoemoeausmif;-tcef;ü jyqdkrnf jzpfygonf/

14/ omrHyuú'kuú#f

&[ef;udk,fwdkif a&S;umvduESpfrsKd;wdkYudk uyÜd,ausmif;? tuyÜd,-ausmif; tjcm;ae&mwdkYü aMumfavSmf csufjyKwf zkwfuif aygif;jcif;wdkYudkrjyK&m? rjyKaumif;ay/ xdkodkY jyKcJhaomf xdk0w¬Ktm;vkH;onf omrHyuújzpfawmh\/ xdkomrHyuú0w¬Kudk pm;aomufaom &[ef;tm;vkH; omrH-yuú'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/

15/ ykeyuú'kuú#f

vlç omraPwdkY csufí usufNyD;aom umvduESpfrsKd;wdkYudk wpfzefjyefcsufrIç jyefaET;rIonf ykeyuúrnf\? &[ef;udk,fwdkif jyKvkyfEdkif\?tjypf r&Sd? usufNyD;aom xrif;at; [if;at;wdkYudk &[ef;udk,fwdkifrD;ü aET;tyf\? usufNyD;aom xrif;udk ,ref; (qefjyKwf)jzpfatmifusKdEdkif\? usKdaumif;\? &[ef;udk,fwkdif usKdaomç aET;aom 0w¬Kudk-rlum; a&SUumvdu0w¬KESpfrsKd;wdkYESifh ra&mr,SufapbJ oufoufoD;jcm;pm;aomuf bkOf;ay;tyf\/ a&maESmí pm;aomufcJhaomf ykeyuú'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/ taEÅm0kw¬? taEÅmyuú? omrHyuú? ykeyuú þav;csuf-wdkYudk uGJuGJjym;jym;odatmif avhvm rSwfom;oifh\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) taEÅm0kw¬ç taEÅmyuúç omrHyuúç þokH;0? ,m0 ,mrrSm/usufNyD;udkvsuf? wpfzefcsuf? oufouftyfonfom/a&SUumvdESpf? a&mjyefvpf? tjypf &Sdjyefvm/


'kuú#f (3) rsKd; oifhEkdif

aemufumvduESpfrsKd; owåm[umvdu? ,m0ZD0duESpfrsKd;wdkYum;&[ef;udk,fwdkif aMumfavSmf csufjyKwfaomfvnf; taEÅm0kw¬? taEÅmyuú?omrHyuú jzpfapumrl 'kuú#f (3)rsKd;rS vGwfuif;Edkifonf/ odkYaomf a&S;umvdujzpfaom ,m0umvdu (= cJzG,f abmZOf)? ,mrumvdu(= tazsmf,rum)wdkYESifh ra&mr,Suf oufoufpm;aomufrSom tm-ywfokH;rsKd;rS vGwfuif;Edkif\/ xdka&SUumvduESpfyg;ESifh a&maESmí rpm;-aumif;? pm;aomufcJhaomf taEÅm0kw¬? taEÅmyuú? omrHyuú'kuú#ftmywfokH;rsKd;wdkY oifha&mufEdkifonf/

16/ ADZ*grygwAs'kuú#f

rsKd;aphtaygif;udk ADZ*grf[k ac:onf/ rlv = tjrpf? cE = yifpnf?zvk = tqpf? t*¾ = tñGefY? ADZ = taph? þ ADZ*grfig;rsKd;udk zsufqD;vQifADZ*grygwAs'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/ xdkYaMumifh &[ef;awmfrsm;onf xdkrsKd;aphjzpfaom ig;rsKd;wdkYudk pm;aomufvdkvQif vlç omraPwdkYukduyÜdapjcif; jyKNyD;rSomvQif pm;aumif; bkOf;ay;aumif;onf/

17/ aocd,'kuú#f

aocd,odu©myk'frsm; vGefusL;vQif 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/ xdkao-cd,odu©myk'frsm;udk pm&dwå0denf;jzpfjcif;udk jyqdkawmfrlvdkaomaMumifhtmywftrnfwyfí ynwfawmfrrlacs/ xkdaocd,usifh0wfwdkYudkrodíjzpfapç owdarhavsmhíjzpfapç vGefusL;vdkaom apwemr&Sdíjzpfap rusifhrd rvdkufemrdvQif tjypfr&Sdç tmywfroifhaomfvnf;odvsufESifh r½kdraojyKNyD; odvsufESifh rusifhaomfum; aocd,'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/ odí usifhvQifum; tusKd;&onf/ *g&0ukodkvfjzpfonf/

²²²


'kAÇmodwtmywf


'kAÇmodwtmywf

('kAÇmodw = 'k + bmodw) 'k = raumif;ojzifh? bmodw =ajymqdktyfaom pum;? xkdodkY raumif;ojzifh ajymrIaMumifh oifha&muf-aom tmywfudk um&Plypm&tm;jzifh 'kkAÇmodwtmywf[k ac:&-onf/ jyuf&,fajymifavSmif usDpm;vdkaom &,f&TifzG,fjzpfapvdkaomoabmjzihf omraPudkjzpfapç vludk jzpfap ykaeoludk ]]vlxGm;BuD;vmNyDuGJU?}} t&yf&Snfoludk ]]vlykav; vmNyDuJGU?}} ]]cwåd,BuD; vmNyDuGJU?}}]]yd#uwftdk;BuD; vmNyDuGJU?}} ]]&[EÅmBuD; <uvmNyDuGJU}}ponfjzifh ajymqdk-jcif;rsKd;[lorQwdkYudk 'kAÇmodwtmywf[k rSwftyf\/ usDpm;aemuf-ajymifwwfaom &[ef;rsm;onf þ'kAÇmodwtmywf oifhwwfaMumif;owdjyKí a&SmifMuOfoifhonf/

w&m;tm;xkwfaeaom toifolawmfaumif;onf (tPkrawå-(tPkrawå-(tPkrawå-(tPkrawå-(tPkrawå-ok 0aZÆok b,'óm0D 0d[&wd)ok 0aZÆok b,'óm0D 0d[&wd)ok 0aZÆok b,'óm0D 0d[&wd)ok 0aZÆok b,'óm0D 0d[&wd)ok 0aZÆok b,'óm0D 0d[&wd) tEkjrLyrm ao;i,fpGmaom tjypftmywfwdkYü ab;BuD;[lí ½Ijrifvsuf ae&rnf[kvnf;aumif;ç (tEÅ&m-(tEÅ&m-(tEÅ&m-(tEÅ&m-(tEÅ&m-,daum "ar®m 0kawåm b*0wm),daum "ar®m 0kawåm b*0wm),daum "ar®m 0kawåm b*0wm),daum "ar®m 0kawåm b*0wm),daum "ar®m 0kawåm b*0wm) psmefr*fzdkvf\ tEÅ&m,fudk jyKwwf-\[kvnf;aumif;ç jrwfpGmbk&m; owday; a[mMum;xm;awmfrlcsuf&Sdayonf/

'kuú#fESifh 'kAÇmodwtmywfrsm;

'kuú#fESifh 'kAÇmodwtmywfrsm;udk 0denf;ygVdawmfvmtwdkif; xyfrH&SmazGwifjyygOD;rnf/


a&tdrf (0pöuk#D)okdY a&S;OD;pGm 0ifrnfh&[ef;ukd wm;jrpfí rdrdtvsif0ifjcif;aMumifh 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/ a&qdyfokdY a&S;OD;pGm oufrnfh&[ef;ukd jrifí rdrd tvsifoufjcif;? qGrf;cH&GmokdY a&S;OD;pGm 0ifrnfh&[ef;ukd wm;jrpfí rdrd tvsif0ifjcif;? (þtcsufukd axmufí 0pöuk#Da&csKd;qdyf qGrf;cH&Gm 0if&mwkdYü ax&fpOf0gvkduf apmifh&ef rvkday??)oDwif;BuD;u rwkdufwGef;ygbJvsuf cGifhryefMum;bJvsuf w&m;a[m-jcif;? ygwdarmufjyjcif;? jyóem ar;jcif;? oDwif;BuD; vm&mwGif ae&mrSrxjcif;? oDwif;BuD;ESifh wpfcef;wnf; twlaevQif rax&fBuD;ukdryefMum;bJ pmtHo&ZÑm,fjcif;? qDrD;nd§xGef;jcif; (vQyfppfrD; zGifhjcif;çydwfjcif;) avoGefwHcg; ponfukd zGifhjcif;ç ydwfjcif;? rdpämt,l&Sdaom&[ef;ukd &Sdckd;jcif;? Ou©dwåu&[ef;ukkd &Sdckd;jcif;? y&d0gofaqmufwnfqJ&[ef;ç t&if;okdY iifxkdufaom &[ef;ç rmewfusifhqJ&[ef;ç rmewf-ay;xkdufaom &[ef;ç tAÇmefoGif;xkdkufaom &[ef;ç þ ur®m&[&[ef;(5)rsKd;wdkYudk &Sdcdk;jcif;? t0wfruyfaom &[ef;udk &Sdcdk;jcif;? t0wfruyfbJ oDwif;BuD;udk &Sdcdk;jcif;? 0denf;ü rvdr®mbJvsuf OyZÑm,fq&medó,nf;q&m jyKjcif;? tvZÆD&[ef;wdkYtm; edó,nf;ay;jcif;?tvZÆD&[ef;wdkYudk trSDedó,nf;q&mjyKí aejcif;? edó,rkpöut*Fg-rsm;ESifh rjynfhpkHao;bJ edó,nf;ay;wwfaom q&mudk rrDSbJ aejcif;?tmywf roifhbJvsuf a'oemajymMum;jcif;? 0w¬Koabmwloifhaomtmywfudk a'oemajymMum;jcif;? oHCm'daooftmywf roifhbJvsufy&d0gofç rmewf aqmufwnfjcif;? uHr[kwfonfudk uHjyKjcif;? 0k|meuHoHCm'daooftmywfudk a'oemuHjyKjcif;? a'oemuHtmywfudk0k|meuH jyKjcif;? vufuawmhudk,f0wf rwifbJ aqmifhaMumifhrxdkifbJvuftkyfrcsDbJ a'oemajymMum;jcif;? OykofjyKjcif;? y0g&PmjyKjcif;?q&mOyZÑm,fwdkYtm; &Sdcdk;jcif;paom 0wfudk rjyKjcif;? y&d0gofaejcif;?paom ur®m&[t&mü wnfaepOf &[ef; omraPwdkY\ 0wfudkom,mjcif;? ur®m&[yk*¾dKvfwdkY usifh&aom0wfudk rjznfhusifhjcif;? 0gv-


wdkifvsuf 0gruyfjcif;? owåm[u&PD, rjyK&monfü owåm[-u&PD, (0gyef) jyKí oGm;jcif;? cGifhjyKtyfaomtaMumif; r&SdbJvsuf0óapä' (0gjywfjcif;)udk jzpfapjcif;? tvTrf;okH;yg;wGif wpfyg;yg; r&Sd-bJvsuf rdarG;wdkif; (ukd,fwkH;vkH;) a&csKd;jcif;? (tvTrf;okH;yg;um; t0wf-tvTrf;? a&tvTrf;? taqmufttkHtvTrf;wnf;/) a&csKd;aomtcgudk,fudk eH&H wdkif opfyifwdkYü yGwfjcif;? rSwfausmufrIefYjzifh yGwfjcif;?wpfa,mufausmESifh wpfa,muf yGwfjcif;? udk,feHYeHol r[kwfbJvsufqyfjymarT;jzifh a&csKd;jcif;? yuwdyk&do vufwpfq,fhESpfopfxuftvGef&Snfaom wHyl ('efyl)udk pm;jcif;? ajcmufvufopfatmuf ,kwfaom(0g) wdkaom wHyludk pm;jcif;? aevGJaomtcgü ydygoypö, (qmavmif-rGwfodyfjcif;taMumif;) r&SdbJvsuf azsmf&nfudk aomufjcif;? aevGJ-aomtcg (a*vnypö,) tem[laomtaMumif; r&SdbJvsuf owåm-[umvduç ,m0ZD0duç axmywfç aq;ponfudk pm;rsKdjcif;? uGrf;çaq;&Gufç vufzufpm;jcif;? aMu;eD ponfjzifh jyKaom ytkyfüqGrf;pm;jcif;? &[ef;ESpfyg; wpfcGufwnf;ü twlpm;jcif;? ukwifwpfck-wnf;ü twltdyfjcif;? wpfcif;wnf; cif;í twltdyfjcif;? wpfxnfudktwljcHKí tdyfjcif;? wpfcif; wpf½kHwnf; cif;jcHKí tdyfjcif;? okH;yg;xdkif-avmufatmif r&Snfaom ae&mXmeü okH;0g okH;0gxuf tvGefBuD;aom&[ef;ESifh ae&mwef;wl xdkifjcif;? «rdrdESifh txufatmuf okH;0gtwGif;&dS(ESpf0gBuD; ESpf0gi,f) &[ef;ESifh ae&mwef;wlü twlxdkifjcif;iSm cGifhjyK\»okH;yg;xdkifavmufatmif &Snfaom ae&mXmeüum; rdrdxuf okH;0gçoHk;0gtxuf BuD;aom&[ef;ESifhvnf; ae&mwl xdkifEkdif\/ odkYaomfanmifapmif; tif;ysOf ukwif xdkifckHwdkYüum; txufatmuf ESpf0gBuD;ESpf0gi,f &[ef;ESpfyg;omvQif twlxkdifEkdifonf[k 0drwd0daem'eD#Dum-0drwd0daem'eD#Dum-0drwd0daem'eD#Dum-0drwd0daem'eD#Dum-0drwd0daem'eD#Dum-q&mq&mq&mq&mq&m qkd\/


qdwfç okd;ç orifç acsç pkdifç {PDrnfaom om;aumif qwfwkdY\ta&rSwpfyg;aom om;a&wkdYjzifh jyKvkyfaom om;a&e,f tcif;ukdukd,fykdifypönf;tjzpfjzifh okH;aqmifjcif;? bk&m;&Sif wm;jrpfawmfrltyf-aom u,0duú, ponfaMumifh&aom ypönf;ukd okH;aqmifjcif;? t*F-aw ponfjzifh tajytjypf jyKtyfaom t&yfü zdeyfpD;jcif;? ausmif;tdyf&m ae&mü zdeyfpD;jcif;? oHCm\ Opömjzpfaom anmifapmif; tif;-ysOf ukwifxkdifckHwkdYukd raq; ryGwf rokwfaom ajcç pkdpGwfaom ajcwkdYjzifh eif;jcif;? t*Faw ponfjzihf tajytjypf jyKtyfaom eH&HudkoHk;oyfjcif;? wHwdkif; eH&HwdkYü usifBuD; usifi,f trIduf pm;<uif;wdkYudkpGefYypfjcif;? tem[laomtaMumif; r&dSbJvsuf 'kkuk#f oif;ydkif {uoD-ouFef;jzihf jrif;acgif;ausmufqpf vSnhf&pfywfodkif;í tma,m*ywf-zJGUvsuf aejcif;? ouFef;udk raumif;ojzihf 0wf½Hkjcif;? cg;yef;udk rzJGUbJ-vsuf &GmwGif;okdY 0ifjcif;? wyfESpfoufaom pdwfjzihf qGrf;vSLaoma,mufsm; rdef;rwdkY\ rsufESmç udk,ft*Fgç t*FgZmwfwdkYudk Munfhjcif;?jiLplaom pdwfjzihf tjcm;&[ef;wpfyg;\ oydwfudk Munhfjcif;? tem-[laom taMumif;r&SdbJvsuf rdrdrsufESmudk aMu;rkH (rSef) a&cGufponfwdkYü Munfhjcif;? wpfyg;aomolu ][wfcsKd;}[k acsqwf&mü]touf &Snfygapaom0f}[k qdkjcif;? ujcif;ç uapjcif;ç oDqdkjcif;ç oDqdk-apjcif;? w&m;awmfudk &Snfaom toHjzifh oDcsif;uJhodkY oDqdkjcif;? (toH-xif&Sm;atmif &Gwfqdkjcif;ukd cGifhjyK\/) oDqdkjcif;ç wD;rIwfjcif;ç ujcif;-wdkYudk Munfh½Iem;axmifjcif;? (oDcsif;*DwoHrsm; zGifhxm;aom a&'D,dkuufquf w,fvDaA;&Sif;wdkYukd em;axmifMunfh½Ijcif;rsm; yg0ifEkdifonf??)

yJGvrf;obifcHjcif;ç rif;eef;awmfudkjzpfap? qef;Mu,faom tdrfçtm&mrfç jcHç O,smOfç a&uefwdkYudkjzpfap wrifoufouf oGm;Munfh-jcif;? bk&m; w&m; oHCmudk taMumif;jyKí ]]ausmufbk&m;avm}}]EGm;w&m;avm} ]om;taygif;avm} ]EGm;eDtkyfBuD;avm}ponfjzifh


jyuf&,fjyKjcif;? vl0wfaMumifwdkYuJhodkY 0wfjcif;? ½kHjcif;? cg;awmif;usdKuf-jcif; (þtcsufaMumifh tHoukd#f udk,fMuyf? wpfzufjywftusÐrsm;udkr0wf½kHoifhay/) wpfpkHwpfckaom upm;rsKd;udk upm;jcif;? awmudk rD;-wdkufjcif;? (teD;tyg; awmrD;avmifaeí ausmif;rD;avmifjcif;rSumuG,f&eftvdkYiSm rD;BudKay;&ef t&Htwm; vkyf&ef cGifhjyKawmfrl\??)ESpfbuf 0efxkyf0efykd;&Sdaom xrf;ydk;udk xrf;jcif;? ]qdkif;}ç ]jcif;}jzifh oydwf-ukd aqmifjcif; (þtcsufaMumifh tayguf ZumuGufygaom oydwf-tdwfudk tcsKdUq&mawmfrsm; rESpfoufMujcif; jzpfonf/) &Snfaomwkwfjzifh oydwf&Sdaom qdkif;udk aqmifjcif;? 'g,umwdkYtm; avmuGwf-ysLiSm avmu0wf jyKjcif;? opfoD;ay;jcif;? yef;ay;jcif;? oDwif;okH;azmfrdbpaom olwdkYrS wpfyg; tjcm;olwdkYudk aq;ay;jcif;? aA'ifoifjcif;?oifapjcif;/

umvtm;jzifh ESpfv? yrmPtm;jzifh vufESpfopfxuftvGef&Snfaom qHyifudk rokwfoifbJ xm;jcif;? rkwfqdwfudk &Snfatmifxm;jcif;? (MuifpG,f) EIwfcrf;arG;xm;jcif;? ESmacgif;rS tyodkY xGufatmif&Snfaom ESmacgif;arG;udk rokwfoifbJ xm;jcif;? vufonf; ajconf;-wdkYudk tom;xuf &Snfapjcif;? ¤if;wdkYudk tajytjypf tvStyjyKjcif;?yóm0r*fESifh vufuwD;Mum; csKdif;Mum;ü aygufaom tarG;wdkYudk&dwfEkwfjcif;? &ifarG;wdkYudk &dwfEkwfjcif;? qHjzLudk Ekwfjcif;? Ekwfapjcif;?tem[laom taMumif;r&SdbJvsuf qHyifudk uwfaMu;jzifh jzwfjcif;?wpfolcefYrQ (vufckwfwpfazmifcefYrQ) wufí xif;ajcmufudk ,ljcif;rSwpfyg; ab;r&SdbJvsuf opfyifwufjcif;? tem[laom taMumif;r&SdbJ-vsuf t*FgZmwfudkMuOfí <uif;aom udk,ft*Fgudk jzwfjcif;? (t*FgZmwfjzwfvQif xkv’pöOf;) tm[m&udk jzwfjcif; ponfjzifh rdrdudk,fudkowfjcif;? a&ppf rygbJ t"GefY&Snfaom (,lZemcGJ = av;rdkif) c&D;odkYoGm;jcif;? a&ppfiSm;aom &[ef;tm; a&ppf ray;jcif;? yef;csDa&;aom


t½kyf[lorQudk a&;jcif;? a&;apjcif;? xkjcif;? xkapjcif;? olwpfyg;\y&dowfudk jzm;a,mif;jcif;? &[ef; omraPwdkYtm; rtyfr&maomtusifhudk aqmufwnfapjcif;? *dvme (odkYr[kwf) &[ef;tdk r[kwfbJ-vsuf EGm;vSnf; jrif;vSnf; qdkufum;rsm;udkvnf;aumif;ç xrf;pif (a0g)ukdvnf;aumif;ç t0wfxrf;ukdvnf;aumif;ç vlESpfa,muf vufcsif;-,Sufí aqmif,laom vufayGUtxrf;paom xrf;piftrsKd;rsKd;udkvnf;-aumif; pD;jcif;[lorQwdkYonf 'kuú#fcsnf;wnf;/ (*dvme odkYr[kkwf&[ef;tdk jzpfí pD;vQif txD;uaom ,mOfüomvQif pD;tyfonf/)

wdw¬dwdkY aqmufwnftyfaom ttçuJhokdY pum;rajymaomtusifhukd aqmufwnfjcif;? remrzsm;bJvsuf &GmwGif;ü zdeyfpD;jcif;?tvkH;pkH ndK a&T eD jzL rnf;aom tqif;&Sdukefaom zdeyfrsm;ukd pD;jcif;(ck'´odu©medó, Oyg[eeda'´o) «tvkH;pkH uif;ajcrsm;ausmufukef;-tqif;ç vdar®mfa&mif&Sdaom zdeyfç tvkH;pkH zuf&Gufa&mftqif;&Sdaomzdeyfvnf; rtyf[k r[m0gygVdawmf jrefrmjyef pr®u©Eu (272) pmykd'f(246)ü vm&Sd\/» tonf;wyfaom zdeyfrsm;? zaemifhzkH; wyfaomzdeyfrsm;? zrkd;zkH;wyfaom zdeyfrsm;? jcaoFhç usm;ç usm;opfç opfeufçzsHç aMumifç &SOfheufç ½SL;a&wkdYjzifh csKyfaom zdeyf ponfukd pD;jcif;?rdrd\ edó,nf;q&mç rdrdxuf ajcmuf0gBuD;aom tmp&d,rwåyk*¾dKvfçrdrd\ OyZÑm,fq&mç rdrdxuf q,f0gBuD;aom OyZÑm,rwåyk*¾dKvfçxkdyk*¾dKvfwkdY zdeyfrpD;vQif ¤if;yk*¾dKvfwkdY\ teD;tem; (q,fhESpfawmiftwGif;)ü zdeyfrpD;&jcif;/

tem[laom taMumif;vnf; r&Sd? aeylrkd;&Gmjcif;vnf; r&Sd? yuwd-tcgü NrdKUwGif;&GmwGif; rqkdxm;bd ausmif;tm&mrf jyifyESifh awmawmifrsm;üvnf; xD;raqmif;tyfjcif;? (xD;tvSaqmif;jcif;ukd qkdvkdonf) xD;&GuftwGif;üvnf;aumif;ç trkd;üvnf;aumif; ig;yg;aomtqif; &Sdukefaom csnfwkdYjzifh csKyfjcif;iSm rtyf? xD;&Guftrkd;ü ru&f;-


oGm;oP²mefç vjcrf;oP²mef ponfwkdYukd xkjcif;iSm rtyf? xD;½kd;üa&;cs,fxm;aom MumyGifhonfvnf;aumif;? om;&J½kyfonfvnf;-aumif;? MuHqpfta&;onfvnf;aumif; rtyf? (xkd qdkcJhNyD;aom xD;rsm;jzpfvQif t½kyfrsm; zsufíjzpfap tkyfxm;íjzpfap okH;oifhonf??)

]]vl omraP wd&pämefwkdYukd ½kdufESufvQif 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/ukd&if ausmif;om;rsm;ukd ½dkufESufí qkH;r&müvnf; 'kuú#ftmywfrSrvGwf[k owd&SdMuygukef}}[k t&SifMobmoa&;om;aom ]]0denf;Oy-a'awmfBuD;pmtkyf}}ü vm&Sd\/ þonfwkdYum; 'kuú#ftmywfrsm;ukdjyqkdjcif;wnf;/

²²²


ygpdwåd,tmywf


ygpdwåd,tmywf

pdwåH ygawwDwd ygpdwåd,HpdwåH ygawwDwd ygpdwåd,HpdwåH ygawwDwd ygpdwåd,HpdwåH ygawwDwd ygpdwåd,HpdwåH ygawwDwd ygpdwåd,H? ukokdvfpdwfukd usapwwfaomaMumifhygpdwftmywf[k ac:&onf/ apwemESifhwuG vGefusL;í oifhtyfaomygpdwftmywfjzpfonfhtcg ukokdvfpdwfrsm; uG,faysmufaomaMumifh]]ukokdvfpdwfukd usapaom tmywfukokdvfpdwfukd usapaom tmywfukokdvfpdwfukd usapaom tmywfukokdvfpdwfukd usapaom tmywfukokdvfpdwfukd usapaom tmywf}}[k qkdonf/

ygpdwåd, ½kyfNyD;xm;yygpdwåd, ½kyfNyD;xm;yygpdwåd, ½kyfNyD;xm;yygpdwåd, ½kyfNyD;xm;yygpdwåd, ½kyfNyD;xm;ykH - ygpdwåd,-ü (pdwå + ygwd,)[k yk'f&if;jzpf\/ ygw ESifh pdwåukd a&SUaemufjyef w-ukd acsí 0PÖ0dy&d,m,ç0PÖavmyed½kwådenf;jzifh ygpdwåd,[k ½kyfNyD;onf/

1/ edó*¾d,ygpdwf?

2/ ok'ygpdwf?

3/ ab'euygpdwf?

4/ O'¨gveuygpdwf?

5/ aq'euygpdwf ponfjzifh ygpdwftmywfrsm;ukd cGJjcm;rSwfom;oifhonf/

edó*¾d,ygpdwfedó*¾d,ygpdwfedó*¾d,ygpdwfedó*¾d,ygpdwfedó*¾d,ygpdwf

edóZDÆ,aw edó*¾d,H? edóZÆeH edó*¾d,H? edóZÆdwAÁEÅd edó*¾d,H?edó*¾d,H tómwd edó*¾d,H/ edóZÆDwAÁH = pGefYxkduf\/ £wd = xkdY-aMumifh? edó*¾d,H = edó*¾drnf\/ eddóZÆD,aw = pGefYjcif;? edó*¾d,HpGefYjcif;? tó = xkdygpdwftmywf\/ edó*¾d,H = pGefYjcif; 0denf;uHonf/


tw¬d = &Sd\/ £wd = xkdYaMumifh/ wH = xkdygpdwftmywfonf/ edó*¾d,H= edó*¾d,rnf\/

pGefYxkdufçpGefYtyfaom ypönf; (ur®om"e)

a'oemrMum;rD a&SUtzkdYü pGefYjcif;0denf;uH (bm0om"e)? ouFef;paom edó*¾d,0w¬Kukd pGefYNyD;aemufü a'oemMum;tyfaomaMumifhpGefYjcif;0denf;uH&Sdaom ygpdwftmywf (tów¬dw'dwf)? edó*¾dygpdwftmywfESifh pyfí pGefYxkdufaom ouFef;ç pGefYxkdufaom qGrf;ç pGefYxkduf-aom ausmif;ç pGefYxkdufaom aq;ç pGefYxkdufaom tcif; paom tokH;-taqmifç pGefYxkdufaom a&TaiG ponfjzifh odu©myk'f(30) &Sdonfhtm;-avsmfpGm edó*d¾ ygpdwftmywfrsm; rsm;pGmoifha&mufEkdifojzifh owd&Sd-oifhayonf/

tmywfukpm;jcif;tmywfukpm;jcif;tmywfukpm;jcif;tmywfukpm;jcif;tmywfukpm;jcif;

edó*d¾ygpdwftmywfonf a'oemajymMum;í Nidrf;aysmufaumif;aom tmywfjzpfaomfvnf; pGefYoifY pGefYxdkufaom edó*¾d0w¬Kypönf;-rsm;ukd 0denf;uHESifhtnD pGefYNyD;rSomvQif a'oemMum;&rnf jzpfonf/edó*d¾,0w¬Kypönf;rsm;ukd rpGefYvTwfbJ a'oemajymMum;jcif; tBudrf&maxmif jyKaomfvnf; ,if;edó*d¾tmywfrS rxajrmufEkdif rvGwfEdkif-aMumif; owd&dSoifhvSonf/ ypönf;Opöm cifwG,fpGJvrf;olwdkY pGefYvTwf-Ekdif&ef cJ,Of;vSonf/ oHCm'daooftmywfxufyif ukpm;&ef cJ,Of;-EdkifaMumif; *½kjyKoifhonf/

tmvsjywf pGefY&rnfhypönf;rsm;tmvsjywf pGefY&rnfhypönf;rsm;tmvsjywf pGefY&rnfhypönf;rsm;tmvsjywf pGefY&rnfhypönf;rsm;tmvsjywf pGefY&rnfhypönf;rsm;

rdrdudk,fwdkif om,mí tvIcHxm;aom a&TaiGESifh xdka&TaiGwdkYjzifh0,f,lxm;aom toHk;taqmifypönf;rsm;ç ukv'loerI taeoerIrdpämZD0rIwdkYjzifh &&Sdxm;aom ypönf;rsm;udk iJhuGufwG,fwmrI r&SdbJ


tNyD;tydkif tmvsjywf pGefYNyD;rSom a'oemuHjyKí tmywfrS xajrmufNidrf;aysmufEdkif\/ xdkYaMumifh tqdkygypönf;wdkYudk tNyD;tydkif tmvsjywfpGefYoifhMuonf/ xdkrS <uif;aom edó*d¾,ypönf;wdkYudkrl qdkif&m0denf;uHjyKNyD;í wcsKdU edó*d¾,0w¬KwdkYü wjcm;toHk;taqmifypönf; jyifqifí0denf;"dk&fu pD&ifNyD; jyefay;vQif oHk;pGJaumif;aom edó*d¾ypönf;rsm;&Sdao;onfudkvnf; od&dSrSwfom; avhvmxm;oifhonf/

edó*d¾ypönf; pGefYenf;rsm;edó*d¾ypönf; pGefYenf;rsm;edó*d¾ypönf; pGefYenf;rsm;edó*d¾ypönf; pGefYenf;rsm;edó*d¾ypönf; pGefYenf;rsm;

edó*¾dypönf;rsm;udk pGefY&mü (1) oHCmxH pGefYenf;? (2) ESpfyg;oHk;yg; *kdPf;xH pGefYenf;? (3) wpfyg;wnf; yk*¾dKvfxH pGefYenf;[k ygVdawmfü(3)enf; a[mMum;xm;awmfrlonf/ temrmoa&TaiGudk pGefYjcif;ç a&TaiG-ESifh qufpyfí jzpfay:vmaom ypönf;wdkY edó*¾dxdkufí pGeYf&mü oHCmtv,fü pGefY&onf/ *dkPf;yk*¾dKvfxH pGefYí r&aomaMumifh *dkPf;ç yk*¾dKvfxHpGefYenf;wdkYudk ra[mMum;yg/

a&TaiGESifhpyfí edó*¾dxdkufyHka&TaiGESifhpyfí edó*¾dxdkufyHka&TaiGESifhpyfí edó*¾dxdkufyHka&TaiGESifhpyfí edó*¾dxdkufyHka&TaiGESifhpyfí edó*¾dxdkufyHk

a&TaiGESifhpyfí edó*¾dxdkufyHk t&mus,f0ef;aomaMumifhvnf;-aumif;ç Ak'¨bmomtrsm;pkwdkYuvnf; a&TaiGudkom vSLaeMuaom-aMumifhvnf;aumif;ç &[ef;awmftrsm;pkuvnf; a&TaiGvSLrSom aygYyg;vG,fulí vufcHoabmusaeMuívnf;aumif;ç ,lqyHktrsKd;rsKd; &Sd-aomaMumifhvnf;aumif;ç pGefY&müvnf; cufcJaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;edó*¾d (30)wdkYwGif a&TaiGESifhpyfaom edó*¾drsm;udk a&S;OD;pGm wifjy-vdkygonf/ omoemawmftwGuf tvGef ta&;BuD;vSygonf/

½lyd,odu©myk'f½lyd,odu©myk'f½lyd,odu©myk'f½lyd,odu©myk'f½lyd,odu©myk'f

a&TaiGESifh pyfí edó*¾dxdkufyHk rxdkufyHkrsm; od&Sd&ef ½lyd,odu©myk'fç½lyd,oHa0g[m&odu©myk'fç &mZodu©myk'fç ar@uodu©myk'f (r[m0gaboZÆcEu)ç &weodu©myk'fwdkYudk qufpyfum avhvmxm;oifhonf/


a&TaiG'*Fg;ydkufqHwdkYudk udk,fwdkifvnf; tvSL rcH&? olwpfyg;udk-vnf; rcH,lap&? tvSLcH rcdkif;&? teD;ta0;ü tyfESHvSL'gef;onfudk-vnf; udk,fEIwfwdkYjzifh ry,fbJ pdwfjzifh rom,m&? þodkYaom cH,ljcif;(3)yg;wkdYwGif wpfyg;yg;jzifh cH,lom,mvQif edó*¾dygpdwftmywf oifh\/

tvSLcH&mü 'kuú#f0w¬Krsm;tvSLcH&mü 'kuú#f0w¬Krsm;tvSLcH&mü 'kuú#f0w¬Krsm;tvSLcH&mü 'kuú#f0w¬Krsm;tvSLcH&mü 'kuú#f0w¬Krsm;

a&TaiGudk MuOfí <uif;aom &wem&Spfyg;udk cH,ljcif;? apwDç oHCmçwpfjcm;yk*d¾KvfwdkYtwGuf &wem (10)yg;udk cH,ljcif;? pyg;rsKd; (7)yg;çuRefa,mufsm;ç uRefrdef;rç opfoD;O,smOfç yef;O,smOfç opfoD;jcHç yef;jcHtvSLcHvQif 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) a&TaiG'*Fg;? ydkufqHrsm;? cHjim; edó*¾d/ jr&wem ykvJ? aMumifrsuf-&GJ oGif;? c½koif;ESifh? (ausmuf) pvif;oEÅm? rSwf&m wpfjcm;?ywåjrm;eDajymuf? oGif;avSmuf "n? owårsKd;rnf? 'goD 'go?acwå0w¬K? ESpfck tm&mrf tvSLcH? trSef 'kuú#fcsnf;/

a&TaiGukd vufcHom,mpkxm;jcif;onf tyg,fav;yg;odkY oGm;zdkYp&dwfpkxm;onfESifh wl\/ tpGJoefav tjypfBuD;av jzpfonf/ xdkY-aMumifh pkxm;rdNyD;jzpfvQif 0denf;ESifhtnD pGefYí pifMu,fatmif ukpm;-awmfrlMuygukef/

t*Fg (3) yg; -t*Fg (3) yg; -t*Fg (3) yg; -t*Fg (3) yg; -t*Fg (3) yg; - (1) a&TaiGjzpfjcif;? (2) rdrdzdkY rdrdtwGufjzpfjcif;?(3) udk,fwdkifjzpfapç olwpfyg;udkjzpfap cH,lom,mjcif;? aygif; (3)yg;wnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) a&TaiG jzpfcsuf1? rdrdwGuf[l2? cH,lçcHap om,may3? oifhav½lyd,/


½lyd,oHa0g[m& odu©myk'f½lyd,oHa0g[m& odu©myk'f½lyd,oHa0g[m& odu©myk'f½lyd,oHa0g[m& odu©myk'f½lyd,oHa0g[m& odu©myk'f

trsKd;rsKd;tpm;pm; &dSukefaom a&T aiG '*Fg; ydkufqHwdkYjzifh vJvS,fa&mif;0,fjcif; rjyK&? xdkodkY jyKí &aomypönf;rsm;onf edó*¾dxdkufí½lyd,oHa0g[m& edó*¾dygpdwftmywf oifh\/ trsKd;rsKd; tpm;pm;[l-onf ykwD; em;uyf qGJBudK;ponfjzifh vuf0wfwefqm jyKNyD;aom a&TaiGçvuf0wfwefqm rjyK&ao;aom a&TwkH;a&TcJç aiGwkH;aiGcJç a&T'*Fg;aiG'*Fg;ç ydkufqHaiGpuúL ponfwdkYwnf;/ vJvS,f a&mif;0,f[lonf,ckumv a&TaiGydkufqH aiGpuúLay;í ypönf;,l a&mif;0,fjcif;rsKd;-wdkYwnf;/

edó*¾dtqifhqifh edó*¾dtqifhqifh edó*¾dtqifhqifh edó*¾dtqifhqifh edó*¾dtqifhqifh tmywftqifhqifh

'g,umwdkYxHrS a&TaiGudk tvSLcH,lvQif ½lyd,odu©myk'ft& edó*¾dygpdwfoifhí xkda&TaiGjzifh ouFef;ç pmtkyfç aq; ponf 0,fjyefvQifþodu©myk'ft& ouFef;ponf edó*¾dxdkufí ygpdwfoifh\/ xdkedó*¾dxdkufaom ypönf;jzifh tjcm;tyfpyfaom ypönf;ESifh vJvS,fjyefvQifxdkypönf;rsm;vnf; edó*¾dxdkufjyefavonf/

edó*¾dxdkufaeaom xdkypönf;wdkYudk rpGefYbJ okH;pGJjyefvQif okH;pGJwkdif;okH;pGJwkdif; 'kuú#ftmywf oifhjyefum tjcm;&[ef;awmfrsm;tm; vSLvQifwjcm;&[ef;awmfrsm;vnf; xdkYtwl 'kuú#ftmywf oifhjyef\/ 'kuú#f-tmywfawG ay;a0aeonfESifh wlawmh\/ eufeufeJeJ qifjcifpOfpm;-oifhaomt&m jzpfonf/ edó*¾dypönf;wdkYudk rpGefYygbJ 0denf;uHESifhtnDrpGefYbJ tBudrfaygif;&maxmif a'oemMum;aomfvnf; xdkedó*¾dtmywfrS rpifMu,fEdkifonfudkvnf; txl;owdjyKoifhvS\/

t*Fg (2) yg; - t*Fg (2) yg; - t*Fg (2) yg; - t*Fg (2) yg; - t*Fg (2) yg; - (1) vJvS,ftyfaom0w¬Kç vJvS,faMumif;0w¬KwkdYwGif wpfckckbufü a&TaiGjzpfjcif;? (2) vJvS,fzvS,fjcif;[lí t*FgESpfyg;wnf;/


(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) vJvS,ftyfawmif;? vJvS,faMumif;jzifh? taygif; ESpfaxG? wpf-axGaxGü? a&TaiGjzpfjcif;1? vJvS,fjcif;[k2? aMumif;&if; ESpfvD?t*FgnD? oifhNyD oHa0g[/

a&TaiGESifhpyfaom edó*¾dypönf;rsm; pGefYykH

þodu©myk'f (2)ckvm a&TaiGESifh a&TaiGjzifh qufpyfjzpfay:vmaomedó*dypönf;wkdYukd pGefY&mü oHCmç *kdPf;ç yk*¾dKvftm;vkH;yif rtyfaom-aMumifh t"d|mef 0duyÜem rjyKbJ q,f&uf q,ft½kPfvGefí oifh&aom ouFef;paom tjcm;edó*¾dypönf;rsm; pGefYouJhokdY oHCmç *kdPf;çyk*¾dKvfç &[ef;wkdYxHü pGefYcGifh r&? oHCmtv,fwGifom pGefY&onf/

(ygVdvkd pGefYykH) ]]t[H baEÅ ½lyd,H y#d*¾a[oð? £'H ar edó*¾d,H?]]t[H baEÅ ½lyd,H y#d*¾a[oð? £'H ar edó*¾d,H?]]t[H baEÅ ½lyd,H y#d*¾a[oð? £'H ar edó*¾d,H?]]t[H baEÅ ½lyd,H y#d*¾a[oð? £'H ar edó*¾d,H?]]t[H baEÅ ½lyd,H y#d*¾a[oð? £'H ar edó*¾d,H?£rm[H oHCó edóZÆmrd}}£rm[H oHCó edóZÆmrd}}£rm[H oHCó edóZÆmrd}}£rm[H oHCó edóZÆmrd}}£rm[H oHCó edóZÆmrd}}[k ygVdvkdjzpfap?

(jrefrmvkd pGefYykH) ]]t&Sifbk&m; wynfhawmfonf a&TaiGukd cH,lom,mrdygNyD? þa&TaiGonf wynfhawmftm; pGefYxkdufaeygonf/ þa&T(aiG)ukd oHCmtm; wynfhawmf pGefYyg\}}[k jrefrmvkdjzpfap qkdípGefY&\/

pGefYykH tpDtpOf

a&TaiGukd tvSLcHrdaom &[ef;onf oHCmav;yg;ç ig;yg;ponfyifhaqmifí oHCmawmftxHokdY q,fhESpfawmiftwGif;okdY a&mufatmifcsOf;uyfí yckH;wpfbuf vufuawmhwifonfukd jyKí oDwif;BuD;&[ef;wkdY\ ajcukd &Sdckd;í aqmifhaMumifhxkdif vuftkyfcsDí txufujyqkdxm;onfhtwkdif; ygVdvkdjzpfapç jrefrmvkdjzpfap qkdí pGefY&rnf/

pGefYNyD;aom ypönf;ukd tokH;jyKykH

xkduJhokdY a&TaiGukd pGefYNyD;aomtcg vlç Oygoumç tm&mrfapmifhwpfa,mufa,mufvmvQif ]]þ[mukd odavmh}}[k ajym&rnf/ ]]þaiG


jzifh bmukd ,lcJh&rnfenf;}}[k 'umu avQmufxm;vQif ]]rnfonfh-ypönf;ukd ,lapvkdonf? rnfonfhypönf;ukd uyÜdcJhç ,lcJh}}[k rajymaumif;?rajym&? oHCmawmfrSm tvkd&Sdaom tyfpyfaom ypönf;ukd ajymqkdñTefjy-í ]]rnfonfhypönf;awmh oHCmrSm tyfwmyJ}}[k ajymEkdif\/ xkdokdYajymí'umu oGm;í 0,f,lvmvQif xkdypönf;ukd a&TaiGtvSLcHaom &[ef;rS-wpfyg; «½lyd,y#d*¾g[uH XaywGm oaAÁa[0 y&dbkÍÆdwAÁH? (ygVdawmf)»tjcm;oHCmtm;vkH; oHCduypönf;ukd cGJa0okH;aqmifouJhokdY okH;aqmif-aumif;\/

a&TaiGpGefY&jcif;tusKd;

þodkY a&TaiGukd rpGefYbJxm;u xdka&TaiGonf rnfhonfh&[ef; oH-Cmtm;rQ rtyfawmhbJ oHk;pGJwdkif; 'kuú#ftmywfoifhEdkif\/ oHCmh-tv,fü pGefYvdkufygu a&TaiGcH,laom &[ef;rSwpfyg; tjcm;aomoHCmrsm;ü tyfpyfaom ypönf;tjzpf pDpOfí oHk;pGJEdkifjcif; oHk;pGJcGifh&jcif;onf a&TaiGudk pGefY&jcif;\ tusKd;yifwnf;/

a&TaiGcH,lol&[ef;\ pGefY&jcif;tusKd;

a&TaiGudk tvSLcHrdaom &[ef;rSmum; a&TaiGudk pGefYvdkufonfh-twGuf rdrdrSm tqufquf tjypfuif;í oDvoefY&Sif; pifMu,foGm;-Edkifjcif;? a'oemMum;NyD;aomtcg xdkedó*¾dygpdwftmywfrS pifMu,f-oGm;jcif; oDv0dok'd pdwå0dok'd paom tqifhqifhaom tusKd;wdkYudk&&SdEkdif\/

a&TaiGpGefY&[ef; t*Fgig;yg;

tu,fí txufygtwdkif; vJvS,fpDpOfay;rnfh uRrf;usifvdr®m-aom 'g,um r&tHHhç t*Fgig;yg;ESifh jynfhpHkaom &[ef;udk ]a&TaiGpGefYrnfh&[ef;}[k Úwfur®0gjzifh orkwf&rnf/ xkda&TaiGpGefY&[ef;\ jynfhpkH&rnfht*Fgig;yg;wkdYrSm -


1/ qE´m*wdokdY rvdkuf&m? 2/a'gom*wdokdY rvdkuf&m? 3/ arm-[m*wdodkY rvdkuf&m? 4/ b,m*wdodkY rvdkuf&m? 5/ pGefYtyf rpGefY-tyfonfudkvnf; od&m\ - [k t*Fgig;yg;wkdYwnf;/

Úwfur®0gpmjzifh orkwfykH

okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm ,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCmokPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm ,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCmokPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm ,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCmokPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm ,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCmokPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm ,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCm(£w¬EémrH) bdu©KH ½lyd,q×uH or®aEé,s {om Úwåd/(£w¬EémrH) bdu©KH ½lyd,q×uH or®aEé,s {om Úwåd/(£w¬EémrH) bdu©KH ½lyd,q×uH or®aEé,s {om Úwåd/(£w¬EémrH) bdu©KH ½lyd,q×uH or®aEé,s {om Úwåd/(£w¬EémrH) bdu©KH ½lyd,q×uH or®aEé,s {om Úwåd/

okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? oHaCm (£w¬EémrH) bdu©KH ½lyd,-okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? oHaCm (£w¬EémrH) bdu©KH ½lyd,-okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? oHaCm (£w¬EémrH) bdu©KH ½lyd,-okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? oHaCm (£w¬EémrH) bdu©KH ½lyd,-okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? oHaCm (£w¬EémrH) bdu©KH ½lyd,-q×uH or®Eéwd? ,óm,o®awm crwd (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaemq×uH or®Eéwd? ,óm,o®awm crwd (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaemq×uH or®Eéwd? ,óm,o®awm crwd (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaemq×uH or®Eéwd? ,óm,o®awm crwd (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaemq×uH or®Eéwd? ,óm,o®awm crwd (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaem½lyd,q×uó or®Kwd? aom wkPSó ,ó eu©rwd aom½lyd,q×uó or®Kwd? aom wkPSó ,ó eu©rwd aom½lyd,q×uó or®Kwd? aom wkPSó ,ó eu©rwd aom½lyd,q×uó or®Kwd? aom wkPSó ,ó eu©rwd aom½lyd,q×uó or®Kwd? aom wkPSó ,ó eu©rwd aombmao,s/bmao,s/bmao,s/bmao,s/bmao,s/

or®awm oHaCe (£w¬Eémarm) bdu©K ½lyd,q×aum crwdor®awm oHaCe (£w¬Eémarm) bdu©K ½lyd,q×aum crwdor®awm oHaCe (£w¬Eémarm) bdu©K ½lyd,q×aum crwdor®awm oHaCe (£w¬Eémarm) bdu©K ½lyd,q×aum crwdor®awm oHaCe (£w¬Eémarm) bdu©K ½lyd,q×aum crwdoHCó wo®m wkPSD {0arwH "m&,mrd/ oHCó wo®m wkPSD {0arwH "m&,mrd/ oHCó wo®m wkPSD {0arwH "m&,mrd/ oHCó wo®m wkPSD {0arwH "m&,mrd/ oHCó wo®m wkPSD {0arwH "m&,mrd/ (yg&mZduPfygVd?346)

or®Kwd&NyD;aom (0g) orkwfNyD;aom &[ef;onf pGefYxm;aoma&TaiGudk awmcsKHMum;odkYjzpfapç a&tdkifodkYjzpfap oGm;í usrnfhae&medrdwftrSwftom;udk rjyKbJ usvdk&m usap[k pGefYypf&rnf/ tu,fíxdk&[ef;onf a&TaiGudk trSwftom;jyKí usaptHh (pGefYypftHh) 'kuú#f-tmywf oifh\/

a&TaiG tvSLcHrdaom &[ef; owdxm;&efa&TaiG tvSLcHrdaom &[ef; owdxm;&efa&TaiG tvSLcHrdaom &[ef; owdxm;&efa&TaiG tvSLcHrdaom &[ef; owdxm;&efa&TaiG tvSLcHrdaom &[ef; owdxm;&ef

xdkpGefYNyD;aom a&TaiGrS uyÜd,wdkYu uyÜd0,f,lay;aom ypönf;rsm;-um; roHk;pJGaumif; rtyfawmhacs/ oHCmrS a0pk&aom ypönf;udk&[ef;ç omraPç uyÜd,wdkYu wpfqifhay;aomfvnf; xdkypönf;wdkYudkroHk;pJGaumif;? xdkpGefYNyD; a&TaiGjzifh opfyifrsKd;aphudk 'g,umwdkY0,fípdkufxm;aom opfyifüaomfrQ xdka&TaiGudk tvSSLcHrdaom &[ef;rSmt&dyf rcdkaumif;? xdkaiGjzifh 0,f,lxm;tyfaom qDrD;a&mifç vQyfppfrD;-


a&mifü pmaomfrQ rMunfh½I rydkYcsaumif;awmhacs/(ygwdarmufbmom#Dum)

½lyd,oHa0g[m&odu©myk'fvm pGefYenf;

a&TaiGjzifh 0,f,l vJvS,frdaom ouFef;paom edó*¾d,ypönf;-rsm;ukd tvSLcH,lrdaom a&TaiGuJhodkY *dkPf;ç yk*d¾KvfwdkYxH rpGefY&? rpGefY-aumif;? oHCmh tv,füom pGefY&onf[k owdjyKygav/

ygVdvdk pGefYyHk - ]]t[H baEÅ emeyÜum&uH ½lyd,oHa0g[m&H]]t[H baEÅ emeyÜum&uH ½lyd,oHa0g[m&H]]t[H baEÅ emeyÜum&uH ½lyd,oHa0g[m&H]]t[H baEÅ emeyÜum&uH ½lyd,oHa0g[m&H]]t[H baEÅ emeyÜum&uH ½lyd,oHa0g[m&HormyZÆð? £'H edó*¾d,H? £rm[H oHCó edóZÆmrd}}/ormyZÆð? £'H edó*¾d,H? £rm[H oHCó edóZÆmrd}}/ormyZÆð? £'H edó*¾d,H? £rm[H oHCó edóZÆmrd}}/ormyZÆð? £'H edó*¾d,H? £rm[H oHCó edóZÆmrd}}/ormyZÆð? £'H edó*¾d,H? £rm[H oHCó edóZÆmrd}}/

jrefrmvkd pGefYykH - ]]t&Sifbk&m; wynfhawmfonf a&TaiGjzifh 0,f,lvJvS,frdaom (ouFef;) edó*¾dxkdufaeygonf/ þ (ouFef;)ukd oHCm-tm; wynfhawmf pGefYyg\}}[k qkdí pGefY&rnf/ þokdY pGefYí ½lyd,odu©m-yk'fü pDpOfonfhtwkdif; pDpOf&rnf/

a&TaiGjzifh 0,f,lxm;aom ouFef;ç pmtkyf ponfwkdYukd pGefY&mü-vnf; tNyD;tjywf pGefY&rnfjzpfonfrSm xif&Sm;ygonf/ edó*dxkduf-Ekdifaom ypönf;wkdYwGif ausmif;ESifh ausmif;&majr? rdrdcEmukd,fü taowyfqifxm;aom a&ToGm;ç aiGoGm;ç rsufMunfrSefç aiG½kd;ç ponfrsm;jyKjyifwyfqifvkdaomtcg tyfpyfatmif wpfzef jyKjyifjcif;iSm cJ,Of;-vS\/ xkdYaMumifh tpGefY& tjyif& cufcJaom 0w¬Kypönf;rsm;ukd edó*¾drxkdufap&ef txl; apmifha&SmufawmfrlMuygukef/

ywåpwkuú(yg&mZduPf?|?277-228/)

þae&m0,f a&TaiGjzifh vJvS,frdaom edó*¾d,ypönf;\ tjypfBuD;av;ykHukd em;vnfzkdY&ef 0denf;"kd&frsm;\ e,fü tvGefxif&Sm;aom]]ywåpwkuú}}]]ywåpwkuú}}]]ywåpwkuú}}]]ywåpwkuú}}]]ywåpwkuú}}ac: oydwfav;vkH; ykHpHtaMumif;ukd enf;,lMu&ef jyqkd-OD;tHh/


1/ &[ef;wpfyg;onf a&TaiGukd tvSLcH,lí ,if;a&TaiGjzifh oHrsKd;aphukd0,f,lum oydwfukd xkvkyfap\/ þoydwfum; r[mtuyÜd,-oydwf = tBuD;tus,f rtyfaom oydwfrnf\/

e ouúm auepd Oyga,e uyÜda,mumwHk/ (0d?|?2? 277)e ouúm auepd Oyga,e uyÜda,mumwHk/ (0d?|?2? 277)e ouúm auepd Oyga,e uyÜda,mumwHk/ (0d?|?2? 277)e ouúm auepd Oyga,e uyÜda,mumwHk/ (0d?|?2? 277)e ouúm auepd Oyga,e uyÜda,mumwHk/ (0d?|?2? 277)= rnfonfh taMumif;Oyg,fwpfrsOfjzihf &[ef;awmfwkd Ytm;

tyfpyfatmif jyKvkyfíum; r&Ekdif/ (0d?|?2? 277/)

tu,fí xkdoydwfukd zsufum cGufjyKvkyfvQifvnf; xkdcGufonf&[ef;awmfwkdYtm; rtyfonfomwnf;/ xkdoydwf yJcGyfjyKvkyfum xkdyJcGyfjzifh jzwftyfaom wHylonfvnf; &[ef;awmfwkdYtm; rtyfonfomwnf;/ ig;jr§m;csdyfjyKvkyfum xkdig;jr§m;csdyfjzifh ig;jr§m;cJhaomfxkdig;onfvnf; rtyfonfomwnf;/ ,if;yJcGyfukd rD;ylatmif zkwfía&xJokdY ypfcsum a&ukd ylatmif aEG;atmifç EGm;EkdUxJokdY ypfcsumEGm;EkdYukd ylatmif aEG;atmif jyKvkyfapcJhaomf ,if;EGm;EkdYonfvnf;rtyfonfomwnf;/ (0d?|?2? 277/)

«ausmif;ponfü opfç 0g;ç xkH;ç oJç ausmufponfwkdYonf ausmif;-rsKd;apY? ouFef;ü ydwfwkdç zsifpç csnfponfwkdYonf ouFef;rsKd;aph? qGrf;üqefç qDç qm;ç MuufoGef ponfwkdYonf qGrf;rsKd;aph? aq;ü odaE¨mçi½kwfaumif; ponfwkdYonf aq;rsKd;aph ponfjzifh odygav/»

2/ &[ef;wpfyg;onf a&TaiGukd tvSLcH,lum ,if;a&TaiGjzifh oydwfukd0,f,l\/ toifhjyKvkyfNyD; oydwfukd ukd,fwkdif 0,f,l\/ þoydwfonfvnf; &[ef;awmfwkdYtm; rtyfaom tuyÜd,oydwf-yifwnf;/

]]oDwif;oHk;azmfig;OD;vHk;wdkYtm;yif rtyfay}}[k r[mypö&dt|-uxmü rdefYqkdxm;\/ okdYaomf ,if;oydwfukd &[ef;awmfwkdYtm;tyfpyfaom oydwfjzpfatmif jyKvkyfEkdifao;\/ jyKvkyfyHkrSm oydwfukd


oydwf&Siftm; jyefay;í oydwf\ wefzkd; a&TaiGukd rlvykdif&Sif (tvSL&Sif)wkdYtm; jyefay;cJhaomf ,if;oydwfukd tyfatmif jyKvkyfEkdif\/ uyÜd,-wpfOD;tm; tyfpyfaom b@mwpfckckukd ay;um ,if;oydwfukd,laqmifum toHk;jyKjcif;iSmum; tyfygay\/

3/ &[ef;wpfyg;onf a&TaiGukd uyÜd,um&uwpfOD;OD;tm; tvSLcH,l-apum ,if;uyÜd,um&uESifhtwl oydwfxkvkyf&m yef;yJzkdokdYoGm;um oydwfukd jrifonfhtcg ]]þoydwfukd igESpfouf\}}[kuyÜd,tm; a&TaiGukday;um ,if;oydwfukd tvkd&SdaMumif; tod-ay;vkduf\/ þoydwfonf &[ef;wkdY tyfaom uyÜd,a0g[m&toHk;tEHI;jzihf 0,f,lapumrl 'kwd,oydwfESifhwlonfom jzpfay-onf/ taMumif;um; oydwf\ rlvwefzkd; a&TaiGukd tvSLcH,l-xm;aomaMumifh jzpf\/

tb,fhaMumifh rdrdrS <uif;aom oDwif;oHk;azmfwkdYtm; rtyfygoenf;[lrl ---

rlvu rtyfaomenf;jzifh tvSLcH,lxm;aom oydwf\wefzkd;a&TaiGukd rpGefUvTwfao;aomaMumifh jzpf\/ (0d?|?2?277/)

«rSwfcsuf --- þü rlvu uyÜd,vkyfoltm; rdrdtwGuf a&TaiGukdrtyfaomenf;jzifh tvSLcH,lxm;apaomaMumifh - rdrdukd,fpm; uyÜd,-uvnf; rtyfaomenf;jzifh vufcHxm;aomaMumifh ,if;a&TaiGrSm -Zmw½lyodu©myk'fü yg&Sdaom - ]]O*¾PSmay,s 0g}} - t& rtyfjcif;-jzpf\/

4/ &[ef;awmfwpfyg;um; a&TaiGukdum; tvSLrcH,lay/ okdYaomftvSL&SifwpfOD;OD;u ]]rax&fjrwftm; oydwfukd 0,f,lum vSL'gef;-ylaZmfvkdufyg}}[k ckdif;apvkdufaom uyÜd,um&uESifhtwl oydwfxk-onfh yef;yJorm;tdrfokdY oGm;um oydwfukd awGUonftcg ]]þ


tojymaiGwkdYukd ,lí þoydwfukd ay;yg}}[k tojymaiGwkdYukday;apí oydwfukd ,lvkduf\/ þoydwfum; xkd&[ef;tm;omvQifrtyfay? tpDtrH rwwfaomaMumifh (aiGukd 0ifa&mufpDrHaom-aMumifh) jzpf\/ tjcm; oDwif;oHk;azmfwkdYtm;um; tyfygao;\/rlvwefzkd;jzpfonfh a&TaiGukd rcH,lxm;aomaMumihf jzpf\/

(0d?|?2? 278/)

þoydwf (4)vkH;wkdYwGif yxroydwftrsKd;tpm; pm&if;0if edó*¾d-xkdufaom ypönf;wkdYum; ---

e ouúm auepd Oyga,e uyÜda,m umwHk/ e ouúm auepd Oyga,e uyÜda,m umwHk/ e ouúm auepd Oyga,e uyÜda,m umwHk/ e ouúm auepd Oyga,e uyÜda,m umwHk/ e ouúm auepd Oyga,e uyÜda,m umwHk/ (0d?|?2? 277/)

rnfonhf taMumif;Oyg,fwHrsOfjzifh &[ef;awmfwkdYtm; tyfpyf-atmif jyKvkyfíum; r&Ekdif - [k zGifhqkdxm;aomaMumifh oHCmhtv,füpGefYjcif;paom taMumif;y&d,m,fwkdYjzifhvnf; tyfpyfatmifum;jyKvkyfí r&Ekdif - [k rSwfom;ygav/ oHCmhtv,fü pGefYjcif;paomtaMumif;Oyg,fjzifhvnf; ajz&Sif;í r&Ekdifaom oydwfwnf;/ <uif;-ypönf;wkdYüvnf; enf;wloabmaygufyg/

tu,fí &[ef;awmfu a&TaiGukd tvSLrcH,lbJ ]]rax&fjrwftm;oydwf0,f,l vSL'gef;vkdufyg}}[k tvSL&Sifu ckdif;apaom uyÜd,um&uESifhtwl oydwfxk&m yef;yJorm;tdrfokdY oGm;um oydwfukd awGYjrif-onfhtcg ]]þoydwfukd igESpfouf\[kvnf;aumif;ç þoydwfukd ig,laythH}}[kvnf;aumif; uyÜd,um&utm; ajymjy\/ uyÜd,um&u-uvnf; yef;yJorm;tm; a&TaiGukd ay;um xkdoydwfukd ,lrnfh-taMumif; today;vkduf\/ þoydwfukd tvHk;pHktyfaom bk&m;-&SifwkdYtm;aomfvnf; oHk;aqmifxkdufaom oydwfwnf;/(0d?|?2? 278/)

þü oydwfukd ykHpHjyKí qkdxm;aomfvnf; wjcm;ouFef;ç qGrf;çausmif;okH;ypönf;rsm;üvnf; enf;wloabmaygufyg/


uyÜd,ESifhtwl aps;oGm;&mü owdxm;zG,f

uydÜ,ESifhtwl aps;0,foGm;aom &[ef;onf 0denf;awmfESifh udkufnDapjcif;iSm xdk&[ef;onf aps;onftm; ]udkifMunfhyg&ap}[k cGifhyefírdrd ESpfouf&moydwfudk a&G;cs,ftyf\? a&G;cs,fEkdif\? ]]þ oydwfudkESpfouf\}}[lívnf;aumif;? ]]þoydwfudk ,lvdk\}}[lívnf;aumif;uyÜd,tm; ajym&m\/ uydÜ,u olUbmom aps;qpf0,f í &[ef;tm;oydwfudk vSLtHh? xdkoydwf tyfpyf\/

txufygtwdkif; &[ef;u ajymaomfvnf; uydÜ,u em;rvnfíoydwf\ wefzdk;udk ray;bJaeaomf ]oydwfwefzdk;ukd ar;í odvdkufyg}[k ajymqdk&m\/ aps;qdkifodkY ra&mufrDaomfvnf; aps;qpfzkdY BudKwifoifMum; ajymxm;&m\/ ]oydwf\ wefzdk;udk odvdkuf}[k þrQomajymqdkEkdif\/ þodkY ajymqdkí oydwfudk,lvQif ]'kAÁdpm&P} (= raumif;-aom pDrHjcif;)rS uif;vGwf\/ &[ef;ukd,fwdkif aps;qpfjcif; 0,fjcif;rsm;-udk usrf;*efwdkYü ]]'kAÁdpm&P}}[k qdk\/

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bk&m;&Sifvufxuf 0w¬Kom"u

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a&TaiGukdum; rnfonfhy&d,m,fESifhrQ om,maumif; (cH,laumif;)\[k cGifhrjyKEkdifaMumif; rdefYawmfrlavonf/

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avQmufxm;&mü owdjyK&ef

a&TaiGudk vSLvmvQif tvSLrcH y,fvSef&rnfom? vkHjcHK&m t&yf-udkvnf; ñTefjycGifh r&Sd? uydÜ,vnf; rñTef;aumif;? tvSLvnf; rcH-,lapaumif;? tvSL&Sif\ avQmufxm;yHk ta&;BuD;vS\/ ]]þa&TaiGrSjzpfay:vmaom &[ef;wkdYESifh tyfpyfaomypönf;wkdYukd vSLvkdyg\uyÜd,ukd ñTefjyawmfrlyg}}[k avQmufxm;vmrSomvQif &mZodu©myk'frSmñTefjyonfhtwdkif; uyÜd,ukd ñTefjyEdkifonf/ tu,fí tvSL&SifuolUbmom uyÜd,ac:vmí olYuyÜd,jzifh vSL'gef;vkdygu ]]wynfh-]]wynfh-]]wynfh-]]wynfh-]]wynfh-awmf\ uyÜd,rnfolxHü rnfrQwef tyfpyfaom ypönf;ukd tyfESH-awmf\ uyÜd,rnfolxHü rnfrQwef tyfpyfaom ypönf;ukd tyfESH-awmf\ uyÜd,rnfolxHü rnfrQwef tyfpyfaom ypönf;ukd tyfESH-awmf\ uyÜd,rnfolxHü rnfrQwef tyfpyfaom ypönf;ukd tyfESH-awmf\ uyÜd,rnfolxHü rnfrQwef tyfpyfaom ypönf;ukd tyfESH-xm;ygonf? t&Sifbk&m; tvkd&Sdaomtcg &[ef;awmfwkdYESifh tyfpyf-xm;ygonf? t&Sifbk&m; tvkd&Sdaomtcg &[ef;awmfwkdYESifh tyfpyf-xm;ygonf? t&Sifbk&m; tvkd&Sdaomtcg &[ef;awmfwkdYESifh tyfpyf-xm;ygonf? t&Sifbk&m; tvkd&Sdaomtcg &[ef;awmfwkdYESifh tyfpyf-xm;ygonf? t&Sifbk&m; tvkd&Sdaomtcg &[ef;awmfwkdYESifh tyfpyf-aom ypönf;ukd tvSLcHawmfrlyg}}aom ypönf;ukd tvSLcHawmfrlyg}}aom ypönf;ukd tvSLcHawmfrlyg}}aom ypönf;ukd tvSLcHawmfrlyg}}aom ypönf;ukd tvSLcHawmfrlyg}}[k avQmufxm;&rnf? þodkYavQmuf-xm;vQif ar@uodu©myk'ftwdkif; tvkd&Sdaom ypönf;udk tvSLcHEdkifNyD/


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uyÜd,wpfusdyf

a&Tç aiGç '*Fg;ç ykdufqHç aiGpuúL paom edó*¾d,0w¬Krsm;? jr&wemçykkvJç pyg;paom 'kuú#0w¬KwkdYudk rdrdç *kdPf;ç oHCmç yk*¾dKvfç apwDwkkdY-


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uyÜd,H = tyfpyfonfukd/ ua&mwd = jyKwwf\/ £wd = xkdY-aMumifh/ uyÜd,um&aum = uyÜd,um&urnf\/ ]um&u}ukd jzKwfí]uyÜd,}[k ac:Mu\/ a&Tç aiGukd tyfpyfypönf;jzpfatmif zvS,fjcif;çuyÜdoifhaom opfoD;opf&GufwkdYukd uyÜdjcif;ç pm;zG,frsm;ukd ESpfawmifh-xGmtwGif; a&mufatmifjyKí uyfjcif;ponfjzifh uyÜd,aumif; jzpf-atmif avhusifh oifxm;oifhonf/

xkduyÜd,onf &[ef;ñTefuyÜd, av;a,muf? wrefñTefuyÜd,-av;a,muf? rnfolrQ rñTeftyf uydÜ,bmom uyÜd,vkyfaom ted'd|uyÜd,ESpfa,muftm;jzifh uyÜd, wpfusdyf&SSdonfudk rSwfom;oifhonf/

&[ef;ñTef uyÜd,av;a,muf&[ef;ñTef uyÜd,av;a,muf&[ef;ñTef uyÜd,av;a,muf&[ef;ñTef uyÜd,av;a,muf&[ef;ñTef uyÜd,av;a,muf

1/ rsufarSmuf teD;tyg;ü &[ef;u ñTefjyaom uydÜ,wpfa,muf?

2/ vSLvmolu &[ef;ñTefjyaom uydÜ,xH tyfESHajymjyNyD;aemuf&[ef;xH jyefí uydÜ,emrnfudk azmfjyvsuf rnfolUxH tvSLaiGrnfrQ tyfcJhygonf? t&Sifbk&m; tvdk&Sdaomtcg tyfpyfaomypönf;tvSLcHawmfrlyg[k avQmufxm;tyfaom uyÜd,wpfa,muf?

3/ &[ef;ñTef uyÜd,xH tyfESHajymqdkNyD;aemuf vSLvmoludk,fwdkif jyefíravQmufxm;Ekdifojzifh tjcm;wpfa,mufa,mufudk apvTwfíxdkenf;twdkif; avQmufxm;cdkif;aom uyÜd,wpfa,muf?

4/ vmvSLolonf &[ef;ñTefjyaom uyÜd,&Sd&modkY oGm;cgeD; (roGm;-cif)uyif t&Sifbk&m; ñTefjytyfaom uyÜd,xH ouFef;zdk; tyfESH-cJhygrnf? tvdk&Sdaomtcg awmif;awmfrlyg[k rSmxm;í oGm;jcif;jzifh


ñTefjytyfaom uyÜd,wpfa,muf? aygif;-&[ef;ñTefuyÜd, av;-a,mufwnf;/

xdkav;a,mufwdkYwGif rsufarSmufñTefjyolxH tvSL&Sifu (odkkYr-[kwf) wrefu aiGudk &[ef;\ a&SUrSmyif tyfESHí ]]ouFef; 0,fvSL-&pfyg}}[k ajymqkd rSmxm;oGm;vQif &[ef;tm; txl; xyfrHravQmufxm;aomfvnf; rdrda&SUrSmyif rdrdñTefjyol uyÜd,xH tyfESHí ouFef;vSL&pfyg[k rSmoGm;aomaMumifh &mZodu©myk'fvmonfhtwdkif; uyÜd,xHawmif;rIç &yfrI jyKEkdkifNyD/

rsufuG,f ñTefjytyfol oHk;a,muf [l&m0,f &[ef;u ta0;odkYvSrf;í ñTefjyrIaMumifh okH;a,mufjym;onf r[kwf? avQmufxm;ykH oHk;rsKd;uGJjym;aomaMumifh ta0;ñTef; uyÜd,oHk;a,muf jym;&onf/

wrefñTef uyÜd,av;a,muf

&[ef;u uyÜd,rñTefMum;vQif wrefudk,fwdkif (tvSL&Sifudk,fwdkif)uyÜd,vkyfrnfholudk &SmazGac:,lvmí -

1/ &[ef;a&SUrSm tvSLaiGtyfESH ajymqdkjcif;?

2/ ta0;&Sdaeaom uyÜd,xH tvSLaiGtyfESHí rnfonfhuyÜd,xH&[ef;wkdYESifh tyfpyfaomypönf; tvSLcHawmfrlyg[k avQmufxm;jcif;?

3/ udk,fwdkifrvmEkdifí wjcm;ol apvTwfí avQmufxm;apjcif;?

4/ oGm;cgeD;uyif rnfonfhuyÜd,xH aiG rnfrQ tyfcJhygrnf? t&Sif-bk&m;tvdk&S daom ouFef;paom tyfpyfypönf; tvSLcHyg[kavQmufxm;oGm;jcif;[k av;rsKd; jym;\/

avQmufxm;ykH pum;rsm;rSm &[ef;ñTefuyÜd,xH tyfESH&müavQmufxm;onfhtwdkif;yifwnf;/


&[ef;a&m wrefyg rñTeftyfol ted'd|ESpfa,muf

wrefjzpfapç tvSL&Sifujzpfap ]]uyÜd,&Sdygovm;}}[k avQmuf-xm;aomtcg &[ef;u uyÜd,rñTefjybJaevQif odkYr[kwf &[ef;urñTefjy&ao;rD -

1/ teD;tyg; rsufarSmuf&dSol vlwpfa,mufu uRefawmfhxH tyfcJhyg?]]uRefawmf0,fNyD; tyfpyfypönf; (ouFef;ponf) vSLvdkufygrnf}}[kajymavaomf xdkoltxHüyif tyfESHí jyefoGm;\/ (wrefu uyÜd,-udk vSL&pfyg[k rrSm? &[ef;udkvnf; xdkuyÜd,xH ]]awmif;&pfyg?tvSLcHyg}}[k ravQmufxm;/)

2/ wrefu (tvSL&Sifu) &[ef;\ uG,f&mrSmyif oifhawmfol vlwpf-a,mufxH tyfESHí ]]ouFef; vSL&pfyg}}[k rSmxm;oGm;\/ odkYaomf&[ef;udkum; bmrQ todray; ravQmufxm;cJhacs/ þodkYvQifrñTefjytyfol uyÜd,ESpfa,muf &Sdjyefonf/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) xdk uyÜd,ESpfa,mufwdkYwGif yxrvludk rkca00#durkca00#durkca00#durkca00#durkca00#du (=====olUEIwfjzifh xkwfazmfajymqdkí uyÜd,vkyfol)[k ac:\/'kwd,vludk y&r®Kcted|y&r®Kcted|y&r®Kcted|y&r®Kcted|y&r®Kcted| (===== rsufuG,fü rñTeftyfaomuyÜd,)[k ac:onf/

uyÜd,okH;rsKd;ESifh odu©myk'ftvdkuf usifh&ykH

xkduyÜd, wpfusdyfwkdYwGif &[ef;ñTefjyaom uyÜd,av;a,muf-wdkY\ txHü &mZodu©myk'frSm vmonfhtwdkif; okH;Budrfawmif; ajcmuf-Budrf&yfrI jyK&rnf/ wrefñTefuyÜd, av;a,mufwdkY\txHü aboZÆ-cEuvm cGifhjyKawmfrlaom ar@uodu©myk'ftwdkif; tBudrf&maxmif-ru r&rcsif; awmif;Ekdifonf/ rnfolrQ rñTefjytyfaom ted'd´|-uyÜd,ESpfa,mufwdkY\ txHü tnmwu aqGrsKd;rawmfol ty0g&dwrzdwfxm;oltwdkif; usifh&rnf/ awmif;jcif;ç &yfjcif;ç tvSLcHjcif;


wpfBudrfaomfrQ rjyKaumif;onfudk owd&SdMu&ef jzpfonf/ xdk ted'd|-uyÜd,tm; aqGrsKd;awmfol zdwfxm;ol odkYr[kwf ,ckrS zdwfol jzpfvQif-um; xdkaiGESifhwefoavmuf tyfpyfypönf; awmif;aumif;\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) &[ef;ñTefjy? av;a,mufrQ? 'lwñTef; av;jzm/ted'´d|? 'k0d"? aygif;x wpfusdyfom/wpfOD;rsufarSmuf? uG,foHk;a,muf? ñTef;ajrmuf &[ef;rSm/a&SUtyfjyefMum;? apíMum;? rSmxm;oGm;onfom/wrefñTefvnf;? av;yg;wnf;? þenf; ,lavyg/a&SUtyfrMum;? uG,ftyfoGm;? ESpfyg; rñTef&m/&mZç ar@? tnmw? usifh& pOfwdkif;om/

ar@u odu©myk'f

ar@uolaX;udk taMumif;jyKí r[m0g aboZÆcE¨uü cGifhjyK-awmfrltyfaom odu©myk'fudk ar@uodu©myk'f[k ac:onf/ xdküaemufqHk; cGifhjyKcsufrSm o'¨gw&m;&SdolwdkYu ]]þaiGjzifh tyfpyfaomypönf;ukd bkef;BuD;tm; vSLyg\}}[k rSmxm;í uyÜd,xH aiGukd tyfESH-xm;wwfMuonf/ xkdokdY tyfESHxm;Mu&mü xkdaiGrS tyfpyfaom ypönf;-ukd om,maumif; (awmif;,laumif;\/) ]]a&TaiGukdkum; rnfonfhenf;y&d,m,fESifhrQ rom,maumif;? rcH,laumif;}}[k rdefYawmfrlonf/

þar@uodu©myk'fvm a&TaiGtyfESHxm;&m uyÜd,wkdYrSm &[ef;uñTefjytyfolrsm; r[kwfMu/ wrefukd,fwkdif tvSL&Sifukd,fwkdif ñTefjy-tyfaom uyÜd,wkddYwnf;/ okdYjzpfí apckdif;tyfol uyÜd,u &[ef;\rsufuG,frSmjzpfvQif tvSL&Sifu &[ef;ukd wpfenf;enf;jzifh uyÜd,rnfolUxHü tyfpyfaom ypönf;ukd awmif;yg[k avQmufxm;&OD;rnf/þokdY avQmufxm;vQif tBudrf &mçaxmifru r&rcsif; awmif;Ekdif-onf/ (ygwdarmufbmom#Dum?164/)


ausmif;om;çuyÜd,rsm;ukd BudKwif oifMum;xm;oifhykH

0denf;vrf;aMumif;ukd BudKwifí oifjyxm;aumif;onf tm;-avsmfpGm ,ckacwfü 0denf;*½kjyKaom ausmif;rsm;0,f avQmufwwfajymqkdwwfatmif oifjyxm;aom ausmif;om;uyÜd,rsm; &SdwwfMu-onf/ xkddausmif;om; uyÜd,rsm;um; a&TaiGvmvSLí q&morm;ua&TaiGukd tvSLrcH y,fvSefaomfvnf;aumif;? tvSL&Sif'umu a&TaiGtvSLrcHrSef; em;vnfNyD;jzpfí uyÜd,xH tyfESHNyD;aomfvnf;aumif;vSL'gef;wwfMu\/

xkdtcg uyÜd,u bk&m;wynfhawmfxH rnfrQwefaom tyfpyf-aom ypönf;ukd awmif;awmfrlyg? vkHjcHK&m t&yfukdvnf; ñTefjyawmfrl-yg[k avQmufxm;Muonf/ xkdokdY avQmufxm;vQif tvSL&Sif'umutxl;avQmufonfjzpfap? ravQmufonfjzpfap y0g&dw (zdwfrefol)uyÜd, jzpfawmh&um; xkdaiGESifh wefoavmuf tvkd&Sd&m tyfpyfaomypönf;ukd uyÜd,xH awmif;aumif;\/ aiGudkvnf; ]]rnfonfhae&müvHkjcHK\}}[k ajymjyaumif;\/ ]]rnfonfhae&mü odrf;xm;vkduf}}[kum;rajymaumif;onfukd owdjyKyg/

a&TçaiGpaom edó*¾d,0w¬Kç jrç &wemç ,majrç pyg;paom 'kuú#0w¬Krsm; tyfpyfatmif vSLMu&mü &[ef;wkdYu tvSLrcHaumif;aom-aMumifh &[ef;awmfrsm;ç tvSL&Sifç 'umç ausmif;om;ç uyÜd,wkdYonfrdrdwkdY\ wm0eftoD;toD; od&Sdí omoemjyKMu&ef vkd\/

&[ef;awmfwkdY\ wm0ef

&[ef;awmfrsm;onf a&Tç aiGç '*Fg;ç ykdufqHç aiGpuúLç jrç &wemçykvJç jcHajrç pyg;ponf vSL'gef;vmygu tvSLrcH[k y,fvSef&rnf/ukd,fwkdifvnf; tvSLrcH,laumif; uyÜd,wkdYukdvnf; wpfqifhtvSLcH,l&ef rckdif;paumif;acs/ ]]xkda&TaiG ponfrS jzpfay:vmaom tyfpyfaom


ypönf; vSL'gef;vkdygonf}} [k qkdrS uyÜd,um&u ñTefMum;EkdifcGifh &Sd\/uyÜd,wkdYuvnf; vufcH,lxm;NyD; tyfpyfaom ypönf;jzpfatmif zvS,fNyD;rSom &[ef;awmfrsm;onf tyfpyfaomypönf;ukd tvSLcHEkdifavonf/

tvSL&Sifwm0ef

tvSL&Sifonf (odkYr[kwf) tvSL&Sifu apckdif;vkdufol wrefonfa&TaiGponhf trnfukd azmfí ]]t&Sifbk&m;tm; vSLyg\? uyÜd,ukdñTefjyyg}}[k ravQmufxm;aumif;yg/ ]]a&TaiG ponfrS (aiGwpfaxmifusyfrS) jzpfay:vmaom &[ef;wkdYESifh tyfpyfaom ypönf;ukd vSL'gef;-vkdyg\? uyÜd,ñTefMum;awmfrlyg}}[kvnf;aumif;ç uyÜd,ukd ukd,fwkdif&SmazG ac:aqmifvmNyD; uyÜd,xH tyfESHí ]]tyfpyfypönf;ukd vSLyg\}}[kqkdívnf;aumif; avQmufxm;oifhonf/ oHCmtm;ç ausmif;tm;çapwDtm;ç e0ur® (trIopf)tm; vSL'gef;&müvnf; ]]tyfpyfaomypönf; vSLvkdyg\? uyÜd, ñTefMum;awmfrlyg}}[k avQmufrS uyÜd,ñTefMum;ay;&rnf jzpfonf/ uyÜd,ukd ac:vmNyD; vSL'gef;jcif;u ykdíaumif;rGefonf/

ausmif;om;ç uyÜd,wkdY\ wm0ef

uyÜd,ausmif;om;onf a&TaiGponfukd vufcH,lxm;NyD; bmrQravQmufxm;bJ aeyguç tvSL&Sifuvnf; &[ef;ukd ]]tvkd&Sdaom-tcg tyfpyfypönf; tvSLcHyg}}[k ravQmufxm;u uyÜd,xH &[ef;urawmif;aumif;acs/ xkdYaMumifh &[ef;wkdYtm; uyÜd,u ]]rnfonfhNrdKU&GmrS tvSL&SifwkdYonf vSL'gef;aom aiG (1000)usyfrS jzpfay:vm-aom tyfpyfaom ypönf;ukd tvkd&Sdaomtcg bk&m;wynfhawmfxHtvSLcHawmfrlyg}}[k avQmufxm;rS awmif;aumif;onf/ ]]vkHjcHK&mt&yfukd ñTefjyyg}}[k avQmufxm;rS vkHjcHK&m t&yfukd &[ef;u ñTefjy-EkdifcGifh &Sdonf/


*kdPf;ç oHCmç yk*¾dKvfukd rokH;oyfbJ vSL

]]apwd,ó a'r? e0ur®ó a'r? 0d[m&ó a'r?}} ]]apwd,ó a'r? e0ur®ó a'r? 0d[m&ó a'r?}} ]]apwd,ó a'r? e0ur®ó a'r? 0d[m&ó a'r?}} ]]apwd,ó a'r? e0ur®ó a'r? 0d[m&ó a'r?}} ]]apwd,ó a'r? e0ur®ó a'r? 0d[m&ó a'r?}} apwDawmf-tm; vSLyg\? e0ur®tm; vSLyg\? ausmif;tm; vSLyg\? þodkYqkdía&TaiGukd vSLvmvQifvnf;aumif;? uyÜd,ukd tvSL&Sifukd,fwkdif ac:-vmí ]]þa&TaiGrS jzpfay:vmaom tyfpyfaom ypönf;ukd tvSLcHyg}}[kqkdí vSLvQifvnf;aumif; uyÜd,ñTefMum;Ekdifonf/ tyfpyfatmifvSLygvQif a&Tausmif;BuD;ukd aqmufí vSLcGifhjyKonf[k ck'´odu©m(271)*gxmwGif qkdygonf/

]]*kdPf;ç oHCmç yk*¾dKvf rokH;oyfbJ}}]]*kdPf;ç oHCmç yk*¾dKvf rokH;oyfbJ}}]]*kdPf;ç oHCmç yk*¾dKvf rokH;oyfbJ}}]]*kdPf;ç oHCmç yk*¾dKvf rokH;oyfbJ}}]]*kdPf;ç oHCmç yk*¾dKvf rokH;oyfbJ}}[laom pum;ukd txl;owd-jyKyg/ ]]rnfonfh*kdPf;ç rnfonfhausmif;wkduf oHCmtm;ç OK;wdótm;çt&Sifbk&m;tm; a&TaiGukd vSLyg\}}[k qkdí vSLvQif tvSLrcHaumif;?uyÜd,vnf; rñTefMum;aumif; vkHjcHK&mü xm;vkdufyg[kvnf; rajymaumif;ay/

a&pufcs&mü owdxm;&ef

]]£rmed tuyÜd,temrmo0w¬Led uyÜd,um&umeH [aw¬]]£rmed tuyÜd,temrmo0w¬Led uyÜd,um&umeH [aw¬]]£rmed tuyÜd,temrmo0w¬Led uyÜd,um&umeH [aw¬]]£rmed tuyÜd,temrmo0w¬Led uyÜd,um&umeH [aw¬]]£rmed tuyÜd,temrmo0w¬Led uyÜd,um&umeH [aw¬ed,smawwGm e0ur®ó a'r ed,smawwGm e0ur®ó a'r ed,smawwGm e0ur®ó a'r ed,smawwGm e0ur®ó a'r ed,smawwGm e0ur®ó a'r = þ tuyÜd, temrmo0w¬KwkdYukduyÜd,um&uwkdY\ vufü tyfESif;í trIopftm; vSLyg\}}[k qkkdía&pufcsrS tm;vkH;aom q&mrsm; oabmusonf/ þokdY tvSL&Sifrsm;-u avQmufxm;wwfvQifvnf; tvGefaumif;ygonf/

u,0duú,odu©myk'f

oDwif;okH;azmf ig;a,mufwkdYukd MuOfxm;í tjcm;olwkdYESifh tyfpyf-aom ypönf;tcsif;csif;ukd rtyfaom enf;jzifh vJvS,fa&mif;0,fjcif;ukdjyK&mü &vQif u,0duú,edó*¾dygpdwf tmywfoifh\/ þodu©myk'ft&edó*¾dypönf;rsm;ukd *kdPf;ç oHCmç yk*¾dKvfwkdYtm; pGefYNyD;vQif jyefay;uokH;pGJaumif;\[k od/


t*Fg (3) yg; - 1/ uyÜd,0w¬Kjzpfjcif;? 2/ oDwif;okH;azmf r[kwfjcif;?3/ a&mif;rIç 0,frIokdY a&mufjcif;? (ta&mif;t0,fpum;ajymí vJvS,frItxajrmufjcif;[lvkd/)

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) uyÜd,[kç 0w¬Kjzpfjcif;1ç oDwif;okH;olç r[kwf vlESifh2ç a&mif;rI0,fvQif;ç xajrmufjcif;[k3ç aMumif;&if;okH;vDç t*FgnDç oifhNyDu,0duú,/

(rSwfcsuf) ,ckumv bkef;BuD;u ouFef;paom y&du©&mukd aiGjzifha&mif;&müum; uyÜd,0w¬Kcsif; r[kwfaomaMumifh þu,0duú,odu©myk'fESifh rqkdif? ½lyd,oHa0g[m& odu©m-yk'ft& tmywfoifhonf/ &[ef; omraPpaom oDwif;-okH;azmf tcsif;csif; vJvS,fjcif;ü tmywfroifh[k od/

rtyfaom vJenf;

aps;onfpaom vlwkdY\ txHü&Sdaom ypönf;ukd rdrdü&SdaomouFef;ç zdeyfponfjzifh vJvS,f,lvkdvQif rdrdukd,fwkdif ]]þouFef;jzifhxkdzdeyfukd ay;yg}}[k vnf;aumif;? ]]þouFef;udk ,lavmh? xdkoydwfudkay;avmh}}[kvnf; ajymqdkí rvJvS,faumif;? þodkY vJvS,faompum;rsKd;udk ajymqdkíum; vlUypönf;rSefvQif rdbypönf; wdkYudkyif rvJ-vS,faumif;? vJvS,fí,lvQif xdkypönf; edó*d¾xdkuf\/ rdbxHrS þypönf;udk ay;yg[k awmif;tHHh? 0dnwf rjzpf? awmif;aumif;onf/ rdbudkþypönf;,lawmh[k ay;tHh? o'ga',s0dedygw'kuú#f roifh? ay;aumif;-onf/ ÓwdrawmfolxHrS þypönf;ay;yg[k awmif;aomf 0dnwfjzpf-onf? edó*d¾xdkufonf/ rdrdu ypönf;ay;aomf o'ga',s0dedygw'kuú#foifhonf/ rdbç Ówdawmf rawmf cyfodrf;aom olwkdYESifh vHk;a&mif;-0,fjcif; vJvS,fjcif;jyKu þodu©myk'ft& edó*d¾ygpdwftmywfoifh-\[k rSwfyg/ rdbwdkYESifh ypönf;csif; vJvS,fzkdY MuHKvmvQif ypönf;ouf-oufukd t&iftvSLcHNyD;rS aemufrS rdrdypönf; ay;oifhonfudk owdjyKyg/


tyfaom vJvS,fenf;tyfaom vJvS,fenf;tyfaom vJvS,fenf;tyfaom vJvS,fenf;tyfaom vJvS,fenf;

&[ef;txHü &du©mqefç qyfjymç za,mif;wdkifxkyf ponf &SdtHh?xdk&[ef;onf c&D;tMum;ü xrif;ygvmoludk jrifí ]]ighrSm qef&Sdonfxdkqefponfukd tvdkr&Sd? qGrf;om tvdk&Sdonf}}[k qdktHh? xrif;yg-vmolu qefponfudk,lNyD; xrif;vSLtHh? tyf\/ 0dnwfrjzpf? edó*d¾rjzpf? o'¨ga',s0dedygw'kuú#fvnf; roifh? tzdk;tpm; ay;aomt&ma&mufjcif;aMumifh edrdwåur®aomfrSvnf; rjzpf? ]]igwdkYrSm þypönf;þypönf; awmh&Sdonf toHk;rvdk igwdkYtm; þypönf; þypönf;jzifhtvdk&Sdonf}} þodkY qdk&mü vJrIvS,frIç a&mif;rI0,frI rygí temywåd?tmywfroifh/

uydÜ,ausmif;om; &SdtHh? ]]uydÜ, igYrSm ouFef;&Sdonf þouFef;jzifhoydwfvkyfay;yg? zdeyfvkyfay;yg}}[k uydÜ,udk ajymaumif;onf/ uydÜ,r&Sdaomf qdkifodkY udk,fwdkifoGm;í qdkif&Sif\ om;ç orD;rsm;udk a&S;enf;-twdkif; vkyfay;&ef ajymaumif;onf/ qkdif&Sifudk,fwdkifudkum; rajym-aumif;/

tu,fí uydÜ, r&Sd? r&SmvdkvQif qdkif&Sifaps;onfxH oGm;í]]ighrSm þouFef; &Sdonf? ouFef;awmh toHk;rus? oydwfom vkdae-onf}}[k y&d,m,fjzifh ajym&m aps;onfu ouFef;udk,lí oydwfudkay;vdkufvQif xdkoydwf tyf\/ þjycJhaomenf;t& ,ckumvc0gonf ponfwdkYxHrS tyfaomypönf;jzifh vJ,lenf;udk owdjyKoifhMu-ayonf/

cdkif;ap&mü tyfç rtyfcdkif;ap&mü tyfç rtyfcdkif;ap&mü tyfç rtyfcdkif;ap&mü tyfç rtyfcdkif;ap&mü tyfç rtyf

pm;<uif;pm;a,mufsm;udk jrifaomf ]]þxrif;udk pm;NyD; qdk;&nf-acguf xif;wdkYudk aqmif,lcJh}}[k qdktHh? vJvS,f&m a&mufaomaMumifhqdk;&nfacgufç xif;ç a&wdkYtwGuf edó*d¾xdkuf\/ vuform;udk jrifí


þxrif;udk pm;NyD; þtrIudk jyKcJh[k xdkxdk vuform;trIudk jyKcdkif;tHh?edó*d¾? ukv'loetcef;ü tpm;tpm auR;vkdaomf wpfpHkwpfck ckdif;NyD;rSa0,sm0pövkyfoltm; auR;arG;&mü ukv'loetjypf rjzpf[k qdkxm;-aomfvnf;? wpfqufwnf;ckdif;vQif edó*d¾xdkufjyefonfudk owdjyKyg/þxrif;udk pm;í t0wfudk zGyfvkduf? ausmif;jyifjcif;ç acgif;&dwfjcif;ponfü ypönf;wpfpHkwpfck r&vQif tmywfudkom a'oemajymMum;&onf/ þxrif;udk pm;NyD;vQif tvkyfvkyfyg[k wpfqufwnf;rajymbJ þxrif;udk pm;avmh? þtvkyfudk vkyfavmh? þtpmudkpm;&vdrhfrnf? ponfjzifh pum;ESpf&yf cGJí ajymqdkapcdkif;vQif vJvS,f&mra&mufaomaMumifh tmywfroifh tyfpyfonf/ vlwdkYtm; rdrda0,sm-0pö trIBuD;i,f vkyfcdkif;olwdkY txl;owdjyKcdkif;&ef aumif;aom tcsuf-jzpfí owdjyKoifhonf/

&weodu©myk'f&weodu©myk'f&weodu©myk'f&weodu©myk'f&weodu©myk'f

a&Tç aiGç ykvJpaom &wem (10)yg;udk &wemü oGif;,lí &wemtwkrsm;ESifh 0wfpm;wefqmpaom vlwkdUtoHk;taqmif (apmifç tdyf&mvdyf) ponfudk &weor®wü oGif;,l&rnf/ xdk&wemç &weor®wtoHk;taqmifrsm;udk ausmif;wdkuftwGif; rdrd wnf;cdkaexdkif&mXmetwGif;rSwpfyg; tjcm;t&yfü vlwdkY arhae&pf usae&pfcJhaomf aumuf-,lí rodrf;xm;&? aumuf,lodrf;xm;vQif ok'ygpdwftmywf? tm&mrftwGif; rdrdaexkdif&mç wnf;cdk&mXmetwGif; jzpfrlum; udk,fwdkifjzpfap?olwpfyg;udk cdkif;íjzpfap aumuf,lodrf;xm;&ef 0wå&m;&Sd\/ xdk0wå&m;ysufjyefvQifum; 0wåab' (0wå&m; ysufuGufrIaMumifh) 'kuú#ftmywfoifhao;onf/

vlwdkY ususefae&pfcJh arhae&pfcJh&mü ]]Opöm&SifwdkY vm,lvdrfhrnf-[laom &nf&G,fcsufjzifh odrf;xm;cGifh &Sdonf/ vlwdkYu þa&TaiGudkodrf;xm;ay;yg[k cdkif;íjzpfap? udk,fudk,fwdkif b@mpdk;vkyfí jzpfap?


odrf;xm;vQif ok'¨ygpdwftmywf oifh\/

t*Fgav;yg; - 1/ cGifhrjyKtyfaom trIudkjyKjcif;? 2/ olwpfyg;Opömjzpfjcif;? 3/ 0dómo*¾g[ç yHokulvonm r&Sdjcif;? 4/ udk,fwdkifjzpfapç cdkif;í jzpfap odrf;xm;jcif; - t*Fgav;yg;wnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) cGifhrjyKtyf jyKvwfwpfwef1 2/ vloEÅu2 0dómorI? yHok-ulvm onmr&Sd3 ,lodrf;rdvQif;? odrf;apjcif;[k4 aMumif;&if;av;0? tifnDrQ? &we ygpdwfoifh/

edó*¾dodu©myk'frsm;ESifh pyfí tusOf;rSwf&ef

½lyd,odu©myk'fum; a&TaiGukd rdrdtwGuf cH,ljcif;? cH,lapjcif;?om,mjcif;aMumifh edó*¾d? ½lyd,oHa0g[m& odu©myk'fum; a&TaiGjzifhtjcm;ypönf;ukd 0,fjcif;? ckwfvkyfxm;aom ykwD;ç em;a#mif;paoma&TaiGukd jzpfap? a&TaiGjzifh oDwif;okH;azmfwkdY 0,fxm;tyfaom edó-*¾d, ypönf;ukdjzpfap? vJvS,f,ljcif;aMumifh edó*¾dtmywf oifhonf/u,0duú,odu©myk'fum; tyfpyfaom uyÜd,0w¬Krsm;ukd vl0wfaMumifponfwkdYESifh vJvS,fjcif;aMumifh edó*¾dygpdwftmywf oifhonf/ &mZ-odu©myk'fonf rtyfaom a&TaiGukd ouFef;zkd;tjzpf vSL'gef;&mwGifuyÜd,ñTefí tvSLcHenf;ukd jyonf/ ar@uodu©myk'fum; tvSL&SifwkdY-ukd,fwkdif uyÜd,ukd ac:vmí a&TaiGrSjzpfaom tyfpyfaomypönf;vSL&mü tvSLcHenf;udk jyonf/ &weodu©myk'fum; a&Tç aiGç ykvJpaom&wemrsm; ukdifaumif;&mXme rukdkifaumif;&mXme cGJjcm;jyonf/ þokdYtusOf;tm;jzifh rSwfom;xm;oifhonf/

wkdufwGef;rSmxm;csuf

þokdkYvQif a&TaiGypönf;rsm;? a&TaiGESifh 0,f,lí&aom ypönf;rsm;?ykwD;ç em;a#mif;rsm;? oydwfç ouFef; paom ypönf;rsm;? &wemrsm;?


edó*¾dxkdufvQif pGefY&rnfh taMumif;t&mrsm;? tyfpyfaom ypönf;-tjzpf tvSLcHykHrsm;? uyÜd,ñTefMum;ykHrsm;? edó*¾drxkdufatmif apckdif;-enf;rsm; ponfjzifh odoifhodxkdufaom tcsufrsm;ukd tusOf;tm;jzifhvufvSrf;rSDorQ &SmazGwifjytyfygonf/ tus,fukd odvkdrl qkdif&m-odu©myk'f ygVdawmfç jrefrmjyefç t|uxmç #DumwkdYü avhvmrSwfom;Muyg&ef wkdufwGef;tyfygonf/

edó*¾dypönf;wdkYESifh pyfí rSwf&ef

edó*¾dygpdwfESifh pyfí 0denf;uHjzifh pGefYNyD;aomtcg edó*¾djzpfaomxdkypönf;rsm;udk um,uH&SiftmywfusK;vGefolwdkY oHk;pJGcGifh &çr& ESifhpyfí odu©myk'ftvdkuf cJGjcm;rSwfom;oifhonf/

a½Tç aiGç '*Fg;ç ydkufqHç aiGpuúLç a&TaiGjzihf 0,f,lxm;aom ypönf;-rsm; edó*¾dxdkufí 0denf;uHjzifh pGefYNyD;aomfvnf; tmywfusL;vGefol(0g) tvSLcHol ydkif&Sif&[ef;onf vHk;0oHk;pJGcGifh r&? tNyD;tydkif pGefY&onf/

tjcm;enf; oHk;pJGcGifh&aom ypönf;rsm;

{Vuavmr0*fvm - (1) ydk;csnfjzifh a&maESmjyKaom tcif;?(2) trJa&mifoufouf odk;arG;tcif;? (3) tjzLç tndK ta&Tta&mif&dSodk;arG;ESifh trJa&mif ESpfqydkjyKaom tcif;? xdktcif; (3) rsKd;wdkY 0denf;-uHjzifh pGefYNyD; jyef&aomtcg cif;íxdkifjcif; tdyfjcif; rjyK&? wjcm;aomAdwmefç rsufESmMuufç uefYvefYumç bHkvQKdç acgif;tHk;ponf toHk;jyK-aumif;onf/ ODeyÍöAEeoydwfüvnf; ywåy&d,EÅ pGefYNyD;vQif t,kwf-qHk;oydwf (tnHhqkH;oydwf) ukdom oHk;pJGcGifh&onf/ (oydwfcef;ü Munfhyg?)

iJhuGufrIr&dS tNyD;tydkifpGefYNyD;u oHk;cGifh&ypönf;rsm;

axmywfç qDç wif;vJç ysm;&nfpaom aq;ypönf;rsm;onf (7)&ufvGefí 0denf;uHjzifh pGefYNyD; jyef&aomtcg pm;aomufjcif; rjyK&? (7)&uf


rvGefrD iJhuGufjcif; r&dS? tNyD;tydkif vlç omraPwdkYtm; pGefYNyD;í vlçomraPwdkYu aemifwpfcsdef jyefuyfjyefvQif pm;aomufjcif;? oHk;aqmif-jcif;iSmvnf; tyfonf[l\/ (ygwdarmu©ar'deD?215/)

wjcm;cJzG,fç abmZOfrsm;

,m0umvdujzpfaom wjcm;pm;aomufzG,f&m cJzG,fabmZOf-rsm;onf tuyfcHNyD;vQif rGef;rwnfhrDom pm;aomuf bkOf;ay;aumif;-onf/ rGef;vJGaomtcg bkOf;ay;vQif 0dumvabmZe ok'¨ygpdwf?udk,fwdkif odkrDS; odrf;qnf;xm;jyefvQif oEéd"dok'ygpdw?f ,mrumvdutazsmf&nfjzpfvQif t½kPfrwufrD aemufwpfaeYokdY ra&mufrD vlçomraPwdkYtm; tNyD;tydkif tmv,jywf pGefYay;vdkuf&onf/ aemuf-umvusrS omraPwdkYu jyifqifí uyfojzifh bkOf;ay;vQif tmywfroifh? xdkYaMumifh wjcm;umvduwdkYudkvnf; owfrSwfxm;aom tcsdefrvGefrD vlomraPwdkYtm; tNyD;tydkif pGefYvdkuf&onf/ vlomraP-wdkYu tvdkufodí jyefuyfvQif pm;aomuf bkOf;ay;aumif;onf[kodyg/ (]tmv,jywfpGefY}[lonf ]ightm; jyefí uyfygu aumif;-avpG}[k iJhuGufwG,fwmaeaom pdwfxm;rsKd; vkH;vkH; r&Sdjcif;wnf;?iJhuGufwG,fwmrI &Sdaeao;aom pdwfxm;jzifh pGefYygu vl omraPwkdYjyefí uyfaomfvnf; rokH;aqmiftyfay/)

aboZÆodu©myk'fESifh pyfí rSwfzG,frsm;

axmywfç qDOD;ç qDç ysm;&nfç wifvJ þaq;ig;rsKd;wdkYudk tuyf-cHNyD;aemuf (7)&uftxdom odrf;qnf;í aq;tjzpfjzifh pm;aomuf-Ekdif\/ (7)&ufvGefvQifum; xdkaxmywfponfwdkY edó*¾dxdkuf\/&[ef;rSm ygpdwftmywf oifh\/ xdkoifhaom tmywfudk a'oemMum;ukpm;vdkvQif xdkaxmywfponfudk a&S;OD;pGm pGefYNyD;rS a'oemMum;&onf/ rpGefYbJ a'oemMum;vQif xdktmywfrS rvGwfEdkif/


xdkaxmywfponfudk tuyfcHonfhtcg (7)&ufpmavmuf rSef;ítuyfcHxm;oifhonf/ (7)&uftwGif; ukefyHkr&vQif (7-&uf rvGef-cif) þaxmywfpaom aq;wdkYudk ig rpm;awmhNyD? ajce,fqDç udk,f-vdrf;qD ponfjyKvkyfí cE¨mudk,f\ tjyiftyüom oHk;pJGawmhrnf[kt"d|mef (pdwful;)vdkuf&rnf/ xdktjyiftyü oHk;zdkYjzpfvQifum; (7)&ufvGefaomfvnf; tjypfr&dS/

(7) &uftwGif; owfrSwfcsuf

axmywfpaom aq;ig;yg;wdkYudk tuyfcHNyD; ckepf&uftwGif;ompm;aumif;onf[k qdkaomfvnf; (*dvme)tema&m*g &dSoltm; cGifhjyK-jcif;aMumifh qmavmifrGwfodyfjcif; (ydygo) taMumif;&Sd½HkrQjzifh rpm;-aumif;onfudk owdjyKyg/ tm;enf;aom a&m*gç taoG;tom; ydef-ajcmufaom a&m*gç avema&m*g ponf &dSolwdkYom xdka&m*gtwGufpm;aumif;onf/ qmavmifrGwfodyf½Hk taMumif;jzpfrlum; ,mrum-vduac: tazsmf&nf ponfudkom aomufaumif;onf/

a&m*g&Sdygu aq;ig;yg;ESifh pwkr"ludk eHeufcif; tuyfcHNyD;vQifþaeYtzdkY aevJGç rvGJ pm;aumif;onf/ odkYaomf reufjzef paomaemufaeY (6-aeY) wdkYüum; eHeufcif; pm;vdkvQif ,aeYuyfxm;aomqGrf;ç cJzG,fç abmZOfrsm;ESifh a&maESSmí rpm;&? xdkYtjyif yg;pyfütmrdorsm; uyfNidaevQif xdktmrdowdkYudk ajymifpifatmif aq;NyD;rSpm;&onf/ aq;pm;NyD;vQifvnf; yg;pyfudk ajymifpifatmif aq;NyD;rSwjcm;tmrdowdkYudk pm;aumif;onf/ a&S;a&S;aeYwkdYu tuyfcHxm;-aom ,m0ZD0duaq;wkdYukd pm;&müvnf; yg;pyfpifMu,fatmif aq;-NyD;rSom pm;aumif;onf/ umvducsif;vnf; rwlç uyfaomaeYvnf;rwlvQif a&maESmí rpm;aumif;onfukd owdjyKoifhonf/ umvduav;yg; cGJjcm;ykH aemufwGif jyqkdygrnf/


edó*¾dxkdufí pGefYjcif;

]]ckepf&uf vGefapaom &[ef;tm; edó*¾dygpdwf oifh\}}[lonf&Spf&ufajrmuf t½kPfwufavaomf pGefYjcif;0denf;uH &Sd\/ oHCmç*kdPf;ç yk*¾dKvf wpfrsKd;rsKd;xH pGefY&rnf/

oHCmtm; pGefYykHç *kdPf;tm; pGefYykHwkdYukd ouFef;pGefYenf;jyaomtcgazmfjyygrnf/ ,ckyk*¾dKvfxH pGefYykHukd jyqkdrnf jzpfygonf/ edó*¾dxkduf-aeaom axmywfpaom aq;ypönf;ukd pGefYvkdvQif &[ef;ç yk*¾dKvfwpfyg;yg;xHü pGeffY&rnf/

yk*¾dKvfxH pGefYykH

]]t&Sifbk&m; wynfhawmf\ þaq;onf ckepf&uf vGefonfjzpfípGefYxkdufaeygonfbk&m;? wynfhawmfonf þaq;ukd t&Sifbk&m;tm;pGefYyg\}}[k qkdí pGefY&rnf/ pGefYNyD;aemuf tmywfukd &nf&G,fí a'oemMum;&rnf/ xkdYaemuf xkd&[ef;onf pGefYNyD;aom aq;ukd ]]t&Sifbk&m;-tm; jyefay;yg\}}[k qkdí jyefay;&rnf/

(owd) ckepf&ufvGefí 0denf;uHjzifh pGefYNyD; jyef&aom axmywfçqDç ysm;&nf ponfukd temvdrf;jcif;ç pm;aomufokH;aqmifjcif; rjyKtyf?rjyKaumif; okdY&mwGif iJhuGufjcif; r&Sd tmv,jywf vlç omraPwkdYtm;pGefYNyD;í jyef&aom axmywfç qDç ysm;&nf ponfukdum; okH;aqmifjcif;çpm;aomufjcif;iSmvnf; tyfonf[k qkdygonf/

tEkyorÜEéó pawåe 0aEÅe rkawåe teayau©m 'wGm y#d-tEkyorÜEéó pawåe 0aEÅe rkawåe teayau©m 'wGm y#d-tEkyorÜEéó pawåe 0aEÅe rkawåe teayau©m 'wGm y#d-tEkyorÜEéó pawåe 0aEÅe rkawåe teayau©m 'wGm y#d-tEkyorÜEéó pawåe 0aEÅe rkawåe teayau©m 'wGm y#d-vbdwGm y&dbkÍÆwd/ vbdwGm y&dbkÍÆwd/ vbdwGm y&dbkÍÆwd/ vbdwGm y&dbkÍÆwd/ vbdwGm y&dbkÍÆwd/ (temywåd) (yg&mZduPfygVdawmf?364/)

MuH&nfç xef;vsuf&nfç oHyk&m&nfç ponfrsm;A[kokwtwGuf rSwf&ef

]zmPdwH emr OpäKrSm edAÁwåH} ygVdawmfESifhtnD ]MuHrS jzpfaom]MuHrS jzpfaom]MuHrS jzpfaom]MuHrS jzpfaom]MuHrS jzpfaom


0w¬Kwnf;}0w¬Kwnf;}0w¬Kwnf;}0w¬Kwnf;}0w¬Kwnf;}[k qkdonf tm;avsmfpGm tzwf rygatmif ppfNyD;aomMuH&nfrS pí MuHESifhqkdiforQ usKdcsufNyD; t&nfç tjypfç tcJtm;vkH;ukd]zmPdw}[k qkdonf/ ,cktcg MuHrSwpfyg;aom tjcm;aom 0w¬Krsm;rSxGufaom oMum;rsm;ESifh xef;&nfç oum&nfç xef;vsufç MuHoumçponfrsm;ukdvnf; zmPdwü oGif;,lMu\/ (a&S;acwfu xef;&nftokH;r&Sdí usrf;*efwkdYü rygjcif; jzpfrnf[k ,lq&onf/)

þjyqkdcJhNyD;aom pum;pOft& MuHr[kwfaom xef;&nfç xef;-vsuf&nfrsm;onfvnf;aumif;? oMum;trsKd;rsKd;onfvnf;aumif;owåm[umvduwkdYwnf;/ xkdowåm[umvduwkdYukd qmavmifrGwf-odyf½kH ydygo taMumif;rQjzifh aevGJaomtcg raomufaumif; rpm;aumif;yg/ tema&m*g&SdrS pm;aumif; aomufaumif;\/

aboZÆcE¨uü cGifhjyKcsuf

okdYaomf aboZÆcE¨uü ]]tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 *dvmeó *kVH]]tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 *dvmeó *kVH]]tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 *dvmeó *kVH]]tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 *dvmeó *kVH]]tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 *dvmeó *kVHt*dvmeó *kaVm'uH}}t*dvmeó *kaVm'uH}}t*dvmeó *kaVm'uH}}t*dvmeó *kaVm'uH}}t*dvmeó *kaVm'uH}}[k *dvmetwGuf MuHoumç xef;vsufçoMum;cJukdvnf;aumif;? *dvme r[kwfol vlaumif;rsm;twGufMuH&nfç xef;vsuf&nfç oMum;&nfç oumcJ t&nfukdvnf;aumif;cGifhjyKawmfrl\[k rdefYqkdawmfrlaomaMumifh *dvme r[kwfol usef;rmol-wkdYtm;vnf; a&at;ESifh azsmfpyfxm;aom t&nfrsm;ukd qmavmif-rGwfodyfjcif; ]ydygo}taMumif;&SdvQif aomufaumif;\[k odyg/ rGef;vGJ-aomtcgjzpfvQif rqmbJ raomufaumif;[lí rSwfyg/

,ckumv tcJyg pm;aeMuykH

þaboZÆcEuvm ynwfcsuft& xef;vsufcJç oumcJç wifvJcJçMuHoumç Eke,fyGJ&ufç oMum;trIefYç tcJrsm; ponfwkdYonf ,aeYtuyfcHí aevGJaomtcg ckepf&uftwGif; aemufaemuf &ufrsm;\aevGJ rGef;vGJtcg avemjcif;ç tm;enf;jcif; paom a&m*g &SdolESifh


aq;zuf0ifjzpfrS pm;aumif;\/ ,ckumvüum; &[ef;ç omraP-rsm;ESifh Oykofonfrsm; tqkdyg xef;vsufcJç MuHoumcJç oMum;vkH;-wkdYukd rGef;vGJcsdefü pm;aumif;onfxifí pm;avh&SdMu\/ 'um 'umr-wkdYuvnf; uyfavh&SdMu\/ trSeftm;jzifhrl xkdtcJrsm; aerGef;vGJNyD;ygurpm;aumif;[lí rSwfyg/

awv (= qD)ESifh pyfí rSwf&ef

awv = qD [l&mü ESrf;qDç yJqDç rkefnif;qDrsm;ESifh 0ufqDç 0HqDçvif;ykdifqDç jrnf;qDç ig;BuD;qDpaom om;ig;qD trsKd;rsKd;wkdY yg0if\/opfrnfpnfqDç MuufqlqDwkdY yg0if\/

awvH emr wdvawvH omoyawvH r"kuawvH {&@awvHawvH emr wdvawvH omoyawvH r"kuawvH {&@awvHawvH emr wdvawvH omoyawvH r"kuawvH {&@awvHawvH emr wdvawvH omoyawvH r"kuawvH {&@awvHawvH emr wdvawvH omoyawvH r"kuawvH {&@awvH0omawvH/0omawvH/0omawvH/0omawvH/0omawvH/ (yg&mZduPfygVdawmf?363/)

om;ig;qDrsm;ü t½kd;ç tom;ç tzwf rygatmif ppfNyD;om; jzpf-&rnf/ ,m0umvdu toD;tpm;tpmç rka,mpyg;rIefYç qefrIefY ponfa&mxm;vQif 7-&uf rtyf? cJzG,fuJhokdY eHeufykdif; wpf&ufom tyf-onf/ tm;enf;aom a&m*g&Sdaom &[ef;ç omraPwkdYonf axmywfçig;BuD;qD ponfrsm;ukd ntcg a&aEG;ESifhpyfí ckepf&ufom xm;umokH;aqmif&rnf jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh EkdifiHjcm;tm;aq;awmifhrsm; om;-ig;qDygvQif ,m0ZD0dur[kwf owåm[umvdujzpfí ckepf&ufomxm;í okH;aqmifaumif;onf/ ,m0umvdutoD; pyg;rsKd;ç yJrsKd;-ygaom azsmf&nfwkdYonfvnf; rGef;rwnfhrDom aomufaumif;onf[krSwfyg/

ouFef;ESifhpyfaom edó*¾drsm;

1/ 'om[mwduúEÅ = t"d|mef? 0duyÜemrjyKbJ q,f&ufvGefjcif;/2/ wdpD0a&e 0dyÜ0ao,s = ouFef;okH;xnfESifh t½kPfnOfhuif;jcif;/


3/ tnmwu0dnwåd = aqGrsKd;rawmf rzdwfxm;olxH ouFef;awmif;í &jcif;/

4/ wwkwå&d = ckd;ol vk,ufjcif;? a&ç rD;ç rif; ponfrsm; zsufqD;cH&rIodí zdwfcH&um vSL'gef;vQif oif;ykdif ukd,f½kHxuf ykdí rcH,l-&jcif;/

5/ Oyu©# = rlv&nf&G,fonfxuf ykdukefatmif ouFef;pDrHí &jcif;/þodu©myk'f 5-yk'fom pD0&0*fü ouFef;ESifhpyfí edó*¾djzpfykH&Sif;jya&;om;rnf jzpfygonf/ xkdYjyifvnf; ywå0*fvm ---

6/ 0óduom#du odu©myk'f?7/ pD0&tpädE´e odu©myk'f?8/ okwå0dnwåd odu©myk'f?9/ r[mayoum& odu©myk'f?

10/ tapöupD0& odu©myk'f?11/ omouFodu©myk'f - þodu©myk'frsm;vm ouFef;edó*¾d jzpfykHrsm;-

ukdvnf; tusOf;csKyfrQ odom½kH a&;om;azmfjyygOD;rnf/

1/ yxruxdeodu©myk'f

ouFef;ü yvdaAm"NyD;jywfNyD;ç uxdefEkwfNyD;aemuf t"d|mef0duyÜemavmufaom ukd,fykdifouFef;ukd t"d|mefrwif 0duyÜem rjyKbJ-vsuf q,f&ufxuf ykdvGefíxm;vQif ouFef;ukdvnf; 0denf;uHjzifhpGefYtyf\/ yxruxde edó*¾dygpdwftmywfvnf; oifh\/

t*Fg (5) yg; - (1)ZmwfyrmPavmufaom ouFef;\ rdrdOpömjzpfjcif;? (2) aeY&ufta&twGufokdY a&mufjcif;? (3) pD0&ç tm0goyvdaAm"ESpffyg; NyD;jywfNyD; jzpfjcif;? (4) t"d|mef 0duyÜemjyKxm;aomouFef;rS tykdouFef; jzpfjcif;? (5) q,f&uf (11-t½kPf)vGefjcif; -aygif; t*Fgig;yg; &Sd\?


(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) ZmwfyrmP avmufiav&m ukd,fh[mjzpfjcif;1 a&wGufwGif;okdYa&mufvsOf;wkHbd2 yvdaAm" jywfMuayvpf3 tykd jzpfvsuf4

q,f&ufvGefNyD5 tifig;vDç oifhNyD yxruxde/

2/ 'kwd,uxde (ac:) Oa'godwodu©myk'f

*dvme&[ef;tm; ay;tyfaom t0dyÜ0goor®Kwdukd r&xm;vQifouFef;ü yvdaAm"NyD;jywfNyD; uxdefEkwfNyD;aemuf wdpD0&duf t"d|mef-wifxm;aom ouFef;okH;xnfwkdYESifh wpfnOfh (wpft½kPf)rQaomfvnf;uif;íaevQif 'kwd,uxdeac: Oa'godwedó*¾dygpdwftmywfoifh\/(oif;ykdifç ukd,f½kHç 'kuk#f þokH;xnfukd wdpD0&duf[k ac:\/ wpf-xnfxnfESifh nOfhuif;vQif edó*¾d/)

t*Fg (4) yg; - (1)wdpD0&duf t"d|mefwifxm;tyfNyD;aomouFef;jzpfjcif;/ (2) uxdefrcif;jcif; (cif;aomfvnf; EkwfNyD;jcif;/) 3/ t0dyÜ0goor®Kwd r&jcif;/ (4) nOfhuif;jcif;wkdYwnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) "d|mefwifvpfç ouFef;jzpfom;1 pifppfuxdefç cif;rBudrfwnf;2

emcsdefor®Kwdç r&&SdbJ3 &wådt½kPfç uif;aewkH[k4 aMumif;pkHav;vDç t*FgnDç oifhNyD 'kwd,uxde/

6/ tnmwu0dnwådodu©myk'f

aqGrsKd;rawmf rzdwfMum;xm;aom olwkdYxHrS awmif;oifhaomtcgukd MuOfí tjcm;tcgü ouFef;ukd awmif;,ltvSLcH&&SdvQif tnm-wu0dnwåd edó*¾dygpdwftmywfoifh\/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) ouFef;ukd jyxm;aomfvnf; tjcm;ypönf;rsm;ukdvnf;rawmif;aumif;yg/ yPDwabmZOf awmif;pm;vQif ok'-ygpdwf? r[memrodu©myk'fü aq;ypönf;awmif;vQif ok'-ygpdwf? aq;r[kwfbJ yPDwabmZOfrS vGwfaom pm;zG,f


tm;vkH;ukd awmif;pm;vQif olayg'e0dnwåd'kuú#f? *dvmejzpfvQifum; Ówdy0g&dw r[kwfolxHrSmyif awmif;pm;aumif;\/

t*Fg (4) yg; - (1) t"d|mef 0duyÜemavmufaom ouFef;jzpfjcif;?(2) or, r[kwfjcif;? (3) aqGrsKd;rawmfolukd awmif;jcif;? (4) awmif;í&jcif;? aygif; av;yg;wnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) "d|mef0duyfç avmuftyfav&m1 tcgravsmf2 aqGrawmf-awmif;3 &jcif;aygif;í4 taMumif;av;vD t*FgnD oifhNyD 0dnwåd/

7/ wwkwå&d odu©myk'f

ckd;olvk,ufjcif;aMumifhjzpfapç a&ç rD;ç rif; ponfwkdY zsufqD;jcif;-aMumifhjzpfap 0wfzkdYouFef; vkH;vkH;r&Sdaomtcgü aqGrsKd;rawmf rzdwf-Mum;aom olwkdYu odí vSL'gef;aom ouFef;wkdYrS oif;ykdifESifh ukd,f½kHukd-om cH,laumif;\/ xkdYxufykdí cH,lvQif wwkwå&dedó*¾dygpdwftmywfoifh\/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) 'GdpkHwpfpkHvkH; rysufpD;í wpfxnfwnf;usefao;rl vkdae-aom oif;ykdifukdjzpfap? ukd,f½kHukdomjzpfap? cH,l&\/ESpfxnf&SdvQif 0wfvkdYjzpfí rawmif;oifhNyD/

t*Fg (4) yg; - (1)oif;ykdif ukd,f½kHxuf ykdvGefjcif;? (2)tpädEéç e|-pD0& jzpfjcif;? (3) Ówdy0g&dw r[kwfolxH awmif;jcif;? (4) awmif;í&jcif; - [lí t*Fgav;yg; jzpf\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) oif;ykdif ukd,f½kHç 'GdwpfpkHxufç ykdvGefwufom;1 aysmufysufvkcH2

aqGrqHawmif;3 &jcif;aygif;4 taMumif;av;vD t*FgnD oifhNyDwwkwå&d/


8/ yxrOyu©# odu©myk'f

aqGrsKd;rawmfaom 'g,umjzpfap 'g,dumrjzpfap þrnfaom&[ef;ukd &nfrSef;í ouFef;vSLtHh[k ouFef;zkd; (aiG)ukd pD&ifxm;\/xkdtaMumif;ukd xkd&[ef; Mum;od\/ xkd'um&nfpl;xm;aom ouFef;-xuf ykdíaumif;aom ouFef;ukd vkdcsifaomaMumifh a&S;ü rzdwfMum;-bJvsuf xkd&[ef;onf xkdolxHokdY oGm;í rlv&nf&G,fonfxuftvsm;&Snfatmifç teHjyefYatmifç tom;uspfatmifç acsmatmifjyKap\/ xkd&[ef; pDrHonfhtwkdif; xkdol jyKvkyfvSLí &vQif xkdoltm;rlv &nfpl;xm;aom wefzkd; (aiG)xuf ykdí ukefjim;tHh? xkd&[ef;tm;Oyu©#edó*¾dygpdwftmywf oifh\/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) ausmif;paom tjcm;ypönf;rsm;ukd &nfpl;xm;&m0,foGm;a&mufpDrH&müvnf; rlv&nfpl;xm;onfxuf wefzkd;ykdoGm;vQif xkdypönf;rsm;vnf; rtyfonfom? Ówdy0g&dwwkddYxHüum; wefzkd;ykdaomfvnf; tyf\/

t*Fg (3) yg; - (1)tykdtvGefukd tvkd&Sdjcif;? (2) aqGrsKd;rawmfolxH awmif;jcif;? 3/ awmif;í&jcif;tm;jzifh okH;yg;wnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) tykdukdarQmf1 aqGrawmfawmif;2 &jcif;aygif;í3 taMumif; okH;vDt*FgnD? oifhNyD Oyu©#/

Ä 'kwd,Oyu©# txll;r&Sd? 'g,umtvSL&Sif ESpfOD;xH pDrHyHk jzpf\/

yxruxdeodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,frsm;

þodu©myk'fü 1/ pD0&yvdaAm"jywfjcif;? 2/ tm0goyvdaAm"jywfjcif;? 3/ t"d|mefwifjcif;? 4/ 0duyÜemjyKjcif;? 5/ 'om[mwduúEÅmjzpfjcif;wdkYudk odxm;oifhygonf/


1/ pD0&yvdaAm"jywfjcif;

ouFef;ü csKyfqdk;OD;tHh[k pdwfpdkufaerIonf tjcm;udpöudk aESmifh,Sufwm;jrpfwwfaomaMumifh yvdaAm" rnf\/ ouFef;wdk ouFef;p ydwfwdkzsifpwdkYudk csKyfí NyD;aomfvnf;aumif; wpfenf;enf;jzifh aysmufqHk;ysufpD;aomfvnf; &zdkY&ef arQmfvifhae&mrS r&awmhyg[k tmomjy,f-aomfvnf;aumif; xdkouFef;ESifhpyfí udpöNyD;jywfav&um; ed|dwpD0&jzpf&avawmh\? (0g) pD0&yvdaAm" jywfawmh\/ ,©Kumvü e*dkuyifcsKyfNyD; qdk;NyD;aom ouFef;rsm;udk tvSLcH&avh&dSaomaMumifh trsm;tm;-jzifh pD0&yvdaAm"jywfNyD; jzpfavNyD/ tm0goyvdaAm" &dSao;aomaMumifhom ouFef;xm;cGifh &Muonf/

2/ tm0goyvdaAm"jywfjcif;

ausmif;wdkuftm0goü wG,fwmrIonf tjcm;ü aejcif;udk aESmifh-,Suf wm;jrpfwwfaomaMumifh yvdaAm" rnf\/ uxdefEkwfenf;wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifh uxdefEkwf&mü tm0goyvdaAm" jywfpJavawmhonf/

uxdeffEkwfjcif;

uxdefcif;xm;ojzifh &&dSaeaom t&dSeft0gtusKd;tmedoifrsm;udk½kyfodrf;vdkufjcif;wnf;/ xkdEkwfjcif;wdkYonf ---

1/ waygif;vjynfhrwdkifrD twGif;ü ur®0gpmjzifh Ekwfjcif;?

2/ waygif;vjynfhojzifh tvdkvdk Ekwfjcif;?

3/ uxdefcif;&m ausmif;wdkufü qufvufraeawmhbJ tjcm;ausmif;-wdkufodkY a&TUajymif;aexdkifaomtm;jzifh Ekwfjcif;/

4/ tjcm;ausmif;wkdufokdY acwåoGm;&mrS oabmusí rjyefawmhthH[kqkH;jzwfaomtm;jzifhEkwfjcif;[k trsKd;rsKd; &Sdonf/

(bmom#Dum?129/)


uxdefEkwffjcif; (9) yg;

1/ yuúreEÅduEkwfjcif;?

2/ ed|meEÅduEkwfjcif;?

3/ oEéd|meEÅduEkwfjcif;?

4/ emoeEÅduEkwfjcif;?

5/ o0eEÅduEkwfjcif;?

6/ tmom0apä'duEkwfjcif;?

7/ oDrmwduúrEÅduEkwfjcif;?

8/ o[kAÇm&Ekwfjcif;?

9/ tEÅ½kAÇm&Ekwfjcif;? (bdu©KeD0dbif;?)

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) yufç edXfç oefç em? oç tmom? oDrmç o[kAf&Spf? tEÅ½ kAÇm&xnfhoGif;u? ukd;0 o½kyfjzpf/ (ygwdarmu©ar'deD?173/)

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) jyKNyD; ckd;oGm;? jcpm; rD;pm? tmom uif;jywf? aygif;ig;&yf? NyD;jywfouFef;rSm/

pD0&mç 0go? yvdaAm"? ESpf0jym;onfom/

ouFef;NyD;u? pD0&? aAm"jywfonfom/

uxdefEkwf? tm0go? aAm"jywfonfom/

yvdaAm"? ,if;ESpf0wGif? wpfyg;yg;vQif&Sd? ig;tifed? &\rSwfavyg/

uxdefcif;NyD;aom &[ef;tm; cif;NyD;onfrS waygif;vjynfhaeYtxd yvdaAm"ESpfrsKd;vkH;jzpfapç wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzpfap rjywfthH? twda&uouFef;ukd aqmifxm;aumif;onf/ q,f&ufvGefaomfvnf; tjypfr&SdtemrEÅpm& paom tmedoifig;yg;ukdvnf; &onf[k rSwf/


uxdeftmedoif ig;yg;

1/ temrEÅpm&temrEÅpm&temrEÅpm&temrEÅpm&temrEÅpm& = ig;yg;aom abmZOfwkdYwGif wpfyg;yg;aom abmZOf-jzifh zdwftyfaom bwf&Sdaom &[ef;tm; xif&Sm;&Sdaom &[ef;udkryefMum;rlí'g,umwkdY\tdrfokdY oGm;vmEkdifjcif;/ (pm&dwåodu©myk'f)

2/ torm'gepm&torm'gepm&torm'gepm&torm'gepm&torm'gepm& = trnftm;jzifh t"d|mefwiftyfaom wdpD0&dufouFef;ukd r,lrlí [w¬ygofuif;í oGm;vmEkdifjcif;/

(Oa'godwodu©myk'f)

3/ ,m0'w¬pD0& ,m0'w¬pD0& ,m0'w¬pD0& ,m0'w¬pD0& ,m0'w¬pD0& = t"d|mefrwif 0duyÜemrjyKbJ tvkd&Sdwkdif; ouFef;ukdxm;Ekdifjcif;/ (yxruxde)

4/ *PabmZe = av;yg;av;yg;xuf tvGefjzpfaom &[ef;wkdY\0dnwfaMumifhvnf;aumif; tuyÜd,a0g[m&jzifh yifhzdwfjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif; &tyfaom abmZOfig;yg;wkdYwGif wpfyg;yg;ukdcH,ljcif;/ (*PabmZeodu©myk'f)

5/ a,m p ww¬ pD0½kyÜg' = uxdefcif;aom ausmif;wkdufü trSwfr&SdwpfpkHwpfckaom tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh oHCduouFef; jzpfay:vm-aomf uxdeftmedoif&aom &[ef;tm;om jzpfjcif;ç qkdifjcif;ç&xkdufjcif;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) temrEÅ? tor'g? ,m0g ? *P? a,mww¬? yÍötmedoif/

odu©myk'fESifh tmedoif wGJrSwf&ef

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) temrEÅ pm&dwårSef? ,m0'w¬ 'owduúef? *PabmZ *P-abmZH? torm xm;yg t0dyÜH/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) uxdefrcif; uxdeftmedoif r&aom &[ef;wkdYonfig;yg;aom tmedoifwkdYwGif torm'gepm&ukd z,fxm;íuseffav;yg;aom tmedoifwkdYukd pD0&umv (wpfv)ü


&tyf &xkduf\[k od/ (ygwdarmu©ar'deD?172/)

t"d|mefwifjcif;

t"d|meo'gonf ]]pGJjrJpGmwnfjcif;ç aqmufwnfjcif;}}[k teuf-xGuf\/ xkdt"d|mefwifjcif;onf wdpD0&duf t"d|mefwifjcif; y&du©m&-apmV t"d|mefwifjcif;[k ESpfrsKd; &Sd\/

wdpD0&duft"d|mef ESpfrsKd;

ouFef;ukd vufjzifhukdifí ouFef;tm;avsmfpGm ]]£rH oHCm#ð]]£rH oHCm#ð]]£rH oHCm#ð]]£rH oHCm#ð]]£rH oHCm#ðt"d|mrd}}t"d|mrd}}t"d|mrd}}t"d|mrd}}t"d|mrd}}ponfjzifh pdwfjzifh tmabm*xm;í wifaom um,t"d|mefçEIwfjzifh >rufíwifaom 0gpmt"d|meftm;jzifh ESpfrsKd;&Sdjyef\/ xkdwGif0gpmt"d|mefonf teD;ç ta0; ESpfrsKd;jym;\/ teD;jzpfthH ]£rH}[k qkd?ta0;jzpftHh ]{wH}[k qdk? ESpfawmifhxGm[w¬ygoftwGif;onf teD;?[w¬ygof\ tjyifonf ta0;[k cGJjcm;odyg/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) um, 0gpm t"d|m? ESpfjzmjym;ownf;/0gpmürSm? eD;ç a0;om? ESpfjzm jym;ownf;/

ouFef; (3) xnf wdpD0&duf t"d|mefwifykH

1/ £rH tEÅ&0gouH t"d|mrd£rH tEÅ&0gouH t"d|mrd£rH tEÅ&0gouH t"d|mrd£rH tEÅ&0gouH t"d|mrd£rH tEÅ&0gouH t"d|mrd????? (oif;ydkif)2/ £rH Owå&mo*ø t"d|mrd? ({uoD)3/ £rH oHCm#ð t"d|mrd? ('kuk#f)

£r£r£r£r£rH = þouFef;udk/ tEÅ&0gouH = oif;ydkif[lí/ t"d|mrd =pdwfü jrJpGm aqmufwnfyg\ (0g) t"d|mefyg\/ ]]Owå&mo*ø = {uoD[lí/ oHCm#ð = ESpfxyfouFef;BuD;[lí}} [k teufay;yg/

EIwfjzifh r&GwfqdkEdkifvQif udk,fjzifhouFef;udk udkifí þtqdktwdkif;pdwfrSef;vsufvnf; t"d|mefwifaumif;\/


ouFef;udk apmifha&SmufyHk

qdkif&memrnfwyfí t"d|mef wifxm;tyfaom wdpD0&dufudk(q&mrSwfrSwf wynfhrSwfrSwf qkdouJhodkY) oif;ydkifrSwfrSwf {uoDrSwfrSwf *½kpdkuf&vdrfhrnf/ *½kpdkufyHkum; - 0wfíaomfvnf; xm;&rnf?r0wfvQif t½kPfwufcsdefrSm rdrd\ ESpfawmifhxGmtwGif;ü &Sdap&rnf?xdkodkY rapmifha&SmufvQif aemuf odu©myk'ft& edó*d¾jzpfí ygpdwf-tmywf oifhonf/ þodkY t"d|mefwifxm;oludk ]]0denf;wdpD0&dufaqmifol}}[k ac:\/

0denf;wdpD0&duf0denf;wdpD0&duf0denf;wdpD0&duf0denf;wdpD0&duf0denf;wdpD0&dufaqmif&mü tEÅ&0gouç Owå&mo*Fç oHCm#d[laom emrnfjzifh wpfxnfpDom wifEd kifonf/ usefaom ouFef;rsm;&Sdaeygu 0duyÜemjyKxm;&rnf/ odkYr[kwf t|uxmenf;t& ]y&du©m&apmVt"d|mef}aomfvnf; wifxm;Edkif\/

okwåefwdpD0&dufokwåefwdpD0&dufokwåefwdpD0&dufokwåefwdpD0&dufokwåefwdpD0&duf"kwifum; ouFef;tydk xm;cGifhr&? xyfrHíaqmufwnfrI jyK&ao;\/ aqmufwnfyHkrSm -

pwkw¬upD0&H y#du©dygrd? awpD0&du*ø orm'd,mrd/pwkw¬upD0&H y#du©dygrd? awpD0&du*ø orm'd,mrd/pwkw¬upD0&H y#du©dygrd? awpD0&du*ø orm'd,mrd/pwkw¬upD0&H y#du©dygrd? awpD0&du*ø orm'd,mrd/pwkw¬upD0&H y#du©dygrd? awpD0&du*ø orm'd,mrd/

pwkw¬upD0&H pwkw¬upD0&H pwkw¬upD0&H pwkw¬upD0&H pwkw¬upD0&H = 0wfavmuf½Hkavmuf av;xnfajrmuf ouFef;udk/y#dud©ygrd y#dud©ygrd y#dud©ygrd y#dud©ygrd y#dud©ygrd = y,fyg\/ awpD0&du*ø = ouFef;oHk;xnf aqmifavh-&Sdaom yk*d¾Kvf\ jzpfaMumif; ukodkvf apwemudk/ orm'd,mrd = pdwfüjrJpGm aqmufwnfyg\[k qdkí aqmufwnf&\/ teH wpfxGm? tvsm;oHk;awmif? yuwdtm;jzifh teH wpfxGmcGJ tvsm;av;awmifxGm&SdycHk;wifacR;cHp&m tHoudk#fukd tydk xm;Edkif\/ tdyf&mcif; tHoudk#fþESpfxnfonf wdpD0&duf"kwifudk rysufapEdkif/ bdu©KeDrwdkYtm;a&oEkyf &ifvTrf;obufESifh ig;xnfonf wdpD0&duf rnf\/

(0dok'd¨r*ft&om?88/)


ypöK'dK&f jyK jcif;

jrefrmvkd ]½kyfodrf;jcif;}[k teufxGuf\/ ouFef;topf &ojzifholUemrnfESifhol t"d|mefwifvkdvQif t"d|mefwifNyD;aom ,cif ouFef;ta[mif;ukd ]ypöK'¨dK&f}[laom 0denf;uHwpfckukd jyKNyD;rSom topfukdt"d|mefwif&onf/

£rH tEÅ&0gouH ypöK'¨&mrd?£rH tEÅ&0gouH ypöK'¨&mrd?£rH tEÅ&0gouH ypöK'¨&mrd?£rH tEÅ&0gouH ypöK'¨&mrd?£rH tEÅ&0gouH ypöK'¨&mrd? £rH = þouFef;ukd/ tEÅ&0gouH= oif;ykdifukd (0g)oif;ykdiftjzpfrS? ypöK'&mrd = ½kyfodrf;yg\/ Owå&moH*çoHCm#dwkdYukdvnf; þenf;twkdif; jyKyg/ ta0;jzpfvQif ]{wH}[k qkd&-onf/ þokdY ta[mif;ukd ½kyfodrf;NyD;rS topfoif;ykdif ponfukd a&S;uqkdcJhonfhtwkdif; t"d|mefwif&rnf/ ypöK'¨dK&f jyKxm;aom oif;ykdifukdolwpfyg;tm; vSLvkdvQifvSL rvSLvkdvQif 0duyÜemaomfvnf;jyK?y&du©m&apmVt"d|mefaomfvnf; wifxm;&rnf/

y&du©m&apmV t"d|mefwifykH

]]£rH pD0&H y&du©m&apmVH t"d|mrd/}}]]£rH pD0&H y&du©m&apmVH t"d|mrd/}}]]£rH pD0&H y&du©m&apmVH t"d|mrd/}}]]£rH pD0&H y&du©m&apmVH t"d|mrd/}}]]£rH pD0&H y&du©m&apmVH t"d|mrd/}}

£rH pD0&H = þouFef;ukd/ y&du©m&apmVHy&du©m&apmVHy&du©m&apmVHy&du©m&apmVHy&du©m&apmVH = y&du©&mt0wf[lí/t"d|mrd = pdwfü jrJpGm aqmufwnfyg\/ trsm;jzpfvQif ]]£rmed pD0&med]]£rmed pD0&med]]£rmed pD0&med]]£rmed pD0&med]]£rmed pD0&medy&du©m&apmVmed t"d|mrd}}y&du©m&apmVmed t"d|mrd}}y&du©m&apmVmed t"d|mrd}}y&du©m&apmVmed t"d|mrd}}y&du©m&apmVmed t"d|mrd}}[k qkd? ta0;jzpfu {u0kpfjzpfvQif- ]{wH}{wH}{wH}{wH}{wH}çA[k0kpfjzpfvQif - ]{wmed}]{wmed}]{wmed}]{wmed}]{wmed} [k jyifqkd&rnf/

þy&du©m&apmV t"d|mefwifaumif;aom ouFef; (9)xnfvkH;ürdrdESifh nOhfruif;atmif apmifha&SmufzG,f rvkd/ t"d|mefwifavmuf-aom ydwfwkdzsifprS pí tjcm;txnfrsm;ukdvnf; ]y&du©m&apmV}jzifht"d|mefwifaumif;\/ (bkHvQKd = zkHç apmifç acgif;tkH;ç aumfaZmrsm;-ukdum; t"d|mefwifzG,f rvkd/) (bmom#Dum-133/)

oydwftdyfç zdeyftdyf tvsm; - wpfawmifxGmç teH - wpfxGm


vufajcmufopfrS pí ouFef; (9)xnfç t0wftxnfrsm; y&du©m&-apmV t"d|mefwif&rnf? 0duyÜemaomfvnf; jyK&rnf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;vufopfawmftm;jzifh tvsm; vuf&Spfopfç teH vufav;opf(ygVdawmf)? tvsm;ESpfxGmç teH wpfxGm[k t|uxmü jy\/

tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 tm,mare t|*FkvH ok*w*Fkave pwk-tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 tm,mare t|*FkvH ok*w*Fkave pwk-tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 tm,mare t|*FkvH ok*w*Fkave pwk-tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 tm,mare t|*FkvH ok*w*Fkave pwk-tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 tm,mare t|*FkvH ok*w*Fkave pwk-&*Fkv0dw¬wH ypädrH pD0&H 0duayÜwkEÅd/ &*Fkv0dw¬wH ypädrH pD0&H 0duayÜwkEÅd/ &*Fkv0dw¬wH ypädrH pD0&H 0duayÜwkEÅd/ &*Fkv0dw¬wH ypädrH pD0&H 0duayÜwkEÅd/ &*Fkv0dw¬wH ypädrH pD0&H 0duayÜwkEÅd/ (yg&mZduPf t|uxm?222/)

ouFef;yrmPxuf ykdvGefaomfvnf;aumif;ç ,kwfavsmhaeaomf-vnf;aumif; xkdt0wftxnfwkdYukd y&du©m&apmVt"d|mefwif&rnf[kt|uxm qkdygonf/ (yg&mZduPf t|uxm?226/)ü qkd\/

0kwåyrmPawm ye twda&uHç ODeuÍö ]]y&du©m&apmVEÅd t"d|m-0kwåyrmPawm ye twda&uHç ODeuÍö ]]y&du©m&apmVEÅd t"d|m-0kwåyrmPawm ye twda&uHç ODeuÍö ]]y&du©m&apmVEÅd t"d|m-0kwåyrmPawm ye twda&uHç ODeuÍö ]]y&du©m&apmVEÅd t"d|m-0kwåyrmPawm ye twda&uHç ODeuÍö ]]y&du©m&apmVEÅd t"d|m-wAÁH/wAÁH/wAÁH/wAÁH/wAÁH/

ouFef; (9) xnf

oif;ykdifç {uoDç 'kuk#fç tdyf&mcif;ç rsufESmokwfyk0gç y&du©m&apmV(ydwfwkd zsifp paom ouFef;rcsKyf&ao;aom txnfrsm;) edoD'dkeffçrkd;a&cHouFef;ç trmvTrf;ouFef;wkdYwnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) oif;ç ukd,fç 'kç tdyf? rsufç y&dufç edod'fç rkd;ç trm/

xkdouFef; (9)xnfwGif wdpD0&duf (3)xnfç rkd;a&cHç edoD'dkefçtrmvTrf; þ (6)xnfaom ouFef;wkdYukd (1)xnfpDom t"d|mefwif-aumif;onf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) wdpD0&m? rkd; ed rm? "d|m wpfxnfpD/

tdyf&mcif;ç rsufESmokwfyk0gç y&du©m&apmVt"d|mef wifxm;aomouFef; þ (3)rsKd;aom ouFef;wkdYukd (1)xnfxuf ykdvGefí t"d|mef-wifxm;cGifh &Sd\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) y rsuf tdyf&m? okH;rsKd;om? rsm;pGm wifEkdifonf/


t"d|mefrwif&aom y&du©&mrsm;

anmifapmif;ç bkHvQKdç tifysOfbkHvQKdç acgif;tkH;ç pkvsm;ç aumfaZmþ (5)rsKd;aom y&du©&mwkdYukdum; t"d|mef rwif&[k qkd\/ aoemoetokH;taqmifjzpfu t"d|mefrwif&[k #Dumqkd\/ aoemoetusKd;-iSm vSLaom tcif;jzpfrl t"d|mefrwif&[k odyg/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) bkHvQKd pjzm? ig;rsKd;rSm? "d|m rwif&? aoemoe? okH;aqmifrQ?,l& #Dumjy? ausmif; tusKd;iSm? vSL tdyf&m? "d|m rwif&/

(ygwdarmu©ar'deD?178/)

t"d|mefusaMumif; (8) &Spfyg;

(1) olwpfyg;tm; ay;pGefYjcif;? (2) ckd;,loGm;jcif;? (3) tuRrf;0ifí]0dómo*¾g[,lenf;}jzifh ,loGm;jcif;? (4) (ouFef;&Sifu bdu©KeDjzpfvQif)odu©mrcsbJ vl0wfvJjcif;? (5) bdu©KjzpfvQif odu©mcsjcif;? (6) ao-qkH;jcif;? (7) vdifazmufjyefjcif;? (8) ypöK'¨dK&fjyKjcif;? þ taMumif;&Spf-yg;um; (y&du©m&apmVjzpfap t"d|mefwifxm;aom t0wfrsm;twGuf)t"d|mefusaMumif; ysufaMumif;wnf;/

wdpD0&dufouFef;rsm;rSmrl vufoef;\ vufonf;cGHavmuftayguf aygufvQifyif t"d|mefusojzifh t"d|mefusaMumif; (9)yg;&Sdonf[k rSwfyg/ ]tayguf}[l&mü tem;ywfvnf ayguf½kHrQjzifh rus?okH;xnfvkH;twGuf tvsm;pGef; wpfxGm (12-vufopf)? teHpGef; {u-oDESifh ouFef;BuD;twGuf vuf&Spfopf? oif;ykdiftwGuf vufav;opfxkwfcsif;aygufrS t"d|mefusonf/ taygufukd zmNyD;u xyfí t"d|mefwifEkdif\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) ay; pGefY ckd;0Suf? 0dóopfç vlxGuf csodu©m/ aoqkH;vdifjyefçypöK'¨Hç &Spfwef us"d|m/ vufoef;onf;rQç aygufvwfuç okH;0pD0&dufrSm/ (bmom#Dum?134/)


rkdCf;a&cHouFef;jzpfrl rkdCf;av;v vGefu t"d|mefpGefY\/ trm-vTrf;ouFef; jzpfrl a&m*gaysmufuif;u t"d|mefpGefY\/ oydwfjzpfrlrsufESm&pfrS vufESpfopfatmuf qwfxrif;vkH;avmuf aygufut"d|mefpGefY\[k odyg/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) rkdCf;v vGefjyef? rkdCf;a&cH? xnfhjyef ukd;yg;wnf;? a&m*g cefYusef;trmvTrf;? xnfhpGrf; ukd;yg;wnf;/ qwfxrif;avmuf? oydwfayguf? xnfhavSmuf ukd;yg;wnf;/ (ygwdarmu©ar'deD?179/)

edó*¾douFef;pGefYykH

ouFef;&NyD;aemuf (10)&uftwGif; t"d|mef0duyÜem rjyKrdvQifxkdouFef;onf edó*¾dxkdufí ygpdwftmywf oifh½kHru xkdouFef;ukdukdifwkdif;ukdifwkdif; 'kuú#ftmywfvnf; xyfíxyfí oifhao;onf/xkdYaMumifh edó*¾dxkdufaeaom ouFef;ukd oHCmtxHü jzpfapç ESpfyg;okH;yg; *kdPf;txHü jzpfapç wpfyg;txHü jzpfap pGefY&rnf/ vuf0J-wpfzuf yckH;xufü tay:½kH{uoDukd prÜ,fwifNyD;vQif BuD;ukefaom&[ef;wkdY\ ajcukd &Sdckd;í aqmifhaMumifhxkdif vuftkyfcsDvsuf -

£'H ar baEÅ pD0&H 'om[mwduúEÅH edó*¾d,H/ £rm[H (oHCó)£'H ar baEÅ pD0&H 'om[mwduúEÅH edó*¾d,H/ £rm[H (oHCó)£'H ar baEÅ pD0&H 'om[mwduúEÅH edó*¾d,H/ £rm[H (oHCó)£'H ar baEÅ pD0&H 'om[mwduúEÅH edó*¾d,H/ £rm[H (oHCó)£'H ar baEÅ pD0&H 'om[mwduúEÅH edó*¾d,H/ £rm[H (oHCó)(tm,o®EÅmeH) (tm,o®mawm) edóZÆmrd/(tm,o®EÅmeH) (tm,o®mawm) edóZÆmrd/(tm,o®EÅmeH) (tm,o®mawm) edóZÆmrd/(tm,o®EÅmeH) (tm,o®mawm) edóZÆmrd/(tm,o®EÅmeH) (tm,o®mawm) edóZÆmrd/

baEÅ = t&Sifbk&m;/ ar = wynfhawmf\/ £'H pD0&H = þouFef;ukd/ 'om[mwduúEÅH'om[mwduúEÅH'om[mwduúEÅH'om[mwduúEÅH'om[mwduúEÅH = q,f&ufvGefonf (jzpfí)/ edó*¾d,H = pGefYtyfpGefYxkdufyg\/ t[H = wynfhawmfonf/ £rH = þouFef;ukd/ tm,-o®awm = t&Sifbk&m;tm;/ (oHCó = oHCmtm;) (tm,o®EÅmeH =t&Sifbk&m;wkdYtm;/) edóZÆmrd = pGefYyg\/

(rSwfcsuf - rdrd pGefYrnfh oHCmç *kdPf;ç yk*¾dKvf wpfckukdom qkd&rnf/)

ESpfxnfrS pí trsm;jzpfvQif £'Hç edó*¾d,Hç £rm[H yk'frsm;tpm;]£rmedç edó*¾d,medç £rmem[H}[k jyifyg/ edó*¾douFef;ukd vufcHolu


ti,fjzpfvQif ]baEÅ} ae&mü ]tm0kaom}? ]tm,o®awm} ae&mü]wk,SH}? ]tm,o®EÅmeH} ae&mü ]wkrSmuH}[k jyifí qkd&rnf/

(jrefrmvdk) -(jrefrmvdk) -(jrefrmvdk) -(jrefrmvdk) -(jrefrmvdk) - ]]t&Sifbk&m; ...bk&m;wynfhawmf\ þ ouFef;-onf (10)&uf vGefojzifh edó*¾dxkdufaeygonf/ þouFef;ukd (oHCm-tm;) (t&Sifbk&m;wkdYtm;) t&Sifbk&m;tm; wynfhawmf pGefYyg\-bk&m;}}[k jrefrmvkd qkdí pGefYEkdif\/ ouFef;cHolu oDwif;i,fjzpfvQif]igY&Sif}[kvnf;aumif;ç ]oifhtm;}[kvnf;aumif; qkd½kHom xl;\/

þodkY pGefYNyD;aomtcg ,ckumv xkH;pHtwkdif; ygpdwftmywfukdpdwfxJu &nfrSef;í a'oemajymMum;&rnf/ þokdY pGefYNyD;aemufrSa'oemajymMum;&aom ygpdwftmywfjzpfí ]pGefYjcif;0denf;uH}a&S;-&Sdaom ]ygpdwftmywf}[k qkd&onf/

xkdaemuf edó*¾douFef;ukd cH&aom &[ef;u -

]]£rH pD0&H tm,o®awm 'r®d/}}

]]þouFef;ukd t&Sifbk&m;tm; jyefay;yg\}}[k ygVdvkd jzpfap?jrefrmvkd jzpfap qkdí jyefay;&rnf/ (trsm;jzpfvQif - £rmed pD0&med?þouFef;wkdYukd?) xkduJhokdY jyefay;í &NyD;aemuf tvkd&Sd&m t"d|mefaomf-vnf; wif? okdYr[kwf 0duyÜemaomfvnf; jyKxm;&rnf/ ta0;okdY vSrf;ípGefY&ygu ]{wH}? ]{wmed}{wH}? ]{wmed}{wH}? ]{wmed}{wH}? ]{wmed}{wH}? ]{wmed}[k jyifqkd&rnf/

ouFef;cHaom &[ef;u ouonmjzifh jyefray;bJaeu 'kuú#f?t>rufaxmifí ray;bJaeu b@mpm;xkdufwwfonf/

ta0;ü &Sdaeaom ouFef;ukd pGefYykH

]]{wH ar baEÅ pD0&H 'om[mwduúEÅH edó*¾d,H? {wm[H]]{wH ar baEÅ pD0&H 'om[mwduúEÅH edó*¾d,H? {wm[H]]{wH ar baEÅ pD0&H 'om[mwduúEÅH edó*¾d,H? {wm[H]]{wH ar baEÅ pD0&H 'om[mwduúEÅH edó*¾d,H? {wm[H]]{wH ar baEÅ pD0&H 'om[mwduúEÅH edó*¾d,H? {wm[Htm,o®awm edóZÆmrd/}}tm,o®awm edóZÆmrd/}}tm,o®awm edóZÆmrd/}}tm,o®awm edóZÆmrd/}}tm,o®awm edóZÆmrd/}}


]{wH pD0&H = xkdouFef;ukd}[k teufay;yg/ trsm;jzpfu {wmed?{wmem[H-[k ajymif;qkdyg/

(jrefrmvkd)(jrefrmvkd)(jrefrmvkd)(jrefrmvkd)(jrefrmvkd) - ]]t&Sifbk&m; ..bk&m;wynfhawmf\xkdouFef;onfq,f&uf vGefojzifh edó*¾dxkdufaeygonf/ xkdouFef;ukd t&Sifbk&m;-tm; wynfhawmf pGefYyg\bk&m;/}}

a'oemMum;NyD; edó*¾douFef;ukd cHaom &[ef;u ]]{wH pD0&Htm,o®awm 'r®d}}[k qkdí jyefay;yg/ trsm;jzpfvQif ]{wmed}[k jyif-qkd&rnf/ jrefrmvkd - ]]xdkouFef;ukd (xkdouFef;wkdYukd) t&Sifbk&m;tm;jyefay;yg\}}[k qkdí jyefay;ygav/

oHCmxH pGefU&mü jyefay;ykH

oHCmxH pGefYvQif oHCmxJrS ]Aswåy#dAv} uRrf;usifvdr®m pGrf;&nf-&Sdaom&[ef;u tmywfukd a'oemMum;apí pGefYaom ouFef;ukdatmufygtwkdif; qkdí jyefay;&rnf/

okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? £'H pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©KaemokPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? £'H pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©KaemokPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? £'H pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©KaemokPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? £'H pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©KaemokPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? £'H pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaemedó*¾d,H oHCó edó|H? ,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCm £rHedó*¾d,H oHCó edó|H? ,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCm £rHedó*¾d,H oHCó edó|H? ,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCm £rHedó*¾d,H oHCó edó|H? ,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCm £rHedó*¾d,H oHCó edó|H? ,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCm £rHpD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaem 'a',s/ pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaem 'a',s/ pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaem 'a',s/ pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaem 'a',s/ pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaem 'a',s/ (uGif;twGif; bGJUtrnf xnfhzwf&ef)

]]t&Sifbk&m;wkdY ... oHCmonf bk&m;wynfhawmf\ (pum;ukd)emawmfrlavmh? (þrnfaom) &[ef;\ pGefYjcif; (0denf;uH)&SdaomþouFef;ukd oHCmtm; pGefYtyfNyD? oHCmtm; avsmufywfaomtcg&Sdaom uHonf jzpfjim;tHh? oHCmonf þouFef;ukd (þrnfaom)&[ef;tm; ay;&m\}}[k (odapí jyefay;&rnf)/

*kdPf;xHpGefYvQif uRrf;usifvdr®m pGrf;&nf&Sdaom Aswåy#dAv&[ef;-onf tmywfukd a'oemajymcH,lí pGefYNyD;ouFef;ukd atmufygtwkdif;qkdí jyefay;&rnf/


*kdPf;xH pGefY&mü jyefay;ykH

okPEÅK ar tm,o®EÅm? £'H pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©KaemokPEÅK ar tm,o®EÅm? £'H pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©KaemokPEÅK ar tm,o®EÅm? £'H pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©KaemokPEÅK ar tm,o®EÅm? £'H pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©KaemokPEÅK ar tm,o®EÅm? £'H pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaemedó*¾d,H? tm,o®EÅmeH edó|H? ,'g,o®EÅmeH ywåuv’H? tm,o®EÅmedó*¾d,H? tm,o®EÅmeH edó|H? ,'g,o®EÅmeH ywåuv’H? tm,o®EÅmedó*¾d,H? tm,o®EÅmeH edó|H? ,'g,o®EÅmeH ywåuv’H? tm,o®EÅmedó*¾d,H? tm,o®EÅmeH edó|H? ,'g,o®EÅmeH ywåuv’H? tm,o®EÅmedó*¾d,H? tm,o®EÅmeH edó|H? ,'g,o®EÅmeH ywåuv’H? tm,o®EÅm£rH pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaem 'a',sKEÅd/£rH pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaem 'a',sKEÅd/£rH pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaem 'a',sKEÅd/£rH pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaem 'a',sKEÅd/£rH pD0&H (£w¬Eémró) bdu©Kaem 'a',sKEÅd/

]]t&Sifbk&m;wdkY ... bk&m;wynfhawmf\ (pum;udk) emukefavmh/(þrnfaom) &[ef;\ pGefYjcif;0denf;uH&Sdaom þouFef;udk t&Sif-bk&m;wdkYtm; pGefYtyfNyD? t&SifwdkYtm; avsmufywfaom tcg&SdaomuHonf jzpfjim;tHh? t&SifwdkYonf þouFef;udk (þrnfaom) &[ef;tm;ay;ukef&m\}}[k (odapí jyefay;&rnf??)

0duyÜemodu©myk'f

oDwif;oHk;azmf ig;a,mufwdkYwGif wpfa,mufa,muf\ txHüouFef;udk udk,fwdkif 0duyÜemjyKí xkdolu ypöK'dK&frjyKay;bJvsuf (0g)0duyÜemrjyefbJvsuf xdkouFef;udk 0wf½kHoHk;pGJvQif 0duyÜemok'¨ygpdwfftmywf oifh\/

0duyÜemjyKyHkrsm;

þae&mü ok&myge0*f e0rodu©myk'fvm 0duyÜemtpDt&ifrsm;odxm;oifhygonf/ 0denf;wdpD0&dufaqmifolonf usef&SdaeaomouFef;rsm;udk 0duyÜemaomfvnf;jyK y&du©m&apmVt"d|mefaomfvnf;wifxm;&rnf jzpfaomaMumifhwnf;/

0d = rdrdOpömtjzpfrS uif;atmif? uyÜe = jyKjcif;? rdrdouFef; rdrdoydwf[k trSwfrxm;awmhbJ oDwif;oHk;azmfwpfyg;yg;tm; ay;vdkuf-aomtcg udk,fhOpömtrSwfrS uif;oGm;awmhojzifh oDwif;oHk;azmftm;ay;jcif;udkyif 0duyÜemjyKjcif;[k ac:\/ xkdodkY 0duyÜemjyKNyD;aomtcgrdrdOpöm r[kwfawmh&um; (10)&uf vGefaomfvnf; edó*¾drxdkufawmhay/


þodu©myk'fü vmonfh 0duyÜemjyKyHk ypöK'dK&fjyKyHkrsm;udk uGJuGJjym;jym;em;vnfoifhygonf/

0duyÜemESpfrsKd;

1/ or®Kc0duyÜem? or®Kc0duyÜem? or®Kc0duyÜem? or®Kc0duyÜem? or®Kc0duyÜem? 2/ y&Hrkc0duyÜem-[k 0duyÜem ESpfrsKd; &Sd\/

xdkwGif ]]oHrkace]]oHrkace]]oHrkace]]oHrkace]]oHrkace = rdrdEIwfjzifh? 0duyÜem = 0duyÜemjyKjcif;onfor®Kc0duyÜemrnf\}}[laom #DumESifhtnD ouFef;&Sifudk,fwdkif rdrd-EIwfjzifh 0duyÜemjyKjcif;onf or®Kc0duyÜem rnf\/ 0denf;"kd&f wpfyg;-yg;xH tyfESHí olwpfyg;[k qdktyfaom xdk0denf;"dk&f\ EIwfjzifh 0duyÜem-jyKjcif;onf y&Hrkc0duyÜem y&Hrkc0duyÜem y&Hrkc0duyÜem y&Hrkc0duyÜem y&Hrkc0duyÜem rnf\/

or®Kc0duyÜem (2) rsKd;

þor®Kc0duyÜemüvnf; rdrday;vdk&m oDwif;oHk;azmfu teD;tyg;ü &SdpOf wdkuf½kduf0duyÜemjyKykH wpfrsKd;? rdrday;vdk&m oDwif;okH;azmfuta0;rSm&SdpOf 0duyÜem jyKykHwpfrsKd;tm;jzifh ESpfrsKd;&Sd\/ (y&Hrkc0duyÜemrSmwpfrsKd;wnf;om &Sdonf/)

teD;&Sdoltm; or®Kc0duyÜemjyKykH

ouFef;&Sifu OK;wdótm; ay;vdkvQif OK;wdóxH csOf;uyfíouFef;wpfxnfudk udkifí jzpfapç teD;ü csíjzpfap ]]£rH pD0&H wk,SH0duayÜrd}}[k qdkyg/ trsm;ü ]]£rmed pD0&med wk,SH 0duayÜrd}}[kqdk/ouFef;u teD;rSm r&SdvQif ta0;&Sd&mudk ajymjyí (Oyrm-rEÅav;aecdkuf ouFef;u ppfudkif;rSm &SdvQif ppfudkif;NrdKU rnfonfhae&mrSmrnfonfh ouFef;&Sdygonf[k ajymjyí) ]]{wH pD0&H wk,SH 0duayÜrd}}[kqdkyg/ trsm;jzpfu - ]]{wmed pD0&med wk,SH 0duayÜrd}}[k ajymif;íqdkyg/


£rH pD0&H = þ ouFef;udk/ {wH pD0&H = (ppfudkif;ü &Sdaom) xdkouFef;udk/ wk,SH = oifhtm; (0denf;"dk&fu tBuD;jzpfthH? wk,SH =t&Sifbk&m;tm;) 0duayÜrd = 0duyÜemjyKyg\/ (0g) rdrdOpömtjzpfrSuif;atmif jyKyg\/

þenf;jzifh 0duyÜemjyKNyD;aomtcg xdkouFef;udk rdrdae&mü jyef,lodrf;xm;½kHum; odrf;xm;cGifh&\/ edó*¾d rxdkufawmhay/ odkYaomf rdrduOK;wdótm; ay;xm;í OK;wdó\ ypönf;jzpfoGm;aomaMumifh rdrd-udk,fwdkif 0wf½kHjcif;ç wpfqifhay;vSLjcif; ponfudkum; jyKydkifcGifh r&Sdao;-acs/ tu,fí okH;pGJvQif þodu©myk'ft& ygpdwftmywf oifhonf/xdkYaMumifh OK;wdóu ypöK'¨dK&f jyK&OD;rnf/ (0g) 0duyÜem jyef&OD;rnf/

ypöK'¨K&fjyKykH (0g) 0duyÜemjyefykH

]]r,SH oEÅuH y&dbkÍÆ 0g 0dóaZÆ[d 0g ,xmypö,H ua&m[d}}]]r,SH oEÅuH y&dbkÍÆ 0g 0dóaZÆ[d 0g ,xmypö,H ua&m[d}}]]r,SH oEÅuH y&dbkÍÆ 0g 0dóaZÆ[d 0g ,xmypö,H ua&m[d}}]]r,SH oEÅuH y&dbkÍÆ 0g 0dóaZÆ[d 0g ,xmypö,H ua&m[d}}]]r,SH oEÅuH y&dbkÍÆ 0g 0dóaZÆ[d 0g ,xmypö,H ua&m[d}}trsm;ü ]r,SH oEÅumed}]r,SH oEÅumed}]r,SH oEÅumed}]r,SH oEÅumed}]r,SH oEÅumed}[k qdk/ (teD; ta0; txl;r&Sd/) 0duyÜemjyKaom&[ef;u rdrdxuf 0gBuD;thH/ ]]r,SH oEÅuH y&dbkÍÆx 0g 0dóZÆx 0g,xmypö,H ua&mx}}[k av;pm;aomtm;jzifh A[k0kpfjzifh qdk&\/

r,SH = ig\/ (0g) (wynfhawmf\/) oEÅuH = Opömjzpfaom ouFef;udk/ (oEÅumed = ouFef;wdkYudk/) y&dbkÍÆ 0g = okH;aqmifrlvnf; okH;-aqmifygavmh/ 0dóaZÆ[d 0g = pGefYrlvnf; pGefYygavmh/ ,xmypö,H =taMumif;tm;avsmfpGm/ (0g) tvdk&Sdovdk/ ua&m[d = jyKygavmh/ þodkYypöK'¨dK&f jyKNyD;aomtcg xdkouFef;udk rlvouFef;&Sifu tvdk&SdovdkjyKEkdifNyD/

ta0;&Sdoltm; or®Kc0duyÜemjyKykH

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emrnfukd avQmufxm;NyD;aemuf (Oyrm-rnfonfht&yfü aeol OD;wdótm;) 0duyÜem jyKay;vkdygonf[k avQmufxm;NyD;aemuf -

]]£rH pD0&H wdóó bdu©Kaem 0duayÜrd}}[k qkdí 0duyÜemjyK&rnf/

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y&Hrkc0duyÜemjyKykH

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]]t[H £rH pD0&H wdóó bdu©Kaem 0duayÜrd}}[k qkdí 0duyÜemjyK&rnf/ xkdYaemuf 0denf;"kd&fuyif ]]wdóó oEÅuH y&dbkÍÆ 0g0dóaZÆ[d 0g ,xmypö,H ua&m[d}}[k qkdí ypöK'¨dK&fjyKay;&rnf/bdu¨KeD omraPponftm; ay;vkdvQif ]]wdóm, bdu©Ked,mçwdóó omraP&ó}}ponfjzifh tvkd&Sd&m oDwif;okH;azmf\ emrnfukd xnfhí qkdyg/

or®Kc0duyÜemESifh y&r®Kc0duyÜem txl;

ukd,fwkdif 0duyÜemjyKí 0denf;"kd&fu ypöK'¨dK&fjyefonfum; or®Kc-or®Kc-or®Kc-or®Kc-or®Kc-0duyÜem0duyÜem0duyÜem0duyÜem0duyÜem rnf\/ 0denf;"dk&fu 0duyÜem jyKay;í 0denf;"dk&fuyif ypöK'dK&fjyefonfum; y&r®Kc0duyÜemy&r®Kc0duyÜemy&r®Kc0duyÜemy&r®Kc0duyÜemy&r®Kc0duyÜem rnf\/ þum; txl;wnf;/


'kwd,uxde (ac:) Oa'godwodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

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wdpD0&duffouFef;ESifh nOfhuif;jcif;

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wdpD0&dufouFef;xm;&m t&yfrsm;

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wdpD0&dufESifh uif;í rae&onfh Xmersm;

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ausmif;wkdufü xm;jcif;

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edó*¾drxdkufapenf;

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nOfhuif;ouFef; teD;pGefYykH

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zdwfxm;yHktrsKd;rsKd;

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y0ga&wGmyd t'gwkumarm ty0g&dw|mae wd|wd/ (om&w¬#Dum)

tmV0Dwdkif;om;&[ef;rsm; tawmif;t&rf;rsm;rI

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edó*¾dxdkufaom ouFef;pGefYyHk

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tu,fí jrefrmvkd pGefYvkdygu -

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bk&m;tm;) pGefYyg\}}[k qdkí pGefY&onf/

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wwkwå&dodu©myk'f

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yxrOyu©# odu©myk'f

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ykaAÁ tyÜ0g&dawm

t&Sifbk&m; ouFef;tvkd&Sdu rdefYawmfrlyg/ t&Sifbk&m;tm; ouFef;vSLygtHh/ t&Sifbk&m;onf tb,fouFef;ukd tvdk&Sdygoenf;/ tb,f-okdYaom ouFef;rsKd;ukd 0,fvSL&ygtHhenf;[k a&S;tzkdYü ar;jref;jcif;avQmufxm;jcif;ukd qkdonf/ xkdouFef;ukd vSLrnfh tvSL&Sif\ tzdwfukda&S;u rcH&zl;aom &[ef;wnf;/

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{0½lyH 0g {0½lyH 0g

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pD0a& 0duyÜH tmyaZÆ,s

0d = 0d = 0d = 0d = 0d = xl;aom/ uyÜ =uyÜ =uyÜ =uyÜ =uyÜ = jyKpDrHjcif;/ rlv&nf&G,fxm;aom ouFef;-


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0óduom#du odu©myk'f

(0ódu =0ódu =0ódu =0ódu =0ódu = rkd;tcg 0wftyfaom/ om#du = om#du = om#du = om#du = om#du = t0wfouFef;/)

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rkd;a&cHouFef; yrmP

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ouFef;[kqkdaomfvnf; qkd;&nfjzifh yuwdouFef;a&mifxGuf-


atmif qkd;rS r[kwf? qifpG,fa&mifuJhokdY cyf0g0g ta&mifxGuf½kHrQwpfBudrfavmuf qkd;vQifyif 0wfaumif;NyD;[k rSwfyg/ þouFef;yrmP-xuf vGefvQifum; ok'¨ygpdwfwnf;/

rkd;a&cHouFef;ESifh pyfí - 1/ y&da,oe = y&da,oe = y&da,oe = y&da,oe = y&da,oe = ouFef;&SmrSD;&m umv?2/ u&P =2/ u&P =2/ u&P =2/ u&P =2/ u&P = csKyfqkd;cGifh umv? 3/ ed0goe = 3/ ed0goe = 3/ ed0goe = 3/ ed0goe = 3/ ed0goe = 0wfcGifhumv? 4/ t"d-4/ t"d-4/ t"d-4/ t"d-4/ t"d-|me =|me =|me =|me =|me = t"d|mefwifcGifhumv[k umvav;rsKd; ykdif;jcm;xm;ygonf/

1/ e,kefvjynfhrSpí xkdvuG,ftxd (14)&ufonf rkd;a&cHouFef;ukd&Sm½kHom tcGifh&aom y&da,oeumvy&da,oeumvy&da,oeumvy&da,oeumvy&da,oeumvwnf;/

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xyfrHí tusOf;csKyf rSwf&ef

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ydwfwkdzsifp (11) v t"d|mef 0duyÜemrjyKbJ xm;cGifh&

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pD0&tpädE´e odu©myk'f

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(trSm) okwå0dnwådodu©myk'fESifh r[mayoum&odu©myk'fwkdY od-omxif&Sm;í ra&;awmhNyD? qkdif&m odu©myk'fom Munfhygav/

tapöupD0& odu©myk'f

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tapöuouFef; taqmwvsif vSLykH

1/ c&D;oGm;rnfhol? 2/ ukd,f0ef&Sdol? 3/ rusef;rmol? 4/ w&m;em&-jcif; ponfaMumifh ½kwfw&uf o'¨gw&m;jzpfol? þwpfOD;OD;onf]]0óm0goduH 'ómrd}} -]]0óm0goduH 'ómrd}} -]]0óm0goduH 'ómrd}} -]]0óm0goduH 'ómrd}} -]]0óm0goduH 'ómrd}} - 0gqkdouFef; uyfvSLvkdygonf[k ta&;-wBuD; yifhíjzpfap? ukd,fwkdifvmNyD;vQif ]]0óm0goduH 'r®d}} ]]0óm0goduH 'r®d}} ]]0óm0goduH 'r®d}} ]]0óm0goduH 'r®d}} ]]0óm0goduH 'r®d}} - ]]0gqkd-ouFef; uyfvSLyg\}}[k avQmufíjzpfap vSLtyfaom ouFef;ukdtapöuouFef;[k ac:onf/

þtvSL&Sifrsm;wGif txuf (3)rsKd;um; touftwGuf pkd;&drfjcif;ponfaMumifh vSLjcif;jzpfNyD; aemufqkH;wpfrsKd;rSm xl;jcm;pGm jzpfay:-vmaom o'¨gw&m;aMumifh vSLjcif; jzpfonf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) oGm;ç emç 0efç opf? 0gqkd jzpf? pifppf tapöu/c&D;oGm;rnfç *AÇdeDESifhç rtDrusef;ç o'¨gpGrf;aMumifhç &[ef;xH-&if;ç ½kwfcsif;yifhumç vmwefvmíç 0óm0godç 'ómrd[kçqkdbd vSL'gef;ç xkdouFef;ç ac:rSef; tapöu/


0gqkdouFef;

]0óm0godu}yk'f\ teufukd ]0gqkdouFef;}[k jrefrmjyefMu\/,ckumvüvnf; 0grqkdcif ]0gqkdouFef;} [k ac:vsuf ouFef;uyf-Mu\/ usrf;*efvm 0óm0goduouFef;um; 0gwGif;ü 0guyfaeaom&[ef;oHCmtm; vSLtyfaom ouFef; jzpfonf/ xkd0óm0godupD0&-onf tapöupD0&ç tapöu r[kwfaom pD0&[k (2)rsKd; vm&Sd&m 0óm-0godu tapöupD0&om þodu©myk'fESifh qkdifonf/ 0óm0godu jzpf-aomfvnf; tapöu r[kwfvQifç tapöu [kwfaomfvnf; 0óm0god-u r[kwfvQif xkd(2)rsKd;vkH; [kwfapumrl oDwif;uRwfvqef; (5)&ufrSvjynfhtwGif; r[kwfvQif þodu©myk'fESifh rqkdif[k rSwfyg/

]0óm0goduH 'ómrd}[k avQmufí vSL&mü 0óm0godu[l-onf 0gwGif;ü 0guyfaeaom oHCmç *kdPf;ç yk*¾dKvftm; vSL'gef;tyf-aom ouFef;wnf;/ xkdYaMumifh oHCmç *kdPf;tm; xkdtapöu vSL&müoHCmrS (okdYr[kwf) *kdPf;rS a0pk&íjzpfapç rdrdtm; yk*¾vdu wkduf½kdufvSLonfjzpfap wpfenfenf;jzifh &jcif;ukd OyÜaZÆ,s-[k qkdonf/

xkdokdY &&mü oDwif;uRwfvqef; (5)&ufrwkdifrD &aom tapöuouFef;twGuf þodu©myk'fu txl; vGwfvyfcGifh ray;Ekdif? trsm;-ouFef;xkH;pHtwkdif; yxruxdeodu©myk'ft& q,f&ufrvGefcif t"d-|mef 0duyÜem oifh&m jyKxm;&rnf/

vGwfvyfcGifh wpf&uf ykd&ykH

oDwif;uRwfvqef; (5)&ufaeYü &tyfaom tapöuouFef;twGufom þodu©myk'ft& vGwfvyfcGifh wpf&uf ykd&onf/ wpf&ufykdí xm;cGifh&jcif;onf þtapöu 0óm0goduouFef;tzkdY xl;jcm;ykHwnf;/ xkdoDwif;uRwfvqef; (5)&ufaeYü 0óm0godu ouFef;ukdyif&apumrl tapöu r[kwfvQif (jznf;jznf;oufom ½kd;&m vSLaeus


vSL'gef;aom ouFef;jzpfvQif) þtapmifhta&Smuf r&? vjynfhaeYnt½kPfwufvQif edó*¾djzpfrnf/ vqef; (6)&ufrS pí &aom ouFef;-rsm;um; tapöuouFef; [kwf[kwfçr[kwf[kwf (11)&ufajrmuf t½kPfrSm ouFef;xm;cGifh&aom ouFef;umvjzpfí t½kPfwufaomaMumifhtm;vkH;ouFef;rsm; edó*¾d rjzpfEkdif/

xkdYaMumifh þodu©myk'fonf yxruxdeodu©myk'f cGifhjyKcsuf(10)t½kPfxuf vqef; (5)&ufaeYü &aomouFef;twGuf vqef;(5)&uf[laom wpf&uf ykdíxm;cGifh&aomaMumifh yxruxde odu©m-yk'f\ tEkynwfozG,f jzpfonf[k qkdMuonf/

omouFodu©myk'f

awmausmif;üjzpfapç &Gmausmif;üjzpfap yk&dr0guyfí rusKd;rjywfaeNyD;aemuf oDwif;uRwfvjynfhaeYü y0g&PmjyKNyD;vQif oDwif;uRwfvjynfhausmf wpf&ufaeYrS wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhaeYtxd wpfvvkH;vkH;omouFç oyÜ#db,jzpfaom awmausmif;üaeaom &[ef;onfouFef;okH;xnfwGif wpfxnfxnfukd teD;tyg; qGrf;cH&Gmü xm;vkdvQifxm;Edkif\/ (xkdouFef;ESifh wpfvvkH; nOfhuif;aeaomfvnf; teD;tem;qGrf;cH&GmrSmyif ouFef;&SdaeaomaMumifh nOfhuif;&m ra&muf? edó*¾drxkduf[lvkd) xkdYjyif xkdaejrJaom ausmif;ü tjcm;ausmif;okdY udpö&SdíoGm;&onfhtwGuf xkdouFef;ESifh vkH;vkH; uif;aecGifh MuHKjyefvQif (6)nOfh-txd uif;aecGifh &Sd\/ or®Kwd&ol r[kwfbJ xkd (6)nOfhxuf ykdínOfhuif; rae&? nOfhuif;aevQif edó*¾dxkdufonf/

ouFef;xm;cGifh t*Fg (4) yg;ouFef;xm;cGifh t*Fg (4) yg;ouFef;xm;cGifh t*Fg (4) yg;ouFef;xm;cGifh t*Fg (4) yg;ouFef;xm;cGifh t*Fg (4) yg;

1/ Oy0óH-t& yk&dr0guRwfol jzpfjcif;? 2/ uwåduykPÖrH-t&wefaqmifrkef;vjzpfjcif;? 3/ t&numed-t& av;tjyefig;&m a0;-aom awmausmif;jzpfjcif;? 4/ omouFor®wmed oyÜ#db,med-t&


ckd;olwkdY oGm;vmaexkdif&mrsm;awGUí xkdckd;olwkdY ouFef;ukd ckd;,ljcif;?ckd;,lvdrfhrnf[k ,kHrSm;oHo, jzpfzG,f &Sdjcif;? ckd;olwkdY vk,uf½kdufESufykwfcwfowfjzwfxm;onfukd awGU&ojzifh ab;tEÅ&m,f&Sdaeaomausmif; jzpfjcif;? þt*Fgav;yg;pkHrS qGrf;cH&GmwGif;ü ouFef;xm;íxkdouFef;ESifh nOfhuif;aecGifh &onf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) 0gyk&dr uRwfNyD;rSvQif1 vwefaqmifrkef;2 enf;xkH;use awm&ausmif;wGif3 omoif oyÜ#d4 av;tif jynfhrl? rdrdqGrf;cH &yf&GmxH?xm;&efcGifhjyKonf/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) wefaqmifrkef;[lonf jrefrmjyu©'defvESifh rwlyg/ oDwif;-uRwfvjynfhausmf (1)&ufrS wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhaeYtxd-wnf;/ rZÑdra'oxkH;pHrSm aumif;uifu v0ef;BuD; jynfh-vQif ac:a0:aeus a0g[m& rmovnf; jynfhawmhonf/wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf wpf&ufrSpí ouFef;xm;cGifhr&awmhNyD/

jrefrmEkdifiH tcsKdUt&yfa'oü ]yef;xkd;umv}ac:aom wefaqmif-rkef;vjynfh0,f taysmfwrf; upm;MuouJhokdY xkdYtwl oDwif;uRwf-vjynfhausmfwpf&ufrS wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhtwGif;0,f uwåduapm&uwåduapm&uwåduapm&uwåduapm&uwåduapm&ac:aom taysmfwrf;olckd;awG tvGef aygrsm;wwf\/ xdkYaMumifhxdkwpfvtwGif;ü ouFef;udk qGrf;cH&GmwGif;ü xm;í nOfhuif;cGifhay;awmfrlonf/ xdkodkY nOfhuif;aeaomfvnf; rdrdouFef; aysmufysufraysmufysufudkum; aeYpOfodzdkY ta&;BuD;aomaMumifh rdrdqGrf;cHaeus&Gmüom xm;cGifhjyKawmfrIonf/ xdkYaMumifh xdkouFef;xm;cGifh&aom&Gmonf awmausmif;yDyD av;tjyef ig;&matmufvnf; reD;ap&? qGrf;cHoGm;Ekdif jyefEkdifavmufatmif wpf*g0kwfxufvnf; ra0;ap&[k qdkMu-onf/


av;q&mwdkYav;um; nd§KUrwifbJxm;vQif av;awmifxGm &dS\/nd§KUwifxm;vQifum; av;awmif &Sd\/ nd§KUwifxm;NyD;aom av;jzifhtjyefig;&m? tawmiftm;jzifh (2000) a0;onf[k rSwf? t&H&dSaom&GmjzpftHh jcHpnf;½dkrS pí? t&Hr&dSaom &GmjzpftH ]C½lypm&u} cJwpfusrSpí wdkif;wm&rnf jzpfonf/

(aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) ukvav;wm? jyefig;&m? a0;uGm &num/

(rSwfcsuf) oDwif;uRwfvjynfhausmf (1)&ufaeYrS wefaqmifrkef;vjynfhaeYtxdonf ouFef;umv jzpf\/ xdk ouFef;umv-üyif ouFef;ESifh nOfhuif;aecGifhudk awmausmif;bkef;BuD;-rsm;twGuf oD;jcm; cGifhjyKawmfrlcsufudk axmufí tjcm;yk*d¾Kvfrsm;rSm uxdeftmedoif r&vQif ouFef;umv jzpfapumrl wdpD0&duft"d|mefwiftyfaom ouFef;ESifh nOfhruif;aumif;[k odomxif&Sm;onf/

edó*¾dxdkufyHkedó*¾dxdkufyHkedó*¾dxdkufyHkedó*¾dxdkufyHkedó*¾dxdkufyHk

qdkcJhNyD;onfhtwdkif; (6)nOfhxufum; tjcm;rSm aeaomtm;jzifhnOfhruif;&awmhacs/ rdrd tjrJae&m awmausmif;odkY jyefEdkifvQif jyef-vmcJh&rnf/ awmausmif;onf ouFef;xm;&m&Gm\ ta&SUbufü &dS\?udpö&dSí oGm;aomt&yfum; &Gmtaemufbufü&dS&m udpövnf; rNyD;-ao;ojzifh rlvausmif;a&mufatmif rjyefEdkifao;aomf ouFef;-xm;&m&GmodkY a&muf&dSvmí oifhavsmfaom ae&mü aevsuf (7)&uf-ajrmuft½kPfudk wufapum rdrdouFef;\ owif;udk em;axmifNyD;rSouFef;\ tajctaeukd odNyD;rS rdrdudpö rNyD;ao;&mt&yfodkY jyefoGm;-&rnf/ xdkuJhodkY rwwfEdkifvQif ouFef;udk ypöK'dK&fjyKí t"d|mefcsívnf;tmywfroifhatmif pDrHEdkifao;\/ xdkodkY rjyKbJ or®Kwd&olvnf;r[kwfbJ (7)&ufajrmuft½kPfudk wjcm;t&yfrSm wufapvQif xdkouFef; edó*¾dxkduf\/


t*Fg (4) yg;t*Fg (4) yg;t*Fg (4) yg;t*Fg (4) yg;t*Fg (4) yg; - 1/ wdpD0&duf t"d|mefwifxm;tyfNyD;aomouFef;jzpfjcif;? 2/ uxdefrcif;jcif; (cif;aomfvnf; EkwfNyD;jcif;)? 3/ t0dyÜ0go-or®Kwd r&jcif;? 4/ ajcmufnOfhxufydkí nOfhuif;jcif;? þt*Fg (4)yg;nDvQif edó*¾dxdkuf\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) "d|mefwifvpf? ouFef;jzpfom;1? pifppfuxdef cif;rBudrfwnf;2?emcsdefor®Kwd r&&dSbJ1? ajcmufnOfht½kPf uif;aewkH[k4? aMumif;pHk av;vD? t*FgnD? oifhNyD omouF/

y&dPwodu©myk'f

oHCmü ñTwfaptyfNyD;[k odaom oHCduvmbfudk rdrdodkY ñTwf-apvQif edó*d¾ygpdwfoifh\/ oHCó oEÅaum oHCdaum oHCó oEÅaum oHCdaum oHCó oEÅaum oHCdaum oHCó oEÅaum oHCdaum oHCó oEÅaum oHCdaum = oHCm\Opömjzpfaom ouFef;paom ypönf;av;yg;wnf;/ t,kwfqHk;tm;jzifh'efyl rdpäm csnfrQifpaom ypönf;rsm;wnf;/ vbdwaAÁmwd vmabm vbdwaAÁmwd vmabm vbdwaAÁmwd vmabm vbdwaAÁmwd vmabm vbdwaAÁmwd vmabm =&tyf&xdkufaom ouFef;paom vmbfwnf;/ xdkypönf;rsKd;udk rnfonfhausmif;wdkuf oHCmtm; vSLrnfç oHCmtwGuf aqmufvkyfrnfponfjzifh tvSL&Sifu EIwf>rufajymzl;vQif odkYr[kwf vuf&dyfjzifhjyzl;vQif ]y&dPw}rnf\/ xdkodkY EIwf>ruf ajymqdkzl;onfrSpí oHCm-vufodkY ra&mufao;aomfvnf; oHCdu[k qdk&awmhonf/

twåaem y&dPmar,s twåaem y&dPmar,s twåaem y&dPmar,s twåaem y&dPmar,s twåaem y&dPmar,s - ]]þouFef;paom 0w¬Kudk ightm; vSLMu-ukefavmh}} ponfjzifh ajymqdkjcif;udk qdkonf/ txl;um; oHCmtm;vSLxm;NyD;aom 0w¬Kudkum; ,ljcif;iSm rtyf? oHCmtm;om jyefay;-tyf\? jyefray;u b@mpm;xdkuf\[k od/

oHCmtm; rvSL&ao; ñTwf½HkñTwfNyD;aom vmbfudk oDwif;oHk;-azmfig;a,mufwdkY\ Opömjzpfapç vlwdkY\ Opömyifjzpfapç t,kwfqHk;rdcif\ Opömyifjzpfap rdrdodkY ñTwfaptHhç ya,m*wdkif; 'kuú#f? &aomfedó*d¾xdkuf\/


ñTwfjcif; (9) rsKd;

þrnfaom oHCmtm; ñTwfxm;aom 0w¬Kudk tjcm;wpfyg;aomoHCmtm;ç apwDtm;ç yk*d¾Kvftm; ñTwfapjcif;[k (3)rsKd;? þrnfaomapwDtm; ñTwfxm;aom 0w¬Kudk wjcm;wpfyg;aom apwDç oHCmçyk*d¾Kvftm; ñTwfapjcif;[k (3)rsKd;? þrnfaom yk*¾dKvftm; ñTwfxm;aom 0w¬Kudk wjcm;wpfyg;aom ykk*d¾Kvfç oHCmç apwDtm; ñTwfapjcif;(3)rsKd;[k aygif; (9)rsKd; jym;\/ xdkwGif oHCmtm; &nfí ñTwfxm;onf-udk rdrdtm; ñTwfaptHh edó*d¾ygpdwf? yk*d¾Kvftm; ñTwfaptHh ok'ygpdwf(odu©myk'f oD;jcm;&dSonf)? <uif;&Spfyg; ñTwfap&mü 'kuú#f? vSLolESifhcH,lol tjypfr&dS? cdkif;olom tjypf&dSonf/ rnfonfhae&mü vSLoifhyg-oenf;[k wdkifyifvmvQifum; rdrdoabmtwdkif; ñTefjyaumif;\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) apwDç oHCmç yk*¾vm? þrSm vSLrnfñTwf/

ñTwf&mrSm jcm;? vSLcdkif;jim;? udk;yg; jym;[krSwf/

oHCmñTwfxm; rdrdtm;? ñTwfjim; edó*¾wf/

wpfyg;yk*¾v ñTwfapu? ok'¨ygpdwfrSwf/

t<uif; &Spfyg;? 'kuú#fMum;? cGJjcm; odaptyf/

vSLolcHol? jypfrrl? cdkif;oll tjypfuyf/

ywåodu©myk'f

t"d|mef 0duyÜemavmufaom udk,fydkifajroydwf oHoydwfudkt"d|mefrwif 0duyÜemrjyKbJ q,f&ufxuf ydkvGefí rxm;&? xm;vQifywåedó*d¾ygpdwftmywf oifh\/

ODeyÍöAE¨eodu©myk'f

rdrdü ig;zGJUjynfhatmif rtufuGJ raygufao;aom oydwf&SdaevsufaqGrsKd;rawmf rzdwfMum;xm;aom olwdkYxHrS oydwfopfudk rawmif;&?


awmif;í&vQif ODeyÍöAE¨e edó*d¾ygpdwftmywfoifh\/

t"d|mefç 0duyÜemavmufaom oydwf

t&G,fyrmPESifh tqif;ta&mifrnf;arSmifí vHkavmufaomajroydwf oHoydwf ESpfrsKd;om oydwftppfjzpfí t"d|mef 0duyÜemavmufonf/ xdkESpfrsKd;wGif ajroydwfjzpfvQif (2)Budrfç oHoydwfjzpfvQif (5)Budrf rD;zkwf&rnf[k t|uxmü qdk\/ oydwf (9)vHk;wGifOuú|Kuú|Ouú|Kuú|Ouú|Kuú|Ouú|Kuú|Ouú|Kuú| tBuD;qHk;oydwfESifh MoraumruMoraumruMoraumruMoraumruMoraumru ti,fqHk;oydwf (2)vHk;-wdkYudk y,fí usef(7)vHk;wdkYonf t"d|mef 0duyÜemjyK&ef oydwft&m-0ifrsm;[k rSwfyg/

oydwf (9) vHk;

Ouú|oydwfç rZÑdroydwfç Moruoydwf[k rlvoydwf (3)rsKd; jym;-\/ xkdwGif Ouú|üvnf; Ouú|Kuú| (Ouú|xuf BuD;aom)oydwf?Ouú|oydwf? Ouúa|mru (Ouú|atmuf i,faom) oydwf - tm;jzifh(3)vHk; jym;jyef\/ Moruoydwfüvnf; MoruOuú|ç Moruç Mor-aumru[k (3)vHk; jym;\/ þodkY oydwf (9)vHk; jym;onf/

Moruoydwf

Moraum emr yawåm yaw¬m'eH pwkbm*H cg'eH w'kyd,H AsÍÆeHMoraum emr yawåm yaw¬m'eH pwkbm*H cg'eH w'kyd,H AsÍÆeHMoraum emr yawåm yaw¬m'eH pwkbm*H cg'eH w'kyd,H AsÍÆeHMoraum emr yawåm yaw¬m'eH pwkbm*H cg'eH w'kyd,H AsÍÆeHMoraum emr yawåm yaw¬m'eH pwkbm*H cg'eH w'kyd,H AsÍÆeH*PSmwd/*PSmwd/*PSmwd/*PSmwd/*PSmwd/

Moraum emr yawåmMoraum emr yawåmMoraum emr yawåmMoraum emr yawåmMoraum emr yawåm = Moru oydwfrnfonf/ yaw¬m'eH yaw¬m'eH yaw¬m'eH yaw¬m'eH yaw¬m'eH =qefwpfpv,fcsuf xuf0ufwufaom xrif;udkvnf;aumif;/ pwk-pwk-pwk-pwk-pwk-bm*bm*bm*bm*bm*H = av;zdkYwpfzdkY jzpfaom/ cg'eH cg'eH cg'eH cg'eH cg'eH = rusJrjypf vufaumfíjzpfaomyJ[if;udkvnf;aumif;/ w'kyd,w'kyd,w'kyd,w'kyd,w'kyd,H = xdkxrif;ESifh tvkwfwdkif; ygavmuf-atmif oifhawmfaom/ AsÍÆeH AsÍÆeH AsÍÆeH AsÍÆeH AsÍÆeH = trJom;ç ig; wpfyg;yg;aom [if;vsm-udkvnf;aumif;/ *PSmwd*PSmwd*PSmwd*PSmwd*PSmwd = ,lEkdif\/ (0g) qHh\/


qefwpfpv,fudk csufvQif qefxuf xrif;u ESpfqyGm;aom-aMumifh xrif;ESpfpv,f (wpfcGuf) jzpf\/ xdk\ av;zdkYwpfzdkY yJ[if;uwpfvr,f? [if;vsm vufokwf trJ om;ig;u wpfvr,f xnfh&rnf-jzpfaomaMumifh csufNyD;xrif;[if;tpHk oHk;pv,fqHhaom oydwfonfMoruoydwfrnf\/

xdkoHk;pv,fudk oydwfxJodkY xnfhaomtcg a[mufaevQifMoruoydwfxuf tenf;i,fBuD;aom Morukuú|oydwfwnf;/ oHk;p-v,f xnfhaomtcg oydwftay: armufwufvmvQif Moruatmufi,faom Moraumruoydwfrnf\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf wpf-a,mufpm aumif;aumif;qHhonfh Moruoydwfudk cGifhjyKawmfrlaomaMumifh þti,fqHk; aemufqHk; Moraumruoydwfonf oydwft&mr0if? t"d|mef 0duyÜem jyKp&m r[kwf? omrefpm;cGuftjzpfjzifhomtoHk;jyK&rnf/

rZÑdroydwf

Moruoydwfxuf ESpfq0ifaom rZÑdroydwfonf qefwpfcGuf(av;Al;)udk csuf&aom xrif;wpfjynf yJ[if;wpfpv,f [if;vsmwpfpv,f aygif; wpfjynfwpfcGuf (oHk;cGuf) 0if\/ xdk wpfjynfwpfcGuf(oHk;cGuf)oydwfxJ xnfhaomtcg a[mufaevQif rZÑdrkuú|rZÑdrkuú|rZÑdrkuú|rZÑdrkuú|rZÑdrkuú|ç armufae-vQif rZÑdarmrurZÑdarmrurZÑdarmrurZÑdarmrurZÑdarmruoydwfjzpfonf

Ouú|oydwfOuú|oydwfOuú|oydwfOuú|oydwfOuú|oydwf

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(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) okH;jynf okH;cGuf? okH;pv,fwGuf? qGrf;usuf[if;pkHcwf? Ouú|çrZÑdrç Moruç 0ifMu pOfwkdif;rSwf/

oydwft"d|mefwifykHoydwft"d|mefwifykHoydwft"d|mefwifykHoydwft"d|mefwifykHoydwft"d|mefwifykH

]]£rH ywåH t"d|mrd}}]]£rH ywåH t"d|mrd}}]]£rH ywåH t"d|mrd}}]]£rH ywåH t"d|mrd}}]]£rH ywåH t"d|mrd}}[k qkdí oydwfukd t"d|mefwif/ £rH£rH£rH£rH£rH = þcGufukd/ ywåHywåHywåHywåHywåH = oydwf[lí/ t"d|mrdt"d|mrdt"d|mrdt"d|mrdt"d|mrd = pdwfüjrJpGm aqmufwnfyg\/ta0;rSm&SdvQi f ]]{wH ywåH t"d|mrd}}]]{wH ywåH t"d|mrd}}]]{wH ywåH t"d|mrd}}]]{wH ywåH t"d|mrd}}]]{wH ywåH t"d|mrd}}[k qkd/ wpfvkH;om t"d|mefwifxm;aumif;\/ tjcm;oydwfrsm;&Sdao;vQif 0duyÜemcsnf; jyKxm;&rnf/t"d|mefrwifbJ oydwftm;vkH;ukdyif (ouFef;uJhokdY) 0duyÜemcsnf;vnf;jyKxm;Ekdif\/

ypöK'dK&fjyKykHypöK'dK&fjyKykHypöK'dK&fjyKykHypöK'dK&fjyKykHypöK'dK&fjyKykH

oydwfa[mif;ukd t"d|mefwifí aqmifxm;aom &[ef;onfoydwfopf&ojzifh xkdtopfukd t"d|mefwifvkdvQif t"d|mefwifíwpfvkH;om xm;aumif;aomaMumifh oydwfta[mif;ukd ypöK'dK&f jyK&-rnf/ ]]£rH ywåH ypöK'¨&mrd}}]]£rH ywåH ypöK'¨&mrd}}]]£rH ywåH ypöK'¨&mrd}}]]£rH ywåH ypöK'¨&mrd}}]]£rH ywåH ypöK'¨&mrd}}[k qkd/ £rH £rH £rH £rH £rH = þcGufukd/ ywåH ywåH ywåH ywåH ywåH = oydwfukd/(0g) oydwftjzpfrS/ ypöK'¨&mrd ypöK'¨&mrd ypöK'¨&mrd ypöK'¨&mrd ypöK'¨&mrd = ½kyfodrf;yg\/ þokdY ypöK'¨dK&fjyKNyD;aomoydwfukdvnf; q,f&uftwGif;rSmyif 0duyÜemjyKxm;&rnf/

edó*¾doydwf pGefYykHedó*¾doydwf pGefYykHedó*¾doydwf pGefYykHedó*¾doydwf pGefYykHedó*¾doydwf pGefYykH

t"d|mefrwif 0duyÜemvnf;rjyKbJ q,f&ufvGefoGm;vQif edó*¾d-ouFef;ukd pGefYonfhtwkdif; pGefY&rnf/ ykv’difjzpfí -- t,H ar baEÅt,H ar baEÅt,H ar baEÅt,H ar baEÅt,H ar baEÅyawåm 'o[mwduúaEÅm edó*¾da,m? £rm[H tm,o®awm edóZÆmrdyawåm 'o[mwduúaEÅm edó*¾da,m? £rm[H tm,o®awm edóZÆmrdyawåm 'o[mwduúaEÅm edó*¾da,m? £rm[H tm,o®awm edóZÆmrdyawåm 'o[mwduúaEÅm edó*¾da,m? £rm[H tm,o®awm edóZÆmrdyawåm 'o[mwduúaEÅm edó*¾da,m? £rm[H tm,o®awm edóZÆmrd[k qdk½kHom/ a'oemajymNyD;aemuf xdkoydwfudk vufcHolu (ouFef;-


uJhodkY) jyefay;í &aomtcg t"d|mefaomfvnf;wif odkYr[kwf 0duyÜem-aomfvnf; jyK&rnf/

ODeyÍöAE¨eoydwfpGefYykH tpDtpOf

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oHCmtpnf;ta0;rSm ajymykHoHCmtpnf;ta0;rSm ajymykHoHCmtpnf;ta0;rSm ajymykHoHCmtpnf;ta0;rSm ajymykHoHCmtpnf;ta0;rSm ajymykH

xdkpGefYtyfaom oydwfudk ywå*¾g[or®Kwd&aom &[ef;u ¤if;-oydwfudk ,lí oydwf\ aumif;aMumif;*kPfaus;Zl;udk ajymNyD;]]t&Sifbk&m; ...þoydwfudk ,lawmfrlyg}}[k tBuD;qkH; rax&fBuD;udkavQmuf&rnf/ rax&fBuD;u xdkoydwfudk rESpfoufíjzpfapç tydpä-*kPf&Sdíjzpfap r,lrl tyf\/ xdkoydwfpGefY&[ef;tm; oem;í r,lrl'kuú#f? tu,fí rax&fBuD;u ,ltHh? rax&fBuD;\ oydwfudk or®Kwd&aom &[ef;u ,lí oydwf\ *kPfaus;Zl;udk ajymí 'kwd,rax&f-tm; ,l&ef avQmufxm;&rnf/ þenf;twdkif; aemufqkH;oydwfudk&[ef;i,fuav;wdkifatmif ,l&ef ajymMum;&rnf/

ti,fqkH; &[ef;uav;u ,lí <uif;usefaom oydwfum;]ywåy&d,EÅ ]ywåy&d,EÅ ]ywåy&d,EÅ ]ywåy&d,EÅ ]ywåy&d,EÅ = tqkH;pGefaomoydwf} tqkH;pGefaomoydwf} tqkH;pGefaomoydwf} tqkH;pGefaomoydwf} tqkH;pGefaomoydwf} rnf\/ xdktqkH;pGefaom oydwfudkywå*¾g[or®Kwd&aom &[ef;uyif xdkoydwfopfudk tvSLcHaom &[ef;tm; ]]igh&Sif&[ef; ..þoydwfudk uGJonfhwdkifatmif udkifaqmif-&rnf}}[k qdkí ay;&rnf/

oydwfawmif;rdaom &[ef;onf xdk&aom t,kwfqkH;oydwfudkawmif;í&aom oydwfuJhodkY ½dk½dkaoao udkif&rnf/ tu,fí xdkoydwfudk pufqkyfí t&yfwpfyg;odkY ypfvdkuftHhç r½dkrao udkiftHhç


olwpfyg;tm; pGefYtHh 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/

usifh0wfusifh0wfusifh0wfusifh0wfusifh0wf

þoHCmhtv,fü pGefYjcif;ç rax&fBuD;rSpí ,lapjcif;ç t,kwfqkH;oydwfudk xdk&[ef;tm; ay;jcif;ç uGJonfhwdkifatmif udkifapjcif;wdkYum;ig;zGJUrjynfhrD oydwfudk awmif;rd&mü usifh0wfjzpfonf[k oddyg/

AEë t& zGJUwkyfjcif;[lonf ..AEë t& zGJUwkyfjcif;[lonf ..AEë t& zGJUwkyfjcif;[lonf ..AEë t& zGJUwkyfjcif;[lonf ..AEë t& zGJUwkyfjcif;[lonf ..

zGJUwkyfjcif;[lonf uGJtufaeaom oydwfta&;\ 0Jbuf,m-bufudk pl;jzifh azmufí BudK;jzifh zGJUwkyf&jcif;wnf;/ EIwfcrf;rS atmufvufav;opfavmuf tufaMumif;&SdvQif (vufESpfopf wpfzGJUudef;jzifh)ESpfzGJUwkyf? vufajcmufopf &SnfvQif okH;zGJUwkyf? vuf&Spfopf&SnfvQifav;zGJUwkyf? tufaMumif;u wpfae&mwnf; r[kwfbJ (3)ae&m &SdvQif-vnf; ae&mtvdkuf ESpfzGJUç okH;zGJUç av;zGJU zGJUwkyfEkdifonf/ xdkodkY av;zGJUzGJUwkyfNyD;aemuf ESpfvufravmuf ta&;taMumif; &SdaevQif ig;ckajrmuftzGJUudk zGJUwkyfonfjzpfapç rwkyfonfjzpfap t"d|mef 0duyÜemavmuf-aom oydwf r[kwfawmhNyD/ yxr tufuGJuwnf;u ig;zGJU zGJUavmuf-atmif &Snf&Snf (odkYr[kwf) ig;ae&m tufaMumif; xifaevQif vkH;vkH;rzGJUwkyfapumrl oydwft&m r0ifawmhNyD/ þum; ajroydwftwGufwnf;/

tu,fí oHoydwfü tufaMumif;r&Sdç taygufom&SdvQif xdktaygufudk oHrIdjzifhjzpfapç pdkY½dkufíjzpfapç oHjym;t0dkif;uav;jzifh jzpfapzmax;&rnf/ xdkodkYzmax;í nufanmojzihf tmrdo ruyfNidEkdifvQifoydwft&m 0ifygao;onf/ taygufu BuD;aeaomaMumifh jzpfapçrsm;aomaMumifhjzpfap zmax;í rnufanmvQif oydwft&m r0if-awmhNyD/


ajroydwfü ig;zGJY? oHoydwfü zmax;í rajyjypfawmhthH? tmrdouyfNidthH? rtyfaom oydwf jzpf\/ t"d|mef ravmufawmhjyD? wpfyg;aom oydwfudk awmif;aumif;NyD? oydwf[laom a&wGufjcif;odkYa&mufaom oHoydwf? ig;zGJYatmuf ,kwfaom (ig;zGJUrjynfhaom) ajroydwf&Sdaeygvsuf oydwfopfudk tnmwuç ty0g&dwtnmwuç ty0g&dwtnmwuç ty0g&dwtnmwuç ty0g&dwtnmwuç ty0g&dwxH awmif;thH 'kuú#f?&aomf edó*d¾xdkuf\/

tmywfwpf&m oifhykH

tzGJUtwkyf r&SdbJvsuf tyAEëoydwfç {uAEëoydwfç 'GdAEëçwdAEeç pwkAEeç tAEaemumoç {uAEaemumoç 'dGAEaemumoçwdAEaemumoç pwkAEaemumo þodkY tAEe tzGJUtwkyfr&Sdao;-bJvsuf oydwf (10)rsKd;? wpfrsKd;udk awmif;vQif tmywf (10)csufpDoifhEdkifí (10Œ 10 = 100) tmywf (100) oifhEkdifonf[k odygav/

edó*¾doydwf edó*¾doydwf edó*¾doydwf edó*¾doydwf edó*¾doydwf pGefYykH

]]t,H ar baEÅ yawåm ODeyÍöAEäee yawåe apwmydawmedó*¾da,m? £rm[H oHCó edóZÆmrd/}}

]]t&Sifbk&m;wdkY ... wynfhawmfonf ,kwfaom ig;zGJU&Sdaomoydwfjzifh þoydwfudk awmif;tyfrdonfjzpfí edó*¾dxkdufaeyg\/(pGefYxkdufaeyg\/) wynfhawmfonf þoydwfukd oHCmtm; pGefYyg\}}[kqkdí oHCmtpnf;ta0;ü pGefYNyD; pDpOfygav/

t*Fgav;yg; - 1/ t"d|mefavmufaom oydwfjzpfjcif;? 2/ rdrdzkdYjzpfjcif;? 3/ rzdwfzl;olxH awmif;jcif;? 4/ awmif;í&jcif; - [lít*Fgav;yg;wkdYwnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) "d|mefavmufihJ? oydwfuhJvQif? ig;zGJUrjynfh1 rdrdzkdY[k &nf&G,fjyK-om;2 rzdwfolUxH? awmif;cHrdvQif;3 &&Sdjcif;[k4 aMumif;&if;av;vD? t*FgnD? oifhNyD OKeAEë/


ck'´odu©mvm oydwfESifhpyfí rSwfzG,frsm;

65/ ywåH eyÜ#domar,s? aom'uH e p Moway?ywåH eyÜ#domar,s? aom'uH e p Moway?ywåH eyÜ#domar,s? aom'uH e p Moway?ywåH eyÜ#domar,s? aom'uH e p Moway?ywåH eyÜ#domar,s? aom'uH e p Moway?OaPS e ed'a[ blrsH? e Xay aem p v*¾a,/OaPS e ed'a[ blrsH? e Xay aem p v*¾a,/OaPS e ed'a[ blrsH? e Xay aem p v*¾a,/OaPS e ed'a[ blrsH? e Xay aem p v*¾a,/OaPS e ed'a[ blrsH? e Xay aem p v*¾a,/

(ck'´odu©mbmom#Dum?108/)

aom'uH aom'uH aom'uH aom'uH aom'uH = a&ESifhwuGjzpfaom (0g)a&rpifaom/ ywåH ywåH ywåH ywåH ywåH = oydwf-ukd/ eyÜ#domar,s eyÜ#domar,s eyÜ#domar,s eyÜ#domar,s eyÜ#domar,s = rokdrSD; rodrf;qnf;&m/ (aom'uH (aom'uH (aom'uH (aom'uH (aom'uH = a&ESifhwuGjzpfaom (0g) a&rpifaom/ ywåH / ywåH / ywåH / ywåH / ywåH = oydwfukd/))))) e p Moway e p Moway e p Moway e p Moway e p Moway = aevnf;rvSef;&m/ OaPS =OaPS =OaPS =OaPS =OaPS = aeylü/ e ed'a[ e ed'a[ e ed'a[ e ed'a[ e ed'a[ = MumjrifhpGm rxm;&m/ blrsH blrsH blrsH blrsH blrsH =ajray:ü/ e Xay e Xay e Xay e Xay e Xay = tcif;ryg oydwfajc rygbJ rxm;&m/ aem paem paem paem paem pv*¾a,v*¾a,v*¾a,v*¾a,v*¾a, = qifpG,faumuf ponfü csdwfvnf; rcsdwf&m/

66/ rd¹aEÅ y&db@aEÅ? tauF 0g tmwywåau?rd¹aEÅ y&db@aEÅ? tauF 0g tmwywåau?rd¹aEÅ y&db@aEÅ? tauF 0g tmwywåau?rd¹aEÅ y&db@aEÅ? tauF 0g tmwywåau?rd¹aEÅ y&db@aEÅ? tauF 0g tmwywåau?yga'ok rÍöyDaX 0g? xaywkH e p uyÜwd/yga'ok rÍöyDaX 0g? xaywkH e p uyÜwd/yga'ok rÍöyDaX 0g? xaywkH e p uyÜwd/yga'ok rÍöyDaX 0g? xaywkH e p uyÜwd/yga'ok rÍöyDaX 0g? xaywkH e p uyÜwd/


rd¹aEÅ rd¹aEÅ rd¹aEÅ rd¹aEÅ rd¹aEÅ = twGif;buf tusnfpGef;üvnf;aumif;/ y&dba@aEÅy&dba@aEÅy&dba@aEÅy&dba@aEÅy&dba@aEÅ= tjyifbuf tMunfpGef;üvnf;aumif;/ tauF 0g tauF 0g tauF 0g tauF 0g tauF 0g = &ifcGifç wif-yv’ifacGay:üvnf;aumif;/ tmwywåau tmwywåau tmwywåau tmwywåau tmwywåau = xD;ay:üvnf;aumif;/yga'okyga'okyga'okyga'okyga'ok = ajcwkdYüvnf;aumif;/ rÍöyDaX 0g rÍöyDaX 0g rÍöyDaX 0g rÍöyDaX 0g rÍöyDaX 0g = anmifapmif;ç tif;ysOfü-vnf;aumif;? (0g) ukwifç xkdifckHüvnf;aumif;/ xaywkH xaywkH xaywkH xaywkH xaywkH = xm;jcif;iSm/e p uyÜwd e p uyÜwd e p uyÜwd e p uyÜwd e p uyÜwd = rtyfonfom/

67/ e ed[a&,s Opäda|m-'uÍö pvu|duH?e ed[a&,s Opäda|m-'uÍö pvu|duH?e ed[a&,s Opäda|m-'uÍö pvu|duH?e ed[a&,s Opäda|m-'uÍö pvu|duH?e ed[a&,s Opäda|m-'uÍö pvu|duH?yawåe ywå[aw¬m 0g? u0g#H eyÜPmra,/yawåe ywå[aw¬m 0g? u0g#H eyÜPmra,/yawåe ywå[aw¬m 0g? u0g#H eyÜPmra,/yawåe ywå[aw¬m 0g? u0g#H eyÜPmra,/yawåe ywå[aw¬m 0g? u0g#H eyÜPmra,/


Opäda|m'uÍö Opäda|m'uÍö Opäda|m'uÍö Opäda|m'uÍö Opäda|m'uÍö = vkwfaq;a&ukdvnf;aumif;/ pvu|duH pvu|duH pvu|duH pvu|duH pvu|duH = cJpm;-NyD;í pGefYypftyfaom tmrdoç ig;½kd;ç tom;½kd;ukdvnf;aumif;/ yawåeyawåeyawåeyawåeyawåe= oydwfjzifh (0g) oydwfü xnfhí/ e eD[a&,s e eD[a&,s e eD[a&,s e eD[a&,s e eD[a&,s = rxkwfaqmif&m/


ywå[aw¬m ywå[aw¬m ywå[aw¬m ywå[aw¬m ywå[aw¬m = vufü oydwf&Sdonf/ ([kwGm 0g) jzpfívnf;aumif;/u0g#H = u0g#H = u0g#H = u0g#H = u0g#H = wHcg;&Gufukd/ eyÜPmra, eyÜPmra, eyÜPmra, eyÜPmra, eyÜPmra, = rwGef;rzGifh&m/

68/ blrdtm"m&au 'g½k-'@m"ma& okoZÆdaw?blrdtm"m&au 'g½k-'@m"ma& okoZÆdaw?blrdtm"m&au 'g½k-'@m"ma& okoZÆdaw?blrdtm"m&au 'g½k-'@m"ma& okoZÆdaw?blrdtm"m&au 'g½k-'@m"ma& okoZÆdaw?'ka0 yawå xaya,suH? eduúKZÆdwGm0 blrd,H/'ka0 yawå xaya,suH? eduúKZÆdwGm0 blrd,H/'ka0 yawå xaya,suH? eduúKZÆdwGm0 blrd,H/'ka0 yawå xaya,suH? eduúKZÆdwGm0 blrd,H/'ka0 yawå xaya,suH? eduúKZÆdwGm0 blrd,H/


blrdtm"m&au blrdtm"m&au blrdtm"m&au blrdtm"m&au blrdtm"m&au = ajrü uyfí qufpyfaeaom u&GwfacGüvnf;-aumif;/ okoZÆdaw okoZÆdaw okoZÆdaw okoZÆdaw okoZÆdaw = aumif;pGm jyifqiftyfaom/ 'g½k'@m"ma& ='g½k'@m"ma& ='g½k'@m"ma& ='g½k'@m"ma& ='g½k'@m"ma& =wkwfacsmif;jzifh jyKvkyftyfaom vSHwHç oydwfajc? 0g;jcrf;rsm; pkaygif;íjyKvkyftyfaom oydwfajcüvnf;aumif;/ 'ka0 'ka0 'ka0 'ka0 'ka0 = ESpfvkH;ukefaom/yawå yawå yawå yawå yawå = oydwfwkdYukd/ xay,s xay,s xay,s xay,s xay,s = qifhí xm;Ekdif\/ blrd,H blrd,H blrd,H blrd,H blrd,H = tcif;-&Sdaomajray:ü/ {uH {uH {uH {uH {uH = oydwfwpfvkH;ukd/ eduúKZÆdwGm0 eduúKZÆdwGm0 eduúKZÆdwGm0 eduúKZÆdwGm0 eduúKZÆdwGm0 = arSmufí-omvQif/ xay,s xay,s xay,s xay,s xay,s = xm;Ekdif\/

oydwfqkdif&m usifh0wfrsm;

1/ a&rpifaom oydwfukd odrf;í rxm;&? xm;vQif a&rpifaom-aMumifh oydwfysufpD;vdrfhrnf/

2/ oydwfokwfyk0gjzifh a&pifMu,fatmif rokwftyfaom oydwfukdaeylrvSef;&? vSef;vQif qGrf;[if;teHY eHaomaMumifh teHYraumif;jzpfwwf\/

3/ oydwfukd aeylü Mum&SnfpGm rxm;&? xm;vQif tqif;ysufwwf-onf/ wcPavmufom aevSef;&onf/

4/ zsmç om;a&paom tcif;rygbJ zkHç ausmufp&pf&Sdaom ajray:üoydwfukd rxm;&/ xm;vQif zkHayvdrfhrnf? oydwfemvdrfhrnf?xkdYaMumifh oydwfajcjzpfapç tcif;jzpfap &Sdaomajrü oydwfxm;-&onf/

5/ eH&Hü pkdufESufxm;tyfaom ikwfüvnf;aumif;ç qifpG,faumuf


ponfüvnf;aumif;ç (tdwfrygbJ) oydwfrsufESm0ukd csdwfírxm;&? xm;vQif atmufokdY uswwfonf/

6/ a&S;u eH&Htajcckdifatmif (okdY) xkdif&atmif eH&H\twGif;tjyifüajrckHç tkwfckH tydk&Sdwwf\/ xkdajrckH tkwfckHukd tusnf[kac:onf/xkdtusnfpGef;ü xm;vQif oydwfonf vdrfhusí uGJEkdifç emEkdif-aomaMumifh xkdtusnfpGef;ü rxm;&? tusnfu wpfawmifavmuf us,f0ef;vQif xm;aumif;\/ oydwfajcygvQifvnf;xkdtusnfrSm xm;aumif;\[k aw&ouPf#Dumaw&ouPf#Dumaw&ouPf#Dumaw&ouPf#Dumaw&ouPf#Dum qkdonf/

7/ &ifcGifwifyv’ifacGay:ü oydwfrxm;&? trSwfrJh xvdkufaomtcgoydwfuJGwwfonf? oydwfudk vG,fxm;vQifum; xvdkufaomf-vnf; oydwfrusEdkifaomaMumifh xm;aumif;yg\/

8/ zGifhxm;aom xD;ay:ü oydwfrxm;&? qGrf;jzifhjynfhaeaomoydwfçycHkk;üvG,fxm;aom oydwfudkvnf; rxm;&? ava0SYaomtcgtay:odkY xD;ajrmufoGm;&m oydwfvnf; uJGaomaMumifh xD;ay:ürxm;&[k ynwfawmfrlonf/

9/ ajcaxmufay:ü tjrifrawmfaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;ç trSwf-wrJh vdrfhuszG,f&dSaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; oydwfrxm;&/

10/ anmifapmif;ç tif;ysOf (ukwifç xdkifcHk)wdkYü trSwfwrJh xdkifrIçtdyfrIaMumifh oydwfuJGwwfonfhtwGuf rxm;zdkY&ef ynwfawmf-rlonf/

11/ yg;pyfaq;a& vkwfaq;a&udk oydwfxJ xnfhí rxkwfaqmif&/om;ç ig;ç opfoD;wdkYrS tom;wdkYudk Ekwf,lpm;NyD;í usefaompm;zwf (pm;NyD;í raumif;aom tzwf) opfoD;\ taphç tcHG-ponf udkvnf;aumif;? ig;\t½dk;ç tom;\ t½dk;wdkYudkvnf;-aumif; oydwfü xnfhí rxkwfaqmifaumif;? oydwfjzifh ,lírpGefYypfaumif;[k rSwfyg/


12/ vufüjzpfapç ajczrdk;üjzpfap udk,f\tpdwftydkif; wpfae&müoydwf&dSaevQif wHcg;&Gufudk vufjzifhjzpfapç udk,ft*Fg wpfckckjzifhjzpfap rwGef;rzGifhaumif;? rif;wkwfudkvnf; rajr§mufrzGifhaumif;?xdkodkY zGifhvQif wHcg;yGifhaomtcg oydwfudk ½dkufrdwwfaomaMumifh-wnf;/ oydwfudk ycHk;ü vG,fxm;vQifum; wHcg;&Gufudk vufwpf-zufjzifh wGef;xm;EkdifaomaMumifh zGifhaumif;\/

13/ oydwfwnf&m u&GwfacGay:ü oydwfvdrfhrusEdkifatmif aumif;-pGm jyKvkyftyfNyD;jzpfvQif xkd u&GwfacGü a&S;OD;pGm oydwfukd xm;íxdkoydwfay:ü aemufxyf oydwfwpfvHk; qifhaomtm;jzifh oydwfESpfvHk; xm;aumif;\/

14/ ajrBuD;ay:ü zsmç oifjzL; paomtcif;&dSvQif xdktcif;ay:üarSmufíomvQif oydwfwpfvHk; xm;aumif;\/ oydwfwpfvHk;xyfí arSmufxm;vdkrlum; ajrBuD;tcif;ay:ü tem;wpfzufudkxm;í tjcm; tem;wpfzufudk xdkyxroydwfay:ü ar;wifovdkrDSí arSmufxm;aumif;\[k qdkMuonf/

tuyÜd,oydwf (14) vHk;tuyÜd,oydwf (14) vHk;tuyÜd,oydwf (14) vHk;tuyÜd,oydwf (14) vHk;tuyÜd,oydwf (14) vHk;

69/ 'g½k½lyd,aom0PÖ-rPda0VK&d,mr,m?'g½k½lyd,aom0PÖ-rPda0VK&d,mr,m?'g½k½lyd,aom0PÖ-rPda0VK&d,mr,m?'g½k½lyd,aom0PÖ-rPda0VK&d,mr,m?'g½k½lyd,aom0PÖ-rPda0VK&d,mr,m?uHo umpwdykoDozvdumwrÁavm[Zm/uHo umpwdykoDozvdumwrÁavm[Zm/uHo umpwdykoDozvdumwrÁavm[Zm/uHo umpwdykoDozvdumwrÁavm[Zm/uHo umpwdykoDozvdumwrÁavm[Zm/

70/ q0oDora,m pmyd? C#dwkrÁu#m[Zm?q0oDora,m pmyd? C#dwkrÁu#m[Zm?q0oDora,m pmyd? C#dwkrÁu#m[Zm?q0oDora,m pmyd? C#dwkrÁu#m[Zm?q0oDora,m pmyd? C#dwkrÁu#m[Zm?ywåm tuyÜd,m oaAÁ? 0kwåm 'kuú#0w¬Kumwd/ywåm tuyÜd,m oaAÁ? 0kwåm 'kuú#0w¬Kumwd/ywåm tuyÜd,m oaAÁ? 0kwåm 'kuú#0w¬Kumwd/ywåm tuyÜd,m oaAÁ? 0kwåm 'kuú#0w¬Kumwd/ywåm tuyÜd,m oaAÁ? 0kwåm 'kuú#0w¬Kumwd/


'g½k ½lyd, aom0PÖ rPd a0VK&d,mr,m 'g½k ½lyd, aom0PÖ rPd a0VK&d,mr,m 'g½k ½lyd, aom0PÖ rPd a0VK&d,mr,m 'g½k ½lyd, aom0PÖ rPd a0VK&d,mr,m 'g½k ½lyd, aom0PÖ rPd a0VK&d,mr,m = opfom;jzifhjyKvkyftyfukefç aiGjzifh jyKvkyftyfukefç a&Tjzifh jyKvkyftyfukefç ywåjrm;jzifhjyKvkyftyfukefç aMumifrsuf½JGjzifh jyKvkyftyfukefaom/ (ywåm = oydwf-wdkYonfvnf;aumif;/) uHo ump wdyk oDo zvdum wrÁavm[ZmuHo ump wdyk oDo zvdum wrÁavm[ZmuHo ump wdyk oDo zvdum wrÁavm[ZmuHo ump wdyk oDo zvdum wrÁavm[ZmuHo ump wdyk oDo zvdum wrÁavm[Zm


= aMu;jzLrS jzpfukefç pOfhrS jzpfukefç ovJGjzLrS jzpfukefç ovGJrnf;rSjzpfukefç zvfrS jzpfukefç aMu;eDrS jzpfukefaom/ (ywåm = oydwfwdkYonfvnf;aumif;/) q0oDora,m q0oDora,m q0oDora,m q0oDora,m q0oDora,m = vl\ OD;acgif;cHGjzifh jyKvkyftyfaom?(0g) vlOD;acgif;cHGjzpfaom/ yawåm pmyd yawåm pmyd yawåm pmyd yawåm pmyd yawåm pmyd = oydwfonfvnf;aumif;?C#DwkrÁu#m[Zm C#DwkrÁu#m[Zm C#DwkrÁu#m[Zm C#DwkrÁu#m[Zm C#DwkrÁu#m[Zm = tdk;wnf;[laom cGufrS jzpfukefç Al;wnf;[l-aom (tvmAk = AloD;) cGufrS jzpfukefaom/ (ywåm ywåm ywåm ywåm ywåm = oydwfwdkYonf-vnf;aumif;/) tuyÜd,m tuyÜd,m tuyÜd,m tuyÜd,m tuyÜd,m = rtyfukef/ oaAÁ oaAÁ oaAÁ oaAÁ oaAÁ = tvHk;pHk (14)vHk;aomoydwfwdkYudk/ 'kuú#0w¬Kum 'kuú#0w¬Kum 'kuú#0w¬Kum 'kuú#0w¬Kum 'kuú#0w¬Kum = 'kuú#ftmywf\ wnf&mtaMumif;-wdkY[lí/ 0kwåm 0kwåm 0kwåm 0kwåm 0kwåm = a[mawmfrltyfukefNyD/ £wd £wd £wd £wd £wd = oydwfESifhpyfírSwfzG,ftNyD;wnf;/

&Sif;vif;csuf&Sif;vif;csuf&Sif;vif;csuf&Sif;vif;csuf&Sif;vif;csuf

opfom;cGufonf xnfhíom rpm;aumif;ç raomufaumif;çudkif½Hkum; udkifaumif;\/ a&TcGufç aiGcGufç ywåjrm;cGufç aMumifrsuf&GJcGufwdkYonf xd½Hk udkif½HkrQyif rtyf/ ,ckumv uGrf;tpfponfüaiGxHk;Al;ç aiGzvm; ponfwdkYrSm vlUOpömyif jzpfapumrl udkif½HkrQ rudkif-aumif;&um; tb,frSm xnfhí pm;aumif;ygawmhthHenf;/ ESD;cGufçESD;uGrf;tpfwdkYudkyif opfom;cGufESifh tvm;wl[k oabmxm;í vuf-zufç uGrf;ponf xnfhpm;rIudk a&SmifMuOfMuonf/ tu,fí ESD;uGrf;-tpfjzifh uyfvmvQif vufay:okdY wpfqifh ajymif;xnfhí uGrf;pm;Mu\/ESD;cGufjzifhvnf; tazsmf&nfponfudk raomufMuukef/

72/ tuyÜm zvdum umpuHoZm *d[doEÅum/tuyÜm zvdum umpuHoZm *d[doEÅum/tuyÜm zvdum umpuHoZm *d[doEÅum/tuyÜm zvdum umpuHoZm *d[doEÅum/tuyÜm zvdum umpuHoZm *d[doEÅum/oHCdum uyÜd,m wkrÁC#dZm wm0umvdum/oHCdum uyÜd,m wkrÁC#dZm wm0umvdum/oHCdum uyÜd,m wkrÁC#dZm wm0umvdum/oHCdum uyÜd,m wkrÁC#dZm wm0umvdum/oHCdum uyÜd,m wkrÁC#dZm wm0umvdum/


zvdum p zvdum p zvdum p zvdum p zvdum p = zefcGufonfvnf;aumif;/ umpuHoZm umpuHoZm umpuHoZm umpuHoZm umpuHoZm = csuf-ausmufcGufESifh pOfhcGufç aMu;jzLç aMu;0gcGufwdkYonfvnf;aumif;/


*d[doEÅum *d[doEÅum *d[doEÅum *d[doEÅum *d[doEÅum = vlUOpöm jzpfukefaomfvnf;aumif;/ oHCdum oHCdum oHCdum oHCdum oHCdum = oHCdujzpfukefaomfvnf;aumif;/ uyÜd,m uyÜd,m uyÜd,m uyÜd,m uyÜd,m = tyfukef\/

zvdu-zvdu-zvdu-zvdu-zvdu-t& zefppfcGuf r[kwf&m? oJudk csufí jyKvkyftyfaom,ckumv zefcGufom jzpfwef&m\/ (zefppf = wGif;xGufzefum;ywåjrm;ESifhtvm;wl roHk;oyfaumif;? rudkifaumif;/)

þpum;t& csufzefcGufç csufausmufcGufç pOfhcGufç aMu;jzLçaMu;0gcGufwdkYrSm yk*¾vdutjzpfjzifh roHk;pJGtyf? oHCdu odkYr[kwf vlUOpömjzpfrl xnfhpm;aumif;\/ ,ckumv aMu;0gZGef;ESifh zefcGuf zefcsKdifhponfwdkY yk*¾vdu rtyfaMumif;udk owdjyKyg/

wkrÁC#dZm wkrÁC#dZm wkrÁC#dZm wkrÁC#dZm wkrÁC#dZm = Al;oD;cGuf tdk;cGufwdkYonf/ wm0umvdum wm0umvdum wm0umvdum wm0umvdum wm0umvdum = wpf-cPrQ xnfhí pm;aomufaumif;ukef\/ (oGm;av&m,lí oydwf-uJhodkYum; tjrJroHk;pJGaumif;? cPavmuf xnfhpm;í pGefYypfxm;cJh-&rnf[lvdk/) zuf&Gufç opf&Gufjzifh vkyftyfaom zufcGufrsm;vnf;xdkYtwl wcPrQom xnfhpm;aumif;\[k #DumwdkY qdk\/

tyfpyfaom cGuf (3) rsKd;

uyÜd,m xmvum wdaóm? wrÁma,m rwådumr,m?uyÜd,m xmvum wdaóm? wrÁma,m rwådumr,m?uyÜd,m xmvum wdaóm? wrÁma,m rwådumr,m?uyÜd,m xmvum wdaóm? wrÁma,m rwådumr,m?uyÜd,m xmvum wdaóm? wrÁma,m rwådumr,m?(ck'´odu©mbmom#Dum?115/)

wrÁma,m rwådumr,m wrÁma,m rwådumr,m wrÁma,m rwådumr,m wrÁma,m rwådumr,m wrÁma,m rwådumr,m = aMu;eDç oHç ajrjzifh jyKtyfukefaom/wdaóm wdaóm wdaóm wdaóm wdaóm = okH;rsKd;ukefaom/ xmvum xmvum xmvum xmvum xmvum = pm;cGufaomufcGufwkdYonf/uyÜd,m uyÜd,m uyÜd,m uyÜd,m uyÜd,m = tyfukef\/

aMu;eDcGufç ajrcGufç oHcGuf (3)rsKd;wkdYonf &[ef;omraPwkdYukd,fwkdif (yk*¾vdu)tjzpf okH;pGJaumif;\/ ¤if;wkdYü umvduav;yg;xnfhí pm;aumif; aomufaumif;\[k rSwf/

(ygwdarmufbmom#Dum?195/)


edó*¾dtmywf (30) txl;rSwfcsuf

{Vuavmr0*f tpodu©myk'f tcif;okH;ckç ywå0*f aboZÆodu©m-yk'fwpfckç þav;ckjzifh tmywfoifhí pGefYNyD;aom0w¬Kukd jyefay;aomf-vnf; rokH;pGJ&/ (tcif;tjzpfom rokH;&? Adwmef rsufESmMuuf okH;Ekdif\-[k qkd\/ aq;üvnf; &ufrvGefrD ckepf&uftwGif;ü e,fqDç vdrf;qDponfwkdY\ tusKd;iSm pdwfjzifh ykdif;jzwfí t"d|mefí xm;tyfaomaxmywfponfwkdY ckepf&ufvGefaomfvnf; tmywfroifh/ xYkdjyif iJhuGuf-jcif;r&Sd tmv,jywf pGefYNyD;í jyef&aom axmywfç qDponfwkdYum;okH;aqmif pm;aomufjcif;iSmvnf; tyfonf[l\/


a&TaiGudk cH,laom ½lyd,y#d*¾[Podu©myk'fç ½lyd,oHa0g[m&odu©myk'f ¤if;ESpfckjzihf tmywfoifhí pGefYNyD;aom 0w¬KwdkYudk jyefray;&/t<uif; (24)yg;aom odu©myk'fwdkYjzifh tmywfoifhí pGefYNyD;aom 0w¬K-wdkYudk jyefay;u okH;pGJaumif;\/ oHCmhtv,füom pGefYaumif;aomodu©myk'fwdkYum; ODeyÍöAEeodu©myk'fç ½lyd,y#d*¾[Podu©myk'fç ½lyd,-oHa0g[m&odu©myk'f okH;ckwdkYwnf;/ (ygwdarmu©ar'deD?256/)

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) oE¦w aw;? &ufukefaq;? jyefay; rokH;&/a&TaiGcHç vJ? ESpfckwGJ? jyefbJ ray;&/t<uif;ppfaq;? ESpfq,fhav;? jyefay; okH;pGJ&/oHCmhv,fom? pGefY&yg? okH;jzm awGUygp/ODeyÍöç ½lyd,? vJx okH;rsKd;y/ (ygwdarmu©ar'deD?256/)

ab'euygpdwf

olpdC&odu©myk'fü EGm;½kd; uRJ½dk;paom t½dk;wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifhjzpfapçqifpG,fjzifhjzpfapç EGm;ç orif ponfwdkY\ OD;csKdjzifhjzpfap tyfusnf(tyfAl;) jyKvkyf&m0,f udk,fwdkifpíjyKjcif; odkYr[kwf tjyKcdkif;jcif;aMumifh


'kuú#ftmywfoifhí udk,fwdkifjyKNyD;onfhtcg (odkYr[kwf) olwpfyg;tm;cdkif;NyD;í &onfhtcg ab'euygpdwftmywf oifh\/

ygpdwftmywfudk a'oemrMum;rD tyfAl;udk cGJypf&rnfjzpfaom-aMumihf cGJjcif;a&S;&Sdaomygpdwf (0g) ab'euygpdwf[k ac:onf/

tyfAl;rSwpfyg; rsufpOf;usnfç rsufpOf;wHç yJcGyf½kd;ç tem;ywfoD;çcg;yef;oD;wkdYudk t½dk;ponfjzifh jyKaumif;\/ tyfAl;udkum; 0g;ç opfom;ponfjzifhom jyKaumif;onf/

pwkuúygpdwfjzpfykH

1/ rdrdjyKí rNyD;ao;aom tyfusnfudk udk,fwdkifNyD;apí &aom&[ef;ygpdwf?

2/ rdrdjyKí rNyD;aom tyfusnfudk olwpfyg;udk NyD;apí &aom&[ef;-vnf; ygpdwf?

3/ olwpfyg;jyKí rNyD;ao;aom tyfusnfudk udk,fwkdifNyD;apí &aom&[ef;vnf; ygpdwf?

4/ olwpfyg;jyKí rNyD;ao;aom tyfusnfudk olwpfyg;udk NyD;apí&aom &[ef;vnf; ygpdwf[k pwkuúygpdwf jzpfonf/ enf;,l rSwfyg?tcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&müvnf; pwkuúygpdwf jzpfykHukd odygav/

wlavme'¨odu©myk'f

anmifapmif; ukwifudkjzpfap tif;ysOf xdkifckHudkjzpfap tay:üvJtqmoGwfaom tcif;&Sdatmif udk,fwdkifjyKjyK olwpfyg;udk cdkif;í&&ç vJtqmudk xkwfNyD; aemufrS a'oemMum;&aom O'gveuygpdwftmywfoifh\/

vJtqm oGwfxm;aom arGU&mrsm;udk anmifapmif; tif;ysOfay:ürcif;&? xdkYjyif om;arG; aumfaZmrsm;vnf; rcif;&[k odyg/


vJokH;rsKd;

vufyHyifpaom opfyifrSjzpfaom ½ku©wlvvJwpfrsKd;ç EG,fyifrSjzpfaom vwmwlvvJwpfrsKd;ç &SifarG;vGef;paom jrufrsKd;rS jzpfaomayg#uDwlvvJwpfrsKd; þodkYtm;jzifh opfyifvJç EG,fvJç jrufvJ[k vJ(3)rsKd; &Sd\/ 0g*Grf;udkvnf; ½ku©wlv (= opfyifvJ)ü oGif;í ,lav/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) ½ku© vwm ayg#um? wlvm okH;rsKd;od/

opfyifç jrufç EG,f? vJokH;oG,f? rSwfzG,f usrf;*ef&Sd/

,cktcg 0g*Grf;rsm;vnf; vJtrsKd;tpm;yifjzpfí vJrIdUoGwfxm;-aom tcif;rsm;udk *dvmer[kwfvQif rtdyfaumif;ç rxdkifaumif;?temaygufjcif;paom rusef;rmrIaMumifh ½dk;½dk;tcif;ay:ü rxdkifEdkifrtdyfEdkifaom *dvmewdkYum; xdkvJrIdUtcif; arGU&mrsm;ESifh acgif;tkH;rsm;udkcif;í tdyfaumif;\/

usrf;*efü *dvme r[kwfvQif acgif;tkH;ESifh ajctkH; ESpfrsKd;om tyf-aMumif; vm\/ xdkYaMumifh 0denf;"dk&f yk*¾dKvfrsm;um; acgif;tkH;udkwHawmifjzifh axmufjcif;ç &ifbwfatmufü xm;jcif;rsm;udk rjyKMubJa&SmifMuOfMu\/ tcsKdUum; wHawmifjzifh axmufjcif;ç vufjzifh axmuf-jcif;rsm;udk oHo, r&SdMu/ tb,fhaMumifhqdkaomf tdyfaom tcgrsm;üacgif;tkH;ay:vufwifum vufay:acgif;csí tdyfjcif;udk 0denf;t&moHo,ukuúKpöBuD;awmfrlaom rax&fBuD;wdkYaomfrSvnf; jyKMuonfudkjrif&aomaMumifh[k taMumif;jyMu\/ tcsKdUum; rSDtkH;BuD;udkyif tokH;-jyKvsuf &SdMu\/ rSDtkH;um; rtyfonfom[k rSwf/

acgif;tkH;yrmP

acgif;tkH;um; OD;acgif;yrmP &Sdaomfom tyf\/ OD;acgif;yrmPacgif;tkH;[lonf axmifhokH;axmifhwdkYwGif ESpfaxmifh\tMum; teHtm;-jzifh wpfxGmav;opf? tv,f awmifqkyf? tvsm; wpfaxmifhxGm?


ESpfawmifom tyfonf/ teH awmifqkyf? tvsm; ESpfawmif[l\/xkdYxufBuD;rl rtyf? ti,fyrmPudk usrf;*efrjy/

tma,m*ywfcg;yef;ç tHoukd#fç oydwftdwfç a&ppfç acgif;tkH;wkdYüxnfhaumif;\[k qkdaomaMumifh 0g*Grf;rsm;udk twGif;üoGif;í csKyfvkyf-xm;aom apmifrsm;udk udk,fatmufrSmxm;í rtdyfoifh[k rSwfyg/

rÍöyD|odu©myk'f

anmifapmif;ç tif;ysOfç ukwifç ukvm;xdkifwdkYudk udk,fwdkifjzpfapcdkfif;íjzpfap topfjyKvkyfapvdkvQif bk&m;&Sif\ vufopfawmfjzifh(tvGefqkH;) &Spfvufopf tajc &Sdap&rnf/ xdkxuf &SnfvQifum; ]jzwf-]jzwf-]jzwf-]jzwf-]jzwf-jcif;}jcif;}jcif;}jcif;}jcif;} a&S;&Sdaom aq'euygpdwftmywf oifh\/

tajcudk wkdif;&müum; abmifabmifabmifabmifabmif[k ac:aom taygifudk xnfhíwdkif;zG,f rvdk/ olwpfyg;xHrS tajc&Snfaom anmifapmif;udk&vQifjzwfí odkYr[kwf tydkudk ajrwGif jr§Kyfí okH;pGJ&rnf/

anmifapmif; (4) rsKd;

1/ tajcü taygifpGyfaom rom&urom&urom&urom&urom&u anmifapmif;?

2/ tajcESifh wpyfwnf; taygif&Sdaom AkE´dumA'¨ AkE´dumA'¨ AkE´dumA'¨ AkE´dumA'¨ AkE´dumA'¨ anmifapmif;?

3/ ykZGefajcoP²mef aumufaom tajc&dSaom ukVd&yg'uukVd&yg'uukVd&yg'uukVd&yg'uukVd&yg'u anmif-apmif;?

4/ taygifü tajcpGyfaom tm[pöyg'utm[pöyg'utm[pöyg'utm[pöyg'utm[pöyg'u anmifapmif;tm;jzifh av;rsKd;jym;\/

tif;ysOfvnf; anmif;apmif;enf;wl av;rsKd;yif &Sd\/ txl;um;av;awmif tvsm;&Sdonfum; anmifapmif;? av;awmifatmufwdkaom tvsm;&Sdonfum; tif;ysOfrnfonf[k qdkMu\/


(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) rom&u AkE´duESifh? ukVD&yg' tm[pö? av;0 anmifapmif;jym;/ tif;ysOfüvnf; xdkav;wnf;? jym;enf; odapom;/av;awmif&Sdonfç anmifapmif;rnfç wkdonf tif;ysOfMum;/

tóEDyv’ifum; av;axmifhtajc&Snfaomfvnf; tyf\/

bdod (= bkHvQKd zkH)

bdod[lonf tjyifu t0wfjzifhjzpfapç orifa&paom tyfaomom;a&jzifhjzpfap tcGHjyKí vlarG;ESifh yef;ndK&Gufudk z,fxm;í tarG;çopf&Gufç jrufç avQmft0wfwdkYudk tqmoGwfí jyKtyfaom arGU&mbkHvQKdudk qdkonf/

xdkbkHvQKdonf om;arT;bkHvQKdç opf&GufbkHvQKdç t0wfbkHvQKdç jrufbkH-vQKdç avQmfbkHvQKd[k ig;rsKd; jym;\/ yrmPtwdkif;txGm r&Sd/ xdkifjcif;tdyfjcif; tvkH;pkHtyfonf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) om;arG;ç opf&Guf? t0wfç jruf? avQmfpGuf bkHvQKdig;/

anmifapmif; tif;ysOfwdkYonf jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ vufopfawmf-jzifh (8)vufopf (= wpfrdkuf) jzpfonf/ (wpfxGmrSm q,fhESpfvufopf&Sd\/) bk&m;&Sif wpfxGm = (13)vufrcGJ? wpfawmif = (27)vufr?&Spfvufopf = wpfrdkuf? okH;rdkuf = wpfawmifjzpfí (27)udk (3)jzifhpm;aomf (9)vufr&Sdí wpfrdkufrSm (9)vufr jzpfoifhonf/ rZÑdryk&dowpfawmif (= yuwdyk&do wpfaxmifhxGm)tajc&Sd\[k qdkMuonfrSmjrifhvGef;rnf xif\/

xkdt&m0,f pOf;pm;zG,f&Sdonf[k bmom#Dum uk#dum&odu©m-yk'fü qdkxm;\/ oD[kdVfç ,dk;',m;ç uarÇm'D;,m;paom ax&0g'EdkifiHwdkYü bk&m;&SifwpfxGmudk (13)vufrcGJ&Sdonf[k ,lMuonf/ bk&m;&Sif\ (8)vufopfonf (9)vufr jzpfoifhí anmifapmif; tif;ysOftajc (9)vufr xm;oifhonf[k ,lqoifhygonf/ 0denf;Oya'awmf-


BuD; pmrsufESm (234)ü bk&m;&Sif (8)vufopfonf (24) vufr (=2-ay) &Sdonf[k wGufjyxm;onf/

taygif (abmif)udk rwdkif;&? atmuftajcukdom wdkif;&rnfjzpfonf/ aus;Zl;awmf&Sif zm;atmufawm&q&mawmfonf uk#ifjyK-vkyf&mwGif (9)vufr tajcxm;onfudk ESpfoufawmfrlonf/ edrfhvGef;-í tmywfroifh? jrifhvQifom aq'euygpdwftmywf oifhonf/jzwfjcif;a&S;&Sdaom ygpdwftmywfjzpfonf/ jzwfNyD;rS a'oemMum;&-aom tmywfwnf;/ rjzwfrcsif; a'oem rnfrQyifMum;Mum; tmywf-u rxajrmufEdkif[k rSwfyg/

edoD'eodu©myk'f

edoD'dkefudk udk,fwdkifjzpfapç cdkif;íjzpfap csKyfvdkaom &[ef;onfbk&m;&Sif\ txGmawmfjzifh tvsm; (2)xGm? teH (1)xGmcGJ? tNrdwfac:-aom tqm (1)xGm? þtwdkif;t&Snf&Sdaom (i,fomvQif i,faponfhxuf rydk&aom) edoD'dkefudkom csKyfEdkifonf/ xkdtwdkif;t&SnfxufydkvGefvQifum; vGeforQudk jzwfypf&jcif;&Sdaom ]aq'euygpdwf}tmywfoifh\/

oE¦wtcif;ESifhwlpGm cif;í rdrd tvdk&Sd&mbuf tpGef;wpfcküjrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ wpfxGmyrmP &Sdaom tqmudkwyfí ESpfae&mü-um; cGJxm;&onf/ þuJhodkY jyKvkyfxm;aomf tNrdwftqm (3)ckuGJvsuf &Sd\/ yrmPESifh,SOfaomç tNrdwftqmokH;ck&Sdaom y&du©&m-rsKd;udk edoD'dkefac:onf[k odyg/

edoD'dkef ynwfawmfrljcif;

pD0&u©Eu yPDwabmZe0w¬Kü &[ef;rsm; rGefjrwfaom tpm-tm[m&wdkYudk pm;MuNyD;aemuf w&m;vufvGwfvsuf tdyfaysmfMuaom-


tcg tdyfrufrufí okwfvGwfMuojzifh ouFef;ç ausmif;ç tdyf&mçae&mç cE¨mudk,frsm; aya&aejcif;aMumifh ouFef;udk apmifha&Smufjcif;(= pD0&*kwåd) ausmif;ç tdyf&mç ae&mudk apmifha&Smufjcif; (= aoemoe-*kwåd) cEmudk,fudk apmifha&Smufjcif; (= um,*kwåd)tusKd;iSm ynwfawmf-rlonf/ xdkYaMumifh edoD'dkefudk okufESD;ouFef;[k ac:Muonf/

tokH;jyKykH

þedoD'dkefudk ,ckumv ae&mxdkifcif;rsm;uJhodkY cif;ívnf; tokH;-jyKMuonf/ qGrf;pm;onfhtcg wpfydkif;udk atmufucif;í tNrdwf-tqmudk wifyv’ifay:ü wifum qGrf;ç [if;pufrsm;ukd umuG,fjcif;tusKd;iSmvnf; tokH;jyKMuonf/

txl;tm;jzifhum; oif;ydkif\twGif;ü cHí 0wfzkdY&ef jzpfonf/a&SUbufu tqmxm;cH0wfvQif tv,fu tpudk aemufodkY aygifMum;-rS cg;awmif;usKdufykHpHuhJokdYjzpfNyD;ç aemufbufu tqmxm;í cH0wfvQif¤if;tv,fu tpudk aygifMum;rS a&SUodkY,lí BudK;i,fjzifh odkYr[kwfwG,ftyfwdkYjzifh csdwfqGJxm;&rnf/

þtcif;ü tqmonf bk&m;&SifwpfxGm jzpfí rZÑdrokH;qwuf-aomf okH;xGmç yuwdyk&do wpfxGmcGJ a&maomf av;xGmcJG (odkYr[kwf)ESpfawmifhxGm &Sd&rnf jzpfonf/ pdwful;jzifh 0wfqifMunfhyg? &SnfvGef;-aernf xifygonf/ bk&m;&SifwpfxGmü (13)vufrcGJ ,lqaom 0g'ESifhqdkvQif wpfayomom&Sdí taeawmfjzpfrnf[k xifygonf/ þae&m-üvnf; pOf;pm;a0zefMu&ef jzpfonf/

u@KyÜ#dpäm'd odu©myk'f

trmvTrf; (odkY) temvTrf;ouFef;udk jyKvkyfvdkaom &[ef;onftwdkif;t&Snf yrmPESifh ,SOfaom trmvTrf;ouFef;udk jyKvkyf&rnf/


xdktrmvTrf;ouFef;ü þqdkvwåHUonfum; yrmPwnf;/ jrwfpGmbk&m;txGmawmfjzifh tvsm; (4)xGm? teH (2)xGmwkdYwnf;/ xdkyrmPudkvGefapaom &[ef;tm; jzwfjcif;a&S;&Sdaom aq'euygpdwftmywfoifh\/

Oyvu©Penf; = tpdwfudk rSwfí qdkaomenf;

]u@K}o'´gonf ,m;emudkom a[maomfvnf; þodu©myk'fü,m;emudk Oyvu©Penf;tm;jzifh owfrSwfí qdkxm;onf/ xdkYaMumifhu@Ko'´gjzifh ,m;emç 0Jemç aoG;pkemç t&nfxGufaom b*EdKvfemçjynfxGufaom temç tdkif;temç 'lvmç vdyfacgif;ç jrif;o½kdufemçqD;csKda&m*gpaom BuD;us,faom t&nfxGufaom tem[lorQudk,l&rnf/

xdktemrsm;onf csufrSatmufydkif;ç 'l;yqpfrStxuf aygufvQifoif;ydkifudk ayrnfpdk;aomaMumifh xdktemrsm;udk zkH;vTrf;umuG,fzkdY&mtemvTrf;ouFef;wpfrsKd;udk bk&m;&Sif cGifhjyKawmfrlonf/

«0óduom#du (rdk;a&cHouFef;)taMumif; a&S;ü a&;cJhNyD; jzpfonf?jyefMunfhyg/»

eE´aw¬&odu©myk'f (ac:) ok*wpD0&odu©myk'f

jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ ouFef;awmfyrmPESifh tnDjzpfap ydkvGefíjzpfap rdrdzdkY ouFef;rvkyf&? rvkyfap&? jyKvkyfcJhvQif eE´aw¬& (ac:)ok*wpD0&ab'euygpdwftmywf oifh\/

jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ ouFef;awmfyrmPum; jrwfpGmbk&m;\txGmawmftm;jzifh tvsm; (9)xGm? teH (6)xGmwnf;/ tawmiftm;-jzifh tvsm; (4)awmifxGm? teH (3)awmifwnf;/ yuwdyk&dotvsm;-(20)awmif (6)vufopf? teH (13)awmif (1)xGm jzpf\/ 0denf;Oya'-


awmfBuD;ü rZÑdr0¹uDwGufenf;t& aytm;jzifh tvsm; (27)ay? teH(18)ay jzpfonf[k jyxm;onf/

jyKvkyfç jyKvkyfapthH ya,m*wdkif;ya,m*wdkif; 'kuú#f? &jcif;aMumifhygpdwf? olwpfyg;twGuf jyKvkyfç jyKvkyfaptHh 'kuú#f? olwpfyg; jyKvkyfNyD;-onfudk okH;aqmifthH 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/

bmom#DumrSwfcsuf

bk&m;&Sif\ 0wf½kHawmfjrJouFef;onf bk&m;&Sif\txGmawmfjzihftvsm; (9)xGm (= 4 awmifxGm)? teH (6)xGm (= 3 awmif)&Sd&um;,ckumvyk*¾dKvfrsm;onfvnf; rdrdtxGmjzifh tvsm; (4)awmifxGm? teH(3)awmif&Sdaom {uoDouFef;BuD;udkom 0wf½kHxdkufonf/ xkdrQavmufouFef;jzifh okyÜ#dpäEé y&dr@vjzpfatmif 0wfEdkifonfom/

yxruxdeodu©myk'fü ucFgt|uxmtqdk wdpD0&duf\ yrmP-onf {uoDESifhouFef;BuD;twGuf tvsm; (5)awmif awmifqkyf? teH(3)awmif awmifqkyf[kvnf;aumif;? oif;ydkiftwGuf tvsm; (5)awmif awmifqkyf? teH(2)awmif[kvnf;aumif; t"d|mefavmufaomouFef;\ twdkqkH;yrmPudk jyxm;\/ tBuD;qkH;yrmPrSm bk&m;&Sif\ouFef;awmfatmuf enf;enf; yg;yg; avsmhap&rnf[k qdk\/

awmifqkyf[laompum; pOf;pm;&ef

]awmifqkyf}]awmifqkyf}]awmifqkyf}]awmifqkyf}]awmifqkyf}[l&mü tawmiftm;vkH;udk vufoD;qkyfí awmifvQiftvsm; (4)awmifxGm? teH (3)awmif &Sd&um; twdkqkH;yrmP[laomucFgt|uxmpum;ESifh oifhwifhnDñGwfayonf/ (4)awmiftjynfhawmifí aemufqkH; wpfawmifudkom awmifqkyfxm; awmifvQifum;(4)awmifxGmruojzifhvnf;aumif;? ]rk|dyÍöru}]rk|dyÍöru}]rk|dyÍöru}]rk|dyÍöru}]rk|dyÍöru} (ig;ckajrmuf awmif-qkyf&Sdonf)[k rqdkbJ ]rk|dyÍöu}]rk|dyÍöu}]rk|dyÍöu}]rk|dyÍöu}]rk|dyÍöu} (awmifqkyf ig;cktaygif;)[k qkdaom


pum;jzifhvnf;aumif; pOf;pm;oifhavonf/

ygwdarmufbmom#Dum rSwfcsuf

,cktcgüum; ]ok*w0d'w¬d}]ok*w0d'w¬d}]ok*w0d'w¬d}]ok*w0d'w¬d}]ok*w0d'w¬d} vmorQü ]]&SifapmwpfxGm rZfokH;xGmwkdYrSm acgufcsKd;wuf}}[laom pum;udk vufudkifxm;Muvsuf bk&m;-&Sif\ wpfxGmonf ,ck vlwdkYtxGmjzifh (okH;qwuf xuf0ufwdk;)(4)xGmcJG &Sdonf[k MuHqum wdpD0&dufpaom ouFef;wdkYESifh anmifapmif;tif;ysOfrsm;udk tawmfBuD;rm;&Snfvsm;pGm okH;pGJaeMuavNyD/

bk&m;&Sif\ ouFef;awmf

xkdokdY okH;pGJMu&mü bk&m;&Sif\ouFef;awmfudk (okH;qwuf xuf-0uf wdk;txd) wGufMunfhu ,ckvlwdkYtxGmjzifh tvsm;-tawmif (20)ESifh vuf (8)opf &Sdí teHvnf; (13)awmifESifh wpfxGm &SdaomaMumifhxdkouFef;atmuf enf;enf;avsmhaom ouFef;onf ,ckacwf yk*¾dKvf-rsm; 0wf½kHzkdY&ef rjzpfEkdifavmufatmif tvGefBuD;rm;aom ouFef;jzpfav&m\/

xdkYaMumifh ]&SifapmwpfxGm..}]&SifapmwpfxGm..}]&SifapmwpfxGm..}]&SifapmwpfxGm..}]&SifapmwpfxGm..}[laom pum;ukd xyfrHí pOf;pm;-oifhMuayonf/ odkY&mwGif q&mjrwftpOftqufwdkY t,ltwkdif;aumif;aom pdwfxm;jzifh okH;pGJaeMuaomaMumifh tjypf&Sdonf[kum;rrSwfoifhyg/

&SifapmwpfxGm rZfokH;xGm &Sif;csuf

bk&m;&SifwpfxGmESifh rZÑdryk&do (3)xGmonf nDrQ\[k qdkaompum;rSm t|uxmpum;yifwnf;/ xdkrZÑdryk&doyrmPudk acgufcsKd;-wufrS igwdkYwpfxGmESifh nDrQonf[laom pum;um; t|uxmpum;r[kwf/ jrefrmEkdifiHusrS 0de,mvuFm&#DumponfwkdY rSef;qtyfaompum; jzpfavonf/


xdkq&mwdkY rSef;qcsufum; bk&m;&Sift&yfawmfudk (18)awmif rSef;-xm;í bk&m;&Sift&yfawmfonf bk&m;&Siftawmifawmfjzifh (4) awmifom &Sd&rnf/ rZÑdryk&dotawmifESifh (3)qwufvQif (4_3=12) jzpfí(12)awmif &Sdoifh\/ þ (12)awmifudk xyfí acgufcsKd; (= 6 awmif)xnfhjyefvQif igwdkYvlrsm;\ ta&twGufjzifh (18)awmif jzpfoifhonf[kMuHqjcif; jzpfonf/

²²²


ok'ÿgpdwf

ab'euygpdwftmywftcef; NyD;cJhavNyD/ ok'ÿgpdwfrSwfzG,fESifhodp&mrsm; qdkif&modu©myk'frsm;ü Munfh½IMuygav/ odu©myk'fjrefrmjyef-rsm;ukd 0denf;Oya'awmfBuD; pmrsufESm (58)ü qufvufí avhvmEkdif-Muygonf/

'kuú#ftmywfrsm;ukd þusrf;pm pmrsufESm ( )ü a&;om;cJhNyD/tus,f rSwfzG,frSwf&mrsm;udk qkdif&m0denf; usrf;pmtkyfwdkYü Munfh½IrSwfom;Muygukef/

þae&mrSpí &[ef;awmfrsm;ESifh trsm;qkH; xdawGUae&aom t&mrsm;jzpfonfh edó,nf;ç OyZÑm,fç 0wåcEüç qGrf; ouFef; ausmif;aq; ypönf;av;yg;? ,m0umvdupaom umvduav;yg;? tyavmueuH paom uHav;yg;? y&du©&m &Spfyg;? xD; zdeyf ,yf awmifa0S;paom tokH;taqmifypönf;rsm;? aeYpOf tawGUtxdrsm;aom t&mrsm;udk tusOf;csKH;í odom½kH rSwfvG,f½kH oifMum;ykdYcsoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/

ouFef;

pD,wd oÍöD,wDwd pD0&H = &ufvkyftyf pD&iftyfaomaMumifhouFef;rnfygonf/ umoma0e &wåH 0w¬H umom0H = zef&nfjzifhqdk;tyfaomaMumifh ouFef;rnfygonf/


ZmwdouFef;t0wftxnf (6) rsKd;

1/ acgr = ckrfcsnfjzifh &uftyfaom t0wf? (wpfenf;) acgr-wkdif;üjzpfaom t0wf?

2/ uyÜgodu = 0gcsnfjzifh &uftyfaom ydwf zsif Zift0wf?3/ aumao,s = ydk;csnfjzifh &uftyfaom ydk;t0wf?4/ urÁv = om;arG;jzifh &uftyfaom urÁvm(ouúvyf)?5/ omP = ydkufqHavQmfcsnfjzifh &uftyfaom t0wf?6/ b*F = befcsnfjzifh &uftyfaom (wpfenf;) a&SUü jycJhaom

csnfig;rsKd;jzifh a&mí &uftyfaom t0wf/

þodkY ouFef;csKyfzdkY&m t0wf (6)rsKd;udk rSwfyg/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) acgr aumao,s uyÜgo? omP b*Fged urÁvH/

þouFef; (6)xnfudk ZmwdouFef; (6)xnf[kvnf; ac:qdkyg-onf/ xdkYjyif tEkavmrouFef; (6)xnf? yrmPouFef; (9)xnfwdkYudk-vnf; rSwfom;yg/

tEkavmrouFef; (6) xnf

1/ 'kulv = ydkufqHavQmfjzifh jyKtyfaom bGJUjzLouFef;?2/ y¥KPÖ = y¥KPÖt&yfüjzpfaom ydk;ouFef;?3/ aomrm&y¥ = aomrm&t&yfüjzpfaom ydk;ouFef;?4/ pdey¥ = pdet&yfüjzpfaom ydk;ouFef;?5/ £'dZ = wefcdk;jzifhjzpfaom ouFef;?6/ a'0'dEé = ewfu ay;vSLaom ouFef;/

xdk (6)xnfwdkYwGif 'kulvouFef;onf omPouFef;ü avsmf\/y¥KPÖ aomrm&y¥ pdey¥ þokH;xnfonf aumao,souFef;tm;avsmf\/ £'dZ a'0'dEéouFef;wkdYonf acgrouFef;ponf ajcmufxnf-


wkdYwGif wpfyg;yg;jzpfaomaMumifh acgrouFef; ponfwdkYtm; avsmf\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) bGJUjzL y¥KPÖ aomr&? pde wefcdk;ewf?

Zmwftm;avsmfrI þajcmufck? tEkavmrrSwf/

yrmPouFef; (9) xnf

oif; udk,f 'k tdyf? rsuf y&duf? edod'f rdk; trm? oif; udk,f 'k tdyf? rsuf y&duf? edod'f rdk; trm? oif; udk,f 'k tdyf? rsuf y&duf? edod'f rdk; trm? oif; udk,f 'k tdyf? rsuf y&duf? edod'f rdk; trm? oif; udk,f 'k tdyf? rsuf y&duf? edod'f rdk; trm? (0de,oHcdyf)(0de,oHcdyf)(0de,oHcdyf)(0de,oHcdyf)(0de,oHcdyf)

1/ oif; = oif;ydkif (cg;0wf)?

2/ udk,f = udk,f½kH ({uoD)?

3/ 'k = 'kuk#f (ESpfxyfouFef;)?

4/ tdyf = tdyf&mcif; tay:vTrf;?

5/ rsuf = rsufESmokwfyk0g?

6/ y&duf = y&du©m&apmV (vufokwfyk0g a&ppfyk0g oydwftdwf-paom twdktxGmrsm;)?

7/ edod'f = edod'kdef (aeuxdkif? tcif;)?

8/ rdk; = rdk;a&cHouFef; (rdk;&moDwGif rdk;a&csKd;aomtcg 0wf½kHí-csKd;&aom ouFef;)?

9/ trm = trmvTrf;ouFef; (temaygufonfhtcg oif;ydkifudk aoG;jynf rayap&ef twGif;cH tjzpf 0wf&onf/)

yg#da'oeDtmywf

tmywf (6)rsKd; tusOf;csKH;NyD; oifMum;NyD;cJhavNyD/ ,ck yg#da'oeDtmywf (4)rsKd;ukd qufvufjyqdkygrnf/ yg#da'oeDtmywfrsm;udktjcm;tmywfrsm; a'oemajymMum;ouJhodkY rajymMum;&bJ odu©myk'fygVdü yg&Sdonfhtwdkif; oD;jcm; a'oemMum;&\/


]]*g&,SH tm0kaom (baEÅ) "r®H tmyZÆð toyÜg,H yg#da'oeD,H?]]*g&,SH tm0kaom (baEÅ) "r®H tmyZÆð toyÜg,H yg#da'oeD,H?]]*g&,SH tm0kaom (baEÅ) "r®H tmyZÆð toyÜg,H yg#da'oeD,H?]]*g&,SH tm0kaom (baEÅ) "r®H tmyZÆð toyÜg,H yg#da'oeD,H?]]*g&,SH tm0kaom (baEÅ) "r®H tmyZÆð toyÜg,H yg#da'oeD,H?wH y#da'aord}}wH y#da'aord}}wH y#da'aord}}wH y#da'aord}}wH y#da'aord}}[k qdkí a'oemajymMum;&\/ xdkYaMumifh yg#d-a'oeD,[k ac:onf/

tm0kaom tm0kaom tm0kaom tm0kaom tm0kaom = igh&Sif (baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ baEÅ = t&Sifbk&m;)/ t[H t[H t[H t[H t[H = igonf (wynfh-awmfonf)/ *g&,SH *g&,SH *g&,SH *g&,SH *g&,SH = uJh&JUxdkufaom/ toyÜg,H toyÜg,H toyÜg,H toyÜg,H toyÜg,H = ewfjynfedAÁmeftm;ravsmufywfaom/ yg#da'oeD,H yg#da'oeD,H yg#da'oeD,H yg#da'oeD,H yg#da'oeD,H = yg#da'oeDrnfaom/ "r®H "r®H "r®H "r®H "r®H = tmywf-odkY? tmyZÆð tmyZÆð tmyZÆð tmyZÆð tmyZÆð = a&mufygNyD/ wH wH wH wH wH = xdkyg#da'oeDtmywfukd/ y#da'aordy#da'aordy#da'aordy#da'aordy#da'aord= oD;jcm; ajymyg\? (0g) oD;jcm; a'oemMum;yg\/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) þ yg#da'oeDtmywfukd tjcm;tmywfrsm; a'oemMum;-ouJhodkY ½kd;&mtwdkif; a'oemMum;vQifvnf; tmywfrSrx-[k rqdkomacs/ xdkYaMumifh þa'oemMum;enf;jzifh Mum;olenf;yg;aeonf/

1/ yxr yg#da'oeD

&GmwGif;odkY qGrf;cH0ifaom aqGrsKd;rawmfpyfaom &[ef;rdef;r\vufrS cJzG,fudkjzpfap abmZOfudkjzpfap rdrdvufjzifh (udk,fwdkif)cH,lírpm;&/ pm;vQif rsKdwdkif;rsKdwdkif; yxryg#da'oeDtmywf oifh\/

2/ 'kwd,yg#da'oeD

'g,umwdkY qGrf;pm;yifhzdwfí tdrfü &[ef;wdkY qGrf;bkOf;ay;aepOf&[ef;rdef;ru ]]þt&Sif\ oydwfü [if;xnfhay;avmh xrif;xnfhay;-avmh}}[k pD&if ajymqdkjim;tHh? xdk&[ef;rdef;rudk wpfOD;wpfa,mufaom&[ef;urQ ]]ESr ..&[ef;awmfwdkY qGrf;bkOf;ay;aewkef; oif wjcm;odkYoGm;aeavmh}}[k rarmif;rJbJvsuf qufvufcH,lí rpm;&/ pm;vQifrsKdwdkif;rsKdwdkif; 'kwd,yg#da'oeDtmywf oifh\/


(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) þyxrESifh'kwd, yg#da'oeDodu©myk'fESpfyk'fwdkYonf ,cktcgü bdu©KeDrrsm; r&Sdawmhí tmywfoifhzdkY&mtaMumif;r&Sdawmhyg/

3/ wwd,yg#da'oeD

]aou©}[k orkwftyfukefaom tMuiftrsKd;wdkYonf &Sdukef\/xdkodkY oabm&Sdukefaom aou©[korkwftyfukefaom trsKd;wdkYü tdrf\OypmodkY ra&mufrD a&SUtzdkYu yifhvnf; ryifhtyf? *dvmevnf; r[kwfbJcJzG,fudkjzpfap abmZOfudkjzpfap rdrdudk,fwdkif cH,lí cJrlvnf; cJjim;tHh?pm;rlvnf; pm;jim;tHh? xdk&[ef;onf ]]*g&,SH tm0kaom "r®H tmyZÆð]]*g&,SH tm0kaom "r®H tmyZÆð]]*g&,SH tm0kaom "r®H tmyZÆð]]*g&,SH tm0kaom "r®H tmyZÆð]]*g&,SH tm0kaom "r®H tmyZÆðtoyÜg,H yg#da'oeD,H? wH y#da'aord}}toyÜg,H yg#da'oeD,H? wH y#da'aord}}toyÜg,H yg#da'oeD,H? wH y#da'aord}}toyÜg,H yg#da'oeD,H? wH y#da'aord}}toyÜg,H yg#da'oeD,H? wH y#da'aord}}[k qdkí oD;jcm; a'oemajym&rnf/

(rSwfcsu(rSwfcsu(rSwfcsu(rSwfcsu(rSwfcsuf) aou©[k orkwf&avmufatmif o'gw&m;aumif;aomf-vnf; ypönf;Opöm qkwf,kwfaeaomaMumifh tvSLcHvmo-rQ qGrf;cHvmorQudk vSLaevQif xdkolwdkY ykdí yifyef;oGm;-rnf pdk;aomaMumifh a&S;OD;pGm odrfxJü oHCmpnf;a0;íÚwfur®0gpmjzifh ]aou©}[k orkwfxm;&onf/ xdktdrfüoHCmawmfwdkY qGrf;cHjcif;paom tvSLcHrI rjyK&[k ynwf-awmfrlí olwdkY wwfEdkiforQ yifhzdwfaomtcgüomvQifolwdkY o'gw&m;rysufatmif tvSLcH&ef cGifhjyKawmfrljcif;jzpfonf/

þodu©myk'fawmfü bk&m;&Sif\ u½kPmawmf arwåmawmfESifhajrmfjrifawmfrlykHrsm;udk pOf;pm;qifjcif MunfndKNyD;vQif rdrdwdkYESifh pyfqdkif-&m 'g,um'g,dumrwdkYtm;vnf; olwdkY vSLvdkwdkif; vufrcHbJ t&m&maxmufxm;í tvSLcHoifhrS cHapvdkaom bk&m;&Sif\ tvdkawmfudkem;vnfMuygav/


aou©yk*¾dKvfESifh aou©[korkwfykH

aomwmyef ou'g*grf tem*grf (t&d,m)jzpfNyD;olrsm;udk ]aou©}[k ac:\/ xkdolwdkYum; ]aou©tppftrSef}]aou©tppftrSef}]aou©tppftrSef}]aou©tppftrSef}]aou©tppftrSef}rsm;wnf;/ (aou© = usifhqJyk*¾dKvf) xdkodkY t&d,mjzpfNyD;olrsm;onf tvSL'geü vGefpGm arGUavsmfMu\/ tppftrSef tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfu olwdkYESifhxdkufwefaom ypönf;udktvSLcHvmvQif rdrdrSm &Sdaeaomypönf;udk ray;rvSLbJ raeEdkifMu?þum; aou©yk*¾dKvfwdkY\ xkH;pHwnf;/

tdrfwpftdrfüum; orD;cifyGef; ZeD;armifESHESpfa,mufvkH;yif aou©(t&d,m) rjzpfao;aomfvnf; o'gw&m;rSm aou© (t&d,m)wdkYuJhodkY-yif xufoefMu\/ ypönf;OpömrSm qkwf,kwfaetHh? (vSL&vGef;íjzpfapta&mif;t0,f raumif;íjzpfap wpfenf;enf;jzifh qkwf,kwfaetHh?)oHCmtrsm;tm; odrftwGif;ü pka0;um Úwåd'kwd,ur®0gpmjzifhxdktdrfoltdrfom;rsm;ukd ]aou©}[k orkwfxm;&avonf/

orkwfykH

a&S;OD;pGm ausmif;wdkufwGif;ü &[ef;awmfrsm;udk odrftwGif;ütcsif;csif; ESpfawmifhxGmtwGif; &Sdatmif pka0;ap&\/ oHCmpkHnD-aomtcg oGufoGufvufvuf xufxufjrufjruf&Sdaom &[ef;awmfwpfyg;onf ]ur®0gpm uHjyKaompum;}[kac:aom ygVdpum;jzifhatmufygtaMumif;t&mudk oHCmawmftm; ajymjy&onf/ xkdodkYajymjyjcif;udkyif ]ur®0gzwfjcif;} ]ur®0gzwfjcif;} ]ur®0gzwfjcif;} ]ur®0gzwfjcif;} ]ur®0gzwfjcif;}[k ac:onf/ trSefrSm pmrMunfhbJ&Gwfqdk&rnfom jzpfonf/ pmMunfhzwfjcif;um; t&usufrxm;Edkifíç&aomfvnf; rawmfwq ur®0gpm wpfvkH;wpfav rSm;rnfpdk;í Munfhzwfjcif; jzpfonf/


ur®0gpmzwfykH

Úwfpum; ---------------- okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm (£w¬EémrH) ukvH- okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm (£w¬EémrH) ukvH- okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm (£w¬EémrH) ukvH- okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm (£w¬EémrH) ukvH- okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm (£w¬EémrH) ukvHo'¨g, 0¹wd? abma*e [m,wd? ,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCmo'¨g, 0¹wd? abma*e [m,wd? ,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCmo'¨g, 0¹wd? abma*e [m,wd? ,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCmo'¨g, 0¹wd? abma*e [m,wd? ,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCmo'¨g, 0¹wd? abma*e [m,wd? ,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCm(£w¬Eémró) ukvó aou©or®Kwð 'a',s? {om Úwåd/(£w¬Eémró) ukvó aou©or®Kwð 'a',s? {om Úwåd/(£w¬Eémró) ukvó aou©or®Kwð 'a',s? {om Úwåd/(£w¬Eémró) ukvó aou©or®Kwð 'a',s? {om Úwåd/(£w¬Eémró) ukvó aou©or®Kwð 'a',s? {om Úwåd/

ur®0gpm ----------- okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm (£w¬EémrH) ukvH o'g,- okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm (£w¬EémrH) ukvH o'g,- okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm (£w¬EémrH) ukvH o'g,- okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm (£w¬EémrH) ukvH o'g,- okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm (£w¬EémrH) ukvH o'g,0¹wd? abma*e [m,wd? oHaCm (£w¬Eémró) ukvó0¹wd? abma*e [m,wd? oHaCm (£w¬Eémró) ukvó0¹wd? abma*e [m,wd? oHaCm (£w¬Eémró) ukvó0¹wd? abma*e [m,wd? oHaCm (£w¬Eémró) ukvó0¹wd? abma*e [m,wd? oHaCm (£w¬Eémró) ukvóaou©or®Kwð a'wd? ,óm,o®awm crwd (£w¬Eémró) ukvóaou©or®Kwð a'wd? ,óm,o®awm crwd (£w¬Eémró) ukvóaou©or®Kwð a'wd? ,óm,o®awm crwd (£w¬Eémró) ukvóaou©or®Kwð a'wd? ,óm,o®awm crwd (£w¬Eémró) ukvóaou©or®Kwð a'wd? ,óm,o®awm crwd (£w¬Eémró) ukvóaou©or®Kwd,m 'geH? aom wkPSó/ ,ó eu©rwd? aomaou©or®Kwd,m 'geH? aom wkPSó/ ,ó eu©rwd? aomaou©or®Kwd,m 'geH? aom wkPSó/ ,ó eu©rwd? aomaou©or®Kwd,m 'geH? aom wkPSó/ ,ó eu©rwd? aomaou©or®Kwd,m 'geH? aom wkPSó/ ,ó eu©rwd? aombmao,s/bmao,s/bmao,s/bmao,s/bmao,s/

xkd t&Sifonf ]igoabmrwl}[k ajymEkdif uefYuGufEdkifonf/ (þodkYar;aomtcg rnfolrQ ruefYuGufbJ qdwfqdwfaeMuvQif xdkaou©-orkwfrI txajrmufawmh\/)

ed*kH;pum; ed*kH;pum; ed*kH;pum; ed*kH;pum; ed*kH;pum; ----------- 'dEém oHaCe (£w¬Eémró) ukvó aou©or®Kwd?- 'dEém oHaCe (£w¬Eémró) ukvó aou©or®Kwd?- 'dEém oHaCe (£w¬Eémró) ukvó aou©or®Kwd?- 'dEém oHaCe (£w¬Eémró) ukvó aou©or®Kwd?- 'dEém oHaCe (£w¬Eémró) ukvó aou©or®Kwd?crwd oHCó? wo®m wkPSD? {0arwH "m&,mrd/crwd oHCó? wo®m wkPSD? {0arwH "m&,mrd/crwd oHCó? wo®m wkPSD? {0arwH "m&,mrd/crwd oHCó? wo®m wkPSD? {0arwH "m&,mrd/crwd oHCó? wo®m wkPSD? {0arwH "m&,mrd/

þtcsdefusrS orkwfrIudpö NyD;pD;\/ þodkY orkwfxm;aom tdrfrScJzG,f abmZOfrsm;udk qGrf;cHovdk udk,fwdkif rcH,l&awmhacs/

rSwfom;zG,f A[kokw

þae&m0,f ]abmZOf rwånKwm} (tvdkufodrI)[k a[mawmf-rlonfESifhpyfí usrf;pmwdkYü zGifhavh&Sdaom tvdkufodykHrsm;udk odxm;-oifhonf/ &[ef; omraPrsm;onf aqGrsKd;rawmfaom tvSL&Sif(odkYr[kwf) ]]tvdk&Sd&m awmif;cHyg}}[k zdwfrefavQmufxm;jcif; r&Sdzl;aomtvSL&SifwdkYxHrS rnfonfhypönf;udkrQç t,kwfqkH; a&udkrQ rawmif;-aumif;aMumif; aocd, olayg'e0dÚwådodu©myk'fç ouFef; ponfrSmtnmwu0dnwådodu©myk'fwdkYjzifh odyg/


tvSL&Sif (3) rsKd;

þae&mü tvSLcHaumif;aom (1) Ówd = aqGrsKd;tvSL&Sif? (2)y0g&dw = zdwfrefxm;aom tvSL&Sif? (3) qGrf;cHovdk&yfí bmrQrajymbJ tvSLcH&aom tvSL&Sif[k (3)rsKd; &Sd\/ þ (3)rsKd;wdkYtay:ütvSLcHyk*¾dKvfu tvdkufod&aom tcsuf (3) csuf &Sd\/

tcsuf (3) csuf

xkdokH;csufum; - 1/ tvSL&Sif\ tvkdqE 2/ vSLzG,f0w¬K\yrmP(tenf;trsm;) 3/ tvSLcHyk*¾dKvf\ twkdif;t&SnfodrI - þokH;yg;wkdY-wnf;/ xkdwGif ---

1/ tvSL&SifrSm ypönf;Opöm aygrsm;ygaomfvnf; olYqE´u enf;enf;-om vSLvkdvQif (olYrSm ypönf;Opöm rnfrQyifaygayg rdrdrSm rnfrQyiftokH;vkdvdk) ol\qE´ç ol\o'¨gw&m;ukdvkdufí enf;enf;omtvSLcHyg/ rsm;rsm;tvSLcHaevQif ol\ o'¨gç qE´ESifh rukdufnDítvkdufrod&m a&mufvdrfhrnf/

2/ tvSL&Sifonf o'¨gw&m; aumif;vS\? rdrdtwGufqkdvQif ukefukefcrf;crf; vSL'gef;rnfom/ okdYaomf olYrSm ypönf;Opömum; aygrsm;-vSonf r[kwf? (vSLzG,f0w¬Kum; enf;enf;om &Sdae\?) xkduJhokdY-aom tvSL&SifrsKd;xH (olYo'gw&m; b,favmufyif aumif;aumif;çrdrdrSm rnfrQyif tokH;vkdvkd) ol\ vSLzG,f0w¬Ktajctaeukd axmufxm;í enf;enf;yg;yg;om tvSLcHyg/

rsm;rsm;tvSLcHaevQif olYrSm&Sdaom ypönf;ESifh rukdufnDí tvkduf-rod&m a&mufvdrfhrnf [lvkd? þodu©myk'ft& aou©rsKd;[k ur®0gpmjzifhorkwf&jcif;rSmvnf; þtvSL&SifrsKd;ukd n§mwmjcif;yifwnf;/

3/ tvSL&SifwpfOD;um; ypönf;OpömawGvnf; aygrsm;\? o'¨gw&m;-vnf; aumif;vS\? okdYaomf (olu wpf&mwef vSLEkdifaomfvnf;


rdrdrSm wpfq,fwefom tokH;vkdvQif) rdrd tokH;vkdoavmufomtvSLcHyg/ tvSL&Sifu ypönf;aygoavmuf o'¨gw&m; aumif;-oavmuf tvSLcHaevQif rdrdokH;í ykdaeorQ tcsnf;ESD;jzpfp&m-&SdaomaMumifh (bkef;BuD;awG tvkdufrodwwfbl;[k) ab;vlrsm;\tuJht&JU'Pfukd wpfomoemvkH; cH&rnf[lvkd/ xkdaMumifh tvSLcH-yk*¾dKvfwdkYrSm tbufbufu tvkdufodwwfrSom vltrsm;ESifhqufqH&m0,f ajyajyjypfjypf jzpfEkdifzG,f&m &Sdygonf/({uedygw t*Fkwå&t|uxm 0D&d,m&rÇm'd0*f? bk&m;Oya'awmfBuD;?275??)

owåm[umvdu ,mrumvdu ,m0ZD0duwkdYukd tm[m&tvkdY-iSm tvSLcHvQif 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/

4/ pwkw¬yg#da'oeD

ckd;olç olykefwkdYjzifh &GH&SmzG,f ,kHrSm;zG,f&Sd\[k orkwftyfaomab;bsrf;ESifhwuGjzpfaom awm&ausmif;üaeaom &[ef;onf rdrd-tm; ]cJzG,fç abmZOfwkdYukd vmvSLygrnf[k} a&S;OD;pGm BudKwifíravQmufxm;bJ ykdYvSLvmaom cJzG,fukdjzpfapç abmZOfukdjzpfap tm&mrftwGif;ü remrzsm;bJvsuf rdrdvufjzifh (ukd,fwkdif) cH,lí rpm;&/pm;vQif rsKdwkdif;rsKdwkdif; pwkw¬yg#da'oeDtmywf oifhí ]]*g&,SH]]*g&,SH]]*g&,SH]]*g&,SH]]*g&,SHtm0kaom (baEÅ) "r®H tmyZÆð toyÜg,H yg#da'oeD,H? wH y#da'aord}}tm0kaom (baEÅ) "r®H tmyZÆð toyÜg,H yg#da'oeD,H? wH y#da'aord}}tm0kaom (baEÅ) "r®H tmyZÆð toyÜg,H yg#da'oeD,H? wH y#da'aord}}tm0kaom (baEÅ) "r®H tmyZÆð toyÜg,H yg#da'oeD,H? wH y#da'aord}}tm0kaom (baEÅ) "r®H tmyZÆð toyÜg,H yg#da'oeD,H? wH y#da'aord}}[kqkdí a'oemMum;&rnf/ (cH,ltHh 'kuú#f? rsKdwkdif;rsKdwkdif; yg#da'oeD-tmywfoifh\/)

ykaAÁ tyÜ#doH0d'dwH ykaAÁ tyÜ#doH0d'dwH ykaAÁ tyÜ#doH0d'dwH ykaAÁ tyÜ#doH0d'dwH ykaAÁ tyÜ#doH0d'dwH - ]ykAÁ}t& a&S;OD;pGm[lonf tm&mrf\ OypmokdYra&mufrD a&S;a&S;tcsdeftcgrsm;wnf;? eufjzef abmZOfukd awm-ausmif;okdkY oGm;í ykdYvkdvQif ,aeYvkdujzpfapç tm&mrfOypmokdY ra&muf-rD tcsdefuyfíjzpfap rnfolu cJzG,fukd (okdY) abmZOfukd (okdY) ESpfrsKd;-vkH;ukd ykdYvSLvmygvdrfhrnfbk&m;}}[k a&S;OD;pGm BudKwifí ravQmuftyf-


aom tmrdoukd ]tyÜ#doH0d'dw}[k ac:onf/ eufjzef rnfoluqGrf;uyfvmygvdrfhrnf[k ravQmuftyf [lvkd/

BudKwifíodapjcif; tusKd;BudKwifíodapjcif; tusKd;BudKwifíodapjcif; tusKd;BudKwifíodapjcif; tusKd;BudKwifíodapjcif; tusKd;

wifBudKí avQmufxm;vmaomtcg ]]teD;tyg;rSm ckd;olab;&ef-awG&SdaMumif;}}ukd ajymjy&ojzifh tvSL&SifwkdYrSm ab;tEÅ&m,fawGvGwfuif;atmif tapmifhta&Smufrsm;pGmESifh vmEkdifcGifh&jcif; tusKd;&Sd\/xkdYjyif ckd;ol olykefrsm;ukdvnf; ]]eufjzef qGrf;ykdYvmol vlawGvmMu-vdrfhrnf oifwkdYukd rzrf;rdatmif rodatmif vGwf&mokdY a&SmifaeMu}}[kowday;&jcif; tusKd;&Sdonf/

xkdokdY ajymrxm;vQif ]]&[ef;rsm;onf igwkdYukdrQ owdray;Mu}}[ktvSL&Sifbufç ckd;olbuf ESpfbufvkH;uyif tjypfwifp&m &Sdonf/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) aemufqkH;uGufZ,m;onf bdu©KeDrESifh oDv&Sifrsm;twGuf&nf&G,fonf/

r[m0gygVdawmfü q&mav;yg; wynfhav;yg;wkdYukd tztrSwf-om;trSwftaejzifh pdwfxm;&ef a[mawmfrlonf/ ck'ódu©mbm-

q&m wynfh txuf txuf atmuf

1 Mo0g'gp&d, Mo0g'aEÅ0godu tzkd; tzGm; ajr;ç jrpf

2 OyZÑmp&d, o'd0d[m&du taz tar om;ôrD;

3 yAÁZÆmp&d, yAÁZÆaEÅ0godu OD;av; a':av; wl wlr

4 OyorÜ'gp&d, OyorÜ'aEÅ0godu OD;BuD; a':BuD; wl wlr

5 "r®mp&d, "r®aEÅ0godu baxG; t&D;av; wl wlr

6 edó,mp&d, edó,aEÅ0godu bBuD; t&D;BuD; wl wlr

omoemwGif;aqGrsKd; avmuOyrmaqGrsKd;

0denf;a'oemawmfvm omoemaqGrsKd;pyfykH

7 orElyZÑm,u orElyZÑm,u tBuD;tukd ti,fnDtpfrÊSr

armif nDr

nDtpfrÊSr

armif ESr8 oremp&d,u oremp&d,u tpfukd


om#Dum (pmrsufESm-208 ü tmp&d,onf OD;BuD; OD;av;? bBuD;baxG;ESifh wl\? taEÅ0goduwynfhum; wlESifh wlonf[k qkdxm;ygonf/)

OyZÑm,fç edó,nf;q&mt*Fg

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) q,f0g&vQif;ç 0dbif;ESpfjzmç EIwfwufpGmç ur®mur®od/0wfcEü? ausyGefvS? ajrmufx OyZÆd/OyZÑm,fq&m? edó,nf;q&m? t*Fg xl;r&Sd/

edó,rkpöu = edó,nf;vGwf aeEkdifol

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) ig;0gjynfhajrmufç ygwdarmufEIwfç Oykofy0g&Pmç ur®mur®ausvnfuç vGwfx edó,nf;/

wpfenf; edó,rkpöu t*Fg (7) yg;

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) a'Grmwdumç ur®mur® ig;0g&[kç vkd&if;pkESifh trÁ|wkç 0w¬Kpom; w&m;okH;yk'fç okwfESpft*Fgç bm0emç rSD&mvGwfaMumif;ckepfwnf;/

trÁ|ESifhwlaom wpfckaom 0w¬Kpum; tEu0dEokwfç r[m&m[k-avm0g'okwf ponf ---

1/ 'getusKd; paomw&m;? 2/ r*Fvmw&m;? 3/ tr*Fvm tokbw&m; okH;yk'fç bm0em[lonf orx 0dyóem t&[wåzkdvfaygufur®|mef;w&m; tm;xkwfzkdY&ef oifxm;jcif;/

ausmif;xkdifç y&dowftvkyftauGs;cH t*Fg (5) yg;

1/ q,f0g&NyD;jcif;? 2/ bdu©K0dbif; bdu©KeD0dbif;ukd &jcif;? 3/uHBuD; uHi,fwkdYukd odjcif;? 4/ r[m0gcEü plV0gcEüvm pk'ócEü-0wfukd oif&jcif;? 5/ emrf ½kyftykdif;tjcm;udk odapjcif;iSm rlvyPÖmo


jzpfapç okwfr[m0gjzpfapç o*gxm0*¾ ed'ge0*¾oH,kwfjzpfapç t*kFwådK&fxuf0uf (ig;0*f)rQjzpfapç t|uxmESifhwuGaom Zmwfç 0w¬KESifh-wuGaom "r®y'wkdYukd oif&jcif;? þt*FgwkdYESifh jynfhpkHvQif 'domyg-armu©q&m? ausmif;xkdifí &Sifi,f &[ef;i,f y&dowfarG;EkdifNyD; q&m-wpfqlvkyfí y&dowftvkyftauGs; cHxkdufNyD[k od/ (r[m0g?90/)

oa'¨g [d&drm MowåyÜd tm&'¨0D&da,m Oy|dwówd a[mwd/ygVdawmfü taou© oDvcE©ç taou© orm"du©Eç ynmu©Eç 0drkwådcEç0drkwådÓP'óecE¨ ponfh t*Fgrsm; a[mMum;xm;ygonf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) q,f0gjynfhwif;ç 0dbif;ESpfjzmç ur®mur®ç cEüyk'fç emrf½kyfykdifykdkifç a[mjyEkdifrIç okwåefpkç oifjyK ausmif;xkdif ig;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) q,f0g jynfhwif;ç 0dbif; ESpfjzmç ur®mur®ç cEüyk'fç emrf½kyfykdifykdifç a[mjyEkdifíç yef;&ef vuform;ç ckdif;wwfjim;ç rSwf-om; ausmif;xkdif ckepfwnf;/ (yJcl;Mucwf0kdif;q&mawmf)

edó,nf;Nidrf;ysufaMumif;t*Fg (6) yg;

1/ edó,nf;q&mujzpfap? rdrdujzpfap t&yfwpfyg;yg;okdY zJcGm-oGm;jcif;?2/ wdw¬dwkdYabmif ul;ajymif;oGm;jcif;? 3/ vlxGufjcif;? 4/aoqkH;ysHvGefjcif;? 5/ ESifxkwfcH&jcif;? 6/ OyZÑm,fq&mESifh awGU-qkHjcif; - þt*Fgajcmufyg; wpfyg;yg; jzpfvQif edó,nf; Nidrf;ysuf\/ xyfrHí edó,nf;,l&rnf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) zJç ajymif;ç vlç ao? ESifç awGUay? ysufav edó,nf; ajcmufyg;wnf;/

0wf rausyGefaom wynfhukd ESifxkwfykH

1/ oifhukd ESifyg\/2/ oifonf þae&mokdY r0ifygvifh/


3/ oif\ oydwf ouFef;ukd xkwfaqmifygavmh/4/ oifonf ighukd rvkyfauR;oifh rvkyfauR;xkduf[k qkdí ESif&rnf/

rESifxkwfxkdufaom t*Fgig;yg;

1/ tmp&d,rSd t"drwåm ayrH a[mwd = q&mOyZÑm,fü tvGefcspfjcif;/

2/ t"drawåm yoma'g a[mwd = tvGef MunfndK\/3/ t"drwåm [d&D a[mwd = tvGef &Suf\/4/ t"drawåm *g&a0g a[mwd = tvGef ½kdao\/5/ t"drwåm bm0em a[mwd = tvGef arwåmyGm;tyf\/

þt*Fgig;yg;ESifh jynfhpkHaom wynfhwkdYukd rESifxkwf&? þt*Fgig;yg;ESifh rjynfhpkHvQif ESifxkwf&rnf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) tvGefw&m? cspfumMunfay? ½kdao &Sufum? arwåmrQ? wynfhusrESif&m? xkdrSjyefu ajymif;jyefy? wynfhus ESifypf&m/

usefaom t"dyÜm,frsm; r[m0gygVdawmfü rsm;pGm&Sdygao;onf?Munfh½IMuygav? pk'ócEü0wfukd tusOf;tm;jzifh rSwfom;Ekdif&efwifjyygrnf/ ygVdawmfudk tukefra&;bJ teufqGJNyD;ay;um t&usuf-rSwf&ef jzpfonf/

pk'ócEü0wf ygVdawmftusOf;

pk'ó cEü0wåmed emr cEäu 0kwåmed? uxH¿pk'ó cEü0wåmed emr cEäu 0kwåmed? uxH¿pk'ó cEü0wåmed emr cEäu 0kwåmed? uxH¿pk'ó cEü0wåmed emr cEäu 0kwåmed? uxH¿pk'ó cEü0wåmed emr cEäu 0kwåmed? uxH¿1/1/1/1/1/ tm*EÅKu0wåH? 2/ tm0godu0wåH? 3/ *rdu0wåH? 4/ tEkarm-tm*EÅKu0wåH? 2/ tm0godu0wåH? 3/ *rdu0wåH? 4/ tEkarm-tm*EÅKu0wåH? 2/ tm0godu0wåH? 3/ *rdu0wåH? 4/ tEkarm-tm*EÅKu0wåH? 2/ tm0godu0wåH? 3/ *rdu0wåH? 4/ tEkarm-tm*EÅKu0wåH? 2/ tm0godu0wåH? 3/ *rdu0wåH? 4/ tEkarm-

'em0wåH? 5/ bwå*¾0wåH? 6/ yd@pm&du0wåH? 7/ tm&nu0wåH? 8/'em0wåH? 5/ bwå*¾0wåH? 6/ yd@pm&du0wåH? 7/ tm&nu0wåH? 8/'em0wåH? 5/ bwå*¾0wåH? 6/ yd@pm&du0wåH? 7/ tm&nu0wåH? 8/'em0wåH? 5/ bwå*¾0wåH? 6/ yd@pm&du0wåH? 7/ tm&nu0wåH? 8/'em0wåH? 5/ bwå*¾0wåH? 6/ yd@pm&du0wåH? 7/ tm&nu0wåH? 8/aoemoe0wåH? 9/ ZEÅmC&0wåH? 10/ 0pöuk#d0wåH? 11/ OyZÑm,0wåH?aoemoe0wåH? 9/ ZEÅmC&0wåH? 10/ 0pöuk#d0wåH? 11/ OyZÑm,0wåH?aoemoe0wåH? 9/ ZEÅmC&0wåH? 10/ 0pöuk#d0wåH? 11/ OyZÑm,0wåH?aoemoe0wåH? 9/ ZEÅmC&0wåH? 10/ 0pöuk#d0wåH? 11/ OyZÑm,0wåH?aoemoe0wåH? 9/ ZEÅmC&0wåH? 10/ 0pöuk#d0wåH? 11/ OyZÑm,0wåH?12/ o'd0d[m&du0wåH? 13/ tmp&d,0wåH? 14/ taEÅ0godu0wåÍömwd12/ o'd0d[m&du0wåH? 13/ tmp&d,0wåH? 14/ taEÅ0godu0wåÍömwd12/ o'd0d[m&du0wåH? 13/ tmp&d,0wåH? 14/ taEÅ0godu0wåÍömwd12/ o'd0d[m&du0wåH? 13/ tmp&d,0wåH? 14/ taEÅ0godu0wåÍömwd12/ o'd0d[m&du0wåH? 13/ tmp&d,0wåH? 14/ taEÅ0godu0wåÍömwd£rmed pk'ó cEü0wåmed? {wmed p oaAÁoH oAÁ'g p ,xm&[H£rmed pk'ó cEü0wåmed? {wmed p oaAÁoH oAÁ'g p ,xm&[H£rmed pk'ó cEü0wåmed? {wmed p oaAÁoH oAÁ'g p ,xm&[H£rmed pk'ó cEü0wåmed? {wmed p oaAÁoH oAÁ'g p ,xm&[H£rmed pk'ó cEü0wåmed? {wmed p oaAÁoH oAÁ'g p ,xm&[Hp&dwAÁmed/p&dwAÁmed/p&dwAÁmed/p&dwAÁmed/p&dwAÁmed/


cEü0wfteuf jyefqkdykH

pk'o = pk'o = pk'o = pk'o = pk'o = wpfq,fhav;yg;ukefaom/ cEu0wåmed emr =cEu0wåmed emr =cEu0wåmed emr =cEu0wåmed emr =cEu0wåmed emr = cEu0wfrnfonfwkdYukd/ cEäu = cEäu = cEäu = cEäu = cEäu = r[m0gcEü plV0gcEüü/ b*0wm =b*0wm =b*0wm =b*0wm =b*0wm =jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf/ 0kwåmed =0kwåmed =0kwåmed =0kwåmed =0kwåmed = a[mMum;awmfrltyfukef\/ uxHuxHuxHuxHuxH0kwåmed = 0kwåmed = 0kwåmed = 0kwåmed = 0kwåmed = tb,fokdY a[mMum;awmfrltyfukefoenf; [lrlum; ---

1/ tm*EÅKu0wåÍö = tm*EÅKu0wåÍö = tm*EÅKu0wåÍö = tm*EÅKu0wåÍö = tm*EÅKu0wåÍö = ausmif;wkduftm&mrfwGif;okdY r0ifrD zdeyfcRwf-jcif; (,mOfay:rSqif;jcif;) xD;½kyfjcif;? OD;acgif;jcHKukd zGifhjcif;? OD;acgif;üwifxm;aom ouFef;ukd yckH;okdY csjcif;? ajcaq;a&ukd vufwpfzufjzifhavmif;í vufwpfzufjzifh yGwfjcif;? a&ukd pifMu,fatmif okwfjcif;?zdeyfukd pifMu,fatmif okwfjcif;? oDwif;BuD;ukd &Sdckd;jcif;? oDwif;i,fukd&Sdckd;cHjcif;? aexkdif&rnfh ausmif;tdyf&mae&mukd ar;jcif;? qGrf;cH&Gmukdar;jcif;? ]aou©}[k orkwftyfukefaom 'g,umukd ar;jcif;? usifBuD;-pGefY&m usifi,fpGefY&m Xmeukd ar;jcif;? aomufa& okH;a&ukd ar;jcif;?oHCm\ uwdu0wfukd ar;jcif;? aexkdif&rnfh ausmif;onf trIduftpk>yrf;aomf pGrf;Ekdifrl okwfoif&jcif;? ykd;tdrfyifhulrQif &SdtHh? Adwmefrsuf-ESmusufrSpí y,f&Sm;&jcif;? uk#if anmifapmif; tif;ysOf bkHvQKd axG;cHponfukd aevSef;yGwfwkdufí xm;jrJae&mü xm;&jcif;? anmifapmif;-atmuf tcif;&Sdaom ae&mü oydwfukd xm;&jcif;? at;aom tcgjzpfrlaeYtcgü avoGefwHcg;wkdYukd zGifh&jcif;? nOfhtcgü ydwf&jcif;? yltkduf-aomtcgjzpfrl aeYtcgü ydwf&jcif;? nOfhtcgü zGifh&jcif;? jrLESifhwuG-aom avvmvQif wHcg;ukd ydwf&jcif;? ausmif;wkdufy&d0kPf wHcg;rkcfrD;wif;ukyf usifBuD;tdrf usifi,ftdrfponfwkdYü trIduf&SdtHh wHjruf-vSnf;&jcif;? aomufa&okH;a& oefYoufa& r&Sdu wnfxm; avmif;-xnfhxm;&jcif;paom tm*EÅKu&[ef; omraPwkdY jyK&maom 0wfvnf;aumif;/


2/ tm0godu0wåÍö =tm0godu0wåÍö =tm0godu0wåÍö =tm0godu0wåÍö =tm0godu0wåÍö = tm*EÅKu oDwif;BuD;&[ef;ukd jrifvQifae&mcif;&jcif;? c&D;OD;BudKqkd&jcif;? oydwfouFef;ukd vSrf;,l&jcif;?ajcaq;a& ajcaq;tif;ysOf ponfwkdYukd teD;ü xm;&jcif;? aomufa&-jzifh ar;&jcif;? pGrf;Ekdifrl zdeyfukd okwf&jcif;? tm*EÅKu&[ef;BuD;ukd&Sdckd;&jcif;? oDwif;i,fukd &Sdckd;ap&jcif;? ausmif;tdyf&mae&mukd cif;ay;-&jcif;? aezl;onf raezl;onfukd ajym&jcif;? qGrf;cH&Gmukd ajym&jcif;?aou©[k orkwftyfukefaom 'g,umwkdYukd ajymMum;&jcif;? aomufa&okH;aqmifa&ukd ajymMum;&jcif;? usifBuD;pGefY&m usifi,fpGefY&m t&yfukdajymMum;&jcif;? þtcsdefü 0if&rnf þtcsdefü xGuf&rnf[k oHCm\uwdu0wfukd ajym&jcif; paom tm0godu&[ef; omraPwkdY jyK&m-aom0wfvnf;aumif;/

3/ *rdu0wåÍö =*rdu0wåÍö =*rdu0wåÍö =*rdu0wåÍö =*rdu0wåÍö = opfb@m ajrb@mponfwkdYukd okdrSD;jcif;? wHcg;r avomwHcg;wkdYukd ydwfjcif;? &[ef;jzpfapç omraPjzpfapç tm&mrf-apmifhjzpfapç Oygoumukdjzpfap yefajymí oGm;&jcif;? xkdolwkdY r&Sdrlrkd;rpkdaom ae&maxmifhü ausmufcJav;vkH;wkdYü anmifapmif;ukd cif;íanmif;apmif;tqifhqifh tif;ysOftqifhqifh jyifí tdyf&mae&mwkdYukdtay:ü ykHí opfb@m ajrb@mwkdYukd odrf;qnf;í wHcg;r avom-wHcg;wkdYukd ydwfvsuf zJoGm;&jcif;? ausmif;tvkH;pkH rkd;,kdcJhaomf pGrf;Ekdifrlrkd;cJh&rnf? aMumifhMupkduf&rnf? r&ukefrl vGifwD;acgifü ,ciftwkdif;anmifapmif;tqifhqifh tif;ysOftqifhqifh wifí opfb@m ajr-b@m ypönf;tm;vkH;wifí jrufopf&Guf xef;&Gufponfjzifh zkH;tkyfíjzpfap eD;&m&GmokdY ykdYaqmifíjzpfap zJoGm;&jcif;? þokdYpaom c&D;oGm;-tyfaom &[ef;omraPwkdY jyK&maom 0wfvnf;aumif;/

4/ tEkarm'em0wåÍö = tEkarm'em0wåÍö = tEkarm'em0wåÍö = tEkarm'em0wåÍö = tEkarm'em0wåÍö = rax&fBuD;w&m;a[mjcif;? rax&fBuD;uwkdufwGef;rS a[mjcif;? rax&fBuD;tm; yefavQmufía[mjcif;? qGrf;pm;-Z&yfü rax&fBuD; rax&fi,fig;yg; rax&ftyg;rSm qkdif;iHh ae&pfcJh&jcif;?


(tukefjyefr<u&[k qkdvkdonf) paom w&m;a[m&mü jyK&maom0wf-vnf;aumif;/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) qGrf;w&m;a[m&mü yxr rax&fBuD;\ cGifhjyKcsuft&w&m;a[maepOf aemufxyf 0gykdBuD;aom rax&fBuD;a&mufvmvQif cGifhyefMum;zG,f rvkd/

cGifhryefbJ a[mMum;Ekdifjcif;

w&m;pum;a[majym&mü ---

1/ OyedodEéuxm teD;ü xkdifaeolwkdYtm; a[m&aom w&m;pum;?

2/ tEkarm'euxm qGrf;tvSL&SifwkdYtm; a[m&aom w&m;pum;ponfjzifh ESpfrsKd; &Sd\/

OyedodEéuxmüom rax&fBuD; ykdif\? tEkarm'emuxmüum;rax&fBuD; rykdif? xkdYaMumifh tvSL&SifwkdYu rdrdwkdY MunfndKaom &[ef;ukdw&m;a[m (a&pufcs) awmif;yefvQif rax&fBuD;xH cGifhryefbJ a[mrI-aMumifh tmywfroifhyg/ (ck'ódu©m pmrsufESm?227/)

rEkóm twåaem Zmeeubdu©KH tmykpäEÅd? awe ax&HrEkóm twåaem Zmeeubdu©KH tmykpäEÅd? awe ax&HrEkóm twåaem Zmeeubdu©KH tmykpäEÅd? awe ax&HrEkóm twåaem Zmeeubdu©KH tmykpäEÅd? awe ax&HrEkóm twåaem Zmeeubdu©KH tmykpäEÅd? awe ax&HtmykpädwGm uaxwAÁH-tmykpädwGm uaxwAÁH-tmykpädwGm uaxwAÁH-tmykpädwGm uaxwAÁH-tmykpädwGm uaxwAÁH-[k t|uxm rdefYqkdaomaMumifh rax&fBuD;xHcGifhyefíom xkd&[ef;u w&m;pum; a[majymcGifh&onf/

(ck'ódu©m bmom#Dum?226/)

5/ bwå*¾0wåÍö = bwå*¾0wåÍö = bwå*¾0wåÍö = bwå*¾0wåÍö = bwå*¾0wåÍö = tcsufay;aom wkH;ç tkH;armif;ç aMu;pnfçoHacsmif;acgufoHMum;rl xuf0ef;usifrS t0ef;nDpGm oif;ykdifukd 0wfícg;yef;ukd zGJUí {uoDouFef;BuD;wkdYukd ESpfxyfjyKum ½kHí (ausmif;uvkHjcHKrl ESpfxyfouFef; xm;cJhEkdif\/ t½kPfwufcsdefjzpfrl ouFef;BuD;rxm;cJh&?) urÜwfoD;ukd wyfí oydwfukd a&usif; aq;aMumNyD;vQifoydwfukd ½kdaopGm ayGUvG,fí raES;rvsif &GmwGif;okdY aumif;pGm 0if&-


jcif;? rax&fBuD; &[ef;BuD;wkdYukd ausmfwufí rax&fBuD;&[ef;wkdY\a&SUrS roGm;&jcif;? qGrf;pm;Z&yfonf &GmwGif;üjzpfrl aumif;pGm zkH;vTrf;-vsuf oGm;&jcif;? rsufvTmcsvsuf oGm;&jcif;? aumif;pGm £aÈúkdapmifhpnf;vsuf oGm;&jcif;? ouFef;ukd yifhvsuf roGm;&jcif;? jyif;pGm&,farmvsuf roGm;&jcif;? &GmwGif;ü i,faomtoH &Sdonfjzpfí oGm;&-jcif;? aocd,vm om½kyÜodu©myk'frsm;twkdif; usifhjcif;? rax&fBuD;-&[ef;wkdYukd wkd;a0SUvsuf raexkdifjcif;? &[ef;i,fwkdYukd ae&mjzifhvnf;rwm;jrpf&jcif;? &GmwGif;ü ouFef;BuD;ukd zdvsufvnf; raexkdif&jcif;?qGrf;avmif;vSLvwfaomf vufESpfzufwkdYjzifh oydwfukd ukdifí cH&jcif;?axmywf qD vufokwf ponf avmif;rl &[ef;tm;vkH;wkdYtm; tnD-trQjynfhpkHygap[k rax&fBuD;u ajym&jcif;? oydwfü trSwf&SdonfjzpfíoydwftwGif; tem;a&;ESifhnDaom qGrf;ukd cH&jcif;? &[ef;tm;vkH;wkdYtwGuf qGrf;ra&mufrD rax&fBuD;onf qGrf;rpm;&jcif;? aocd,vmabmZeoH,kwå odu©myk'frsm;ESifhtnD qGrf;pm;&jcif;? oydwfudk a&aq;-aomtcg wjcm;okdY rzdwfap&ef ESdrfhcsí axG;cHponfü avmif;xnfh-&jcif;? tmrdo ayusHaom vufjzifh aomufa&cGufukd rukdif&jcif;?vkwfaq;a& vufaq;a&ponfukd tjcm;ae&mrsm;okdY rpifygapvifh[ktm½kHjyKí EdSrfhcsum axG;cHponfü axG;pGefY avmif;xnfh&jcif;? jyef<u-aomtcg rax&fi,frsm;u a&S;OD;pGm jyef<u&jcif;? rax&fBuD;uaemufrS jyef<u&jcif;? (wcsKdUaom ausmif;wkdufrsm;ü rax&fi,fwkdYonfqGrf;pm;tdrfrS a&S;OD;pGm qif;Muí vrf;ay:ü wef;pDapmifhaeNyD; rax&f-BuD;u aemufrS qif;vmum rax&fBuD;u OD;aqmifíyif wef;pDumnDnDnmnm jyef<uonfukd awGU&ygonf/) jyef<uaomtcgüvnf;aocd,om½kyÜodu©myk'frsm;twkdif;yif jyef<u&jcif;? þokdY paomqGrf;pm;Z&yfü jyK&aom0wfvnf;aumif;/


(rSwfcsuf) qGrf;pm;Z&yfonf NrdKU&GmwGif;ü&Sdaom Z&yf? ausmif;wkduf-twGif;ü&Sdaom qGrf;pm;Z&yf[lí ESpfrsKd; &Sdonf/ 'um'umrwkdY vma&mufavmif;vSLMuaom ausmif;wGif;qGrf;-pm;Z&yfüvnf; &GmwGif; Z&yfuJhokdYyif usifhaqmif&rnf[k]zm;atmufawm& q&mawmfbk&m;} rdefYMum;awmfrlonf/

6/ yd@pm&du0wåÍö = opfb@m ajrb@mponfwkdYukd okdrSD;jcif;?oydwfukd a&usif;jcif;? cg;yef;ukd zGJUjcif;? oif;ykdifouFef;wkdYukd t0ef;nDpGm0wf½kHjcif;? {uoDouFef;BuD;wkdYukd ESpfxyfjyKvsuf ½kH&jcif;? urÜwfoD;-ukd wyfvsufç oydwfukd ,lvsuf raES;rvsif &GmwGif;okdY 0if&jcif;?aocd,odu©myk'frsm;ESifhtnD oGm;vm&jcif;? r&SnfrMum &yf&jcif;?tvGef vsifjrefpGm rjyef&jcif;? qGrf;ukd vSLvkdoavmç [if;ukd vSLvkdoavm[lonfudk &yfvsuf rSwfom;&jcif;? (rsufpdxuf0ufjzifh vSrf;-Munfh&rnf[k t|uxm qdk\??) tvkyfukd csjcif;ç ae&mrS xjcif;ça,mufr tkd;cGuf yef;uef okH;oyfjcif;aomfvnf;aumif;ç &yfapaomf-vnf;aumif; vSLvkd&m\[k ESvkH;jyKí &yf&jcif;? oydwfukd ESdrfhívufESpfbufwkdYjzifh oydwfukd ayGUukdifum qGrf;ukd cH&jcif;? qGrf;vSLaomrdef;r\ rsufESm ponfukd rMunfh&jcif;? qGrf;vSLNyD;aomf ouFef;BuD;jzifhoydwfukdzkH;í aumif;pGm raES;rvsif jyef&jcif;? (a&S;u oydwftzkH;rygí ouFef;BuD;ESifh zkH;Mu&onf/) aocd,vm om½kyÜodu©myk'fESifhtnD jyef<u&jcif;? qGrf;cH&GmrS a&S;OD;pGm zJcJhaom jyefcJhaom &[ef;-onf ae&mcif;&jcif;? ajcaq;a& ajcaq; tif;ysOf ajcyGwftkd;jcrf;wkdYukdteD;ü xm;&jcif;? qGrf;OD;xnfh&ef cGufukd (ZvkHBuD;ponfukd) aq;íteD;ü xm;&jcif;? rdrd rpm;vkdaom qGrf; qGrf;[if; ponfwkdYukd xkdcGufüxnfh&jcif;? aomufa&okH;a& teD;ü xm;&jcif;? aemufrS zJcJhaom &[ef;onf pm;<uif;&Sdí pm;vkdrl pm;&jcif;? aemufqkH;jzpfaom &[ef;onf<uif;usefaom qGrf;ç qGrf;[if;wkdYukd rpm;vkdrl jrufç opfyif r&Sd&m


t&yfüaomfvnf; pGefY&jcif;? ykd;rTm;r&Sdaom a&üaomfvnf; oGef&jcif;?ae&mwkdYukd ½kyfodrf;&jcif;? ajcaq;a&ç ajcaq;tif;ysOf ponfwkdYudkodrf;&jcif;? qGrf;OD;xnfh&mcGuf (ZvkHBuD;)ukd aq;í odrf;&jcif;? aomuf-a&okH;a&cGuf odrf;&jcif;? qGrf;pm;ausmif;ukd wHjrufvSnf;&jcif;?aomufa&tdk; okH;a&tkd; oefYoufa&tkd;wkdYü a&tcsnf;ESD;ç a&r&Sd-onfukd jrifaomf xnfhxm;&jcif; a&tkd;ponfukd rcsDr<uEkdifaom&[ef;onf tazmfukd vuf,yfac:í (atmf[pfrac:&[k qkdvkdonf??)vufcsif;,Sufum wnfxm;&jcif;? rcsDr<uEkdifjcif; taMumif;aMumifh-aomfrQvnf; pum;rajym&jcif;? (owdjyKrSwfom;cJhyg) þodkYpaomqGrf;cHvSnfhvnfaom &[ef;omraPwkdY jyK&maom 0wfvnf;aumif;/

7/ t&nu0wåÍö =t&nu0wåÍö =t&nu0wåÍö =t&nu0wåÍö =t&nu0wåÍö = awmae&[ef;onf apmapmxí oydwfukdtdwfü xnfhNyD;vQif yckH;üvG,fvsuf ouFef;ukd yckH;üwifí zdeyfpD;umopfb@m ajrb@m ponfwkdYukd odrf;qnf;í wHcg;r avomjyLwif;-wkdYukd ydwfqdkYNyD;vQif ausmif;rS qif;cJh&jcif;? &Gmt0if0okdYa&mufvQifzdeyfukd cRwfí atmufokdYESdrfhum cgNyD;vQif tdwfüxnfhvsuf yckH;ücsdwfí t0ef;okH;yg;ukd zkH;vTrf;ojzifh t0ef;nDpGm 0wfvsuf cg;yef;ukdzGJUvsuf txyf&SdonfukdjyKí ouFef;BuD;ukd ½kHvsuf urÜwfoD;ukd wyf-vsuf a&aq;í oydwfukd ,lvsuf raES;rvsif aumif;pGm &GmwGif;okdY0if&jcif;?

rSwfcsuf -rSwfcsuf -rSwfcsuf -rSwfcsuf -rSwfcsuf - xm;p&m wnfp&m oydwftdwfukd cGifhjyKonf/ qGrf;cHtdwf cGifhjyKjcif;vnf; r&Sd? y,fjcif;vnf; r&Sd? tcsKdUu y,fMuonf/(a&S;u tjiif;tckH jzpfzl;\/) oydwftdwfjzifh vG,fvsuf qGrf;rcHaumif;[k t,l&Sdaom rax&fwkdYum; awmae&[ef;wkdYtm; &Gmyüom cGifhjyKonf/ &Gm0ifcgeD; cRwf&onf[k t&n0wfukd ukd;um;í oydwftdwfrtyf[k qkdukef\/ omoemykdif *kPfxl;aqmif rax&fBuD;rsm;uyifqkdMuojzifh tqufqufvkdufí qkdukef\/ ,ck oydwftdwfonf uGef-


csm jzpf\? qkdif;ESifh wl\? xkdYaMumifh rtyf[k qkdukef\? cEuü rtyf[kqkdvQif 'kuú#fyifwnf;[k tqkd&Sd\/ Aef;armfq&mawmfBuD;um; t&n-u0wfvm oydwftdwfum; oydwfryGef;½kH xnfh&aom olawmif;pm;vG,ftdwfBuD;rsKd; jzpfí tdwfESifhwuG qGrf;cHí rjzpfaomaMumifh cRwf&-onf/ rtyfí tmywfoifhí cRwf&onf r[kwf? ,ckumv oydwf-tdwfrsm;um; qGrf;cHívnf; jzpfonf/ £a`E´&í orPom½kyÜvnf;jzpfvSonf/ vufanmif; oufom ukd,fcsrf;omí vGefpGm aus;Zl;rsm;-onf[k rdefYqkdawmfrlowwf/

o*FZmq&mawmfBuD;uvnf; ]igYwynfhrsm; t&[wåzkdvfokdYa&mufonfhwkdifatmif oydwftdwfvG,fí qGrf;cHMuav? yd#uwf-xkd;xGif; ÓPfacgifcsOf;aom igwkdYaus;Zl;&Sif oD;vkH;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;-\ enf;vrf;awmf jzpfayonf}[k rdefYqkdawmfrlowwf/ (plV0gt&om?

129/) uGefcsmqkdif;ukd or®Kwdr&bJ xrf;ykd;ü rqGJtyf[k qkdvQif oifh-awmf&m\/ yckH;ü qkdif;vG,fvsuf qGrf;rcHaumif;[k qkdvQif obif-pum;yrm &,fzG,f&mom jzpf&m\/ tcsKdUvnf; *½kuv[kauokjzifht&mr[kwfbJvsuf rdrdpum; ckdifvkdckdifjim; tqkdrSm;ukef\/

(plV0gt&om?130/) r*FvmpHausmif;q&mawmf\ tqkH;tjzwf

t&n0goD *gr0goD&[ef;ESpfa,mufwkdYtm;yif &GmwGif;&GmyESpfXmewkdYü oydwftdwfvG,fí qGrf;cHjcif;iSm rtyf? oydwftdwfrSoydwfukd xkwfvsuf vufjzifh ukdifvsufom t&n0goD *gr0goD&[ef;ESpfa,mufwkdY qGrf;cHtyfonf/ (plV0gygVdawmfedó,opf? 91/)

t"d|mefravmufaom oydwftdwfrsm;onf t"d|mef 0duyÜemravmufaomaMumifh ]ywåw¬0du} oydwftdwfa0g[m&udkum; r&?tkyfqkdif;ç a&waumif;qkdif; ponfwkdYuJhokdY qkdif;[laom a0g[m&udkom&cJhonf&Sdaomf a&S;OD;tp yxrü -


]]e bdu©a0 '@oduúm "ma&wAÁm? a,m "ma&,s? tmywåd-]]e bdu©a0 '@oduúm "ma&wAÁm? a,m "ma&,s? tmywåd-]]e bdu©a0 '@oduúm "ma&wAÁm? a,m "ma&,s? tmywåd-]]e bdu©a0 '@oduúm "ma&wAÁm? a,m "ma&,s? tmywåd-]]e bdu©a0 '@oduúm "ma&wAÁm? a,m "ma&,s? tmywåd-'kuú#ó/}} 'kuú#ó/}} 'kuú#ó/}} 'kuú#ó/}} 'kuú#ó/}} - - - - - [k y,fawmfrlNyD;rS qkdif;ESifh uif;í oydwfukdaqmifjcif;iSmrpGrf;Ekdifaom *dvmeyk*¾dKvftm; -

]]tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 *dvmeó oduúmorkwð 'gwkH}} - [ktEkynwf xyfqifh cGifhjyKawmfrlaomaMumifh xkdt"d|mef ravmufaomoydwftdwf qkdif;onf or®Kwd&aom *dvmeyk*¾dKvftm; tyf&m\/or®Kwd r&aom *dvme (rusef;rmol) t*dvme (usef;rmol) yk*¾dKvfESpfa,mufwkdYtm; xkdoydwftdwfqkdif;onf rtyf&m/

(plV0gygVdawmfedó,opf? 93/)

oydwfukd yckH;ü vG,fxm;vQifum; wHcg;&Gufudk vufwpfzufjzifhwGef;xm;EkdifaomaMumifh zGifhaumif;\/ &ifcGifü oydwfrxm;aumif;çwifyv’ifacGü rxm;aumif;[k qkd&müvnf; oydwfukd vG,fxm;vQifxvkdufaomfvnf; oydwfrusEkdifaomaMumifh xm;aumif;yg\/ (ck'´-

odu©mbmom#Dum) wcsKdUum; uGefcsmoydwftdwfü taygufygaom-aMumifh y&du©m&apmV t"d|mefwifí r&? xkdYaMumifh rtyf[k qkdMu\/

&GmwGif;ü aumif;pGm zkH;vTrf;vsuf oGm;&jcif;

&GmrSxGufaomf oydwfukd tdwfü xnfhNyD;vQif yckH;üvG,fvsufouFef;udkacgufí OD;acgif;üwifum zdeyfpD;í oGm;&jcif;? (þüvnf;zdeyfrpD;olç ouFef;½kHr<uolwkdY pmESifh rnDí tmywfoifhonf[k rqkd&?)awmae&[ef;onf aomufa& okH;a& wnfxm;&jcif;? rD;yGwfckH rD;yGwf-usnf (,ckacwfrD;jcpf)awmifa0S;ukd teD;ü xm;&jcif;? eu©wfwm&m-taMumif; tm;vkH;wkdYudkvnf;aumif; tcsKdUwkdYukdvnf;aumif; oif,l&jcif;? t&yfav;rsufESmwkdYü vdr®m&jcif; paom awmae&[ef;wkdY usifh-&maom 0wfvnf;aumif;/ (<uif;yd@pm&du0wftwkdif; odyg)


8/ aoemoe0wåÍö = anmifapmif; tif;ysOf ukvm;xkdif tdyf&mae&mwdkYukd okwfoifjcif;? aevSef;jcif;? ausmif;ü ykd;tdrf yifhulrQif&SdtHh?AdwmefrsufESmMuufrSpí y,f&Sm;&jcif;? avoGefwHcg; wkdufav;axmifheH&HwkdYukd okH;oyfyGwfwkduf&jcif;? tajytjypfrjyKtyfaom ajrjzpftHh?a&jzef;í ausmif;ukd jrLrIefrwufapvifh[k (ESvkH;xm;í) wHjrufvSnf;-&jcif;? trIdufwHjrufacs;ukd usKH;í oifh&mt&yfü pGefYypf&jcif;?

&[ef;\teD; ausmif;\teD; aomufa&okH;a&wkdY\ teD;ü tdyf&mae&mwdkYukd rcg&jcif;? avnmt&yfü tdyf&mae&mwkdYukd rcgtyf?avatmuft&yfüom cg&jcif;? anmif;apmif;ç tif;ysOfç bkHvQdKçacgif;tkH;ç edoD'kdefç tdyf&mcif;ç ajrtcif;ç axG;cHç rSD&mwHuJysOfwkdYukdaevSef;okwfoifNyD;vQif cgí yGwfwkdufí cif;xm;jrJtwkdif; wpfzefjyefcif;xm;&jcif;? oydwfukd anmif;apmif;atmuf tif;ysOfatmuftcif;&Sdaom ae&mü xm;&jcif;? ouFef;ukd ukdifí vufwpfzufjzifhouFef;wef; (0g) ouFef;BudK;ukd yGwfwkdufí xkdrSmbufu tpGef;ukdþrSmbufrS tacGjyKvsuf ouFef;ukd xm;&jcif;? jrLESifhwuGaomavwkdYonf vmukeftHh? wHcg;wkYdukd ydwf&jcif;? at;aomtcgjzpfrlaeYtcgü avoGefwHcg;wkdYukd zGifhxm;&í nOfhtcgü ydwfxm;&jcif;?yltkdufaomtcgjzpfrl aeYtcgü avoGefwHcg;wkdYudk ydwfxm;í nOfhtcgü zGifhxm;&jcif;? ausmif;y&d0kPfç wHcg;rkcfç pnf;a0;&m Z&yfç rD;wif;ukyfçusifBuD;tdrfç usifi,ftdrf ponfü trIduf&SdonfjzpftHh? wHjrufvSnf;-&jcif;? aomufa&okH;a& oefYoufa& r&SdonfjzpftHh? oGef;avmif;cyfxnfh wnfxm;&jcif;? oDwif;BuD;&[ef;ESifhtwl wpfausmif;wnf;ü-aerl oDwif;BuD;&[ef;udk ryefMum;bJ oif,ljcif;? ar;jref;jcif;?o&ZÑm,fjcif;wkdYukd rjyK&jcif;? w&m;ra[m&jcif;? qDrD; rxGef;n§d&jcif;?qDrD;ukd rNidrf;aptyfjcif;? (vQyfppfrD; zGifhjcif;ydwfjcif; yg0ifonf/)avomwHcg;wkdYukd rzGifhtyf rydwftyfjcif;? oDwif;BuD;&[ef;ESifhtwl


pBuøwpfckwnf;ü pBuøavQmufrl oDwif;BuD;&[ef;&Sd&mokdY rsufESmrlvsufoGm;&jcif;? oDwif;BuD;&[ef;ukd ouFef;BuD;pGef;jzifh rwkdufckdufrdap&jcif;paom ausmif;tdyf&mae&mü jyK&maom0wfvnf;aumif;/

9/ ZEÅmC&0wåÍö = ZEÅmC&0wåÍö = ZEÅmC&0wåÍö = ZEÅmC&0wåÍö = ZEÅmC&0wåÍö = Z½kH;tdrfokdY a&S;OD;pGm oGm;aom&[ef;onfjymrsm;rl jymukd pGefY&jcif;? trIduf&Sdrl wHjrufvSnf;&jcif;? uo,frIefYukdpk½kH;xm;&jcif;? ajrnufukd a&qGwf&jcif;? a&csKd;usif; a&csKd;uefü a&ukdavmif;xnfh&jcif;? ajrnufjzifh rsufESmukd vdrf;usHí a&SUrSvnf;aumif;çaemufrSvnf;aumif; zkH;vTrf;í Z½kH;tdrfokdY 0if&jcif;? rax&fBuD;&[ef;-wkdYukd wkd;a0SYí raexkdif&jcif;? &[ef;i,fwkdYukd ae&mjzifh rwm;jrpf&jcif;?pGrf;Ekdifrl rax&fBuD;&[ef;wkdYtm; acs;yGwf&jcif;? rax&fBuD;&[ef;wkdY\a&SUü a&rcsKd;tyf? txufrS a&rcsKd;tyfjcif;? a&csKd;NyD;í wufaom&[ef;onf qif;aom&[ef;wkdYtm; vrf;ay;&jcif;? Z½kH;tdrfrS aemufqkH;xGufaom &[ef;onf Z½kH;tdrfü ñGefAGufxrl aq;aMum&jcif;? Z½kH;-tif;ysOfukd ,lí a&SUrSvnf;aumif;ç aemufrSvnf;aumif; zkH;vTrf;íxGuf&jcif;? ajrnufcGufukd aq;í Z½kH;tif;ysOfukd odrf;í rD;ukdNidrf;íwHcg;ukdydwfí zJoGm;&jcif; paom acR;Z½kH;tdrfü jyK&maom0wfvnf;-aumif;/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) acR;Z½kH;tdrf[lonf acR;xGufenf;ol acR;ikwfolwkdY acR;&-ap&ef acR;atmif;&aom taqmufttkH jzpfonf/ a&csKd;-cef;ESifh rwlonfukd owdjyKyg/ rax&fBuD;&[ef;wkdYukd r½kd-aojcif;ukd pGJí Z½kH;tdrfü rsm;pGmaom xif;wkdYukd wifírD;½IdUaom &[ef;tm; 'kuú#f? rD;½IdUí wHcg;ukd ydwfvsufwHcg;teD;ü ydwfxkdifaom &[ef;tm; 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/

10/ 0pöuk#d0wåÍö = 0pöuk#d0wåÍö = 0pöuk#d0wåÍö = 0pöuk#d0wåÍö = 0pöuk#d0wåÍö = usifBuD;tdrf\ tjyifü &Sdaom&[ef; twGif;ü&Sdaeaom &[ef;wkdYonf tjyeftvSef acsmif;[efYjcif;? ouFef;wef;üouFef;ukd wifí raES;rvsif 0ifjcif;? oif;ykdifukdyifhí r0ifjcif;? eif;ckHü


eif;rdrS oif;ykdifukdyifhjcif;? nD;wGm;vsuf usifBuD;ukd rpGefY&jcif;? 'efyl-cJvsuf usifBuD;ukd rpGefY&jcif;? usifBuD;wGif;jyify usifi,fcGufjyifyürpGefY&jcif;? usifi,fcGufü wHawG;raxG;&jcif;? Murf;aom uEkwH ponf-jzifh rokwfjcif;? oefYoufa&aq;jcif;? uEkwHukd usifBuD;cGufü rcsjcif;?ajceif;ckHü eif;vsuf oif;ykdifukd zkH;vTrf;jcif;? oif;ykdifukd yifhrí rxGuf-jcif;? oefYoufa&aq;&m ajceif;ckHü &yfvsuf oif;ykdifukd rç&jcif;? ]pyfpyf}toHjyKvsuf raq;jcif;? oefYoufa& aq;&efcGufü a&ukd csefrxm;jcif;?oefYoufa&aq;&m ajceif;ckHü &yfvsuf zkH;vTrf;&jcif;? usifBuD;tdrfüusifBuD;vdrf;usHrl aq;aMum&jcif;? usifBuD;tdrf y&d0kPf wHcg;rkcfwkdYütrIduf&Sdrl wHjrufvSnf;&jcif;? oefYoufa&tkd;ü a&r&Sdrl a&avmif;xnfh&jcif; paom usifBuD;tdrfü jyK&maom0wfvnf;aumif;/

11/ OyZÑm,0wåÍOyZÑm,0wåÍOyZÑm,0wåÍOyZÑm,0wåÍOyZÑm,0wåÍö = eHeufapmapmxí zdeyfukd cRwfNyD;vQifukd,f0wfukd vufuawmhprÜ,fwifí rsufESmopfa& 'efyluyfjcif;?,m*kqGrf;uyfjcif;? oydwfç cGufaq;jcif;? OyZÑm,fq&monf ae&mrSxcJhaomf ae&macgufodrf;jcif;? trIduf&Sdrl wHjrufvSnf;jcif;? ausmif;tdyf&mae&mwkdYukd okwfoifjcif;ç aevSef;jcif;? OyZÑm,fq&monf &GmokdY0ifvkdjim;tHh? oif;ykdif cg;yef;BudK; ay;&jcif;? ukd,f0wfESifh'kuk#f xyfíay;&jcif;? aq;aMumí a&ESifhwuGaom oydwfukd ay;&jcif;? q&monfaemufvkdufukd tvkd&SdtHh? t0ef;okH;yg;nDpGm oif;ykdifouFef;wdkYukd 0wf½kHícg;yef;ukdzGJUí urÜwfoD;ukdwyfvsuf oydwfukd aq;aMum ,liifumq&m&[ef;\ aemufrS reD;ra0;vkduf&jcif;? oydwfvJvS,fjcif;ukd vSrf;-,l&jcif;? q&mpum;ajymqkdaepOf tMum;tMum;ü 0ifí pum;rajym&jcif;? q&monf tmywfESifh eD;pyfaompum;ukd ajymqkdcJhrl wm;jrpf-&jcif;? qGrf;cH&mrS jyefvmaomf a&S;OD;pGm vmESifhí ae&mcif;&jcif;?ajcaq;a&ç ajcaq;tif;ysOfç ajcyGwftkd;jcrf;wkdYukd teD;ü xm;&jcif;?c&D;OD;BudKqkdí oydwfouFef;ukd vSrf;,l&jcif;? ausmif;0wfouFef;ukday;&jcif;? qGrf;cH0wf ouFef;onf acR;pGwftHh? wpfcPrQ aeylvSef;-


xm;&jcif;? aeylüouFef;ukd MumjrifhpGm rxm;&jcif;? ouFef;ukd tv,füacguf½kd;rusKd;ygapvifh[k ESvkH;oGif;vsuf vufav;opf tem;ukd avQmh-í a&GU&Sm;í ouFef;ukd acguf&jcif;? ouFef;acguftwGif;ü cg;yef;BudK;ukdxm;&jcif;/

OyZÑm,fq&monf qGrf;pm;vkdonfjzpftHh? a&ukday;í qGrf;ukdqufuyf&jcif;? aomufa&jzifh yefMum;&jcif;? a&ukday;í oydwfukdvSrf;,lNyD;vQif ½kdaoaumif;rGefpGm rxdckdufrdapbJ aq;aMumokwfoif-vsuf a&r&SdatmifjyKNyD; wpfcPrQ aeylvSef;xm;&jcif;? aeylü oydwfukdMumjrifhpGm rxm;&jcif;? oydwfukd anmifapmif;ç tif;ysOfatmufwkdYütcif;&Sdaomae&mü odrf;xm;&jcif;? ouFef;ukd ouFef;wef; (0g) ouFef;-wef;BudK;wkdYukd yGwfwkdufí [kdrSmbufutpGef;ukd þrSmbufu tacGjyK-vsuf xm;&jcif;? OyZÑm,fq&monf xonf&Sdaomf ae&macgufxm;-&jcif; a&csKd;vkdonfjzpftHh? a&yla&at; tvkd&Sdaomf csKd;a&ukd pD&if&jcif;? q&monf Z½kH;tdrfokdY 0ifvkdonfjzpftHh? uo,frIefYukd a&jzifhvkH;&jcif; ajrnufukd a&jzifhqGwf&jcif;? Z½kH;tdrftif;ysOfukd ay;NyD;vQifouFef;ukdvSrf;,lí oifh&mt&yfü xm;&jcif;? uo,frIefY ajrnufrIefY-wkdYukd ay;&jcif;? tu,fí pGrf;EkdifvQif Z½kH;tdrfokdY 0if&jcif;? Z½kH;tdrfokdY0ifaom&[ef;onf a&SUrSvnf;aumif; aemufrSvnf;aumif; a&-oEkyfjzifh zkH;vTrf;í Z½kH;tdrfokdY0if&jcif;? oDwif;BuD;ukd wkd;a0SUí raerxkdif&jcif;? oDwif;i,f&[ef;ukd ae&mjzifh rwm;jrpf&jcif;? rD;n§djcif;paomtrIwkdYukd jyK&jcif;? Z½kH;tdrfrS xGufaom &[ef;onf Z½kH;tdrftif;ysOfukd,lí a&SUrSvnf;aumif;ç aemufrSvnf;aumif;? a&oEkyfjzifhzkH;vTrf;í Z½kH;tdrfrS xGuf&jcif;/

a&csKd;aomtcgüvnf; q&mtm; acs;wGef;jcif;paom trIcyfodrf;ukd jyK&jcif;? a&csKd;NyD;aom &[ef;onf q&m\a&S;OD;pGmwufí rdrdukd,fukd a&r&SdatmifjyKí oif;ykdifukd0wfvsuf q&m\ukd,frS a&ukd


okwf&jcif;? oif;ykdifouFef;wkdYukd ay;&jcif;? ae&mcif;&jcif;? ajcaq;a&çajcaq;tif;ysOfç ajcyGwftkd;jcrf;wkdYukd teD;üxm;&jcif;? q&mtm;aomufa&jzifh ar;jref;&jcif;? tu,fí ygVdukd &Gwfjyoif,lapvkdonfjzpftHh? oif,l&jcif;? t|uxmukd tzefzef ar;jref;apvkdonfjzpftHh?tzefzef ar;jref;&jcif;/

OyZÑm,fq&maeaom ausmif;onf trIduf&SdonfjzpftHh? pGrf;Ekdifrlokwfoif&Sif;vif; aevSef;&jcif;? (aoemoe0wfutwkdif; jyK&jcif;)y&d0kPfwHcg;rkcfç pnf;a0;&mZ&yfç rD;wif;ukyfukd wHjrufvSnf;&jcif;?aomufa& okH;a& wnfxm;&jcif;? usifBuD;tdrf usifi,ftdrfukd wHjruf-vSnf;&jcif;? oefYoufa& r&Sdu oGef;avmif;xnfh&jcif;? OyZÑm,fq&mrarGUavsmfjim;tHh? twlaewynfhonf aysmufNidrf;ap&jcif;? olwpfyg;ukd-aomfvnf; aysmufNidrf;ap&jcif;? q&mtm; awG;awmrI oHo,ukuúKpöjzpfjim;tHh? twlaewynfhonf y,fazsmufay;&jcif;? olwpfyg;ukdaomfvnf; y,fazsmufap&jcif;? w&m;pum;ukdrlvnf; a[majymay;-&jcif;? q&monf rSm;aomt,lonf jzpfjim;tHh? ajz&Sif;ay;&jcif;?ajz&Sif;ay;ap&jcif;? q&monf *½kutmywfokdY a&mufonfjzpfíy&d0gofç rmewfç tAÇmefxkdufonfjzpftHh? oHCmawmfonf aqmif&Guf-ay;zkdY vkYHvjyK&jcif;? q&monf t&if;okdY jyefíiifjcif;iSm xkdufonfjzpftHh? oHCmawmfonf t&if;okdY iifay;zkdY vkHYvjyK&jcif;/

oHCmawmfonf q&mtm; wZÆed,uHç ed,óuHç yAÁmZeD,uHçwZÆed,uHç ed,óuHç yAÁmZeD,uHçwZÆed,uHç ed,óuHç yAÁmZeD,uHçwZÆed,uHç ed,óuHç yAÁmZeD,uHçwZÆed,uHç ed,óuHç yAÁmZeD,uHçy#dom&PD,uHç Oau©yeD,uy#dom&PD,uHç Oau©yeD,uy#dom&PD,uHç Oau©yeD,uy#dom&PD,uHç Oau©yeD,uy#dom&PD,uHç Oau©yeD,uH jyKvkdonfjzpftHh? twlaewynfhonfuHrjyKjzpfatmifç aygYaomuHjzpfatmif vkHYvjyK&jcif;? q&mtm; xkduH-rsm; jyKNyD;onfjzpftHh? tb,fokdYvQif q&monfaumif;pGm usifhygtHh-enf;? rmefwnf;[laom tarG;ukdç trsufa'goukd csygtHhenf;? 'PfrSxGufajrmuftyfaom tusifhukd usifhygtHhenf;? oHCmawmfonfxdkuHwkdYukd Nidrf;apygtHhenf;[k vkHYvjyK&jcif;/


OyZÑm,fq&m\ouFef;ukd zGyfavQmfoifhç csKyfoifhç qkd;oifhç qkd;&nf-udk usKdoifhonfjzpftHh? twlae wynfhonf vkHYvjyK&jcif;? ouFef;qkd;-vkdaom&[ef;onf aumif;pGm tjyefjyef tvSefvSef qkd;&jcif;? qkd;&nf-ayguf rjywfpJrD zJroGm;&jcif;? (qkd;&nfayguf usaeao;vQif okwfíay;zkdY&ef okdYr[kwf xyfí n§pfzkdY&ef rzJoGm;ao;bJ apmifhaeyg [lvkd/)

q&mukd ryefMum;bJ tcsKdUaom (0dobm*) oabmrwkdufqkdif-aom &[ef;tm; oydwfouFef;y&du©&m tokH;taqmif ray;tyfçr,ltyfjcif;? qHyif&dwfjzwfç acs;wGef;jcif;paom trIcyfodrf;ukd rjyKtyfçrjyKaptyfjcif;? aemufvkduf&[ef; rjzpftyfç rac:tyfjcif;? qGrf;ukdraqmiftyfç raqmifaptyfjcif;? q&mukd ryefMum;bJ &GmwGif;okdY r0if&jcif;? okomefokdY roGm;&jcif;? t&yfwpfyg;okdY zJroGm;&jcif;? q&monftu,fí emzsm;onfjzpftH?h touf&SnforQumvywfvkH; vkyfauR;-&jcif;? q&m\tem;rS xjcif;ç aysmufjcif;ukd iHhvifh&jcif;? apmifhqkdif;-&jcif; ponfjzifh OyZÑm,fq&mü o'd0d[m&du wynfhwkdYu jyK&maom0wfvnf;aumif;/

12/ o'¨d0d[m&du0wåÍö =o'¨d0d[m&du0wåÍö =o'¨d0d[m&du0wåÍö =o'¨d0d[m&du0wåÍö =o'¨d0d[m&du0wåÍö = OyZÑm,fq&monf twlaewynfhukdygVdawmfoif,ljcif;? t|uxmar;jref;jcif;? oGefoifqkH;rjcif;wkdYjzifhoN*ØK[fcsD;jr§ifhjcif;? q&mtm; oydwfç ouFef;y&du©&m tokH;aqmif&SdtHh?r&Sdaom twlaewynfhtm; ay;urf;jcif;&&Sdatmif vkHYvukdrlvnf;jyK&jcif;/

tu,fí twlaewynfhonf emzsm;tHh? eHeufapmapm xírsufESmopfa&ç 'efylay;&jcif;? ae&mcif;í ay;&jcif;? ,m*kqGrf; ay;&jcif;? ,m*kaomufNyD;aom twlaewynfhtm; a&ay;í cGufukd vSrf;,l-NyD;aemuf ½kdaoaumif;rGefpGm rxdckdufapbJ aq;aMumNyD;vQif okdrSD;odrf;-qnf;xm;&jcif;? twlaewynfhonf ae&mrS xcJhaomf ae&mukd acguf-xm;&jcif;? trIduf&SdtHh? wHjrufvSnf;&jcif;/


twlaewynfhonf tu,fí &GmokdY 0ifvkdjim;tHh? oif;ykdifç cg;yef;-BudK;wkdYukd ay;&jcif;? ukd,f0wf'kuk#fwkdYukd xyfí ay;&jcif;? aq;aMumía&ESifhwuGaom oydwfukd ay;&jcif;? þrQ twkdif;t&Snf&SdaomtcgjyefvmtHh[k (jyefvmcsdefwefNyD;[k) ESvkH;oGif;í ae&mukdcif;xm;&jcif;?ajcaq;a&ç ajcaq;tif;ysOfç ajcyGwf tkd;jcrf;wkdYudk teD;üxm;&jcif;?c&D;OD;BudKqkdí oydwfouFef;ukd vSrf;,l&jcif;? ausmif;0wfoif;ykdifukday;í &Gm0wfouFef;ukd vSrf;,lum acR;pGwftHh? wpfcPrQ aeylvSrf;-xm;&jcif;? MumjrifhpGm aeylü rxm;tyf? ouFef;ukd acguf&jcif;? tv,fü acguf½kd;usKd;onf rjzpfapvifh[k ESvkH;oGif;vsuf vufav;opftem;ukd avQmhí a&GUvsm;í ouFef;ukd acguf&jcif;? ouFef;acguftwGif;ü cg;yef;BudK;ukd xm;&jcif;/

twlaewynfhonf qGrf;pm;vkdonfjzpftHh? a&ukday;í qGrf;ukday;&jcif;? aomufa&jzifh ar;jref;&jcif;? aomufa&ukday;í oydwfukdvSrf;,lNyD;vQif ½kdaoaumif;rGefpGm rxdckdufrdapbJ aq;aMumokwfoif-vsuf a&r&SdatmifjyKí wpfcPrQ aeylvSef;xm;&jcif;? MumjrifhpGmaeylü rxm;&jcif;? oydwfukd odrf;xm;vkdaomf anmifapmif;ç tif;ysOf-atmufwkdYü tcif;&Sdaom ae&mü oydwfxm;&jcif;? ouFef;ukd ouFef;-wef; (0g) ouFef;wef;BudK;wkdYudk yGwfwkdufí xkdrSmbufu tpGef;ukdþrSmbufrS tacGjyKvsuf xm;&jcif;? twlaewynfhonf xonf&Sdaomf ae&mukd acgufxm;&jcif;/

twlaewynfhonf a&csKd;vkdonfjzpftHhç a&yla&at; tvkd&SdaomfcsKd;a&ukd pD&if&jcif;? twlaewynfhonf Z½kH;tdrfokdY 0ifvkdonfjzpftHh?uo,frIefYukd a&jzifh vkH;&jcif;? ajrnufukd a&jzifh qGwf&jcif;? Z½kH;tdrftif;ysOfukd ay;NyD;vQif ouFef;ukd vSrf;,lí oifh&mt&yfü xm;&jcif;?uo,frIefYç ajrnufrIefYwkdYukd ay;&jcif;? tu,fí pGrf;EkdifvQif Z½kH;tdrfokdY0if&jcif;? Z½kH;tdrfokdY 0ifaom&[ef;onf a&SUrSvnf;aumif;ç aemufrS-


vnf;aumif; a&oEkyfjzifh zkH;vTrf;í Z½kH;tdrfokdY 0if&jcif;? oDwif;BuD;ukdwkd;a0SUí raerxkdif&jcif;? oDwif;i,f&[ef;ukd ae&mjzifh rwm;jrpf-&jcif;? rD;n§djcif;paom trIwkdYukd jyK&jcif;? Z½kH;tdrfrS xGufaom&[ef;-onf Z½kH;tdrf tif;ysOfukd ,lí a&SUrSvnf;aumif;ç aemufrSvnf;aumif;a&oEkyfjzifh zkH;vTrf;í Z½kH;tdrfrS xGuf&jcif;/

a&csKd;aomtcgüvnf; twlaewynfhtm; acs;wGef;jcif; paomtrIcyfodrf;ukd jyK&jcif;? a&csKd;NyD;aom q&monf a&S;OD;pGm wufírdrdukd,fukd a&r&SdatmifjyKí oif;ykdifukd0wfvsuf twlaewynfh\ukd,frSa&ukd okwf&jcif;? oif;ykdifç ouFef;wkdYukd ay;&jcif;? ae&mcif;&jcif;?ajcaq;a&ç ajcaq;tif;ysOf ajcyGwftkd;Murf;wkdYukd teD;üxm;&jcif;?twlaewynfhtm; aomufa&jzifh ay;&jcif;/

twlaewynfh aeaomausmif;onf trIduf&SdonfjzpftHh? pGrf;Ekdifrlokwfoif&Sif;vif;&jcif;? (aoemoe0wfutwkdif; jyK&jcif;) y&d0kPfwHcg;rkcfç pnf;a0;&mZ&yfç rD;wif;ukyfwkdYukd wHjrufvSnf;&jcif;? aomufa&ç okH;a& wnfxm;&jcif;? usifBuD;tdrfç usifi,ftdrf wHjrufvSnf;-&jcif;? oefYoufa& r&Sdu oGef;avmif;wnfxm;&jcif;? twlae wynfh-onf rarGUavsmfonfjzpftHh? q&monf aysmufNidrf;ap&jcif;? olwpfyg;ukdaomfvnf; aysmufNidrf;ap&jcif;? wynfhtm; awG;awmrI oHo,-ukuúKpö jzpfjim;tHh? q&monf y,fazsmufay;&jcif;? olwpfyg;ukdaomf-vnf; y,fazsmufap&jcif;? wynfhtm; w&m;pum;ukdrlvnf; a[majym&jcif;? wynfhonf rSm;aomt,lonf jzpftHh? ajz&Sif;ay;&jcif;?wynfhonf *½kutmywfokdY a&mufonfjzpfí y&d0gofç rmewfç tAÇmefxkdufonfjzpftHh? oHCmawmfonf aqmif&Gufay;zkdY vkHYvjyKjcif;? wynfh-onf t&if;okdY jyefíiifjcif;iSm xkdufonfjzpftHh? oHCmawmfonft&if;okdY iifay;zkdY vkHYvjyK&jcif;/


oHCmawmfonf twlaewynfhtm; wZÆeD,uHç ed,óuHçwZÆeD,uHç ed,óuHçwZÆeD,uHç ed,óuHçwZÆeD,uHç ed,óuHçwZÆeD,uHç ed,óuHçyAÁmZeD,uHç y#dom&PD,uHç Oau©yed,uyAÁmZeD,uHç y#dom&PD,uHç Oau©yed,uyAÁmZeD,uHç y#dom&PD,uHç Oau©yed,uyAÁmZeD,uHç y#dom&PD,uHç Oau©yed,uyAÁmZeD,uHç y#dom&PD,uHç Oau©yed,u H jyKvkdonfjzpftH? hq&monf uHrjyKjzpfatmifç aygYaom uHjzpfatmif vkHYvjyK&jcif;?wynfhtm; xkduHrsm; jyKNyD;onfjzpftHh? tb,fokdYvQif wynfhonfaumif;pGm usifhygtHhenf;? rmefwnf;[laom tarG;ukdç trsufa'goukdcsygtHhenf;? 'PfrS xGufajrmuftyfaom tusifhukd usifhygtHhenf;?oHCmonf xkduHwkdYukd Nidrf;apygtHhenf;[k vkHYvjyK&jcif;/

wynfh\ ouFef;udk zGyfavQmfoifhonf jzpftHh? q&monf þokdYzGyfavm[k ajymMum;&jcif;? tb,fokdYvQif twlaewynfh\ ouFef;ukdzGyfavQmfap&ygtHhenf;[k vkHYvjyK&jcif;? ouFef;qkd;&müvnf; vkHYvjyK-&jcif;? ouFef;qkd;vkdaom &[ef;onf aumif;pGm tjyefjyef tvSefvSefqkd;&jcif;? qkd;&nfayguf rjywfpJrD zJroGm;&jcif;? twlae wynfhonfemzsm;onfjzpfthH? touf&SnforQumvywfvkH; vkyfauR;&jcif;?twlae wynfh\ temrS xjcif; aysmufjcif;ukd iHhvifh&jcif;? apmifhqkdif;-&jcif; ponfjzifh o'd0d[m&du wynfhü OyZÑm,fq&mwkdYu jyK&aom0wfvnf;aumif;/

13/ tmp&d,0wåÍö = tmp&d,0wåÍö = tmp&d,0wåÍö = tmp&d,0wåÍö = tmp&d,0wåÍö = eHeufapmapmxí /y/ q&m\ temrSxjcif;? aysmufjcif;ukd ihHvifh&jcif;? apmifhqkdif;&jcif; ponfjzifh q&mav;yg;wkdYü wynfhav;yg;wkdYu jyK&maom0wfvnf;aumif;/

14/ taEÅ0godu0wåÍö = taEÅ0godu0wåÍö = taEÅ0godu0wåÍö = taEÅ0godu0wåÍö = taEÅ0godu0wåÍö = q&monf teD;aewynfhukd ygVdawmfoif,ljcif;? /y/ apmifhqkdif;&jcif;? ponfjzifh wynhfav;yg;wkdYü q&m-av;yg;wkdYu jyK&maom0wfvnf;aumif;/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) q&mav;yg;ç wynfhav;yg; aemufu jycJhaom Z,m;okdYjyefí Munfhyg? ay,smvukdvnf; OyZÑm,f0wfç o'd0d[m-&du0wfwGif jyqkdxm;onfhrsm;ukd jyefí azmfaqmifMunfh-Muygukef/


0wåcE¨uESifhwuG r[m0*¾ç plV0*¾cE¨uü rjyKrusifh&[k ]e}]e}]e}]e}]e}tu©&mjzifh wm;jrpftyfaom 0g&dwåtrIwkdYukdjyKvQif 'kuú#ftmywfoifh-onfcsnf;om jzpfonf/

]e}]e}]e}]e}]e}tu©&mjzifh rwm;jrpftyfaom jyKusifhzkdY&ef wkdufwGef;tyfaompm&dwåusifh0wfwkdYtwGufum; xkdusifh0wfukd rav;pm;aom tem'&d,pdwfjzifh jyKvQif 0wåab''kuú#f tmywfoifhonfom jzpf\/

t*dvmaee [d o'd0d[m&daue o|d0aóeyd oAÁH OyZÑm,-0wåH umwAÁH/ (t|uxm)

remzsm;aom twlaewynfhonf 0gajcmufq,f&SdaeNyD jzpfaomf-vnf; OyZÑm,f0wftm;vkH; jyKoifh jyKxkdufonf[k qkdygonf/

q&muvnf; jyK&rnf

wynfhonf rusef;rrmaomtcg OyZÑm,tmp&d,jzpfaomyk*¾dKvfonf tprSpí ouFef;qkd;jcif;wkdifatmifaom 0wfrsm;ukd jyK&rnf-om jzpfonf/ *dvme r[kwfaom tcgüum; pmoifay;jcif;? Mo0g'-uxm tEkomoeDay;jcif;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? rdrdrSm &SdaevQif oydwfouFef;ponfukd ay;jcif;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif; csD;ajr§muf&onf/ xkdokdYrjyKvQif OyZÑm,tmp&d,wkdYrSmvnf; 0wåab'aMumifh 'kuú#ftmywfoifhonfom jzpf\/

q&m rusef;rmvQif

OyZÑm,ç tmp&d,wkdYonf rusef;rrmjzpfaevQif jyKpkvkyfauR;&rnf/ xkda&m*grS xajrmufonfwkdifatmif a&m*gaysmufonfwkdif-atmif wpfjcm;t&yfokdY roGm;bJ qkdif;iHhí jyKpk&rnf/ tjcm;jyKpkrnfhyk*¾dKvf &SdvQif rdrdu vkdtyfaom aq;ukd &Smay;NyD;rS xkdyk*¾dKvfxHtyfízJoGm;aumif;\/


ed*kH;ygVd teuf

£wd £wd £wd £wd £wd = þokdY/ £rmed pk'ócEü0wåmed £rmed pk'ócEü0wåmed £rmed pk'ócEü0wåmed £rmed pk'ócEü0wåmed £rmed pk'ócEü0wåmed = þwpfq,fhav;yg;-aom cEü0wfwkdYukd/ 0kwåmed 0kwåmed 0kwåmed 0kwåmed 0kwåmed = a[mawmfrltyfukef\/ {wmed p {wmed p {wmed p {wmed p {wmed p =xkd0wfwkdYukdvnf;/ oaAÁoH oaAÁoH oaAÁoH oaAÁoH oaAÁoH = cyfodrf;ukefaom &[ef;omraPwkdYonf/oAÁ'g p oAÁ'g p oAÁ'g p oAÁ'g p oAÁ'g p = tcgcyfodrf;vQif/ ,xm&[H ,xm&[H ,xm&[H ,xm&[H ,xm&[H = usifhxkdufonfhtm;avsmfpGm/p&dwAÁmed p&dwAÁmed p&dwAÁmed p&dwAÁmed p&dwAÁmed = usifhtyfukef\/

1/1/1/1/1/ 0wåH ty&dyla&aEÅm? e oDvH y&dyl&wd/0wåH ty&dyla&aEÅm? e oDvH y&dyl&wd/0wåH ty&dyla&aEÅm? e oDvH y&dyl&wd/0wåH ty&dyla&aEÅm? e oDvH y&dyl&wd/0wåH ty&dyla&aEÅm? e oDvH y&dyl&wd/tok'öDavm 'kyÜanm? pdawåu*¾H e 0dE´wd/tok'öDavm 'kyÜanm? pdawåu*¾H e 0dE´wd/tok'öDavm 'kyÜanm? pdawåu*¾H e 0dE´wd/tok'öDavm 'kyÜanm? pdawåu*¾H e 0dE´wd/tok'öDavm 'kyÜanm? pdawåu*¾H e 0dE´wd/

2/2/2/2/2/ 0du©dwåpdawåm aeua*¾g? or®m "r®H e yówd/0du©dwåpdawåm aeua*¾g? or®m "r®H e yówd/0du©dwåpdawåm aeua*¾g? or®m "r®H e yówd/0du©dwåpdawåm aeua*¾g? or®m "r®H e yówd/0du©dwåpdawåm aeua*¾g? or®m "r®H e yówd/tyórmaem o'¨r®H? 'ku©m e y&drkpöwd/tyórmaem o'¨r®H? 'ku©m e y&drkpöwd/tyórmaem o'¨r®H? 'ku©m e y&drkpöwd/tyórmaem o'¨r®H? 'ku©m e y&drkpöwd/tyórmaem o'¨r®H? 'ku©m e y&drkpöwd/

3/3/3/3/3/ ,H 0wåH y&dyla&aEÅm? oDvHyd y&dyl&wd/,H 0wåH y&dyla&aEÅm? oDvHyd y&dyl&wd/,H 0wåH y&dyla&aEÅm? oDvHyd y&dyl&wd/,H 0wåH y&dyla&aEÅm? oDvHyd y&dyl&wd/,H 0wåH y&dyla&aEÅm? oDvHyd y&dyl&wd/0dok'öDavm oyanm? pdawåu*¾Hyd 0dE´wd/0dok'öDavm oyanm? pdawåu*¾Hyd 0dE´wd/0dok'öDavm oyanm? pdawåu*¾Hyd 0dE´wd/0dok'öDavm oyanm? pdawåu*¾Hyd 0dE´wd/0dok'öDavm oyanm? pdawåu*¾Hyd 0dE´wd/

4/4/4/4/4/ t0du©dwåpdawåm {ua*¾g? or®m "r®H 0dyówd/t0du©dwåpdawåm {ua*¾g? or®m "r®H 0dyówd/t0du©dwåpdawåm {ua*¾g? or®m "r®H 0dyówd/t0du©dwåpdawåm {ua*¾g? or®m "r®H 0dyówd/t0du©dwåpdawåm {ua*¾g? or®m "r®H 0dyówd/orÜórmaem o'¨r®H? 'ku©m aom y&drkpöwd/orÜórmaem o'¨r®H? 'ku©m aom y&drkpöwd/orÜórmaem o'¨r®H? 'ku©m aom y&drkpöwd/orÜórmaem o'¨r®H? 'ku©m aom y&drkpöwd/orÜórmaem o'¨r®H? 'ku©m aom y&drkpöwd/

5/5/5/5/5/ wo®m [d 0wåH yla&,s? Zdeykawåm 0dpu©aPm/ wo®m [d 0wåH yla&,s? Zdeykawåm 0dpu©aPm/ wo®m [d 0wåH yla&,s? Zdeykawåm 0dpu©aPm/ wo®m [d 0wåH yla&,s? Zdeykawåm 0dpu©aPm/ wo®m [d 0wåH yla&,s? Zdeykawåm 0dpu©aPm/Mo0g'H Ak'äo|ó? uwGm edAÁmear[Dwd/Mo0g'H Ak'äo|ó? uwGm edAÁmear[Dwd/Mo0g'H Ak'äo|ó? uwGm edAÁmear[Dwd/Mo0g'H Ak'äo|ó? uwGm edAÁmear[Dwd/Mo0g'H Ak'äo|ó? uwGm edAÁmear[Dwd/

jrefrmjyef

1/ 0wfukd rjznfhusifhaom &[ef;omraPonf oDvukd rjynfhapEkdif?oDvrpifMu,faom &[ef;onf ynmr&Sdonfjzpfí pdwfwnf-Munfjcif;ukd r&Ekdif/

2/ ysHUvGifhaompdwf&Sdaom &[ef;onf rsm;aomtm½kH&Sdí w&m;ukdaumif;pGm rjrifEkdif? olawmfaumif;w&m;ukd aumif;pGm rjrifaom&[ef;omraPonf qif;&JrS rvGwfajrmufEkdif/


3/ 0wfukd jznfhusifhaom &[ef;omraPonf oDvukdvnf; jynfhap-Ekdif\? oDvpifMu,faom &[ef; omraPonf ynm&SdonfjzpfípdwfwnfMunfrIukdvnf; &Ekdif\/

4/ pdwfrysHUvGifhaom &[ef; omraPonf wpfckwnf;aom tm½kH&Sdíw&m;ukd aumif;pGm jrifEkdif\? olawmfaumif;w&m;ukd aumif;pGmjrifaom xkd&[ef;omraPonf qif;&JrS vGwfajrmufEkdif\?

5/ xkdYaMumifh ynm&Sdaom bk&m;om;awmf &[ef; omraPonfjrwfpGmbk&m;\ tqkH;trjzpfaom usifh0wfukd jznfhusifh&m\? xkdokdYjznfhusifhjcif;aMumifh edAÁmefokdY a&muf&vwåHU/

uH (5) rsKd;? wpfenf; (7) rsKd;

1/ wZÆeD,uHwZÆeD,uHwZÆeD,uHwZÆeD,uHwZÆeD,uH ===== Ncdrf;ajcmufrIjyKaom uH/ (y@Ku&[ef;?avm[dwu&[ef;)

2/ ed,óuHed,óuHed,óuHed,óuHed,óuH ===== ukd,fpkd;ukd,fykdif aecGifhr&atmifjyKaom uH?(oifonf rSDckdae&rnf) (toQifao,su&[ef;)

3/ yAÁmZeD,uHyAÁmZeD,uHyAÁmZeD,uHyAÁmZeD,uHyAÁmZeD,uH ===== uD#m*d&dZeyk'frS ESifxkwfaomuH? (1) tó-Zd&[ef;? (2) ykeAÁoku&[ef;?

4/ y#dom&PD,uHy#dom&PD,uHy#dom&PD,uHy#dom&PD,uHy#dom&PD,uH = pdwåol<u,fukd onf;cHap&aom uH (awmif;-yef0efcs&aom uH)? (ok"r®&[ef; - ]ESrf;yspfrkefYwpfck ryg}[k ajymrI?)

5/ Oau©yeD,uHOau©yeD,uHOau©yeD,uHOau©yeD,uHOau©yeD,uH ===== oDvysufpD;jcif;?

6/ Oau©yeD,uOau©yeD,uOau©yeD,uOau©yeD,uOau©yeD,u HH HH H ===== tusifhysufpD;jcif;?

&/ Oau©yeD,uOau©yeD,uOau©yeD,uOau©yeD,uOau©yeD,u HH HH H ===== t,l0g' ysufpD;jcif;? (1) qEé&[ef; tmywfukdr½I? (2) qEé&[ef; tmywfukd rukpm;? (3)t&d|&[ef; ,kwfrmaom rdpämt,lukd rpGefYrI?


aomwmyefjzpfaMumif;t*Fg (4) yg;

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) olawmfoljrwf? jrJqnf;uyfvsuf? rSwfrSwfom;om;? w&m;ukd-em? olawmfESvk H;? wajzmif hok H;vsuf? tm;wufusif h MuH?aomwmyef? jzpf&ef taMumif;av;/

aomwmywåd,*ø aomwmyef\ *kPft*Fg (4) yg;

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) Ak'ç "r®ç oHCmhukd,kH? rwkHvIyfbd? t&d,muEÅ? oDvig;jzm? pkHnD-nm? aomwmywådtif/

aomwmyeft&nftaoG; (7) yg;

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) jzpfaMumwkd? Nidrf;vkdpdwf? wGuf&dwfuif;? csufcsif;uk? ysufrIpkd;?wkd;ípkduf? vIdufvIdufzkd? MunfndKckepfwef? aomwmyef/

rtyfaom ouFef;ta&mifrsm;

1/ atmufrJndKyGifhavmuf ndKaomouFef;/ (ESrf;MuyfyGifh)

2/ r[mavSum;yGifhavmuf 0ga&TaomouFef;/

3/ v,facgif&rf;yGifhavmuf eDaomouFef;/

4/ ykwD;eufaphavmuf eufawG;arSmifaomouFef;/

5/ a&pGwfaom usD;tawmifavmuf rnf;eufaomouFef;/

6/ uif;ajcrsm;ausmufukef;avmuf teD&ifhtqif;/

7/ y'kr®mMumyGifhtqif;&Sdí eDajzmhaomouFef;? xkd ouFef;a&mifrsKd;r0wftyf? qkd;xm;NyD;jzpfvQifvnf; zGyfavQmfí tyfaomqkd;&nfukdxyfqkd;í0wftyf\/ zGyfí tqif;rysufcJhvQif tdyf&mcif; ponfjyKí okH;oifhokH;tyf\/


ouFef;a&miftqkH;tjzwf ygVdawmf

ck'uedum,f bdo'g,uax&myg'gefygVdawmf b'Zdax&myg'gefygVdawmfwkdYü rdefYqkdxm;onfrSm-

b*0gwrSd ora,? y'krkwå&o0Sa,m/&wårÁ&"a&m Aka'¨g? *päaw tedvÍÆao/

&wårÁ&"a&m = &wårÁ&"a&m = &wårÁ&"a&m = &wårÁ&"a&m = &wårÁ&"a&m = eDaomouFef;ukd wifvTrf;0wf½kHawmfrlaom/ Aka'g Aka'g Aka'g Aka'g Aka'g===== jrwfpGmbk&m;onf/ tedvÍÆao =tedvÍÆao =tedvÍÆao =tedvÍÆao =tedvÍÆao = aumif;uifc&D;ü/ *päaw =*päaw =*päaw =*päaw =*päaw =<uoGm;awmfrl\?

t|uxmwkdYü teDa&mifjy tvGefrsm;\/

b*0EÅH t'´o Ak'¨od&d,m aombrmeH &wåurÁvy&du©dwård0Z*Frueu*d&dodc&H/ ('DCedum,f oDvu©E¨0*¾ t|uxm? 40/)

ww¬ [d {ubdu©Kóyd [w¬ukuúKpöH 0g yg'ukuúKpöH 0g ew¬d?oaAÁ (y) &wå0vm[um 0d, odae½kul#H b*0EÅH y&d0ga&wGmedoD'ðok/ (rZÑdryPÖmot|uxm?2/)

&wå0vm[um&wå0vm[um&wå0vm[um&wå0vm[um&wå0vm[um ===== eDaom rkdCf;wdrfwkdYonf/ odae½kul#H =odae½kul#H =odae½kul#H =odae½kul#H =odae½kul#H = jrif;rdk&fawmifukd/ y&dyga&wGm =y&dyga&wGm =y&dyga&wGm =y&dyga&wGm =y&dyga&wGm = 0kdif;&Hí/ wd|EÅd 0d, =wd|EÅd 0d, =wd|EÅd 0d, =wd|EÅd 0d, =wd|EÅd 0d, = wnfaeukefouJhokdY/edoD'ðok =edoD'ðok =edoD'ðok =edoD'ðok =edoD'ðok = xkdifaeMuavukefNyD?

rZÑdredum,f r[m&m[kavm0g'okwftzGifh

eDaom yHokulouFef;jzifh zkH;vTrf;0wf½kHawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;-onf eDaom urÁvmjzifh 0kdif;&pfum&Htyfaom a&TawmifBuD;uJhokdY-vnf;aumif;? oEÅmeDEG,fjzifh wefqmqiftyfaom a&Tpnf;ckHapwD-awmfBuD;uJhokdYvnf;aumif;? qkef;rIefYjzifh ylaZmftyfaom a&TapwDuJhokdYvnf;aumif;? csdyf&nfjzifh vdrf;usHtyfaom a&Tjymom'fBuD;uJhokdYvnf;aumif;? eDaom rkdCf;wdrftwGif;rS xkdcPü xGufay:vmaom


vjynfh0ef;BuD;uJhokdYvnf;aumif;? (y) ukd,fawmf\ usufoa&ESifh jynfhpkH-ykHum; tHhMoavmufaypG[k &Sif&m[kvm MuHpnfavNyD[lí rdefYqkd\/

xkdYjyif oH,kwåedum,f t*kFwå&edum,fwkdYüvnf; jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif-onf csdyf&nfjzifh pkdpGwfaom eDaom uopfyGifha&mif&Sdaom eDaomESpfxyfoif;ykdifukd.ç ponfjzifhvnf;aumif;? &[ef;wdkYonf jcH&HtyfaomjrwfpGmbk&m;onf eDaom urÁvmjzifh um&Htyfaom a&TykHBuD;uJhokdYvnf;aumif;? eDaom y'kr®mMumawmokdY a&mufaeaom a&TavSBuD;uJhokdYvnf;aumif;? oEÅmeDyGwfvkH;wkdYjzifh um&Hxm;tyfaom a&Tjymom'fBuD;-uJhokdYvnf;aumif; wifhw,fawmfrlNyD? t&Sifom&dykwå&m t&Sifr[m-arm*¾vmefpaom rax&fBuD;wkdYonfvnf; rkdCf;wdrfeDa&mif&SdaomyHokulouFef;ukd wifvTrf;½kHawmfrlMuí ywåjrm;eD pDjc,faom csyfwef-qmjzifh 0wfqifaom qifajymifBuD;wkdYuJhokdY 0ef;0kdif; jcH&HaeMuavukefNyD[lí rdefYqkd\/

þokdYponfjzifh rkdCf;wdrfeDa&mifcsdyf&nfjzifh pGwfaom eDaomuopfyGifha&mifç urÁvmeDa&mifç oEÅmeDa&mifç eDaom y'kr®mMumawmponfjzifh teDa&mif OyrmwkdYrsm;pGm qkdxm;aMumif; &efuif;awm&(ebl;usif;) q&mawmf b'EÅwdó&r[max&f a&;om;pD&iftyfaompD0&0PÖ0dedpä, ouFef;a&miftqkH;tjzwfusrf;ü rsm;pGm jyqkdxm;-ygonf/

xkdYjyifvnf; ck'´odu©m#Duma[mif;ç #DumopfwkdYvnf; eDaomouFef;onf v,facgif&rf;yGifha&mif &Sd\[lí rdefYqkd\/

ygVdawmfvm tndKa&mif

ax&*gxmygVdawmf zkóax&*gxm (*gxmeHygwf-959) ü ---O'¨wm p b0dóEÅd? eDvpD0&yg½kwm/O'¨wm p b0dóEÅd? eDvpD0&yg½kwm/O'¨wm p b0dóEÅd? eDvpD0&yg½kwm/O'¨wm p b0dóEÅd? eDvpD0&yg½kwm/O'¨wm p b0dóEÅd? eDvpD0&yg½kwm/

uk[m x'¨g vyg ouk[m x'¨g vyg ouk[m x'¨g vyg ouk[m x'¨g vyg ouk[m x'¨g vyg odd dd d*Ð? p&dóE*Ð? p&dóE*Ð? p&dóE*Ð? p&dóE*Ð? p&dóEÅÅ ÅÅ Å s&d,m 0d,/s&d,m 0d,/s&d,m 0d,/s&d,m 0d,/s&d,m 0d,/


&[ef;wkdYonf pdwfwnfMunfrI uif;í ysHUvGifhjcif;&SdMuukefvsuftndKa&mifouFef;ukd wifvTrf;½kHMuonf jzpfMuukefvdrfhvwåHU/ tHhzG,fukdjyKMuvsuf trsufrmefrmejzifh cufxefMurf;wrf;aom pdwf&SdMuNyD;vQifypönf;&aMumif;pum;ukd qkdMuí OD;csKduJhokdY xif&Sm;aom udavom&SdaeMuygukefvsuf t&d,mwkdYuJhokdY oGm;vmukefvdrfhvwåHU[k qkd\/

þ*gxmvm tndKa&mifpum;onf tem*wfumvü t&Sufr&Sd-aom ,kwfrmukefaom &[ef;wkdY\ rtyfaom ouFef;a&mifukdomqkdtyf\/ xkdYaMumifh tndKa&mifouFef;ukd r,loifh? (0g) r0wf½kHoifh[krSwfom;tyf\/

0wf½kHoifhaom ta&mif (3) rsKd;

1/ teDa&mifqkd;&nf qkd;Budrfrsm;í tndKa&mifjzpfoGm;jcif;?

2/ teDa&mifqkd;&nf ,kwfavsmhoGm;í 0goGm;jcif;?

3/ yifukdteDa&mifç rlvteDa&mifjzpfjcif;? þta&mifokH;rsKd; vGefjcif;ç,kwfjcif;ç nDrQjcif;[laom taMumif;wkdYaMumifh jzpfoGm;aomta&mifrsm;? aq;rIefYESifh qkd;&nf txl;r&Sdaom ta&mifrsm; tyfzG,f&Sdonf[k qkdygonf/

tusOf;csKyf rSwfom;&ef

0denf;w&m;awmfüvmaom tvGefndKç tvGefeD paom ta&mif(7)rsKd;wkdYukd jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu y,fxm;NyD;jzpfonf/ okwåefygVdçt|uxmç #DumwkdYü vm&Sdaom teDç t0gç tndKç tjzLysuftm;jzifhta&mifav;rsKd;wkdYwGifvnf; t0ga&mifukd teDa&miftrsKd;EG,fü xnfh-oGif;í ,lojzifh oD;jcm;r,l? tndKESifh tjzLysufa&mifwkdYum; &[ef;-wkdYtm; ravsmfojzifh r,lbJ y,fonf/

xkdYaMumifh 0denf;usrf;vm rtyfaomta&mif (7)rsKd;rS vGwfvQif


tyfaomta&mifvnf; (7)rsKd;yif jzpfEkdifonf[k r,lrlí teDa&mifwpfrsKd;wnf;ukdom ,ltyfç ,loifhawmhonf[k rSwf&m\/

þü teDa&mif[k qkdcJhygaomfvnf; tvGef &J&JeDaom teDa&mif-um; rjzpfoifh? tvkH;pkHndKac: tvGefndK paom rtyfaom ta&mif(7)rsKd;vnf; rjzpfoifhyg/

qkH;jzwfcsuf

1/ rtyfaom ta&mifwkdYrS vGwfjcif;vnf;aumif;?2/ jrwfpGmbk&m; cGifhjyKxm;aom qkd;&nfwkdYjzifh qkd;jcif;vnf;aumif;?3/ &[ef;wkdY\ ouFef;a&miftjzpfjzifh oifhavsmfavsmufywfjcif;vnf;-

aumif; -þt*Fg (3) csufwkdYESifhwuG nDñGwfjynfhpkHaom teDa&mifç csdyf&nf-

ta&mifç y'kr®mMumeDa&mifç rkdCf;wdrfeDa&mifç v,facgif&rf;yGifha&mif-wkdYuJhokdY eDaomta&mifukdom pifppf tyfaom ta&mif[líç {ueftyfaom ta&mif[lí ,kHrSm;uif;aomtm;jzifh ,ltyf\/

þtqkH;tjzwfukd 0wf½kHzkH;vTrf;aom ouFef;\ tyfaomta&mif-ukd ESvkH;oGif;xm; pdwf0ifpm;Muukefaom olwkdYonf txl;odtyf\/tvkdvnf;&Sdtyf\/ tusOf;tm;jzifhvnf; aumif;pGm rSwfom;xm;-tyf\/ (pD0&0PÖ0dedpä,usrf;? ebl;usif;awm&q&mawmf b'´EÅwdó&)

rtyfaom t0wfouFef;rsm;

1/ oref;jrufwkdYjzifh &uftyfaom t0wf?2/ avQmfawwkdYjzifh &uftyfaom t0wf?3/ ysOfcsyfoP²mef&Sdaom tjym;wkdYjzifh pDtyfaom t0wf?4/ qHyifrSjzpfaom urÁvmç om;NrD;rSjzpfaom urÁvm?5/ cifykwfawmifjzifh &uftyfaom t0wf?6/ tarG;ESifhwuGç cGmESifhwuGaom orifa&?


tZde-ukd ]opfeuf}[k ay;Mu\? tbd"mefedó,opfüum;orif[k ay;onf? cGmESifhwuG[k qkdaomaMumifh opfeufrjzpfEkdif?(ck'´odu©mbmom#Dum?96/) qkdcJhNyD;aom t0wfukd 0wf½kHokH;aqmifaom&[ef;tm; xkv’pöOf;tmywf oifh\/

'kuú#ftmywfoifhaom t0wfrsm;

1/ iSufaysmavQmfrQifjzifh &uftyfaom t0wf?2/ NydwfavQmfrQifjzifh &uftyfaom t0wf?3/ r½kd;avQmfrQifjzifh &uftyfaom t0wf?4/ oifyef;avQmfjzifh &uftyfaom t0wf?5/ tvkH;pkHndKaom t0wf?6/ tvkH;pkHarmif;aom t0wf?7/ tvkH;pkH a&Taom t0wf?8/ tvkH;pkHeDaom t0wf?9/ tvkH;pkHrnf;eufaom t0wf?

10/ uif;ajcrsm; ausmufukef;tqif; rsm;aom emrnf&Sdaom qkd;&nf-wkdYjzifh qkd;tyfaomt0wf?

11/ opfcGHouFef;?12/ rjzwftyfaom tNrdwftqm&SdaomouFef;?13/ &Snfaom tNrdwftqm&SdaomouFef;?14/ yef;yGifhyrm tNrdwftqm&SdaomouFef;?15/ tusÐoifwkdif; (oifwkdif;[lonf rdef;rwkdY\ *g0ef ppfom;wkdY\

tay:u ppf0wftdwfrsKd; vl\ ukd,fvkH;ukd,f&yfESifh awmfatmifwkdif;í csKyf&aomaMumifh oifwkdif;[k a&S;u ay;Muonf/) ,ck-acwfü ]tHoudk#f}[k emrnfwyfí rdef;rabmfvDESifh cyfqifqifwlaom twGif;u acR;rpkdatmif cH0wfaomt0wfvnf; ]uÍöKu}


yifjzpfí rtyf[k qkH;jzwfawmfrlonf/ (ck'´odu©mbmom#Dum?99/)

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) ouFef;tvkcH&ç tckd;cH&í ouFef;r&Sdaom tpädEépD0&&[ef;twGuf qkdcJhNyD;aom uko0gu oref;jrufç avQmf-awouFef;paom t0wfrsm; 0wfaumif;\/

ouFef;twkdif;twm yrmPrsm; &we0*f eEaw¬&odu©myk'f ac:ok*wpD0&odu©myk'fü jyqkdxm;onfrsm; jyefMunfh½Iyg/

jzwftyfaom ouFef;ukd cGifhjyKawmfrlykH

oAÁnKbk&m;ocifonf &mZN*dK[fjynfrS 'u©dPmyxokdY a'opm&Dt<uwGif rm*"&mZfwkdif;om;wkdY\ v,fcif;v,fwmykHukd enf;ñTefjyíouFef;pD&ifvkdaMumif;ESifh trdefYawmfjrwf&Sdí t&SiftmeEmonf pD&if-EkdifygaMumif; wm0ef,lum aumif;pGm ouFef;csKyfvkyfpD&ifí jyvmonfhumv jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf azmfjyyg pum;&yfwkdY rdefYqkdí t&SiftmeEmrax&ftm; csD;usL;rdefYMum;awmfrlonf/

y@dawm bdu©a0 tmeaE´m? r[myanm bdu©a0 tmeaE´m?y@dawm bdu©a0 tmeaE´m? r[myanm bdu©a0 tmeaE´m?y@dawm bdu©a0 tmeaE´m? r[myanm bdu©a0 tmeaE´m?y@dawm bdu©a0 tmeaE´m? r[myanm bdu©a0 tmeaE´m?y@dawm bdu©a0 tmeaE´m? r[myanm bdu©a0 tmeaE´m?,Mw [d emr r,m oHcdawåe bmodwó tw¬H 0dw¬ma&e tmZm-,Mw [d emr r,m oHcdawåe bmodwó tw¬H 0dw¬ma&e tmZm-,Mw [d emr r,m oHcdawåe bmodwó tw¬H 0dw¬ma&e tmZm-,Mw [d emr r,m oHcdawåe bmodwó tw¬H 0dw¬ma&e tmZm-,Mw [d emr r,m oHcdawåe bmodwó tw¬H 0dw¬ma&e tmZm-edówd ukodrÜd emr u&dówd? t¹ukodrÜd emr u&dówd? r@vrÜdedówd ukodrÜd emr u&dówd? t¹ukodrÜd emr u&dówd? r@vrÜdedówd ukodrÜd emr u&dówd? t¹ukodrÜd emr u&dówd? r@vrÜdedówd ukodrÜd emr u&dówd? t¹ukodrÜd emr u&dówd? r@vrÜdedówd ukodrÜd emr u&dówd? t¹ukodrÜd emr u&dówd? r@vrÜdemr u&dówd? t¹r@vrÜd emr u&dówd? 0d0¥rÜd emr u&dówd?emr u&dówd? t¹r@vrÜd emr u&dówd? 0d0¥rÜd emr u&dówd?emr u&dówd? t¹r@vrÜd emr u&dówd? 0d0¥rÜd emr u&dówd?emr u&dówd? t¹r@vrÜd emr u&dówd? 0d0¥rÜd emr u&dówd?emr u&dówd? t¹r@vrÜd emr u&dówd? 0d0¥rÜd emr u&dówd?tEk0d0¥rÜd emr u&dówd? *Da0,surÜd emr u&dówd? ZaCF,surÜdtEk0d0¥rÜd emr u&dówd? *Da0,surÜd emr u&dówd? ZaCF,surÜdtEk0d0¥rÜd emr u&dówd? *Da0,surÜd emr u&dówd? ZaCF,surÜdtEk0d0¥rÜd emr u&dówd? *Da0,surÜd emr u&dówd? ZaCF,surÜdtEk0d0¥rÜd emr u&dówd? *Da0,surÜd emr u&dówd? ZaCF,surÜdemr u&dówd? Am[EÅrÜd emr u&dówd? qdEéuH b0dówd? ow¬vlcH?emr u&dówd? Am[EÅrÜd emr u&dówd? qdEéuH b0dówd? ow¬vlcH?emr u&dówd? Am[EÅrÜd emr u&dówd? qdEéuH b0dówd? ow¬vlcH?emr u&dówd? Am[EÅrÜd emr u&dówd? qdEéuH b0dówd? ow¬vlcH?emr u&dówd? Am[EÅrÜd emr u&dówd? qdEéuH b0dówd? ow¬vlcH?orPom½kyÜH? ypöw¬dumeÍö tEkbdpädwH? tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 qdEéuHorPom½kyÜH? ypöw¬dumeÍö tEkbdpädwH? tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 qdEéuHorPom½kyÜH? ypöw¬dumeÍö tEkbdpädwH? tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 qdEéuHorPom½kyÜH? ypöw¬dumeÍö tEkbdpädwH? tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 qdEéuHorPom½kyÜH? ypöw¬dumeÍö tEkbdpädwH? tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 qdEéuHoHCm#ð qdEéuH Owå&mo*ø qdEéuH tEÅ&0gouH/oHCm#ð qdEéuH Owå&mo*ø qdEéuH tEÅ&0gouH/oHCm#ð qdEéuH Owå&mo*ø qdEéuH tEÅ&0gouH/oHCm#ð qdEéuH Owå&mo*ø qdEéuH tEÅ&0gouH/oHCm#ð qdEéuH Owå&mo*ø qdEéuH tEÅ&0gouH/

teufay;ykH

bdu©a0 bdu©a0 bdu©a0 bdu©a0 bdu©a0 = &[ef;wkdY/ tmeaE´m tmeaE´m tmeaE´m tmeaE´m tmeaE´m = tmeE´monf/ y@dawm y@dawm y@dawm y@dawm y@dawm =taMumif;tusKd;ukd xkd;xGif;í odwwfaom ÓPf&Sd\/ bdu©a0 bdu©a0 bdu©a0 bdu©a0 bdu©a0 =&[ef;wkdY/ tmeaE´m tmeaE´m tmeaE´m tmeaE´m tmeaE´m = tmeE´monf/ r[myanm r[myanm r[myanm r[myanm r[myanm = BuD;us,faom


ynm&Sd\/ r,m r,m r,m r,m r,m = igbk&m;onf/ oHcdawåe oHcdawåe oHcdawåe oHcdawåe oHcdawåe = tusOf;tm;jzifh/bmodwó bmodwó bmodwó bmodwó bmodwó = a[mtyfaom pum;\/ tw¬H tw¬H tw¬H tw¬H tw¬H = teufukd/ ,Mw [d,Mw [d,Mw [d,Mw [d,Mw [demr = a,m emr tmeaE´m =emr = a,m emr tmeaE´m =emr = a,m emr tmeaE´m =emr = a,m emr tmeaE´m =emr = a,m emr tmeaE´m = tMuif tmeE´monf/ 0dw¬ma&e =0dw¬ma&e =0dw¬ma&e =0dw¬ma&e =0dw¬ma&e =tus,ftm;jzifh/ tmZmedówd tmZmedówd tmZmedówd tmZmedówd tmZmedówd = odEkdifbd\/ aom tmeaE´m aom tmeaE´m aom tmeaE´m aom tmeaE´m aom tmeaE´m = xkdtmeEmonf/ ukodrÜd emr ukodrÜd emr ukodrÜd emr ukodrÜd emr ukodrÜd emr = tem;ywfvTmrnfonfukd (= ajrmif;&Snf-vTmrnfonfukd)vnf;? u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd = jyKbd\/ t¹ukodrÜd emr =t¹ukodrÜd emr =t¹ukodrÜd emr =t¹ukodrÜd emr =t¹ukodrÜd emr =w½kwfajrmif;wkdvTmonfukdvnf;? u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd = jyKbd\/ r@vrÜd emrr@vrÜd emrr@vrÜd emrr@vrÜd emrr@vrÜd emr===== tdrf0ef;BuD; r[mr@vrnfonfukdvnf;? u&dówd u&dówd u&dówd u&dówd u&dówd = jyKbd\/t¹r@vrÜd emr = t¹r@vrÜd emr = t¹r@vrÜd emr = t¹r@vrÜd emr = t¹r@vrÜd emr = tdrf0ef;i,f t¹r@vrnfonfukdvnf;/u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd = jyKbd\/ 0d0¥rÜd =0d0¥rÜd =0d0¥rÜd =0d0¥rÜd =0d0¥rÜd = uGJtdrfESpfck wpfaygif;wnf;jyKícsKyftyfaom tv,facgifpyf rnfonfukdvnf;/ u&dówd = u&dówd = u&dówd = u&dówd = u&dówd = jyKbd\/tEk0d0¥rÜd emr = tEk0d0¥rÜd emr = tEk0d0¥rÜd emr = tEk0d0¥rÜd emr = tEk0d0¥rÜd emr = vuf0J vuf,m ab;ESpfbufwkdYü &Hpyfí csKyftyf-aom tpyftykdif;tvTmrnfonfukdvnf;/ u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd = jyKbd\/*Da0,surÜd emr = *Da0,surÜd emr = *Da0,surÜd emr = *Da0,surÜd emr = *Da0,surÜd emr = vnfxd&m t&yfü xyfícsKyftyfaom tm*EÅKu-vTmrnfonfukdvnf;? u&dówd = u&dówd = u&dówd = u&dówd = u&dówd = jyKbd\/ ZaCF,surÜd emr = ZaCF,surÜd emr = ZaCF,surÜd emr = ZaCF,surÜd emr = ZaCF,surÜd emr = ovkH;-jrif;acgif; xd&mt&yfü xyfí csKyftyfaom tm*EÅKuvTmrnfonfukd-vnf;/ u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd = jyKbd\/ Am[EÅrÜd emr = Am[EÅrÜd emr = Am[EÅrÜd emr = Am[EÅrÜd emr = Am[EÅrÜd emr = vufvdyfpyfrnf-onfukdvnf;/ u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd =u&dówd = jyKbd\/ ow¬vlcH =ow¬vlcH =ow¬vlcH =ow¬vlcH =ow¬vlcH = "m;vSD;í/ qdEéuH =qdEéuH =qdEéuH =qdEéuH =qdEéuH =jzwftyfonf/ b0dówd =b0dówd =b0dówd =b0dówd =b0dówd = jzpfbd\/ orPom½kyÜH =orPom½kyÜH =orPom½kyÜH =orPom½kyÜH =orPom½kyÜH = &[ef;tm;avsmufywfaypG/ ypöw¬dumeÍö = ypöw¬dumeÍö = ypöw¬dumeÍö = ypöw¬dumeÍö = ypöw¬dumeÍö = &efolwkdYonfrlvnf;/ tebdpädwH =tebdpädwH =tebdpädwH =tebdpädwH =tebdpädwH =vkdcsifzG,f r&SdbdpG/ bdu©a0 =bdu©a0 =bdu©a0 =bdu©a0 =bdu©a0 = &[ef;wkdY/ qdEéuH = qdEéuH = qdEéuH = qdEéuH = qdEéuH = jzwftyfaom/oHCm#ð = oHCm#ð = oHCm#ð = oHCm#ð = oHCm#ð = 'kuk#fukd/ qdEéuH = qdEéuH = qdEéuH = qdEéuH = qdEéuH = jzwftyfaom/ Owå&mo*ø = Owå&mo*ø = Owå&mo*ø = Owå&mo*ø = Owå&mo*ø = ukd,f0wfukd/qdEéuH = qdEéuH = qdEéuH = qdEéuH = qdEéuH = jzwftyfaom/ tEÅ&0gouH = tEÅ&0gouH = tEÅ&0gouH = tEÅ&0gouH = tEÅ&0gouH = oif;ykdifukd/ tEkZmemrd =tEkZmemrd =tEkZmemrd =tEkZmemrd =tEkZmemrd =igbk&m; cGifhjyKawmfrl\/

(0denf;r[m0gygVdawmf?400/ 0denf;Oya'awmfBuD;?330/)


ouFef;ESifhpyfaom tac:ta0:rsm;

1/ ukod ukod ukod ukod ukod = ajrmif;&SnfvTm? 2/ t¹ukod =t¹ukod =t¹ukod =t¹ukod =t¹ukod = w½kwfajrmif;wkdvTm?3/ r[mr@v = r[mr@v = r[mr@v = r[mr@v = r[mr@v = tdrf0ef;BuD;? 4/t¹r@v = t¹r@v = t¹r@v = t¹r@v = t¹r@v = tdrf0ef;i,f? 5/ 0d0¥0d0¥0d0¥0d0¥0d0¥===== tv,facgifpyfBuD;? 6/ tEk0d0¥ =tEk0d0¥ =tEk0d0¥ =tEk0d0¥ =tEk0d0¥ = vuf0Jvuf,m ab;ESpfbuftpyftykdif;vTm? 7/ *Da0,su =*Da0,su =*Da0,su =*Da0,su =*Da0,su = vnfyif;xd&mt&yf xyfí csKyftyfaomtem;ywfvTm? 8/ ZaCF,su = ZaCF,su = ZaCF,su = ZaCF,su = ZaCF,su = om;vkH;jrif;acgif;xd&mt&yf xyfícsKyftyfaom tem;ywfvTmç tm*EÅKutvTm? 9/ Am[EÅ = Am[EÅ = Am[EÅ = Am[EÅ = Am[EÅ = vufvdyfvdyfaomtcg xyfí csKyftyfaom tem;ywfvTm? 10/ ow¬u =ow¬u =ow¬u =ow¬u =ow¬u =ouFef;jzwfp&m "m;i,f? 11/ olpd =olpd =olpd =olpd =olpd = tyf? 12/ olpdemVdu = olpdemVdu = olpdemVdu = olpdemVdu = olpdemVdu = tyfusnf?13/ uxde =uxde =uxde =uxde =uxde = um;? 14/ uxde&ZÆK = uxde&ZÆK = uxde&ZÆK = uxde&ZÆK = uxde&ZÆK = um;ü csnfp&mBudK;? 15/ tEk-tEk-tEk-tEk-tEk-0gw = 0gw = 0gw = 0gw = 0gw = tvsm;tem;ywf? 16/ y&db@ =y&db@ =y&db@ =y&db@ =y&db@ = teH tem;ywf? 17/ '@u-'@u-'@u-'@u-'@u-xde =xde =xde =xde =xde = vSHwHzGJUaom um;i,f? 18/ 0deEú&ZÑK = 0deEú&ZÑK = 0deEú&ZÑK = 0deEú&ZÑK = 0deEú&ZÑK = um;zGJUp&mBudK;? 19/uVuVuVuVuVdd dd drrrrrÇw Çw Çw Çw Çw = yrmPrSwfaMumif; xef;&Guf? 20/ armCokwå =armCokwå =armCokwå =armCokwå =armCokwå = eEGif;BudK;jzifhwrsOf;ypfjcif;? 21/ *P²duH =*P²duH =*P²duH =*P²duH =*P²duH = urÜwfoD;? 22/ ygouH = ygouH = ygouH = ygouH = ygouH = urÜwfuGif;/23/ *P²duzvuH = *P²duzvuH = *P²duzvuH = *P²duzvuH = *P²duzvuH = urÜwfoD;tdrf? 24/ ygouzvuH = ygouzvuH = ygouzvuH = ygouzvuH = ygouzvuH = urÜwf-uGif;tdrf/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) eEGif;BudK;jzifh trSwfjyKjcif;[k qkdaomaMumifh eEGif;qkd;aomcsnfjzifh ouFef;csKyfjcif;iSmvnf; tyfonf[k xif&Sm;\/tcsKdUu rtyf[k rSwfxifwwfukef\/ qkd;&nfü eEGif;jrpf-ukd t|uxm y,fjcif;aMumifhwnf;/ (plV0gt&om?138/)

tyfç rtyfaom urÜwfoD;rsm;

a&TurÜwfoD;ç aiGurÜwfoD;wkdY rtyfukef/ (1) t½kd;urÜwfoD;? (2)qifpG,furÜwfoD;? (3) OD;csKdurÜwfoD;? (4) usLurÜwfoD;? (5) 0g;-urÜwfoD;? (6) opfom;urÜwfoD;? (7) csdwfurÜwfoD;? (8) opfoD;-urÜwfoD;? (9) aMu;urÜwfoD;? (10) c½koif;urÜwfoD;? (11) csnf-urÜwfoD;wkdYukd cGifhjyKawmfrlonf/


(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) urÜwfoD;tdrfukd ouFef;tpGef;ü wyf&ef cGifhjyKawmfrl\?urÜwfuGif;tdrfukd tem;ywftpGef;rS vufckepfopf&Spfopf-rQ avQmhí wyf&ef cGifhjyKawmfrlonf/

rtyfaom qdk;&nf (9) rsKd;

tjrpfwdkYwGif - 1/ eEGif;jrpf/ yifpnfqdk;&nfwdkYwGif - 2/ xef;usihf?3/ ydEéJEG,fyif/ t&Gufqkd;&nfwdkYwGif - 4/ rJ&Guf? 5/ 'ef;&Guf/ tacgufqdk;&nfwdkYwGif - 6/ Muydkifacguf? 7/ a'guf&yfacguf/ tyGifhqkd;&nfwdkY-wGif - 8/ 0wfyef;yGifh? 9/ aygufyGifh - [lí rtyfaom qkd;&nf (9)rsKd;vm\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) eEGif;jrpfESifhç yifpnfqifhç xef;usifh ydEéJEG,f/

rJç'ef;&Guf avSmufç Muydkifacgufç tacguf a'guf&yfbG,f/0wfyef;aygufyGifhç qdk;&nfESifhç roifhudk;yg; y,f/ (a&S;q&m)

jruf-yif-acguf-&Guf-yGifh-oD;-zuf ajcmufcsuf qdk;&nftyf/

ouFef;pD&ifyHk tqifh (7) qifh

1/ a"m0ea"m0ea"m0ea"m0ea"m0e = = = = = ouFef;vsm ydwfwdk zsifpt0wfwdkYudk zGyfavQmfjcif;?

2/ 0dpm&P0dpm&P0dpm&P0dpm&P0dpm&P = = = = = ig;cPf;ç ckepfcPf;ç udk;cPf;ç q,fhwpfcPf; pD&ifjcif;?

3/ aq'eaq'eaq'eaq'eaq'e ===== jzwfjcif;?

4/ AEeAEeAEeAEeAEe = = = = = wGJpyfzGJUjcif;?

5/ odyÜeodyÜeodyÜeodyÜeodyÜe ===== csKyfjcif;?

6/ &Ze&Ze&Ze&Ze&Ze ===== qdk;&nfqdk;jcif;?

7/ uyÜu&PuyÜu&PuyÜu&PuyÜu&PuyÜu&P = = = = = uyÜAdE´Kxdk;jcif;[lí tqifh(7)qifh jyqdkxm;onf/

xdkckepfrsKd;udk uxdefrcif;rD a&S;tzdkYü jyKtyfaomaMumifh ykAÁu&P[k ac:onf/


(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) zGyf- pD&if- jzwfç wGJpyf- csKyf- qdk;ç AdE´Kxkd;ç ac:½kd; ykAÁod/

tcef;zGJUrIESifh pyfí rSwf&ef

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(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) rk|dyÍöuHç rk|dwduH - [l&mü awmifqkyfrsm;ukd ayrDukdufrDolwkdY\ tawmifqkyfjzifh awmifvQif tvsm; - av;-awmifxGm? teH - okH;awmif &Sd&um; twkdqkH;yrmP-[laom ucFgpum;onf tvsm;ukd;xGm teHajcmufxGm-[laom ok*wpD0&odu©myk'fvmpum;ESifh nDñGwfonf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) ig;awmif awmifqkyf? okH;awmifqkyf? 'kuk#f ukd,f½kHrSm/tvsm; xkd[ef? ESpfawmifeH? rSwf&ef oif;ykdifrSm/

þü t,ltqwpfrsKd; &Sdao;\/ ig;awmifawmifqkyfü av;-awmif tjynfhawmifí aemufqkH; wpfawmifukdom awmifqkyfawmif-vQif av;awmifxGm ruay? okH;awmifqkyfüvnf; ESpfawmiftjynhfawmifí aemufqkH;wpfawmifukdom awmifqkyfawmifvQif okH;awmifrjynfhawmhay/ rk|dyÍöru ig;ckajrmuf awmifqkyf&Sd\[k rqkdbJ rk|d-yÍöu awmifqkyfig;cktaygif;[k qkdxm;onfukd qifjcifMunfhMuygav/

0kwåaO§wH ]]tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 tm,mrawm t|*kFvH ok*w-*kFave pwk&*Fkv0dw¬wH ypädrH pD0&H 0duayÜwkEÅd/

tvsm;-jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif vufopfawmfjzifh vuf&Spfopf teH-vufav;opfwkdY&Sdygu 0duyÜemjyK&ef ti,fqkH;yrmPukd bk&m;&SifcGifhjyKawmfrlonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif vuf&Spfopf wpfrkdufonf vufr-tm;jzifh ukd;vufr jzpfonf/ teHrSm av;vufrcGJ jzpfonf/

anmifapmif; uk#ifrsm;\ tajcrSmvnf; bk&m;&Sifvufopfawmf-jzifh &Spfvufopfxm;&ef odu©myk'fawmf &Sdonf/ &Spfvufopf wpfrkduf-wGif ukd;vufrjzpfí ,kd;',m;ç uarÇm'D;,m;EkdifiHwkdYwGif anmifapmif;


uk#iftajc ukd;vufrom xm;&SdtokH;jyKMuaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/zm;atmufawm&wGifvnf; uk#if anmifapmif;rsm;\ tajcukd ukd;-vufrom tokH;jyKonfukd awGU&ygonf/

jrefrmEkdifiHwGif anmifapmif;tajcukd wpfawmifxGm ,lMuonf/okH;qwkd; acgufcsKd;wuf0g't& wpfawmifhxGm jzpfvmonf/

e bdu©a0 'DCH 'EÅu|H cg'dwAÁH a,m cga',s tmywåd 'kuú#ó/e bdu©a0 'DCH 'EÅu|H cg'dwAÁH a,m cga',s tmywåd 'kuú#ó/e bdu©a0 'DCH 'EÅu|H cg'dwAÁH a,m cga',s tmywåd 'kuú#ó/e bdu©a0 'DCH 'EÅu|H cg'dwAÁH a,m cga',s tmywåd 'kuú#ó/e bdu©a0 'DCH 'EÅu|H cg'dwAÁH a,m cga',s tmywåd 'kuú#ó/tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 t|*kFvy&rH 'EÅu|H/ tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 t|*kFvy&rH 'EÅu|H/ tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 t|*kFvy&rH 'EÅu|H/ tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 t|*kFvy&rH 'EÅu|H/ tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 t|*kFvy&rH 'EÅu|H/ (plV0gygVdawmf?279/)

þü 'efylukd vuf&Spfopf cGifhjyKawmfrlonf/ xkd'efylukd okH;qwkd;acgufcsKd;wuf0g'jzifh wGufvQif wpfawmifhxGm jzpf&m\/ 'efyl wpf-awmifhxGm rjzpfEkdifay/ bk&m;&Sif\ 'efylawmfonf wpfawmifhxGm&Sd&-rvkd jzpfaeygonf/

xkdYaMumifh bk&m;&Sif\ vufopfawmfwpfrkdufonf ukd;vufr&Sdonf[laom wGufcsufrIt& t"d|mef 0duyÜemjyK&rnfh ti,fqkH;ydwfwkdzsifpouFef;vsmonfvnf;aumif;ç anmifapmif;ç uk#iftajc-onfvnf;aumif;ç 'efylonfvnf;aumif; ukd;vufr &Sd&rnf[k ,lq-vQif tqifajy rSefuefvdrfhrnf[k xifjrif,lqygonf/

ouFef;rSmvnf; tvsm; - av;awmifxGm teH - okH;awmifti,fqkH; yrmPxm;í tBuD;qkH;yrmPrSm bk&m;&Sif\ouFef;awmftvsm; - ajcmufawmif wpfay wpfvufr? teH av;awmif ukd;vufryrmPatmuf tenf;i,f avQmhí 0wf½kHoifhaMumif; xifjrif,lq-ygonf/

jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ vufoef;txGmawmfukd 9-vufrjzifh ,lyguonmpdum,uk#dyrmPç edoD'kdeftcif;yrmPrsm; tvGefrBuD;rm;-awmhbJ okH;aqmifavmuf½kHjzpfí obm0usayvdrfhonf/


]]&SifapmwpfxGm? rZfokH;xGm? 'kdYrSm xuf0ufaESm}}]]&SifapmwpfxGm? rZfokH;xGm? 'kdYrSm xuf0ufaESm}}]]&SifapmwpfxGm? rZfokH;xGm? 'kdYrSm xuf0ufaESm}}]]&SifapmwpfxGm? rZfokH;xGm? 'kdYrSm xuf0ufaESm}}]]&SifapmwpfxGm? rZfokH;xGm? 'kdYrSm xuf0ufaESm}} vuFmtwkdif;wGufcsufvQifum; onmpdum,uk#drSmvnf; BuD;rm;aeonf? edoD'kdeftcif;rSmvnf; BuD;rm;aeaMumif; awGUMu&rnfjzpfygonf/ pOf;pm;a0zefí vufcH qkH;jzwf twnfjyKEkdifMuap&ef jynfhpkHatmif a&;om;wifjyvkdufygonf/

ausmif;ESifhpyfí rSwfom;zG,frsm;

ausmif;[laom t"dyÜm,fukd ygVdü aoemoe[kvnf;aumif;ç0d[m&[kvnf;aumif;ç uk#d[kvnf;aumif; ac:a0:okH;pGJMuonfukdawGU&ygonf/

1/ aoemoe = (aoe+tmoe) &[ef;wkdY\ ]tdyf&mae&m}[laomt"dyÜm,fukd qkdvkdygonf/

2/ 0d[m& = avsmif;xkdif&yfoGm; £&d,mykxfav;yg;wkdYwGif wpfyg;\ emusifjcif;ukd wpfyg;jzifh y,fazsmuf&m ]Xme}[laom t"dyÜm,fukd qkdvkdygonf/

3/ uk#d = tyltat;'Pfukd jzwfawmuf&m ]Xme}[laomt"dyÜm,fukd qkdygonf/

uk#dESifh 0d[m&txl;

aqmufvkyfol'g,um r&Sd rdrdbmom ukd,fwkdifaqmufvkyf&aomausmif;ukd ]uk#d}[k ac:ygonf/ aqmufvkyfol 'g,umu aqmufvkyfNyD;rS vSL'gef;aom ausmif;ukd ]0d[m&}[k ac:ygonf/

(aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) ykdif&Sif r&Sd? uk#dac:&? &Sif&Sdu? ac:Mu 0d[m&m/

ausmif;ukd cGifhjyKawmfrljcif;

bkef;awmfBuD;awmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf &mZN*dK[fjynfa0VK0ef0g;awmü oDwif;okH;aeawmfrlaomtcg &[ef;wkYdtm; ausmif;-


ukd cGifhrjyKao;yg/

&[ef;wkdYonf awmopfyif&if;ç awmifacsmufç awmifacgif;çocFsKdif;ç awmtkyfç vGifjyifç aumuf½kd;ykH xkdxkdt&yfü jzpfovkdaeMu-&onf/

wpfaeYaomtcg &mZN*dK[fjynfrS olaX;wpfOD;onf &[ef;awmf-wkdY\ MunfndKzG,f&Sdaom a&SUokdYwufjcif;ç aemufokdYqkwfjcif;ç Munfh½I-jcif;ç auG;jcif;ç qefYjcif;ç rsufvTmcsvsuf £&d,mykxfwkdYjzifh oGm;vmaexkdifMuonfukd awGU&SdMunfndKí ausmif;aqmifav;awG aqmuf-vkyfvSLvkdaMumif; &[ef;wkdYtm; ajymMum;avQmufxm;&m &[ef;wkdYubk&m;&Sif cGifhrjyKao;aMumif; rdefYMum;Mu&m jrwfpGmbk&m;&Siftm; &[ef;-wdkYu avQmufxm;í jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifonf a&S;OD;pGm ausmif; (5)rsKd;cGifhjyKawmfrlonf/

ausmif; (5) rsKd;

&[ef;wkdY ESpfzufrkd;ausmif;ukdvnf;aumif;ç wpfzufrkd;ausmif;ukdvnf;aumif;ç jymom'f&Snfukdvnf;aumif;ç jymom'fOD;jynf;ukdvnf;aumif;ç vkdPf*lukdvnf;aumif; þig;yg;aom ae&mausmif;wkdYudkigbk&m; cGifhjyKawmfrl\[k rdefYawmfrl\/

&mZN*dK[folaX; od&Sdí wpf&ufwnf;üyif ajcmufq,faomausmif;wkdYukd wnfaqmufí bk&m;&Sifukd avQmufxm;&m jrwfpGmbk&m;-&Sifu vmNyD;çvmvwåHUaom t&yfav;rsufESmü&Sdaom oHCmtm; vSL-avmh[k rdefYawmfrlonf/

&mZN*dK[folaX;BuD;onf xkdausmif;aygif;ajcmufq,fwkdYukd tm*-wmem*w pwk'domoHCdu t&yfav;rsufESm&Sd oHCmtm; vSLav\/xkdtcgrSpí ausmif;rsm; jzpfay:vmonf/ (plV0gygVdjrefrmjyef?295/)


0d[m& (3) rsKd;

1/ oHCdu0d[m& = tm*wmem*w pwk'domoHCduausmif;?

2/ *PoEÅu0d[m& = £rH 0d[m&H tm,o®EÅmeH 'r®d£rH 0d[m&H tm,o®EÅmeH 'r®d£rH 0d[m&H tm,o®EÅmeH 'r®d£rH 0d[m&H tm,o®EÅmeH 'r®d£rH 0d[m&H tm,o®EÅmeH 'r®d????? þausmif;ukdt&SifjrwfwkdYtm; vSLyg\[k qkdí vSLtyf-aomausmif;onf *kdPf;ykdifausmif;?

3/ yk*¾vdu0d[m& = £rH 0d[m&H tm,o®awm 'r®d£rH 0d[m&H tm,o®awm 'r®d£rH 0d[m&H tm,o®awm 'r®d£rH 0d[m&H tm,o®awm 'r®d£rH 0d[m&H tm,o®awm 'r®d[k qkdí t&Sif-bk&m;tm; vSLyg\[k yk*¾dKvftm; vSLvQifyk*¾vduausmif; wpfyg;wnf;ykdif yk*¾vduausmif; jzpfonf/ (0de,mvuFm&#Dum?52/)

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) *kdPf;tm;vkH;jzpfapç yk*¾dKvfujzpfap ray;tyfbJ rvTJbJysHawmfrlvQif rwoEÅuoHCduausmif;yif jzpfoGm;-ygonf/ (0de,mvuFm&#Dum?75/)

uk#d (3) rsKd;

1/ Ov’dwåuk#d = t*Faw ajrnuf ESpfrsKd;wkdYjzifh eH&HESifh pyfítrkd;twGif;u vdrf;usHtyfaom uk#d?

2/ t0vdwåuk#d = t*Faw ajrnufwkdYjzifh eH&HESifh trkd;tjyif-bufu vdrf;usHtyfaom uk#d?

3/ Ov’dwåm0vdwåuk#d =xkdYtwl twGif;tjyif vdrf;usHtyfaom uk#d?

0d[m& (3) rsKd;

1/ Ov’dwå0d[m&? 2/ t0vdwå0d[m&? 3/ Ov’dwåm0vdwå0d[m&[kuk#dtwkdif;yif twGif;vdrf;usHç tjyifvdrf;usHç twGif;tjyifvdrf;usH[k0d[m&(3)rsKd;yif jzpfonf/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) twGif;bufü t*Fawajrnuf vdrf;usHaomtcgatmufupNyD; txufokdY wufí vdrf;usHtyf\/ tjyif


bufu vdrf;usHaomtcg txufu pNyD; atmufokdYoufí vdrf;usHtyf\/ (O = txuf? t0 = atmuf)uk#dESifh pyfí oEéd"dodu©myk'fvm uyÜd,uk#d tuyÜd,uk#d-wkdYukd rSwfom;oifhygonf/

uyÜd,uk#d (4) rsKd;

1/ Oóm0eEÅduuk#d? 2/ a*gedom'duuk#d? 3/ *[ywduk#d? 4/or®Kwduk#d[k av;rsKd; &Sdonf/

1/ Oóm0eEÅduuk#d

oHCm\vnf;aumif;ç yk*¾dKvf\vnf;aumif; aep&mtusKd;iSm&[ef;wkdYcsnf;oufouf jzpfap? vlomraPwkdYESifh a&míjzpfap? yxrxlaomwkdif okdYr[kwf yxreH&Hajcjzpfaom tkwfausmufukd csDajr§mufí]]uyÜd,uk#ð ua&mr}}]]uyÜd,uk#ð ua&mr}}]]uyÜd,uk#ð ua&mr}}]]uyÜd,uk#ð ua&mr}}]]uyÜd,uk#ð ua&mr}}[k qkdíjzpfap? ]uyÜd,uk#ð}]uyÜd,uk#ð}]uyÜd,uk#ð}]uyÜd,uk#ð}]uyÜd,uk#ð}[k qkdíjzpfap ajrESifhwkdif? ajrESifh tkwfausmuf xdonfESifh ygVdajymMum; &Gwfqkdjcif;tqkH;wpfNydKifeufjzpfatmifqkdí jyKvkyfaom ausmif;ukd Oóm0eEÅduuk#d[kac:onf/ ausmif;a[mif;ukd zsufíjzpfap? topfjzpfap ausmif;-aqmuf&mü þOóm0eEÅdumuk#djzpfatmif a&S;q&mwkdY pDrHavh&SdMuonf/

2/ a*gedom'duuk#d

tm&mr (=tm&mr (=tm&mr (=tm&mr (=tm&mr (= t&Htum) r&Sdaomausmif;udk a*gedom'duuk#d[kac:onf/ xdk a*gedom'duuk#donf tm&mrvnf; t&H r&Sd? ausmif;-vnf; t&H r&SdtHh? tm&mra*gedom'duuk#d[k ac:\/ ausmif;onftvHk;pHkjzpfapç wcsKdUjzpfap t&H &Sdí tm&mronf t&H r&SdtHh? 0d[m&-a*gedom'duuk#d ac:onf/ t&H r&Sdonfom vkd&if; jzpfonf? EGm;-wkdYonf 0ifa&mufEkdif&um; xkdausmif;wkdufukd a*gedom'duuk#d[k


ac:onf/

3/ *[ywduk#d

vl'g,umwkdY ausmif;aqmufí ]uyÜd,uk#ð a'r y&dbkÍÆx}[lívnf;aumif;ç ]]uyÜd,uk#ð umwkH a'r}}[lívnf;aumif; qkdívSLtyfaom ausmif;rsKd;ukd *[ywduk#d [kac:onf/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) oDwif;okH;azmf ig;a,mufwkdYwGif &[ef;ukd z,fxm;í<uif;aom oDwif;okH;azmfav;a,mufESifh vlewfwkdY vSL-aom ausmif;ukdvnf; *[ywduk#d ac:ao;onf/ wpfzef&[ef;oHCm\ ausmif;ukd z,fxm;í bdu©KeDrausmif;tm&mrfapmifh wdw¬d ewf e*g; jA[®mwkdY\ Adrmefukdvnf;*[ywduk#d ac:ao;onf[k tE¨ut|uxm qkd\/,m0umvdu ,mrumvdu 0w¬Kukd odrf;xm;aumif;\?taEÅm0kw¬tjypf r&Sd[lvkd/

4/ or®Kwduk#d

odrftwGif;ü Úwåd'kwd,ur®0gpmjzifhjzpfap? tyavmueuHjzifhjzpfap orkwftyfaom ausmif;rsKd;ukd or®Kwduk#d[k ac:onf/

tuyÜd,uk#d jzpfykH

1/ Oóm0eEÅduuk#d ysufykHOóm0eEÅduuk#d ysufykHOóm0eEÅduuk#d ysufykHOóm0eEÅduuk#d ysufykHOóm0eEÅduuk#d ysufykH = tvkH;pkHaom wkdifeH&HajcwkdYukd y,fzsuf-tyfukefaomf Oóm0eEÅduuk#d ysufí tuyÜd,uk#d jzpfonf/wkdifwpfvkH;jzpfapç eH&HajcrQjzpfap rysufao;vQif uyÜd,uk#drysufao;/

2/ a*gedom'duuk#d ysufykH = wHwkdif;ponfwkdYjzifh xuf0uf xuf0uf-xuftvGef um&Hrdaomf a*gedom'duuk#d ysufí tuyÜd,uk#djzpfonf/ wpfzef wHwkdif;tum&Hponf ysufpD;jyefaomf uyÜd,-


uk#d jzpfjyefao;\/3/ *[ywduk#d ysufykH = trkd;tm;vkH; ysufaomf uyÜd,uk#dysufí

tuyÜd,uk#d jzpfonf/4/ or®Kwduk#d ysufykH = trkd;tm;vkH;ysufaomf uyÜd,uk#dysufí

tuyÜd,uk#d jzpfonf/ jyefírkd;vQif uyÜd,uk#d jyefíjzpfonf[k,loifhaomfvnf; xkdokdYum; tqkdr&Sdyg? xkdYaMumifh 0denf;"kd&f q&m-awmfBuD;rsm;onf ausmif;jyifrkd;aomtcg trkd;tm;vkH; zsufrcsapbJ trkd;tenf;i,f csefxm;cJhNyD; aemufrS jyefrkd;apMuonf/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) a*gedom'duuk#d ponfwkdYysufí or®Kwduk#d jyKvkyfjyef-aomf tyfonf? jyKaumif;onf/ 0gom*g& aep&mausmif;r[kwfaom qGrf;pm;ausmif; Oykoftdrf ponfwkdYum;b,ftcgrS rysufaumif;aom uyÜd,uk#d rnf\/ t|u-xmBuD; aboZÆcE¨uü tus,fvmNyD/ (ygwdarmu©ar'deD?

336/) tmywfoifhykHrsm; umvduav;yg;ü jyqkdtHh/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) *[ywd? or®Kwd? a*gedOó0eef/ Oóm0eef? wkdifajc&H?ruseftm;vkH;ysuf/ a*gedom'd? um&Hrd? ysuf\&mrfxuf0uf/*[ywd? or®Kwd? r&Sdtrkd;ysuf/ 0gom*g&? r[kwfu? yÍörD rysuf/

oHCdujzpfapç yk*¾vdujzpfap aezkdY&efaqmufvkyftyfaom o[-ao,stmywfvnf; oifhavmufatmif trkd;tum&Sdaom ausmif;0,fuyÜd,uk#dukd &Sdxkduf &xkduf\/ uyÜd,uk#d r&SdvQif ,m0umvduç,mrumvdu0w¬K ESpfrsKd;wkdYukd nOfhtcgü t½kPfwufatmif rxm;-aumif;? rokdrDS;aumif;? xm;rdvQifvnf; rpm;aumif;? pm;vQif 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/ xkdokdY tmywfroifhatmif uyÜd,uk#d &Sdxkduf jzpf-xkdufonf [lvkd/ þtcsufukd owdjyKvkdufemolrsm; tawmf&Sm;aeNyDjzpfonf/


qGrf;ESifhpyfí rSwfom;zG,frsm;

yd@ygwyd@ygwyd@ygwyd@ygwyd@ygw = oydwfüuswwfaomaMumifh yd@ygw = qGrf;[kac:onf/

(aqmif) oydwfüus? jzpfavx? yd@ygw ac:/ (opf)

yd@ygwt& -yd@ygwt& -yd@ygwt& -yd@ygwt& -yd@ygwt& - qGrf;onfom yd@ygwrnfonf r[kwf?tm[m&tusKd;iSm cJtyfç vsuftyfç aomuftyforQaom trSwfr&Sd-aom cJzG,f abmZOf[lorQonf yd@ygw rnfygonf/ qGrf;tp&Sdaom,m0umvdu 0w¬KrSeforQ yd@ygwt& ,l&ygonf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) cJzG,fabmZOfrsm;jzifh tm[m&[lorQ yd@ygwyg? yd@ygwxkdt&? ,m0umvdum/ (opf)

]bdu©}o'´gonfvnf; qGrf;[laom teufukd a[m\/ Mo'eçbwå o'´gwkdYonf xrif;[laom teufukd ,l&onf/

qGrf;ç cJzG,fç abmZOf - pyg; (7)rsKd;rSjzpfaom qefukd csufvQifxrif;[kac:ouJhokdY xkdxrif;ukd &[ef;awmfwkdY tokH;wGif qGrf;[kac:qkd&onf/

pyg; (7) rsKd; -

1/omvdomvdomvdomvdomvd = oav; (aumufBuD;)pyg;rsKd;?2/ 0D[d0D[d0D[d0D[d0D[d ===== aumufvsifç aumufvwfpyg;rsKd;?3/ ,0,0,0,0,0 = rka,mpyg;rsKd; (0g) tcGHMurf;aom*sKH (bmvDaphvnf;

[l\?)4/ a*g"kra*g"kra*g"kra*g"kra*g"kr = ewfaumufpyg;rsKd;? (tcGHMurf;aom *sKHpyg;tBuD;rsKd;)?5/ 0&u0&u0&u0&u0&u = ajymif;rsKd;?6/ ukj'Kouukj'Kouukj'Kouukj'Kouukj'Kou = vl;pyg;rsKd;?7/ u*Fku*Fku*Fku*Fku*Fk = qyfpyg;rsKd; pkpkaygif; = pyg; (7)rsKd; &Sd\/


(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) oav;ç aumufvl;ç ewfç ajymif;zl;ç txl; rka,mç qyf/

cJzG,f (12) rsKd;

1/ rlvcg'eD, rlvcg'eD, rlvcg'eD, rlvcg'eD, rlvcg'eD, = tjrpfcJzG,f (uefZGef;Oç pdrf;pm;O ponf)2/ uEćg'eD,uEćg'eD,uEćg'eD,uEćg'eD,uEćg'eD, = tOcJzG,f (MumOç 0ufajrO ponf)3/ rkVmvcg'eD,rkVmvcg'eD,rkVmvcg'eD,rkVmvcg'eD,rkVmvcg'eD, = tpG,fcJzG,f (MumpG,f ponf)4/ rw¬ucg'eD,rw¬ucg'eD,rw¬ucg'eD,rw¬ucg'eD,rw¬ucg'eD, = tan§mufcJzG,f (Budrfan§mufç xef;an§mufç

rQpf ponf)

5/ cE¨cg'eD, cE¨cg'eD, cE¨cg'eD, cE¨cg'eD, cE¨cg'eD, = yifpnfcJzG,f (MuHç Mum½kd; ponf)6/ wpcg'eD,wpcg'eD,wpcg'eD,wpcg'eD,wpcg'eD, = tcGHcJzG,f (MuHcGHç uGrf;oD;cGH ponf)7/ ywåcg'eD,ywåcg'eD,ywåcg'eD,ywåcg'eD,ywåcg'eD, = t&GufcJzG,f (a*:zDç qvwfç rkefvm&Guf)8/ ykyæcg'eD,ykyæcg'eD,ykyæcg'eD,ykyæcg'eD,ykyæcg'eD, = tyGifhcJzG,f (a*:zDyGifhç rkefvmyGifhç ocGwfyGifh

ponf)

9/ zvcg'eD,zvcg'eD,zvcg'eD,zvcg'eD,zvcg'eD, = toD;cJzG,f (tkef;oD;ç xef;ç wnif;ç ydEéJoD;)

10/ t|dcg'eD,t|dcg'eD,t|dcg'eD,t|dcg'eD,t|dcg'eD, = taphcJzG,f (Mumaph ydEéJaph ponf)11/ yd|cg'eD,yd|cg'eD,yd|cg'eD,yd|cg'eD,yd|cg'eD, = trIefYcJzG,f (qefrIefY *sKHrIefY ponf)12/ ed,smocg'eD,ed,smocg'eD,ed,smocg'eD,ed,smocg'eD,ed,smocg'eD, = tap;cJzG,f (MuH&nf aq;ukvm;r ponf)

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) jrpfç Oç pG,fç an§muf? yifç acgufç &Gufç yGifh? oD;ç aphqifh?rIefYESifhap;q,fhESpf/ (q&mawmf OD;Ak"f??)

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) acguf-rSm wpcg'eD, tcGHcJzG,fyif jzpf\/

MuHcGHESifh MuH&nf umvducGJjcm;ykH

MuHcGHrSm t&nf&Sdu ,m0umvduç t&nfvkH;0r&Sdu ,m0ZD0dujzpfonf/ MuH&nfü tzwfygu ,m0umvduç tzwfrygvQif owåm[umvdu? MuH&nfukd a&ESifha&mvQif (qmavmifrGwfodyfjcif; ydygo-


taMumif;&SdvQif aomufaumif;\[k qkdaomaMumifh) ,mrumvdu[k,loifhonf/

MuH&nfonf a&ESifha&monfjzpfapç ra&monfjzpfap owåm[umvdujzpf\[k ygwdarmu©ar'deD pmrsufESm (234)ü qkd\/

abmZOf (5) yg;

1/ Mo'eMo'eMo'eMo'eMo'e = xrif;? 2/ rpä rpä rpä rpä rpä = ig;? 3/ rHo rHo rHo rHo rHo = trJ (tom;)?4/ ukr®mo ukr®mo ukr®mo ukr®mo ukr®mo = rka,mrkefY? 5/ owåK owåK owåK owåK owåK = rkefYvkH;? aygif;u abmZOfig;yg;wnf;/

(aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) xrif;ç om;ç ig;? rkefYESpfyg;? ig;yg;abmZOfwnf;/

ygwdarmufvm abmZOfrsm;

1/ tm0oxyd@abmZOf? 2/ *PabmZOf? 3/ y&rÜ& abmZOf?4/ yPDwabmZOf[k cGJjcm;rSwfom;oifhao;\/

1/ tm0oxyd@abmZOf

þrnfaom þrQaom yk*¾dKvf[lívnf;aumif;ç þrQaomabmZOf[lívnf;aumif; yk*¾dKvfabmZOf ESpfyg;udk r&nfpl; rykdif;jcm;bJZ&yfç r@yfç opfyif&if; ponfwkdYwGif trSwfr&Sd wpfckckaom t&yfüaumif;rIukd tvkd&Sdukefaom olwkdYonf c&D;oGm;ç *dvmeç ukd,f0ef-aqmifrdef;rç &[ef;wkdY\ tusKd;iSm 0wfwnfxm;tyfaom abmZOfukdtm0oxyd@abmZOf[k ac:onf/

2/ *PabmZOf

*kdPf;[lonf *POykof[l&müuJhokdY ESpfyg;ç okH;yg;r[kwf av;yg;rSpí txuf&maxmifpaom &[ef;rsm;ukd *kdPf;[kac:\/ xkd*kdPf;\Opömjzpfaom *PabmZOf[lonf 'g,umwkdYu rtyfaomenf;jzifh


zdwfrefyifhavQmufjcif;aMumifhjzpfapç &[ef;rsm;ukd,fwkdif 'um 'umr-wkdYxH awmif;jcif;aMumifhjzpfap &tyfaom abmZOfjzpfonf/

(aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) *P t&? av;yg;rS? tp xufukd,l/

rtyfaom yifhzdwfenf;

tyifhtzdwf ruRrf;usifaom 'umrkdufwpfa,mufonf &[ef;-trsm; wuGpka0;íjzpfapç wpfyg;pDjzpfap aeaom &[ef;av;yg;çig;yg;xH csOf;uyfí abmZOfig;yg;wkdY\ trnfukd,lum ]]Mo'aee]]Mo'aee]]Mo'aee]]Mo'aee]]Mo'aeeedraEÅrd? bawåe edraEÅrd}} edraEÅrd? bawåe edraEÅrd}} edraEÅrd? bawåe edraEÅrd}} edraEÅrd? bawåe edraEÅrd}} edraEÅrd? bawåe edraEÅrd}} þokdY ponfjzifhjzpfap? Mo'eo'´gMo'eo'´gMo'eo'´gMo'eo'´gMo'eo'´gbwåo'gbwåo'gbwåo'gbwåo'gbwåo'gwkdY\ teufjzpfaom xrif;ukd tvSLcHygukef[k xrif;trnf-jzifhjzpfap zdwfjcif;rsKd;ukd rtyfaom zdwfjcif;[k qkdonf/ þenf;twkdif;]owåKç ukr®moç rpäç rHo}[k qkdtyfaom ygVdbmomjzifh jzpfap? ]rkefYvkH;çrka,mç ig;[if;ç trJom;[if; bkOf;ay;<uyg}[k jrefrmbmomjzifh jzpfapyifhzdwfjcif;rsKd;ukd rtyfaom yifhzdwfjcif;[k qdkonf/

rtyfaom awmif;enf;

&[ef;av;yg;ç ig;yg;ponfwkdYonf twlwuGjzpfapç toD;oD;jzpfap aeí 'um 'umrukd jrifaomf ]]trSmuH bwåH a'[d - ]]trSmuH bwåH a'[d - ]]trSmuH bwåH a'[d - ]]trSmuH bwåH a'[d - ]]trSmuH bwåH a'[d - igwkdYtm;xrif;vSLMuyg/}} þokdY ponfjzifh awmif;jcif;ukd rtyfaom awmif;-jcif;[k qkdonf/ þenf;twkdif; ]owåKç ukr®moç rpäç rHo}[k qkdumygVdbmomjzifhjzpfap? rkefYvkH;vSLygç rka,mrkefYvSLygç trJom;[if;vSLyg[kjrefrmbmomjzifh jzpfap awmif;jcif;rsKd;ukd rtyfaom awmif;jcif;rsKd;[k-qkdonf/

tmywfoifhç roifh tqkH;tjzwf

*PabmZOfjzifh yifhzdwf&mç awmif;&mokdY &[ef;av;yg;ç ig;yg;ponf wpfaygif;wnf;jzpfap? wpfyg;pDç ESpfyg;pDç oHk;yg;pDjzpfap oGm;í


pm;aomtcgvnf; wpfaygif;wnf;jzpfap? toD;toD; wpfjcm;pDjzpfap?pm;jcif;onf yrmPr[kwf tmywfroifhao;? wpfq,fhESpfawmifOypmtwGif;üwnfí twlwuG cH,ljcif;onfom yrmPvkd&if;-jzpfonf/ *PabmZOfjzpfí tmywfoifhonf/

(aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) oGm;pm;rvkd? cHonfukd? qkdvkd yrmP?

tyfaom yifhzdwfenf;

tyifhtzdwfuRrf;usifaom 'umonf }bdu©H bkÍÆx? yd@ygwH}bdu©H bkÍÆx? yd@ygwH}bdu©H bkÍÆx? yd@ygwH}bdu©H bkÍÆx? yd@ygwH}bdu©H bkÍÆx? yd@ygwHbkÍÆx}-bkÍÆx}-bkÍÆx}-bkÍÆx}-bkÍÆx}-[k ygVdbmomjzifhjzpfapç qGrf;bkOf;ay;<uyg[k jrefrmokH;jzifhjzpfap yifhzdwfjcif;rsKd;um; tyfaom yifhzdwfjcif;rsKd; jzpfonf/ *Pabm-ZOf rjzpf? rkefY[if;cg;qGrf;ç rkefYwDqGrf;ç MumZHBuD;qGrf;ç acgufqGJqGrf;ponfjzifh qGrf;[laomtrnf aemufu wyfí zdwfvQifvnf; tyf-aom zdwfjcif;rsKd;yif jzpfonf/ ig;qGrf;ç trJqGrf; ponfüvnf; enf;wltyfonf[kod? qGrf;[laom pum;vkH; xnfhoGif;yifhzdwf&rnf jzpfonf/

t&Sifbk&m;rsm; ig;aMumfbkOf;ay;<uyg? igwkdYtm; ig;aMumfvSLyg?ig;ajcmufvSLyg? rkefY[if;cg;pm;<uyg/ rkefYwDpm;<uyg? rkefYbkOf;ay;<uyg?acgufqGJpm;<uyg ponfjzifh qGrf;[laom pum;vkH; rygbJ zdwfjcif;rsKd;ukdrtyf[k ,lMuonf/

3/ y&rÜ&abmZOf

*PabmZOfü jycJhonfhtwkdif; rtyfaom zdwfenf;jzifh zdwfref-xm;aom abmZOf&SdvQif (zdwfolwpfOD;wnf;jzpfu tjcm;enf;tm;jzifh&aom qGrf;ukd rpm;ao;bJ) xkdol\ abmZOfukdom yxrqkH; pm;&-rnf/ pm;[l&müvnf; wpfvkwfavmuf pm;rdvQif pm;jcif;jzpfawmh\/

rtyfaom enf;jzifh ESpfOD;okH;OD;ponf zdwfxm;vQifvnf; tpOf-twkdif; pm;&rnf/ *dvmeor, paomtcg &olvnf; r[kwf? 0duyÜ-


emvnf; rjyKbJ a&SUzdwfxm;ol\ abmZOfukd aemufrS pm;? aemufzdwfol\ abmZOfudk tvsifpm;vQif tmywfoifh\/ y&rÜ&abmZOf jzpf-onf/

0duyÜemjyKykH

'kwd,'um\ abmZOfukd pm;vkdaomf yxryifhzdwfaom 'um\abmZOfudk rpm;cif yxrabmZOfukd teD;tyg;&Sd rdrdESpfouf&m oDwif;okH;azmfig;OD;wkdYwGif wpfOD;OD;tm; ]]r,SH bwåypömoH wk,SH 'r®d}}]]r,SH bwåypömoH wk,SH 'r®d}}]]r,SH bwåypömoH wk,SH 'r®d}}]]r,SH bwåypömoH wk,SH 'r®d}}]]r,SH bwåypömoH wk,SH 'r®d}}[k qkdíay;&rnf/ rdrday;vkdolu ta0;rSm&SdvQif ]]r,SH bwåypömoH £w¬Eém-]]r,SH bwåypömoH £w¬Eém-]]r,SH bwåypömoH £w¬Eém-]]r,SH bwåypömoH £w¬Eém-]]r,SH bwåypömoH £w¬Eém-róróróróró (þrnfaomoltm;) 'r®d}}'r®d}}'r®d}}'r®d}}'r®d}}[k rdrdbmomqkdí ay;yg? jrefrmvkdqkdívnf; ay;Ekdif\/ þokdY 0duyÜemjyKvkdufvQif 'kwd,abmZOfukdpm;aumif;\/ wwd,abmZOfukd tvsifpm;vkd&müvnf; þenf;twkdif; yxrç 'kwd,abmZOfrsm;ukd 0duyÜemjyKí pm;Ekdif\/

4/ yPDwabmZOf

axmywfponfESifY a&mtyfaom axmywfxrif;ç qDOD;xrif;çEGm;EkdYxrif; ponfrsm;ukd yPDwabmZOf[k ac:onf/

axmywfç qDOD;ç qDç ysm;&nfç wifvJç ig;ç tom;ç EkdY&nfç EkdY"rf;rGefjrwfaom þukd;yg;wdkYESifh a&maESmaom pyg;rsKd; (7)yg;rS jzpfukefaomabmZOfonf yPDwabmZOf rnf\/ axmywfpaom ukd;yg;ukdyPDw[kvnf;aumif;? axmywfponfwkdYESifh a&mtyfaom xrif;ukdyPDwabmZOf[kvnf;aumif; cGJjcm;rSwfom;yg/

(aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) axmywf p a&m? ig;yg; abm? rSwfavm yPDwabmZOfwnf;/

*dvme rusef;rmoljzpfvQif xkdyPDwabmZOfrsm;ukd a&m*gESifhoifhawmfí "mwfpmusvwfaomf Ówdy0g&dw r[kwfolxHyif awmif;-pm;aumif;onf tmywfroifh[k odyg/


tmywfESifh odu©myk'f

oufoufaom axmywfpaom a&SUig;yg;wkdYukd aq;tusKd;iSmtvkd&Sdí 'g,umu owfrSwfxm;aom &ufç vç ESpftykdif;tjcm;owfrSwfxm;aom aq;xuf ykdí awmif;pm;tHh? tapvu0*f r[m-emrodu©myk'fjzifh ygpdwf? ig; paom aemufav;yg;wkdYukd remrzsm;bJawmif;pm;tHh? aocd, olayg'e0dnwåd odu©myk'fjzifh 'kuú#f? axmywfponfESifha&maom yPDwabmZOfukd remrzsm;bJ awmif;pm;tHh?þyPDwabmZeodu©myk'fjzifh ygpdwftmywfoifh\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) axmywfpom;? aq;usKd;tm;? awmif;pm; r[memrf/

rpäm'Ded? pwåm&d? awmif;bd olayg'gef/

yPDw abmZef? awmif;pm;jyef? oifh&ef þodu©H/

umvdu av;yg;

umav umav umav umav umav = owfrSwftyfaom tcgü/ bkÍÆdwAÁmed bkÍÆdwAÁmed bkÍÆdwAÁmed bkÍÆdwAÁmed bkÍÆdwAÁmed = pm;xkdufukef-\-t& ykdif;jcm;tyfaom olUumvtwGif;ü pm;xkdufaom tpmrsm;ukdumvdu[k ac:\/ xkdumvduum; ,m0umvduç ,mrumvduçowåm[umvduç ,m0ZD0dutm;jzifh av;rsKd;&Sd\/

,m0umvdu

,m0umvH =,m0umvH =,m0umvH =,m0umvH =,m0umvH = rGef;wnfhumvwkdifatmif/ bkÍÆdwAÁH =bkÍÆdwAÁH =bkÍÆdwAÁH =bkÍÆdwAÁH =bkÍÆdwAÁH = pm;aumif;\t& t½kPfwufNyD;onfrS pí rGef;wnfhwkdifatmif pm;aomufaumif;-aom abmZOfig;yg;ESifh cJzG,fq,fhESpfyg; EGm;EkdYpaom aomufzG,f-rsm;onf ,m0umvursm; jzpfMuonf/

yd|H rlvH zvH cZÆH? a*g&aom "nabmZeH/yd|H rlvH zvH cZÆH? a*g&aom "nabmZeH/yd|H rlvH zvH cZÆH? a*g&aom "nabmZeH/yd|H rlvH zvH cZÆH? a*g&aom "nabmZeH/yd|H rlvH zvH cZÆH? a*g&aom "nabmZeH/,m*kolyyÜblwa,m? a[maEÅaw ,m0umvdum/,m*kolyyÜblwa,m? a[maEÅaw ,m0umvdum/,m*kolyyÜblwa,m? a[maEÅaw ,m0umvdum/,m*kolyyÜblwa,m? a[maEÅaw ,m0umvdum/,m*kolyyÜblwa,m? a[maEÅaw ,m0umvdum/


yd|H yd|H yd|H yd|H yd|H = trIefYcJzG,fvnf;aumif;/ rlvH rlvH rlvH rlvH rlvH = tjrpfcJzG,fvnf;aumif;/zvH zvH zvH zvH zvH = toD;cJzG,fvnf;aumif;/ cZÆH cZÆH cZÆH cZÆH cZÆH = rkefYcJzG,fvnf;aumif;/ a*g&aoma*g&aoma*g&aoma*g&aoma*g&aom===== EkdY&nfç EkdY"rf;ç &ufwuf[laom EGm;rrSjzpfaom t&om okH;yg;-vnf;aumif;/ "nabmZeH = "nabmZeH = "nabmZeH = "nabmZeH = "nabmZeH = pyg;rsKd;rSjzpfaom abmZOfoHk;yg; vnf;-aumif;/ ,m*kolyyÜblwa,m =,m*kolyyÜblwa,m =,m*kolyyÜblwa,m =,m*kolyyÜblwa,m =,m*kolyyÜblwa,m = ,m*kç [if;&nfpaom aomufzG,fukd-vnf;aumif;/ £wd = £wd = £wd = £wd = £wd = þokdY/ {aw ={aw ={aw ={aw ={aw = þtm[m&wkdYonf/ ,m0-,m0-,m0-,m0-,m0-umvdum = umvdum = umvdum = umvdum = umvdum = ,m0umvduwkdYwnf;/

,m0umvdu toD;BuD;ukd;vkH;

1/ xef;oD;? 2/ tkef;oD;? 3/ tdrfydEéJoD;? 4/ awmifydEéJoD;? 5/ocGm;iqpfoD;? 6/ ocGm;ijyKyfoD;? 7/ ocGm;iaMumifoD;? 8/ Al;oD;?9/ z½kHoD;?

(aqmif) xef;tkef; ESpfuGJ? ydEéJ ESpfpkH? Al; z½kH? rSwfwkH okH;ocGm;/

xkdYjyif toD;cJzG,fü o&ufoD;ç oajyoD;ç a0S;oD;ç refusnf;oD;ça&SmufoD; (a&SmufBuD; oHy½kdoD;)ç oD;oD;ç wnfoD; ponfjzifh azmfjy-xm;onf/

a&SmufESifh oHyk&m

a&SmufoD;ukd [if;vsmtjzpfç "mwfpmtjzpf vufokwfvkyfpm;Mu\/ oHyk&moD;ukd [if;vsmç vufokwf rvkyfMu? xkdYaMumifh a&SmufoD;-onf ,m0umvdu? oHyk&moD;um; ,m0ZD0du[k owfrSwfMuonf/

,m0umvdurSm abmZOfig;yg;ç cJzG,f wpfq,fhESpfyg;ç pyg;rsKd;ckepf-yg;ç yJtrsKd;rsKd;ç a*g&ookH;yg;wkdY jzpfonf/ tcsKyfrSwfzG,f vu©PmrSmxrif;tjzpf [if;ç [if;vsmç vufokwftjzpfjzifh pm;avh&Sdaom tpm;-tpm? cJzG,fç vsufzG,fç aomufzG,frsm;ukd ,m0umvdu[k rSwfyg/

(aqmif) abmZOf cJzG,f? toG,foG,f? tus,f rsm;vSpGm/t&yfwkdif;rSm? tm[m&udpö? pm;½kd;us? ,m0umvdum/


,mrumvdu

,mrumvH ,mrumvH ,mrumvH ,mrumvH ,mrumvH = aemufqkH; nOfh,Hwkdifatmif/ y&dbkÍÆdwAÁH y&dbkÍÆdwAÁH y&dbkÍÆdwAÁH y&dbkÍÆdwAÁH y&dbkÍÆdwAÁH = pm;-aumif;\-t& rGef;wnfhNyD;aemuf t½kPfrwufrD rkd;aomuf,Hwkdif-atmif aomufxkdufaom tazsmf&nfrsm;onf ,mrumvduwkdYwnf;/

tazsmf&nfvkyf&ef toD;&SpfrsKd;

1/ oajyoD;? 2/ o&ufoD;? 3/ rk'&ufoD;? 4/ zufoufoD;? 5/opfrnfpnfoD;? 6/ awmiSufaysmoD;? 7/ tdrfiSufaysmoD;? 8/ MumpG,f[k&SpfrsKd; usrf;*efü vm\/

rk'&ufoD;[lonf oyspfoD;wnf;? atmufjrefrmjynf tcsKdUt&yfü&Sdaom jr&moD;ukdyif &ckdife,fü zufoufoD;ac:owJh? ykHoP²mefrSmtxufjrefrmjynfawmxJü aygufaeaom ]aygifyJhoD;}ESifh wlowwf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) oajy o&uf? rk'&uf? zufouf opfrnfpnf/awmçtdrfiSufaysm? MumpG,faESm? rSwfavm &Spfazsmf&nf/

tEkavmrazsmf&nfrsm;

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) oD;oD; cHoD;? BudK;BudrfoD;? refusnf; a&SmufwvD/tEkavmr? usrf;üjy? rSwfMu rsKd;azsmf&nf/

87/87/87/87/87/ omEkavmrmed "nmed? XaywGm zvaZm &aom?omEkavmrmed "nmed? XaywGm zvaZm &aom?omEkavmrmed "nmed? XaywGm zvaZm &aom?omEkavmrmed "nmed? XaywGm zvaZm &aom?omEkavmrmed "nmed? XaywGm zvaZm &aom?r"kuykyærnMw? oaAÁm ykyæ&aomyd p/r"kuykyærnMw? oaAÁm ykyæ&aomyd p/r"kuykyærnMw? oaAÁm ykyæ&aomyd p/r"kuykyærnMw? oaAÁm ykyæ&aomyd p/r"kuykyærnMw? oaAÁm ykyæ&aomyd p/

88/88/88/88/88/ oAÁywå&aom ap0? XaywGm yuú!muZH/oAÁywå&aom ap0? XaywGm yuú!muZH/oAÁywå&aom ap0? XaywGm yuú!muZH/oAÁywå&aom ap0? XaywGm yuú!muZH/oAÁywå&aom ap0? XaywGm yuú!muZH/oDawm'r'dawm'dpöygaum 0g ,mrumvdaum/

omEkavmrmed omEkavmrmed omEkavmrmed omEkavmrmed omEkavmrmed = pyg;tm;avsmfaom oD;BuD;udk;vkH;ç yJwdkYESifhwuGjzpfukefaom/ "nmed "nmed "nmed "nmed "nmed = pyg;oD;wkdYukd/ XaywGm XaywGm XaywGm XaywGm XaywGm = csefxm;í/ zvaZmzvaZmzvaZmzvaZmzvaZm= toD;rSjzpfaom/ &aom &aom &aom &aom &aom = t&nfonfvnf;aumif;/ (,mrumvd-


aumü pyf) r"kuykyæH r"kuykyæH r"kuykyæH r"kuykyæH r"kuykyæH = opfrnfpnfyGifhukd/ tnMwtnMwtnMwtnMwtnMw = MuOfí/ oaAÁmoaAÁmoaAÁmoaAÁmoaAÁm= tvkH;pkHaom/ ykyæ&aomyd ykyæ&aomyd ykyæ&aomyd ykyæ&aomyd ykyæ&aomyd = tyGifh&nfonfvnf;aumif;/ yuú!muZHyuú!muZHyuú!muZHyuú!muZHyuú!muZH= usufaom [if;&GufrSjzpfaom [if;&nfukd/ (0g) [if;&GufjyKwf&nfukd/XaywGm XaywGm XaywGm XaywGm XaywGm = csefxm;í/ oAÁywå&aom ap0oAÁywå&aom ap0oAÁywå&aom ap0oAÁywå&aom ap0oAÁywå&aom ap0 = tvkH;pkHt&Guf&nf-onfvnf;aumif;/ oDawm'r'dawmoDawm'r'dawmoDawm'r'dawmoDawm'r'dawmoDawm'r'dawm = a&at;ü e,ftyfç azsmftyf-onf/ ormaem 0g ormaem 0g ormaem 0g ormaem 0g ormaem 0g = jzpfaomfvnf;aumif;/ tm'dpöygaumtm'dpöygaumtm'dpöygaumtm'dpöygaumtm'dpöygaum = aeylüusufjcif;&Sdonf/ ormaem 0g ormaem 0g ormaem 0g ormaem 0g ormaem 0g = jzpfaomfvnf;aumif;/,mrum-,mrum-,mrum-,mrum-,mrum-vdaum vdaum vdaum vdaum vdaum = ,mrumvduwnf;? (0g) aemufqkH;nOfh,Humv[laomokH;aqmif&m umv&Sdaom aomufzG,fwnf;/ (0d?3?344/ 0d?|?3?383/)

jyqkdcJhNyD;aom toD;BuD;ukd;vkH;? tvkH;pkHaom yJrsKd;ç pyg;rsKd;ckepfyg;?Budwfpyg;tp&Sdaom tEkavmrpyg;rsKd;? þav;rsKd;ESifh opfrnfpnfyGifht&nfç [if;&Gufusuf&nfrSeforQudk aevGJaomtcg aomufrsKd&efazsmf&nfjyKvkyfrIü a&SmifMuOftyfukef\/ <uif;aom toD;ç tyGifhçt&GufrSeforQonf tazsmf&nf jyKvkyfaumif;\/ ,if;wkdYESifh jyKvkyf-xm;aom tazsmf&nfrsm;onf tyfaomtazsmf&nfrsm; jzpf\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) oD;BuD; ukd;yg;? yJrsKd;rsm;? pyg; ckepfrnf/tavsmf pyg;? av;rsKd;tm;? a&Smif&Sm; tazsmf&nf/

(0denf;Oya'?261/)

tazsmf&nf jyKvkyf&mü owd&Sd&ef

tazsmf&nfvkyf&mü a&pdrf;jzifh jyKvkyf&rnf? aeylvSef;íaomfvnf;jyKvkyfEkdif\/ refusnf;ç a&Smufç vdar®mfponfrsm;ukd rD;jzifhcsufívkyfxm;vQif trIefrygaomfvnf; ,mrumvdu r[kwf? ,m0um-vduom jzpf\/ okdYjzpfí ,cktcg rD;jzifhcsufí Mum&SnfcHatmifjyKvkyfxm;aom EkdifiHjcm;jzpf refusnf;ç ZD;ç vdar®mfazsmf&nfç bdvyf&nfponfrsm;onf ,mrumvdu r[kwfí tyfaomazsmf&nf r[kwf[krSwfyg/


azsmf&nftuyfcH owdjyK&ef

ref;usnf;azsmf&nfponfü toD;rsm;ukd rGef;vGJvQif tuyfrcH-aumif;awmhNyD? okdYjzpfí &[ef;awmfwkdY azsmf&nfaomufvkdonfhtcgrefusnf;oD;ponfukd ukd,fwkdif tuyfcHí rpdrfaumif;ç ppfvnf; rppf-aumif;? olwkdYbmom tzwftrIef rygatmif ppfNyD;aom azsmf&nfomrGef;vGJtcgü tuyfcHí okH;aqmifaumif;aom ,mrumvdu jzpfonf/xkdYaMumifh tazsmf&nfrsm; uyfvmaomtcg tzwftrIef ygçryg tuyf-rcHrD Munfh½Ií tuyfcHoifhonf/

tazsmf&nfaomufcGifh&aom taMumif;

xkdokdYppfNyD;aom tazsmf&nfukdom eHeufrGef;rvGJrDuwnf;utuyfcHxm;apumrl xkdaeYtzkdYü aemufqkH;nOfh\ t½kPfrwufrD-wkdifatmif aomufaumif;\/ okdYaomf aevGJtcgjzpfrl taMumif;rJh-oufouf rqmbJ raomufaumif; ]ydygo}]ydygo}]ydygo}]ydygo}]ydygo} ac: rGwfodyfqmavmif-aerSom tqmajyatmif aomufaumif;onf/ ]]tazsmf&nfukdaomuf&mü rGwfodyfqmavmifjcif;[laom ydygoonfyif aomuf-aumif;jcif;\ taMumif;jzpfonf}}[k qkdvkdonf/

vufzuf&nfMurf;

vufzuf&Guf[laom ywå (= t&Guf)onf vufzufokyf cg'eD,-tjzpfjzifh pm;avh&Sdaom ,m0umvdut&Gufwnf;/ tajcmuf vSef;-aomfvnf; a&aEG;ESifh azsmfvdkufaomtcg vufzufpkdESifh rxl;NyD?xkdkYaMumifh oDawm'r'dw oDawm'r'dw oDawm'r'dw oDawm'r'dw oDawm'r'dw = a&jzifh e,fonfvnf; r[kwf/ tm'dpöygutm'dpöygutm'dpöygutm'dpöygutm'dpöygu= aejzifh csufonfvnf; r[kwf/ rD;jzifh usKdcsuftyfaom vufzuf&nf-ukd ygeutjzpfjzifh rtyf[lí rSwfyg/ (ck'´odu©mbmom#Dum?139/)


owåm[umvdu0w¬K

tuyfcH&maeY t½kPfwufrS ckepf&ufwkdifatmif okdrSD;xm;íbkOf;ay;aumif;aom axmywfç qDOD;ç qDç ysm;&nfç wifvJç (oMum;çxef;vsuf) ESifh (axmywfç qDç wifvJç ysm;&nf þav;rsKd; a&mxm;-aom) pwkr"lpaom aq;rsKd;onf owåm[umvdu 0w¬KrsKd;wnf;/

100/ owåm[umvdau owå? t[med twdemrdaw/owåm[umvdau owå? t[med twdemrdaw/owåm[umvdau owå? t[med twdemrdaw/owåm[umvdau owå? t[med twdemrdaw/owåm[umvdau owå? t[med twdemrdaw/ygpdwåd ygVdem½kaV§? oyÜdtm'drSd 'kuú#H/ygpdwåd ygVdem½kaV§? oyÜdtm'drSd 'kuú#H/ygpdwåd ygVdem½kaV§? oyÜdtm'drSd 'kuú#H/ygpdwåd ygVdem½kaV§? oyÜdtm'drSd 'kuú#H/ygpdwåd ygVdem½kaV§? oyÜdtm'drSd 'kuú#H/

owåm[umvdauowåm[umvdauowåm[umvdauowåm[umvdauowåm[umvdau = axmywftp&Sdaom owåm[umvduwkdY-ukd/ owåt[medowåt[medowåt[medowåt[medowåt[med = (7)&ufwkdYukd/ twdemrdaw twdemrdaw twdemrdaw twdemrdaw twdemrdaw = vGefaptyfNyD;aomf/ygpdwådygpdwådygpdwådygpdwådygpdwåd = ygpdwftmywfonf/ (a[mwd = jzpf\/) ygVdem½kaV§ ygVdem½kaV§ ygVdem½kaV§ ygVdem½kaV§ ygVdem½kaV§ =ygVdawmfü roufa&mufaom/ (0g) ygVdawmfü rygaom/ oyÜdtm'drSdoyÜdtm'drSdoyÜdtm'drSdoyÜdtm'drSdoyÜdtm'drSd= vl jrif; ponfwkdY\ EkdY&nfrSjzpfaom axmywf tp&Sdonfukd/ owåowåowåowåowåt[med t[med t[med t[med t[med = ckepf&ufwkdYudk/ twdemrdaw twdemrdaw twdemrdaw twdemrdaw twdemrdaw = vGefaptyfNyD;aomf/ 'kuú#H'kuú#H'kuú#H'kuú#H'kuú#H= 'kuú#f tmywfonf/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/ (0d?1?163/ 0d?|?2?290/ ucFg?182??)

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) aboZÆodu©myk'fü ]]a,oH rHoH uyÜwd? awoH oyÜd}}]]a,oH rHoH uyÜwd? awoH oyÜd}}]]a,oH rHoH uyÜwd? awoH oyÜd}}]]a,oH rHoH uyÜwd? awoH oyÜd}}]]a,oH rHoH uyÜwd? awoH oyÜd}}[ktyfaom tom;&Sdaom owå0gwkdY\ axmywfponf-ukdom ygVdawmfü wifawmfrlaomaMumifh rtyfaomtom;&Sdaom vl jrif; paom owå0gwkdY\ oyÜdç e0eDwçemVdau&awv (tkef;qD) r"kuzmedw = (opfrnfpnfukda&at;jzifh e,fí jyKtyfaom opfrnfpnf wifvJ)wkdY-onf ygVdtem½kV§aq;wkdYwnf;/ ygVdawmfü rwiftyf-aomfvnf; pm;aumif;aom owåm[umvduaq;rsm;jzpf&um; tuyfcHí (7)&uf vGefvQif 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/


pGefYNyD;í jyef&aomtcg tokH;jyKykHESifh tmywfroifhapykH

101/ edó|v'¨H rau©,s? em*ø emaZÑm[a& p/edó|v'¨H rau©,s? em*ø emaZÑm[a& p/edó|v'¨H rau©,s? em*ø emaZÑm[a& p/edó|v'¨H rau©,s? em*ø emaZÑm[a& p/edó|v'¨H rau©,s? em*ø emaZÑm[a& p/0duayÜaEÅó owåma[? omraP&ó"d|awm/0duayÜaEÅó owåma[? omraP&ó"d|awm/0duayÜaEÅó owåma[? omraP&ó"d|awm/0duayÜaEÅó owåma[? omraP&ó"d|awm/0duayÜaEÅó owåma[? omraP&ó"d|awm/ru©em'dÍöemywåd? tnó ''awmyd p/ru©em'dÍöemywåd? tnó ''awmyd p/ru©em'dÍöemywåd? tnó ''awmyd p/ru©em'dÍöemywåd? tnó ''awmyd p/ru©em'dÍöemywåd? tnó ''awmyd p/


edó|v'¨H edó|v'¨H edó|v'¨H edó|v'¨H edó|v'¨H = pGefYtyfNyD;jzpfí jyef&tyfaom axmywfponfukd/(*a[wGm*a[wGm*a[wGm*a[wGm*a[wGm = ,lí?) t*ø t*ø t*ø t*ø t*ø = ukd,ft*Fgukd/ e rau©,s e rau©,s e rau©,s e rau©,s e rau©,s = rokwfvdrf;&m/e p taZÑm[a&,s e p taZÑm[a&,s e p taZÑm[a&,s e p taZÑm[a&,s e p taZÑm[a&,s = pm;rsKdvnf; rpm;rsKd&m/ owåma[ owåma[ owåma[ owåma[ owåma[ = (7)&uftwGif;ü/ (0g) ckepf&uf rvGefrD/ omraP&ó omraP&ó omraP&ó omraP&ó omraP&ó =omraPtm;/0duayÜEÅó 0duayÜEÅó 0duayÜEÅó 0duayÜEÅó 0duayÜEÅó = 0duyÜemjyKaom &[ef;\vnf;aumif;/ ru©em'ð ru©em'ð ru©em'ð ru©em'ð ru©em'ð = ukd,f-t*Fgukd okwfvdrf;aMumif; qDtp&Sdonfukd/ t"d|awm p t"d|awm p t"d|awm p t"d|awm p t"d|awm p = t"d|mef-aom &[ef;\vnf;aumif;/ tnó tnó tnó tnó tnó = tjcm;aom &[ef; omraPvl0wfaMumiftm;/ ''awmyd p ''awmyd p ''awmyd p ''awmyd p ''awmyd p = ay;aom &[ef;tm;vnf;aumif;/temywåd temywåd temywåd temywåd temywåd = temywfonf? (0g) tmywfroifhonf/ a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd a[mwd = jzpf\/

0duyÜemjyKykH

]]£rH oyÜð wk,SH 0duayÜrd ]]£rH oyÜð wk,SH 0duayÜrd ]]£rH oyÜð wk,SH 0duayÜrd ]]£rH oyÜð wk,SH 0duayÜrd ]]£rH oyÜð wk,SH 0duayÜrd = þaxmywfukd oifhtm; 0duyÜemjyKyg\}}[k qkdí omraPtm; 0duyÜemjyK&rnf/

xkdokdY 0duyÜemjyK&mü tjcm;&[ef;tm; 0duyÜemjyKvQif &[ef;-tcsif;csif;jzpfí tuyfrysuf&maomaMumifh omraPtm; 0duyÜemjyKrS ay;&ma&mufonfhtwGuf tuyfysuf&maomaMumifh omraPtm;0duyÜemjyKaom &[ef;rSm axmywf ponfwkdYonf ckepf&uf vGefaomf-vnf; edó*¾drxkduf tmywfroifh[k qkdonf/ (7) &ufrvGefrD t"d|mef&\/

axmywfukd e,fqDç ysm;&nfukd temokwfvdrf;p&mç wifvJukdausmif;ü tckd;xkHzkdY&ef t"d|mefaom &[ef;tm; tmywfroifh/


t"d|mefykH

þaxmywfpaom aq;onf ukd,fwGif;okdY pm;rsKd&ef r[kwfawmh/ukd,f\ tjyifbufponfü okH;zkdY&m jzpfonf[k pdwfjzifh t"d|mef&rnf/EIwfjzifhvnf; &Gwfqkdí t"d|mefEkdifonf/

(aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) axmç qDç qDysm;? wifvJtm;? ig;yg; owå[m/

MuH&nf wifvJ&nf oumcJ oMum;cJ ponf

tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 Opäk K&oH/ tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 *dvmeó*kVH t*dvmeó *kaVm'uH/

]]&[ef;wkdY ..MuH\t&omukd cGifhjyKawmfrl\? &[ef;wkdY rusef;rm-oltm; wifvJcJukdç usef;rmoltm; wifvJt&nfukd cGifhjyKawmfrl\}}qkdonfESifhtnD tuyfcHí xkdaeYrGef;vGJaomtcgrS pí MuH&nfç wifvJ-&nfç oMum;cJç oumcJç xef;vsuf&nfç xef;vsufcJç xef;vsufç wifvJçxef;vsufç oumç ponfwkdYonf *dvmeyk*¾dKvftm; a&ra&mbJyiftyfukef\/ usef;rmolwkdYtm; a&ESifha&mí tazsmfudpöü okH;aqmif-tyf\? axmywfç ysm;&nfç qDwkdYüvnf; xkdYtwl a&a&mí azsmf&nf-vkyfrS tyfonf[k od/

(aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) MuH&nfürl? a&pif ul? rmol tyfonfom/

,if;okdYqkdaomf rD;ESifhcsufxm;aom tcsKd&nfç bdvyf&nf ponf-wkdYü a&tenf;i,fa&maomufvQif tyfzG,f&Sdonf/

a&cJxnfhaom MuH&nf

MuH&nfudk a&ra&mbJ a&cJa&mí aomufjcif;onf MuH&nf\t&omukd rysufjy,fapbJ ykdí t&om&Sdatmif jyKonfrnf&um;MuH&nfü a&cJukdvnf; xnfhí yuwda&ukdvnf; tenf;i,fa&míaomuftyfayonf/ (0denf;Oya'?263/)


edó*¾dygpdwfç ok'¨ygpdwf

axmywfponfukd tuyfcHNyD;í tuyfESifhwuG rdrdOpömtjzpfjzifhxm;&m (7)&ufvGefcJhvQif xkd0w¬Kvnf; edó*¾djzpf\/ rpm;onfjzpfapvGefvQifyif tmywfoifh\/ oEéd"dum&u ok'¨ygpdwftmywfvnf;oifh\/ (7)&uf rvGefrD vlç omraPwkdYtm; pGefY? omraPtm;0duyÜemaomfvnf;jyK t"d|mefrIaomfvnf; jyK&m\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) tuyfESifhwuG? olUumv? vGefu oEéd"m/

jyefíokH;pGJcGifh r&aom edó*¾dypönf;rsm;

edó*¾dygpdwfESifhpyfí 0denf;uHjzifh pGefYNyD;aomtcg edó*¾djzpfaomxkdypönf;ukd um,uH&Sif tmywfusL;vGefolwkdY okH;pGJcGifh &ç r&ESifh pyfíodu©myk'ftvkduf cGJjcm;rSwfom;oifhonf/

a&Tç aiGç '*Fg;ç ykdufqHç aiGpuúL edó*¾dxkdufí 0denf;uHjzifh pGefYNyD;-aomfvnf; tmywfusL;vGefol (0g)tvSLcHol ykdif&Sif&[ef;onf vkH;0okH;pGJcGifhr& tNyD;tykdifpGefY&onf/

tjcm;enf; okH;pGJcGifh&aom ypönf;rsm;

{Vuavmr0*fvm--- 1/ ykd;csnfa&maESm jyKaomtcif;? 2/ trnf;oufouf okd;arG;tcif;? 3/ tjzLç tndKç ta&Tta&mif&Sd okd;arG;ESifhtrnf;a&mifESpfq ykdjyKaomtcif; xkdtcif;okH;rsKd;wkdY 0denf;uHjzifh pGefYNyD;jyef&aomtcg cif;xkdifç cif;tdyf rjyK&? wjcm;aom Adwmefç rsufESm-Muufç uefYvefYumç bkHvQKdç acgif;tkH;ponf tokH;jyKaumif;onf/ODeyÍöAEe oydwfüvnf; ywåy&d,EÅ pGefYNyD;vQif t,kwfqkH;oydwfomokH;pGJcGifh&onf/ (oydwfcef;ü Munfhyg/)


tmvsjywfpGefYNyD;u jyefíokH;cGifh&aom ypönf;rsm;

axmywfç qDç wifvJç ysm;&nfpaom aq;ypönf;rsm; (7)&ufvGefí0denf;uHjzifh pGefYNyD; jyef&aomtcg pm;aomufjcif;? temvdrf;jcif;?okH;aqmifjcif; rjyK&? iJhuGufjcif;r&Sd tNyD;tykdif vlç omraPwkdYtm;pGefYNyD;í omraPwkdYu aemifwpfcsdef jyefuyfjyefvQif pm;aomufjcif;?okH;aqmifjcif;iSmvnf; tyfonf[l\/ (ygwdarmu©ar'deD?215/)

wjcm;cJzG,f abmZOfrsm;

wjcm;pm;aomufzG,f&m cJzG,fç abmZOf ,m0umvdu tpm;t-pmrsm;onf tuyfcHNyD;vQif rGef;rwnfhrDom pm;aomufbkOf;ay;aumif;onf/ rGef;vGJaomtcg bkOf;ay;vQif 0dumvabmZeok'ygpdwf?ukd,fwkdif okdrSD;odrf;qnf;xm;jyefvQif oEéd"dok'¨ygpdwf? ,mrumvdutazsmf&nfjzpfvQif aemufwpfaeY ra&mufrD t½kPfrwufrD vlçomraPwkdYtm; tNyD;tykdif tmvsjywf pGefYay;vkduf&onf/ aemuf-umvusrS omraPwkdYu jyifqifí uyfojzifh bkOf;ay;vQif tmywfroifh/ xkdYaMumifh wjcm;umvduwkdYukdvnf; owfrSwfxm;aom tcsdefrvGefrD vlç omraPwkdYtm; tNyD;tykdif pGefYvkduf&onf/ vlç omraP-wkdYu tvkdufodí jyefuyfvQif pm;aomuf bkOf;ay;aumif;onf[kodyg/

aboZÆodu©myk'fESifh pyfí odrSwfzG,frsm;

axmywf qDOD; qD ysm;&nf wifvJ þaq;ig;rsKd;wkdYudk tuyfcHNyD;-aemuf (7)&uftxdom odrf;qnf;í aq;tjzpfjzifh pm;aomufEkdif\/(7)&uf vGefvQifum; xkdaxmywf ponfwkdY edó*¾dxkduf\/ &[ef;rSmygpdwftmywfoifh\/

xkd oifhaom tmywfukd a'oemMum; ukpm;vkdvQif xkdaxmywfponfukd a&S;OD;pGm pGefYNyD;rS a'oemMum;&onf/ rpGefYbJ a'oemMum;-


vQifum; xkdtmywfrS rxEkdif/

xkdaxmywf ponfukd tuyfcHonfhtcg (7)&ufpmavmuf rSef;ítuyfcHxm;oifhonf/ (7)&ufwkdifatmif ukefykHr&vQif (7)&ufrvGefcif þaxmywfponf aq;wkdYukd ig rpm;awmhNyD? ajce,fqDçukd,fvdrf;qD ponf jyKvkyfí cE¨mukd,f\ tjyiftyüom okH;pGJawmh-rnf[k t"d|mef (pdwful;)vkduf&rnf/ xkdtjyiftyü okH;zkdYjzpfvQifum;(7)&ufvGefaomfvnf; tjypfr&Sd/

(7) &uftwGif; owfrSwfcsuf

axmywf paom aq;ig;yg;wkdYukd tuyfcHNyD; (7)&uftwGif;ompm;aumif;onf[k qkdaomfvnf; *dvme*dvme*dvme*dvme*dvme (= tema&m*g&Sdol)tm;omcGifhjyKjcif;aMumifh qmavmifjcif; rGwfodyfjcif; taMumif;&Sd½kHrQjzifh rpm;-aumif;onfukd owdjyKyg/ tm;enf;aoma&m*gç taoG;tom; ydef-ajcmufaoma&m*gç avema&m*gponf &SdolwkdYom xkda&m*gtwGufpm;aumif;onf/ qmavmifrGwfodyf½kH taMumif;jzifhum; ,mrumvdutazsmf&nf ponfukdom aomufaumif;onf/

a&m*g &Sdygu aq;ig;yg;ESifh pwkr"lukd eHeufcif; tuyfcHNyD;vQifþaeYtzkdY aevGJç rvGJ pm;aumif;onf/ okdYaomf reufjzefpaomaemufaeY (6-&uf)wkdYüum; eHeufcif; pm;vkdvQif ,aeY tuyfcHxm;-aom qGrf;ç cJzG,fç abmZOfrsm;ESifh a&maESmí rpm;&? xkdYjyif yg;pyfütmrdorsm; uyfNidaevQif xkdtmrdowkdYukd ajymifpifatmif aq;NyD;rSpm;&onf/ aq;pm;NyD;vQifvnf; yg;pyfukd ajymifpifatmif aq;NyD;rSwjcm; tmrdowkdYukd pm;aumif;onf/ a&S;a&S;aeYwkdYu tuyfcHxm;-aom ,m0ZD0duaq;wkdYukd pm;&müvnf; yg;pyfukd pifMu,fatmifaq;NyD;rSom pm;aumif;onf/ umvdu rwlvQifç uyfaomaeYvnf;rwlvQif a&maESmí rpm;aumif;onfukdvnf; owdjyKoifhonf/umvduav;yg;cGJykH aemufwGif jyqkdygrnf/


edó*¾dxkdufí pGefYjcif;

ckepf&uf vGefapaom &[ef;tm; edó*¾dygpdwftmywfoifh\ [l-onf (8)&ufajrmuf t½kPfwufvwfaomf pGefYjcif;0denf;uH&Sd\/ oHCmç*kdPf;ç yk*¾dKvf wpfrsKd;rsKd;xH pGefY&rnf/

oHCmtm; pGefYykHç *kdPf;tm; pGefYykHwkdYukd ouFef;pGefYenf; jyaomtcgazmfjyygrnf/ ,ck yk*¾dKvfxHpGefYykHukd jyqkdrnf jzpfygonf/ edó*¾dxkdufae-aom axmywfpaom aq;ypönf;ukd pGefYvkdvQif &[ef;yk*¾dKvf wpfyg;yg;a&SUü pGefY&rnf/

yk*¾dKvfxH pGefYykH

]]t&Sifbk&m; wynfhawmf\ þaq;onf ckepf&uf vGefonf jzpfí]]t&Sifbk&m; wynfhawmf\ þaq;onf ckepf&uf vGefonf jzpfí]]t&Sifbk&m; wynfhawmf\ þaq;onf ckepf&uf vGefonf jzpfí]]t&Sifbk&m; wynfhawmf\ þaq;onf ckepf&uf vGefonf jzpfí]]t&Sifbk&m; wynfhawmf\ þaq;onf ckepf&uf vGefonf jzpfípGefYxkdufaeygonfbk&m;? wynfhawmfonf þaq;ukd t&Sifbk&m;tm;pGefYxkdufaeygonfbk&m;? wynfhawmfonf þaq;ukd t&Sifbk&m;tm;pGefYxkdufaeygonfbk&m;? wynfhawmfonf þaq;ukd t&Sifbk&m;tm;pGefYxkdufaeygonfbk&m;? wynfhawmfonf þaq;ukd t&Sifbk&m;tm;pGefYxkdufaeygonfbk&m;? wynfhawmfonf þaq;ukd t&Sifbk&m;tm;pGefYyg\}}pGefYyg\}}pGefYyg\}}pGefYyg\}}pGefYyg\}}[k qkdí oDwif;okH;azmf wpfyg;yg;xH pGefY&rnf/ pGefYNyD;aemuftmywfukd &nf&G,fí a'oemMum;&rnf/ xkdpGefYNyD;aom aq;ukdoDwif;okH;azmf&[ef;u ]]t&Sifbk&m;tm; jyefay;yg\}}[k qkdí jyef-ay;&rnf/

(owd) (owd) (owd) (owd) (owd) ckepf&uf vGefí 0denf;uHjzifh pGefYNyD; jyef&aom axmywfçqDç ysm;&nf ponfukd temvdrf;jcif; pm;aomufokH;aqmifjcif; rjyKtyf?rjyKaumif;? okdY&mwGif iJhuGufjcif;r&Sd tmvsjywf vlç omraPwkdYtm;pGefYNyD;í jyef&aom axmywfç qDç ysm;&nf ponfukd okH;aqmifjcif;pm;aomufjcif;iSmvnf; tyfonf[k qkdygonf/

tEkyorÜEéó pawåe 0aEÅe rkawåe teayau©m 'wGm y#d-tEkyorÜEéó pawåe 0aEÅe rkawåe teayau©m 'wGm y#d-tEkyorÜEéó pawåe 0aEÅe rkawåe teayau©m 'wGm y#d-tEkyorÜEéó pawåe 0aEÅe rkawåe teayau©m 'wGm y#d-tEkyorÜEéó pawåe 0aEÅe rkawåe teayau©m 'wGm y#d-vbdwGm y&dbkÍÆwd/ (temywåd) vbdwGm y&dbkÍÆwd/ (temywåd) vbdwGm y&dbkÍÆwd/ (temywåd) vbdwGm y&dbkÍÆwd/ (temywåd) vbdwGm y&dbkÍÆwd/ (temywåd) (yg&mZduPfygVdawmf?364/)


A[kokwtjzpf rSwf&ef

zmPdwH emr zmPdwH emr zmPdwH emr zmPdwH emr zmPdwH emr OOOOOpppppäKäKä Kä Kä KrSm edAÁwåH -rSm edAÁwåH -rSm edAÁwåH -rSm edAÁwåH -rSm edAÁwåH - ygVdawmfESifhtnD ]]MuHrSjzpfaom 0w¬K-wnf;}}[k qkdonfhtm;avsmfpGm tzwfrygatmif ppfNyD;aomMuH&nfrSpí MuHxGufypönf;rSeforQ BudKcsufNyD;aom t&nfç tjypfç tcJ tm;vkH;-ukd ]]zmPdw}}]]zmPdw}}]]zmPdw}}]]zmPdw}}]]zmPdw}}[k qkdonf/ ,cktcg MuHrS wpfyg;aom tjcm;aom0w¬Krsm;rS xGufaom oMum;rsm;ç xef;&nfç oum&nfç xef;vsufçMuHoum ponfrsm;ukdvnf; zmPdwü oGif;,lMu\/ (a&S;acwfuxef;&nf tokH;r&Sdí usrf;*efwkdYü rygjcif; jzpfrnf/)

þjyqkdcJhNyD;aom pum;pOft& MuHr[kwfaom xef;&nfç xef;-vsuf&nfrsm;onfvnf;aumif;ç oMum;trsKd;rsKd;onfvnf;aumif;(,m0umvdutoD;rsm;ESifh pyg;ckepfrsKd;ç yJtrsKd;rsKd;wkdY\ t&nfukdr,l&?) oHyk&mç a&Smufpaom toD;t&nfwkdYESifh a&mpyfxm;aomazsmf&nfç vrepf&nf (bdvyf&nf) ponfwkdYonfvnf;aumif; owåm-[umvduwkdYwnf;/

xkdowåm[umvdu t&nfç tcJwkdYukd qmavmifrGwfodyf½kH ydygoydygoydygoydygoydygotaMumif;rQjzifh aevGJaomtcg raomufaumif;yg? tema&m*g&SdrSpm;aumif; aomufaumif;\/

aboZÆcE¨uü cGifhjyKcsuf

okdYaomf aboZÆcE¨uü ]]tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 *dvmeó *kVHç ]]tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 *dvmeó *kVHç ]]tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 *dvmeó *kVHç ]]tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 *dvmeó *kVHç ]]tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 *dvmeó *kVHçt*dvmeó *kaVm'uH}}t*dvmeó *kaVm'uH}}t*dvmeó *kaVm'uH}}t*dvmeó *kaVm'uH}}t*dvmeó *kaVm'uH}}[k *dvmetwGuf MuHoumç xef;vsufçoMum;tcJukdvnf;aumif;? *dvmer[kwfol vlaumif;rsm;twGufa&at;ESifh azsmfpyfxm;aom MuH&nfç xef;vsuf&nfç oMum;&nfçoumcJt&nfukdvnf;aumif; cGifhjyKawmfrl\[k rdefYqkdawmfrlaom-aMumifh *dvmer[kwfol usef;rmolwkdYtm;vnf; xkdtazsmf&nfrsm;ukdqmavmifrGwfodyfjcif; ydygoydygoydygoydygoydygotaMumif;&SdvQif aomufaumif;\[kodyg? rGef;vGJaomtcgjzpfvQif rqmbJ raomufaumif;[k rSwfyg/


rdrd\ xifjrifcsuf

rD;jzifh usKdcsufxm;aom oumcJç wifvJtcJukd a&ESifh azsmfpyfít&nfazsmf&nftjzpf aomufaumif;vQif ,ckumv rD;jzifh csufxm;-aom vrepf&nfç bdvyf&nfponfh owåm[umvdu t&nfwkdYukd-vnf; a&at;ESifh azsmfpyfí aomufvQif aomufaumif;zG,f&Sdonf[kxifjrif,lqygonf/ ,mrumvdutjzpf naeykdif; aomufEkdifrnf[kxifygonf/

,ckumv tcJyg pm;aeMuykH

þaboZÆcE¨uvm ynwfcsuft& xef;vsufcJç oumcJçwifvJcJç MuHoumç Eke,fyGJ&ufç oMum;trIefY ponfwkdYonf ,aeYtuyfcHí aevGJaomtcg ckepf&uftwGif; aemufaemuf&ufrsm;\aevGJ rGef;vGJtcg avemjcif; tm;enf;jcif;paom a&m*g&Sdí olESifhaq;zufjzpfrS pm;aumif;\/ ,ckumvüum; &[ef;ç omraPrsm;ESifhOykofonfrsm; tqkdyg xef;vsufcJç MuHoumcJç oMum;vkH;wkdYukd rGef;vGJ-NyD; pm;aumif;onf xifí pm;avh&SdMu\/ 'um 'umrwkdUuvnf;uyfavh &SdMu\/ trSeftm;jzifhrl xkdtcJrsm;ukd aevGJNyD;tcg rpm;aumif;[k rSwfyg/ rD;ESifhusKdcsufxm;aom owåm[umvdu t&nfrsm;vnf;qmavmif½kHrQjzifh raomufaumif;[k rSwfyg/

awv (= qD)ESifh pyfí rSwf&ef

awvawvawvawvawv (= qD)[l&mü ESrf;qDç yJqDç rkefnif;qDrsm;ESifh 0ufqDç 0HqDçvykdifqDç jrnf;qDç ig;BuD;qDpaom om;ig;qD trsKd;rsKd;wkdY yg0if\/opfrnfpnfqDç MuufqlqDwkdYvnf; yg0if\/

awvH emr wdvawvH omoyawvH r"kuawvH {&@-awvH 0omawvH/ (yg&mZduPfygVdawmf?363/)


om;ç ig;qDrsm;ü t½kd;ç tom;ç tzwf rygatmif ppfNyD;om;jzpf&rnf/ ,m0umvdutoD;ç tpm;tpmç rka,mpyg;rIefYç qefrIefYponf a&mxm;vQif ckepf&uf rtyf/ tm;enf;aom a&m*g&Sdaom&[ef;ç omraPwkdYonf axmywfç ig;BuD;qD ponfrsm;ukd ntcga&aEG;ESifh pyfí okH;pGJaumif;\/ owåm[umvdujzpfí ckepf&ufomxm;um okH;aqmif&rnf jzpfonf/ xkdaMumifh EkdifiHjcm; tm;aq;awmifh-rsm; om;ç ig;qDygvQif ,m0ZD0du r[kwf? owåm[umvdu jzpfíckepf&ufom xm;í pm;aumif;onf/ ,m0umvdutoD; pyg;rsKd;çyJrsKd; ygaom tazsmf&nfwdkYonfvnf; rGef;rwnfhrDom aomufaumif;-onf [k odyg/

,m0ZD0du

,wåaum,wåaum,wåaum,wåaum,wåaum = tMuifrQavmufaom/ ZDa0g ZDa0g ZDa0g ZDa0g ZDa0g = toufwnf;/,m0ZD0H ,m0ZD0H ,m0ZD0H ,m0ZD0H ,m0ZD0H = touf&SnforQ (toufxufqkH;)/

]],m0ZD0H y&dbkÍÆdwAÁH ]],m0ZD0H y&dbkÍÆdwAÁH ]],m0ZD0H y&dbkÍÆdwAÁH ]],m0ZD0H y&dbkÍÆdwAÁH ]],m0ZD0H y&dbkÍÆdwAÁH --------------- touf&SnforQumvywfvkH; okH;aqmif-tyf\}}t& - tuyfcHNyD;í wpfoufywfvkH; okH;aqmifaumif;aomtjrpfçtOç tzkç qm;ç *sif; ponfwkdYukd ,m0ZD0du[k ac:onf/

jyNyD;aom umvduokH;rsKd;ESifh a&'efylwkdYrS <uif;aom tuyfcH-aom aeYrS toufxufqkH; tema&m*g[laom taMumif;&SdvQif xyfrHtuyfrcH&bJ bkOf;ay;aumif;onf/ vlwkdY cJzG,fç pm;zG,ftjzpf tokH;-rjyKaom tjrpfç tOç tzkç yifpnfç tayG;ç tacgufç tumç tESpfçtoD;ç tyGifhç t&Gufç tñGefYç (i½kwfaumif;ç ydwfcsif;ç csif;ç EG,fcsKdçqD;jzLç zef;cg;ç oQdoQm;)paom aq;ypönf;trsKd;rsKd;onf ,m0ZD0du,m0ZD0du,m0ZD0du,m0ZD0du,m0ZD0du0w¬Krnf\/

(aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) t&yfwkdif;rSm? tm[m&udpö? rpm;Mu? ,m0ZD0dum/ ZD;jzLç oQdoQm;? ozef;cg;? rsm;\ teEÅm/ (0denf;Oya'?263/)


,m0ZD0du tjrpfrsm;

92/ [vd'd od*Ða0&Íö? 0pwåH vokPH 0pm/[vd'd od*Ða0&Íö? 0pwåH vokPH 0pm/[vd'd od*Ða0&Íö? 0pwåH vokPH 0pm/[vd'd od*Ða0&Íö? 0pwåH vokPH 0pm/[vd'd od*Ða0&Íö? 0pwåH vokPH 0pm/OoD&H b'´rkwåÍömwd0dom u#Ka&m[DPd/OoD&H b'´rkwåÍömwd0dom u#Ka&m[DPd/OoD&H b'´rkwåÍömwd0dom u#Ka&m[DPd/OoD&H b'´rkwåÍömwd0dom u#Ka&m[DPd/OoD&H b'´rkwåÍömwd0dom u#Ka&m[DPd/yÍörlvm'duÍömyd? rlvH wH ,m0ZD0duH/

[vd[vd[vd[vd[vd'´d = = = = = eEGif;onfvnf;aumif;/ od*Ða0&Íö = od*Ða0&Íö = od*Ða0&Íö = od*Ða0&Íö = od*Ða0&Íö = csif;onfvnf;-aumif;/ 0pwåH 0pwåH 0pwåH 0pwåH 0pwåH = qdwfzl;onfvnf;aumif;/ vokPH vokPH vokPH vokPH vokPH = MuufoGefjzL-onfvnf;aumif;/ 0pm 0pm 0pm 0pm 0pm = vif;avonfvnf;aumif;/ OoD&H OoD&H OoD&H OoD&H OoD&H = yef;-&if;onfvnf;aumif;/ b'´rkwåÍö b'´rkwåÍö b'´rkwåÍö b'´rkwåÍö b'´rkwåÍö = EGm;ajr&if;onfvnf;aumif;/twd0dom twd0dom twd0dom twd0dom twd0dom = wd0kofonfvnf;aumif;/ u#Ka&m[dPD u#Ka&m[dPD u#Ka&m[dPD u#Ka&m[dPD u#Ka&m[dPD = ukvm;aqmif;-ar;cg;onfvnf;aumif;/ yÍörlvm'duH yÍörlvm'duH yÍörlvm'duH yÍörlvm'duH yÍörlvm'duH = yÍörlvtp&Sdaom/ rlvÍömyd rlvÍömyd rlvÍömyd rlvÍömyd rlvÍömyd= tjrpfonfvnf;aumif;/ wHwHwHwHwH = xkdtvkH;pkHonf/ ,m0ZD0duH ,m0ZD0duH ,m0ZD0duH ,m0ZD0duH ,m0ZD0duH = ,m0ZD-0duwnf;? (0g)touftykdif;jcm;wkdifatmif okH;aqmif&m umv&Sdaomtjrpfwnf;/

,m0ZD0dutoD;rsm;

93/ AdV*ø r&dpH a*g|-zvH ydyævd &mZdum/AdV*ø r&dpH a*g|-zvH ydyævd &mZdum/AdV*ø r&dpH a*g|-zvH ydyævd &mZdum/AdV*ø r&dpH a*g|-zvH ydyævd &mZdum/AdV*ø r&dpH a*g|-zvH ydyævd &mZdum/wdzav-&@um'DeH? zvH wH ,m0ZD0duH/

AdV*ø AdV*ø AdV*ø AdV*ø AdV*ø = tdyfarGUoD;onfvnf;aumif;/ r&dpH r&dpH r&dpH r&dpH r&dpH = i½kwfoD;onfvnf;-aumif;/ a*g|zvHa*g|zvHa*g|zvHa*g|zvHa*g|zvH = orifpmoD;onfvnf;aumif;/ ydyævd ydyævd ydyævd ydyævd ydyævd = ydwfcsif;oD;onfvnf;aumif;/ &mZdum &mZdum &mZdum &mZdum &mZdum = rkefnif;oD;onfvnf;aumif;/ wd-wd-wd-wd-wd-zav&@um'DeH zav&@um'DeH zav&@um'DeH zav&@um'DeH zav&@um'DeH = ueckdç Muufqltp&SdonfwkdY\/ zvH zvH zvH zvH zvH = toD;onfvnf;aumif;/ ,m0ZD0duH ,m0ZD0duH ,m0ZD0duH ,m0ZD0duH ,m0ZD0duH = ,m0ZD0duwnf;/ (0g) touftykdif;-tjcm;wkdifatmif okH;aqmif&mumv&Sdaom toD;wnf;/ (0d?3?293/ 0d?|?3?102?)


,m0ZD0du t&Gufrsm;

94/ uyÜgoedrÁuk#Z-ya#mvokvom'deH/uyÜgoedrÁuk#Z-ya#mvokvom'deH/uyÜgoedrÁuk#Z-ya#mvokvom'deH/uyÜgoedrÁuk#Z-ya#mvokvom'deH/uyÜgoedrÁuk#Z-ya#mvokvom'deH/olay,syPÖH 0aZÆwGm? yPÖH wH ,m0ZD0duH/

olay,syPÖH olay,syPÖH olay,syPÖH olay,syPÖH olay,syPÖH = [if;\ tpD;tyGm;jzpfaom [if;&Gufukd/ (0g)[if;csufí pm;aumif;aom t&Gufukd/ 0aZÆwGm 0aZÆwGm 0aZÆwGm 0aZÆwGm 0aZÆwGm = MuOfí/ uyÜgo- uyÜgo- uyÜgo- uyÜgo- uyÜgo-edrÁuk#Z-ya#mvokvom'deH edrÁuk#Z-ya#mvokvom'deH edrÁuk#Z-ya#mvokvom'deH edrÁuk#Z-ya#mvokvom'deH edrÁuk#Z-ya#mvokvom'deH = 0gç wrmç vufxkwfç jAL;wm;ç ½kH;tp&Sdonf wkdY\/ ,H yPÖH ,H yPÖH ,H yPÖH ,H yPÖH ,H yPÖH = tMuift&Gufonf/ tw¬d tw¬d tw¬d tw¬d tw¬d = &Sd\? wH wH wH wH wH =xkdt&Gufonf/ ,m0ZD0duH ,m0ZD0duH ,m0ZD0duH ,m0ZD0duH ,m0ZD0duH = ,m0ZD0duwnf;/ (0g) touftykdif;-tjcm;wkdifatmif okH;aqmif&mumv&Sdaom t&Gufwnf;/

(0d?3?292/ 0d?|?3?100?372-373/)

tap;ç tcGHESifh qm; ponf

95/95/95/95/95/ XaywGm OpäkKed,smoH? o&oH OpäKZH wpH/ed,smaom p wapm oaAÁm? avmPH avm[H odvm wxmed,smaom p wapm oaAÁm? avmPH avm[H odvm wxmed,smaom p wapm oaAÁm? avmPH avm[H odvm wxmed,smaom p wapm oaAÁm? avmPH avm[H odvm wxmed,smaom p wapm oaAÁm? avmPH avm[H odvm wxm/////

96/96/96/96/96/ ok'ödw¬Íö ao0gavm? ,Íö udÍöd okpsmydwH/0du#m'dyÜab'Íö? ÓwAÁH ,m0ZD0duH/

OOOOOpppppää ää ä Ked,smoH Ked,smoH Ked,smoH Ked,smoH Ked,smoH = MuHtap;ukdvnf;aumif;/ o&oH o&oH o&oH o&oH o&oH = t&nfESifhwuGjzpfaom/ OpäKZH / OpäKZH / OpäKZH / OpäKZH / OpäKZH = MuHrS jzpfaom/ wpH wpH wpH wpH wpH = tcGHukdvnf;aumif;/ XaywGmXaywGmXaywGmXaywGmXaywGm= xm;í/ oaAÁm oaAÁm oaAÁm oaAÁm oaAÁm = tvkH;pkHaom/ ed,smaom p ed,smaom p ed,smaom p ed,smaom p ed,smaom p = tap;ukdvnf;-aumif;/ wapm wapm wapm wapm wapm = tcGHtacgufukdvnf;aumif;/ avmPH avmPH avmPH avmPH avmPH = qm;ukd-vnf;aumif;/ avm[H avm[H avm[H avm[H avm[H = oHukdvnf;aumif;/ (0g) aMu;ukdvnf;aumif;/odvm odvm odvm odvm odvm = ausmufukdvnf;aumif;/ wxm wxm wxm wxm wxm = xkdrSwpfyg;/ ok'ödw¬Íö ok'ödw¬Íö ok'ödw¬Íö ok'ödw¬Íö ok'ödw¬Íö =ysm;&nfrzuf oufoufaom ysm;za,mif;ukdvnf;aumif;/ ao0g-ao0g-ao0g-ao0g-ao0g-avm avm avm avm avm = arSmfukdvnf;aumif;/ okpsmydwH okpsmydwH okpsmydwH okpsmydwH okpsmydwH = aumif;pGm rD;avmifap-tyfNyD;aom/ ,Íö udÍöd =,Íö udÍöd =,Íö udÍöd =,Íö udÍöd =,Íö udÍöd = trSwfrxm; wpfyg;yg;aom jymç rD;aoG;-ukdvnf;aumif;/ 0du#m'dyÜab'Íö 0du#m'dyÜab'Íö 0du#m'dyÜab'Íö 0du#m'dyÜab'Íö 0du#m'dyÜab'Íö = r[m0du#aq; tp&Sdaom


tjym;&Sdaom/ ,Íö udÍöd ,Íö udÍöd ,Íö udÍöd ,Íö udÍöd ,Íö udÍöd = trSwfrxm; wpfyg;yg;aom opfOponfukdvnf;aumif;/ ,m0ZD0duH ,m0ZD0duH ,m0ZD0duH ,m0ZD0duH ,m0ZD0duH = ,m0ZD0du[lí/ ÓwAÁH ÓwAÁH ÓwAÁH ÓwAÁH ÓwAÁH = odxkduf\/ (0d?3?292-293?295?298/ 0d?|?2?295/ 0d?|?3-101/)

csif;okyf qkH;jzwfcsuf

csif; (*sif;)ukd ,m0ZD0du[k qkd&mü vufokyfvkyfzkdY&ef tcsOfpdrf-xm;aom csif; r[kwf? e*kdoabmtwkdif; i½kwfoD;uJhokdY ylpyfaomt&om&Sdaom csif;ukd qkdvkdonf/ xkd,m0ZD0du tm[m&wkdYonfrusef;rrmí xkdtm[m&ESifh oifhawmfaom a&m*g&SdrSom aq;tjzpfjzifhokH;aumif;aom tm[m&rsm; jzpfMuonf/

,ckacwfü oHCmawmfwkdYtm; tcsKdUt&yfü nbuf uyfavh-&Sdaom csif;okyfum; MuufoGefç qDç qm;ç csif;rsm;ukd wpfckpD MunfhvQifowåm[umvduESifh ,m0ZD0ducsnf; jzpfí ]]tyf\}}[k xifzG,f &Sd\/okdYaomf csif;ukd (yifukd tMurf;twkdif; r[kwfbJ) pm;aumif;atmifjyKjyifum vufokyfwpfrsKd;jzpfatmif pDrHxm;ojzifh ,m0umvducJzG,fwGif yg0ifaeNyD[k q&mwkdY ,lMu\/

,m0umvdur[kwf[k jiif;apumrl xkdcsif;okyfaMumifh uif;-aysmufrnfh a&m*g&SdrS pm;aumif;rnf/ taMumif;rJhjzpfap? rGwfodyfqmavmifíjzpfap pm;vQifum; rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ vGwfvyfcGifhr&acs/ tuyfcHvQif 'kuú#f? rsKd;wkdif;rsKdwkdif; 'kuú#frsm;pGm rkcs oifh&-awmhrnf/

refusnf;&GufMurf; jynfyef;csKd&Guf

[if;csufpm;aumif;aom t&Gufukd MuOfí <uif;aom t&Gufrsm;-ukd ,m0ZD0du,m0ZD0du,m0ZD0du,m0ZD0du,m0ZD0du[k qkdaomaMumifh refusnf;&Gufç uifyGef;&Gufç jynfyef;-csKd&Guf tp&Sdaom t&GufwkdYü Ekaom (wcsKdU rEkr&ifh) t&Gufrsm;ukd[if;csufí pm;avh&SdaomaMumifh &ifhaomt&Gufukd ,m0ZD0du,m0ZD0du,m0ZD0du,m0ZD0du,m0ZD0du[k


,l&onf/ xkdYaMumifh naetcg oifhjrwfaom a&m*g&SdvQif (acsmif;qkd;toH0ifponf) xef;vsuf&nf ponfESifh xkdt&GufMurf;wkdY usKdumaomufEkdifonf/ (ck'ódu©mbmom#Dum?147/)

aumufyJESifh tom;ç t½kd;rsm;

,Íö udÍöd okpsmydwH ,Íö udÍöd okpsmydwH ,Íö udÍöd okpsmydwH ,Íö udÍöd okpsmydwH ,Íö udÍöd okpsmydwH (ck'ódu©m*gxm?96/)ü qkdxm;onft& -aumufyJwkdYrS jzpfaomtpmESifh tom;ç t½kd;yif jzpfapumrl aumif;-aumif; rD;avmifaptyfNyD;jzpfí uRrf;aevQif (rD;aoG;cJ jzpfaevQifçjymjzpfaevQif) ,m0ZD0duwnf;/

r[m0du#aq;

&[ef;wpfyg; a>rukdufojzifh bk&m;&Sif cGifhjyKawmfrltyfaom r[m-r[m-r[m-r[m-r[m-0du#aq;0du#aq;0du#aq;0du#aq;0du#aq;[k ac:a0:tyfaom usifBuD;ç usifi,fç ajrnufç jymtp&Sdaom tvkH;pkHonfvnf; ,m0ZD0duwnf;/ tm'do'´gjzifh uEúEúEúEúEćg'eD,cg'eD,cg'eD,cg'eD,cg'eD, (tO cJzG,f) ponfü jytyfcJhaom [if;csufí r&aumif;aomopfOç opfjrpfç opfyGifhç trIefYwkdYukdyg ,m0ZD0du[k ,lyg/

tmywfoifhykH tcsKyfrSwf&ef

,m0umvdu cJzG,fabmZOfukd aevGJtcg pm;aomufvQif ok'-ygpdwf? ,mrumvdutazsmfESifh owåm[umvduwGif yg0ifaoma&a&mxm;aom MuH&nfç xef;&nfcsKdç tcsKd&nfponfukd rGwfodyfjcif;taMumif;&Sdí qmí aomufvQif temywåd? taMumif;rJhoufoufaomufvQifum; tm[m&tusKd;iSm aomuf&ma&mufí 'kuú#f? owåm-[umvduaq;rsm;ESifh ,m0ZD0du vsufqm;ponfukd xkdtpmpm;vQifaysmufuif;avmufaom avxjcif;ç avemjcif;ç tm;enf;jcif;paoma&m*gaMumifh pm;vQif temywåd? tmywfroifh? taMumif;rJhjzpfapçqmavmifrGwfodyfíjzpfap pm;vQif 'kuú#fwnf;/


umvduwkdY a&maESm&mü rSwf&ef

xkdaeYtuyfcHtyfaom ,m0umvdu0w¬KESifh xkdaeY tuyfcHtyf-aom (0g) xkdaeYrS &&Sdaom ,mrç owåm[ç ,m0ZD0du0w¬KwkdY a&mvQifxkda&m&m eHeufüom tyf\? xkdnaerS pí rtyf? a&S;aeYwkdYu tuyfcH-xm;aom owåm[ç ,m0ZD0duwkdYESifh a&m&müum; ,m0umvduç,mrumvduwkdY rtyfMuawmh? rokH;aqmifaumif;awmhNyD? Oyrm--a&S;aeYu tuyfcHxm;tyfaom axmywfç qDç qm;wkdYESifh xkdaeY (,aeY)tuyfcHtyfaom qGrf;ç azsmf&nfwkdYa&mí rpm;aumif;? a&S;aeYutuyfcHxm;aom qGrf;ç tazsmf&nfawG jzpfoGm;awmhonf[k oabm-aygufyg/

owåm[umvdu axmywfponfESifh ,m0ZD0du qm;ponfwkdYa&m&müum; owåm[umvdu\ oufwrf;&SdorQ qm;u vkdufEkdifonf/ Oyrm-- owåm[umvdu0wåK axmywfukd tuyfcHí ESpf&uf-vGefrS qm;ESifh okdYr[kwf ,m0ZD0duaq; wpfckckESifh a&mvQif aemufxyfig;&ufom tyf\? ponfjzifh odav/ umvducsif; a&m&mü &ufwkdumvdu\ oabmukd &uf&Snfumvduu tjrJvdkuf&onf/ qGrf;pm;-NyD;p tm;aq;jym;rsm; pm;vkdvQif yg;pyfukd pifMu,fatmif aq;aMum-NyD;rS pm;oifhonf/ ayusHaeaom tmrdoESifh a&maESmrdvQif tmywfoifhEkdifonf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) umvdu av;jzm? a&maESm&m0,f? owåm[ESifh? ,m0ZD0D? a&SUaeYqDu? uyfNyD;rSukd? ,m0ç ,mrH? ,aeYcHESifh? a&mjyefaomfvnf;?rtyfcsnf;om? wpfenf;rSmrl? ,m0ZD0H? a&S;aeYcHESifh? ckcHowåm[?a&mwkHuvQif? owåm[ ouf? ckepf&ufn? tcGifhjyKonf? rSwf½Iaemifvm tcsKyfwnf;/


taEÅm0kw¬ç taEÅmyuúç omrHyuú 'kuú#frsm;

jyqkdcJhNyD;aom tuyÜd,uk#dav;rsKd; wpfrsKd;rsKd;ü o[ao,s-avmufaom t&yfü rdrd\ umvvGefatmif okdrSD;odrf;qnf;xm;tyf-aom oHCduç yk*¾vdujzpfaom ,m0umvduESifh ,mrumvdu ESpfyg;-ukd taEÅm0kw¬taEÅm0kw¬taEÅm0kw¬taEÅm0kw¬taEÅm0kw¬ ac:onf/ xkd0w¬Kukd pm;aomufaom &[ef;tm;taEÅm0kw¬'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/

tuyÜd,uk#dü okdrSD;tyfaom owåm[umvdu ,m0ZD0duESpfyg;-ESifh ,aeY tuyfcHtyfaom <uif;umvduESpfyg; a&mpm;aomf rtyf?rkcoEéd"d jzpfonf/ ¤if;rkcoEéd"dukdyif r[mypö&Dü taEÅm0kw¬[k qkd\/rkcESifh taEÅmum; y&d,m,fjzpfí trnfrQom xl;onf/ 'kuú#ftmywfcsif;um; wl\/ <uif;umvdu ESpfyg;um; tuyÜd,uk#dü okdrDS;xm;aomfvnf; tjypfr&Sd? oEéd"drjzpfaumif;[k odyg/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) tuyÜduk? okdrSD;jyK? xm;rI taEÅm0kw¬wnf;/ ,m0ç ,mr? umvdu? ESpf0 ,lavwnf;/ <uif; umvdu? a&mpm;u? rkcoEédwnf;/ <uif; umvdu? okdrSD;Mu? xm;u tyfownf;/

taEÅmyuú

tuyÜd,uk#dü o[ao,savmufaom t&yfü csuftyfaom,m0umvduç ,mrumvduESpfyg;ukd taEÅmyuútaEÅmyuútaEÅmyuútaEÅmyuútaEÅmyuú[k ac:onf/ xkd0w¬K-ukd pm;aomufaom &[ef;tm; taEÅmyuú'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/xkdtaEÅmyuújzpfaeaom umvduESpfyg;ESifh ,aeY tuyfcHtyfaom<uif;umvduESpfyg; (owåm[ç ,m0ZD0du)wkdY a&mpm;aomf rtyf?rkcoEéd"djzpfonf/ <uif;umvdu ESpfyg;ukd csufaomfvnf; taEÅmyuúrjzpf? csufaumif;ç pm;aumif;onf[k odyg/


(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) tuyÜd,m? uk#DrSm? csufyg taEÅmyuúwnf;/,m0-,mr? umvdu? ESpf0 ,lavwnf;/<uif; umvdu? csufwkHu? taEÅmyuú rjzpfwnf;/

omrHyuú

trSwfr&Sd wpfpkHwpfckaom t&yfü ukd,fwkdifcsuftyfaom umvd-u av;yg;pvkH;ukd omrHyuú[k ac:onf/ xkdomrHyuújzpfaeaomumvdursm;ESifh omrHyuú r[kwfaom umvdursm; a&mírpm;aumif;?rkcoEéd"d jzpfonf/ 'kuú#ftmywfrS rvGwf? ,m*k (qefjyKwf)ylylü Muuf-oGefrdwfç MuufoGefpdrf;ç qm;pdrf;ç EkdYpdrf;rsm;ukd ukd,fwkdif xnfhí raomuf-aumif;? vufzuf&nfylylüvnf; EkdYpdrf;ç qm;pdrf; xnfharTí raomuf-aumif;? vlç omraPrsm;ukd txnfhckdif;NyD;rS tuyfcHNyD; arTaomufrl-um; omrHyuú rjzpf/ (ygwdarmu©ar'deD?336/)

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) rnfonfhae&m? rqkdomay? ukd,fwkdifav? csufay omrHyuúwnf;/ av;umvdu? aumuf,l&? rSwfMuavukefwnf;/

ykeyuú

vlç omraPwkdY csufí usufNyD;aom ,m0umvdu,m0umvdu,m0umvdu,m0umvdu,m0umvduESpfrsKd;wdkYudkwpfzefcsufrIonf ykeyuúykeyuúykeyuúykeyuúykeyuúrnf\/ xkdwpfzefcsufrIukdum; &[ef;ukd,f-wkdif jyKaumif;\? tjypf r&Sd? usufNyD;aom xrif;at;ç [if;at;ukd&[ef;ukd,fwkdifyif rD;ü aET;tyf\/ xkdYjyif usufNyD;aom xrif;ukd,ufref; (qefjyKwf )jzpfatmif &[ef;ukd,fwkdif usKdtyfaom 0w¬Kukdrl-um; a&SUumvdu0w¬KwkdYESifh ra&m,Sufapí oufouf pm;aomuf-tyf\/ a&S;umvdu ESpfrsKd;wkdYESifh a&maESmí pm;aomufcJhaomf tjypf-&Sdjyef\? 'kuú#ftmywf oifhjyef\/

a&SUumvdu ESpfrsKd;wkd Yü taEÅm0kw¬? taEÅmyuú? omrHyuú?ykeyuú[k av;rsKd;&Sdonfukd rSwfyg/


tusOf;rSwf&ef

1/ taEÅm0kw¬taEÅm0kw¬taEÅm0kw¬taEÅm0kw¬taEÅm0kw¬ = tuyÜd,uk#dtwGif;ü t½kPfwufonfhwkdifatmifxm;tyfaom 0w¬K (,m0ç ,mr)ukd taEÅm0kw¬ac:onf/

2/ taEÅmyuútaEÅmyuútaEÅmyuútaEÅmyuútaEÅmyuú = tuyÜd,uk#dtwGif;ü csufjyKwfaMumfavSmf tyfaom0w¬Kukd taEÅmyuúac:onf/

3/ omrHyuúomrHyuúomrHyuúomrHyuúomrHyuú = &[ef;ukd,fwkdif csuftyfaom 0w¬Kukd omrHyuú ac:onf/ ,if;okH;rsKd; pm;aomufvQif 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/

4/ ykeyuúykeyuúykeyuúykeyuúykeyuú = &[ef;ukd,fwkdif wpfzefcsufrI aET;rIukd ykeyuúykeyuúykeyuúykeyuúykeyuú[kac:onf? tjypfr&Sd? tmywfroifh/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) 1/ t*FgrnD? ausmif;uk#D? tuyÜD,om/

2/ taEÅm0kw¬?taEÅmyuú? omrHyuú?þokH;0? ,m0ç ,mrrSm/

3/ okdrSD;onfukd? 0kw¬qkd? usKdcsuf yuúrSm/

4/ uk#DysufwGif;? okdrSD;jcif;? tvsif; rjyK&m/

5/ xkdü csuftyf? ,if;ESpf&yf? rtyfavonfom/

6/ b,fü rqkd? ,if;ESpfukd? ukd,fwkdif rcsuf&m/

7/ usufNyD;ukdvsuf? wpfzefcsuf? oufouftyfonfom/

8/ a&S;umvd ESpf? a&mjyefvpf? tjypf&Sdjyefvm/

9/ owåmçZD0d? ukd,fcsufrd? ok'¨dtyfonfom/

10/ tuyÜd,? ausmif;jzpfu? rsm;vS jypfemqm/

11/ 0denf;rwwf? ausmif;xkdifvwf? tmywfrqkH;&m/


uHBuD;uHi,f toG,foG,f

ausmif;xkdifbkef;BuD;t*Fgig;yg;wGif uHBuD;uHi,fwkdYukd wwfodem;-vnfxm;&rnf[k yg&Sdonf/ xkduHBuD; uHi,fwkdYukd tusOf;csKyftm;jzifhodom½kH a&;ygrnf/

uHav;rsKd;

u&D,wd u&D,wd u&D,wd u&D,wd u&D,wd = jyKtyf\/ £wd £wd £wd £wd £wd = xkdYaMumifh/ ur®H ur®H ur®H ur®H ur®H = uH rnf\/xkduHonf oHCm tnDtñGwf jyKtyfaom --

1/ tyavmueuH? 2/ ÚwåduH? 3/ Úwåd'kwd,uH? 4/ Úwåd-pwkw¬uH - [k av;rsKd; &Sd\/

xkdav;yg;wkdYwGif oHCmpnf;a0;NyD;aemuf nDñGwfaom oHCm-awmf\ tvkdtm;jzifh uJh&JUjcif;paom qkdif&m0w¬KtaMumif;ukd ajymjyíoHCmtm; ]]ESpfouf oabmwlyg\avm}}[k jrefrmvkdjzpfap? ]]½kpöwd]]½kpöwd]]½kpöwd]]½kpöwd]]½kpöwdoHCó}}oHCó}}oHCó}}oHCó}}oHCó}}[k ygVdvkdjzpfap? okH;Budrfwkdifwkdif yefMum;ajymMum;í jyKtyf-aom uHrsKd;ukd tyavmueutyavmueutyavmueutyavmueutyavmueuH[k ac:onf/

xkdnDñGwfaom oHCm\ tvkdqEtwkdif; ÚwfwpfBudrf &GwfqkdíjyKtyfaom uHrsKd;ukd ÚwåduHÚwåduHÚwåduHÚwåduHÚwåduH[k ac:onf/ xkdnDñGwfaom oHCm\tvkdqEtwkdif; ÚwfwpfBudrf ur®0gpmwpfBudrf &Gwfzwfí þÚwf-vQif ESpfBudrfajrmuf&Sdaom ur®0gpmjzifh jyKtyfaom uHrsKd;ukd Úwåd-Úwåd-Úwåd-Úwåd-Úwåd-'kwd,uH'kwd,uH'kwd,uH'kwd,uH'kwd,uH[k ac:onf/

xkdnDñGwfaom oHCm\ tvkdqEtwkdif; ÚwfwpfBudrf ur®0gpmokH;Budrf aygif;av;Budrf ur®0gpm zwf&\/ þokdY ÚwfvQif av;Budrf-ajrmuf&Sdaom ur®0gpmjzifh &Gwfzwfí jyKtyfaom uHrsKd;ukd Úwådpwkwå-Úwådpwkwå-Úwådpwkwå-Úwådpwkwå-Úwådpwkwå-uHuHuHuHuH[k ac:onf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) tyavmye? ur®Úwåd? 'kwdç pwkwf? uHorkwf? r,kwf rsKd;av;wef/ (ygwdarmu©ar'deD?412/)


tyavmueuH ig;rsKd;

xkdav;rsKd;aom uHwkdYwGif tyavmueuHonf ----

1/ uP³uomraPudk aumif;pGm usifhonfukd jrifí jyefoGif;aomMoom&PuHMoom&PuHMoom&PuHMoom&PuHMoom&PuH?

2/ uP³uomraPukd zsufqD;ouJhokdYaom ESifxkwfaom edóm-edóm-edóm-edóm-edóm-&PuH&PuH&PuH&PuH&PuH?

3/ &Sifavmif;&[ef;avmif;\ qHcsacgif;&dyfOD;jynf;jcif;ukd yefMum;aomb@KuH?b@KuH?b@KuH?b@KuH?b@KuH?

4/ EIwfMurf;aom &[ef;tm; qkdcsif&m qkdygap wpfpkHwpfa,muf-aom &[ef;rQ qkdqkH;rjcif;ukd rjyK&[k yefMum;ajymMum;í jrpfxm;-aomç 'Pfay;xm;aom jA[®'@uH?jA[®'@uH?jA[®'@uH?jA[®'@uH?jA[®'@uH?

5/ bdu©KeDrwkdY\ rMunfndKzG,fukd jyKaom &[ef;ukd bdu©KeDrwkdYu&Sdrckd;&[k ajymaom ur®vu©PuHur®vu©PuHur®vu©PuHur®vu©PuHur®vu©PuH - þokdYjzifh tyavmueuH(5)rsKd; jym;\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) oGif; xkwf jA[®'Pf? OD;jynf;uH? ur®Hvu©PH?tyavmue? ig;Xme? a&mufx jrJ{uef/


ÚwåduH (9) rsKd;

1/ &[ef;avmif;ukd ac:oGif;aom Moom&PÚwåduH?

2/ OAÇm[dutqkH;tjzwfü "r®uxduyk*¾dKvfudk ESifxkwfaom edóm-&PÚwåduH?

3/ OykofÚwf\ tpGrf;jzifh xm;tyfaom OaygoxÚwåduHOaygoxÚwåduHOaygoxÚwåduHOaygoxÚwåduHOaygoxÚwåduH?

4/ y0g&PmuH\ tpGrf;jzifh xm;tyfaom y0g&PmÚwåduHy0g&PmÚwåduHy0g&PmÚwåduHy0g&PmÚwåduHy0g&PmÚwåduH?

5/ rdrdukdvnf;aumif;ç olwpfyg;ukdvnf;aumif; orkwfjcif;iSm xm;-tyfaom orkwdÚwåduH?


6/ pGefYtyfaom ouFef;ç oydwfponfwkdYukd jyefay;aom 'geÚwåduH'geÚwåduH'geÚwåduH'geÚwåduH'geÚwåduH?

7/ tmywfukd cHaom y#d*¾g[uÚwåduH?

8/ jyKtyfaom y0g&Pmukdiifaom ypöKuú¹eÚwåduH?

9/ wdP0w¬m&uorxü oAÁo*Fg[duÚwf wpfckckaom tzkdYüwpfckckaomÚwf þokH;yg;aom Úwf[k qkdtyfaom ur®vu©-PuHtm;jzifh ÚwåduH (9)rsKd; jym;\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) Moç edç Oç y? or®Kw? 'geç y#d*¾H/ypöKuú¹e? uHvu©? e0 ÚwåduH/ (ygwdarmu©ar'deD?413/)

Úwåd'kwd,uH (7) rsKd;

1/ oydwfvSefaom Moom&PuHMoom&PuHMoom&PuHMoom&PuHMoom&PuH?

2/ oydwfarSmufaom edóm&PuHedóm&PuHedóm&PuHedóm&PuHedóm&PuH?

3/ odrforkwfjcif; paom wpfq,fhig;yg;aom orkwfjcif;wkd Y\tpGrf;jzifh jzpfaom or®KwduHor®KwduHor®KwduHor®KwduHor®KwduH?

4/ uxdefouFef;ay;jcif;? rwuouFef;ay;jcif;wkd Y\ tpGrf;jzifhjzpfaom 'geuH'geuH'geuH'geuH'geuH?

5/ uxdefEkwfonf\ tpGrf;jzifhjzpfaom O'¨g&uHO'¨g&uHO'¨g&uHO'¨g&uHO'¨g&uH?

6/ uk#d&mausmif;&m Mum;onf\ tpGrf;jzifh jzpfaom a'oemuHa'oemuHa'oemuHa'oemuHa'oemuH?

7/ wdP0w¬m&uorxü wpfckckaomtzkdYü Úwåd'kwd,ur®0gpmwpfck? wpfckaomtzkdYü Úwåd'kwd,ur®0gpmwpfck? arm[ma&myeponfwkdYü a[mtyfaom Úwåd'kwd,ur®0gpmwkdY\ tpGrf;jzifhjzpfaom ur®vu©PuH ur®vu©PuH ur®vu©PuH ur®vu©PuH ur®vu©PuH - þokdYtm;jzifh (7)rsKd; jym;\/

(aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) Moç edç oHç 'g? O'¨g a'o? uHvu©? owå Úwf'kuH/


Úwådpwkw¬uH (7) rsKd;

1/ wZÆeD, paom ckepfyg;aom uHwkdY\ tpGrf;jzifh jzpfaom Moom-&PuH?

2/ xkduHwkdY\ Nidrf;onf\ tpGrf;jzifh jzpfaom edóm&PuH?

3/ bdu©Kaem0g'u orkwfonf\ tpGrf;jzifh jzpfaom or®KwduH?

4/ y&d0gofç rmewf ay;onf\ tpGrf;jzifh jzpfaom 'geuH?

5/ rlvm,y#duóe\ tpGrf;jzifh jzpfaom ed*¾[uH?

6/ Ou©dwåmEk0wåu&[ef; paom ,m0wwd,u wpfq,fhwpf-a,mufaom orEkbmoe&[ef;wkdY\ tpGrf;jzifh jzpfaom orEk-bmoeuH?

7/ OyorÜ'ç tAÇmeuHwkdY\ tpGrf;jzifh jzpfaom ur®vu©PuH -þokdY-tm;jzihf (7)rsKd; jym;\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) Moç edç orfç 'g? ed*fç Ekç bm? ur®mvu©PH/ Úwådpwkw¬? cGef Xme? a&mufx jrJ{uef/

uHjyKykH owfrSwfcsufrsm;

þav;yg;aom uHwkdYwGif tyavmueuHukd yefMum;íom jyK&-onf/ Úwfxm;onfh ÚwåduHponf tpGrf;jzifh rjyK&/

ÚwåduHukd ÚwfwpfBudrf xm;íom jyK&onf/ tyavmueuHponfjzifh rjyK&/

Úwåd'kwd,uHukdum; yefMum;ívnf; jyKaumif;onf/ Úwåd-'kwd,uHjzifhvnf; jyKaumif;onf/ oDrmorkwduHç oDrmorl[euHçoDrmorkwduHç oDrmorl[euHçoDrmorkwduHç oDrmorl[euHçoDrmorkwduHç oDrmorl[euHçoDrmorkwduHç oDrmorl[euHçuxdepD0&'geuHç uxdEk'g&uHç uk#d0w¬Ka'oemuHç 0d[m&0w¬Ka'o-uxdepD0&'geuHç uxdEk'g&uHç uk#d0w¬Ka'oemuHç 0d[m&0w¬Ka'o-uxdepD0&'geuHç uxdEk'g&uHç uk#d0w¬Ka'oemuHç 0d[m&0w¬Ka'o-uxdepD0&'geuHç uxdEk'g&uHç uk#d0w¬Ka'oemuHç 0d[m&0w¬Ka'o-uxdepD0&'geuHç uxdEk'g&uHç uk#d0w¬Ka'oemuHç 0d[m&0w¬Ka'o-emuemuemuemuemuH þ (6)yg;um; *½kuHrsm;jzpfí yefMum;í rjyKaumif;? Úwåd'kwd,uHjzifhom uHjyK&onf/


<uif;aom orkwduH (13)yg;ESifh aoemoe*¾g[uHç rwupD0&-aoemoe*¾g[uHç rwupD0&-aoemoe*¾g[uHç rwupD0&-aoemoe*¾g[uHç rwupD0&-aoemoe*¾g[uHç rwupD0&-'geor®KwduH'geor®KwduH'geor®KwduH'geor®KwduH'geor®KwduHwkdYum; v[kuHjzpfí yefMum;íom jyKaumif;onf/ÚwåduHponfjzifh rjyK&/

Úwådpwkw¬uHukdum; rdrdvu©Pmjzifhom uHjyK&onf/ <uif;aomuHwkdYjzifh uHrjyK&[k odyg/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) tyavmue? yefMum;&? jyKx{uefom/

Úwådur®m? Úwfjzifhom? jyKyg {uefom/

Úwåd'kwd,? yef;Mum;x? jyKu tyfonfom/

yefí r&? qçur®? azmfx odavyg/

Úwådpwkw¬? ,if;ur®? jyKMu ,if;jzifhom/


(wpfenf;)(wpfenf;)(wpfenf;)(wpfenf;)(wpfenf;) or®Kcu&PD,uHç tor®Kcu&PD,uHor®Kcu&PD,uHç tor®Kcu&PD,uHor®Kcu&PD,uHç tor®Kcu&PD,uHor®Kcu&PD,uHç tor®Kcu&PD,uHor®Kcu&PD,uHç tor®Kcu&PD,uH[k ESpfrsKd; jym;oifh-ao;\/

xkdwGif wrefjzifh &[ef;cHaom uHç oydwfarSmufuHç oydwfvSefuHçOr®wåuor®KwduHç aou©or®KwduHç jA[®'@uHç yumoeD,uuHçt0Ed,uH þ (8)yg;um; rsufuG,fü jyK&aom tor®Kcu&PD,uHrnf\/ <uif;aom uHrsm;um; rsufarSmufüom jyK&aom or®Kc-u&PD,uHwkdY rnf\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) tor®Kc? or®Kc? ESpf0 wpfenf;vSpf/

wref-arSmuf-vSef? Orfçaomufç jArf? um0ef-rsufuG,f&Spf/t<uif;uHrSm? rsufarSmufom? jyKyg odzkdYjzpf/



"r®duuH

"ar®m {awok tw¬Dwd "r®dumed [lonfESifhtnD ---"r®ç 0de,ç ow¬Komoe tm;avsmfpGm jyKtyfaomaMumifh [kwf-

rSefwkdif;aom oabm&Sdaom uHwkdYukd "r®duuHwkdY[k qkd&onf/

þü "r®[lonf [kwfrSefwkdif;aom 0w¬Kukd qkdonf? 0w¬K [kwfrSef-&rnf[l\/ 0de,[lonf 0w¬Kukdvnf;aumif;ç tmywfukdvnf;aumif;jyí apm'emjcif;? tjypfukd atmufarhapjcif; ESpfyg;ukd qkdonf/ ow¬K-omoe[lonf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tqkH;trjzpfaom Úwf\ jynfhpkHjcif;ur®0gpm\ jynfhpkHjcif; ESpfyg;ukd qkdonf/

t"r®duuH

"r®0de, ow¬Komoetm;avsmfpGm rjyKtyfaomaMumifh [kwfrSef-wkdif;aom oabmr&Sdaom uHukd t"r®duuH[k tjyeftm;jzifh odoifh-onf/

OyorÜ'uH\ orÜwådig;yg;

Úwådpwkw¬uH\ rysufjcif;orÜwdåonf---

1/ 0w¬KorÜwåd?

2/ ÚwådorÜwåd?

3/ ur®0gpmorÜwåd?

4/ oDrmorÜwåd?

5/ y&domorÜwåd[k ig;rsKd; &Sd\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) 0wfç Úwfç ur®0g? odrfç y&dom? ig;jzm orÜwåd/yÍöif;ajrmuf&ef? tifig;wef? jyefav 0dywåd/

(0denf;Oya'awmfBuD;?451/)


Oykofy0g&PmuHaqmifykHrsm;ç OyorÜ'uHaqmifykHrsm; tus,fukdqkdif&mtcef;wkdYü qufvufMunfh½IMuygukef? þum; uHav;rsKd; odom-½kHukdom tusOf;csKH;í wifjyxm;jcif; jzpfygonf/

y&du©&m&Spfyg;

yawåm wdpD0&H um,-AEëH 0god olpd p?yawåm wdpD0&H um,-AEëH 0god olpd p?yawåm wdpD0&H um,-AEëH 0god olpd p?yawåm wdpD0&H um,-AEëH 0god olpd p?yawåm wdpD0&H um,-AEëH 0god olpd p?y&dó0erdapöaw? y&du©m&| bmodwm/y&dó0erdapöaw? y&du©m&| bmodwm/y&dó0erdapöaw? y&du©m&| bmodwm/y&dó0erdapöaw? y&du©m&| bmodwm/y&dó0erdapöaw? y&du©m&| bmodwm/

(1) oydwf? (2) oif;ykdif? (3) {uoD? (4) 'kuk#f? (5) cg;yef;BudK;?(6) yJcGyf (0g) "m;rwkd? (7) tyfESifh tyfcsnf? (8) a&ppf[lí y&du©&m(8)yg; &Sd\/

þy&du©&m&Spfyg;wkdYwGif tyfpyfaom oydwfouFef;wkdYukd a&S;üa&;cJhNyD/

cg;yef;BudK;

BudK;trsm; aygif;í jyKtyfaom cg;yef;BudK;? a&a>rOD;acgif;oP²mefjyKtyfaom cg;yef;BudK;? rk½kd;pnfoP²mefç aqmufvkH;oP²mef cg;yef;BudK;-wkdYukd aqmifvQif 'kuú#f? tjym;&ufaom cg;yef;BudK;? 0uftloP²mefjyKtyfaom cg;yef;BudK;wkdYukd cGifhjyKawmfrl\/ rk½kd;pnfoP²mef jyKtyf-aom tNrdwftqmç aqmufvkH;oP²mef jyKtyfaom tNrdwftqmwkdYukdcGifhjyKawmfrlonf/ cg;yef;oD;ukdvnf; cGifhjyKawmfrl\/

(plV0gygVdawmfjrefrmjyef?279/)

0god (= yJcGyf "m;rwkd)

yJcGyft& oif"kef;"m;[k ,lqaeMuí y&du©&m&Spfyg;wGif oif"kef;-"m;tppf rxnfhEkdifolwkdY oHjzL"m; yvwfpwpf"m;ukd xnfhaeMuygonf/omrnzvokwft|uxmü 'efylowfaomtcgç anmifapmif;tif;ysOftaygif (abmif)jyKvkyfaomtcgç ouFef;jzifh wJxkd;&ef opfa&Gaomtcgç


MuHcGH cGmaomtcgç tkef;oD;ponf cGJaomtcg yJcGyfukd &[ef;wkdY tokH;-jyKaMumif; qkdonf/ (0d?|?1?185/)

xkdYaMumifh 0god-t& yJcGyf[lonf oif"kef;"m; r[kwfaMumif; "m;r-wkdomjzpfaMumif; wdyd#uq&mawmf t&Sif0dpdwåom&mbd0Ho\a[mpOfpmtkyf owårwGJ ed'gef;pmrsufESm (C)ü azmfjyxm;onf/

a&ppfa&ppfa&ppfa&ppfa&ppf

]]&[ef;wkYd ..c&D;&SnfoGm;aom &[ef;onf a&ppfukd awmif;vQifay;&rnf? ray;aom &[ef;tm; 'kuú#f? &[ef;wkdY ..a&ppfrygaom&[ef;onf c&D;&Snf roGm;tyf? oGm;aom &[ef;tm; 'kuú#ftmywfoifhap}}[k ynwfawmfrl\/ a&ppfyk0gç "r®u½kdPfç avpkyfç a&ppfponf r&Sdrl ESpfxyfouFef;pGef;ukdvnf; ]]þESpfxyfouFef;jzifh ppfía&aomuftHh}}[k aqmufwnf&rnf/

]]&[ef;wkdY av;wkdifpif pkdufí t0wfMuufaom a&ppfç ESpfíppfaom a&ppfwkdYukd cGifhjyKawmfrl\/}} (plV0gygVdawmfjrefrmjyef?255/)

tjcm;y&du©&mrsm;

xD;ç zdeyfç ,yfç awmifa0S;ç jcifaxmifç acgif;tkH;ç edoD'kdeftcif;-wkdYukdvnf; cGifhjyKawmfrl\/

xD;ç - t0wfxD;ç zsmxD;ç opf&GufxD;wkdYukd cGifhjyKawmfrlonf/ykd;csnfwkdYjzihf vSyatmif a&Tcsnfç aiGcsnf tvSqifxm;aom xD;rsm;rtyf? remrzsm;aom &[ef;onf tm&mrftwGif;üvnf;aumif;çtm&mrfOypmüvnf;aumif; xD;ukdaqmif;jcif;iSm cGifhjyKawmfrl\/ ukd,f-ylemç onf;ajcysufemç rsufpdtm;enf;jcif;ç xD;ESifhuif;vQif a0'emwpfckckjzpfwwfaom &[ef;av;OD;wkdYtm; &Gmüvnf;aumif;ç awmü-vnf;aumif; xD;aqmif;jcif;iSm tyf\/ rkd;&GmvQifvnf; tyf\? opf-


&GufxD;ç xef;vufpvl ae&mtm;vkH; tyf\/

zdeyf - þzdeyft&mü om;a&rSwpfyg; &[ef;wkdYtm; rtyf?om;a&zdeyfom tyfonf[k od/ (jcaoFhom;a&ç usm;om;a&ç usm;opf-a&ç aMumifom;a& ponfwkdYukd y,fonf/ r[m0g pr®c@u pmrsufESm(274)wGif ½Iyg/ (ygwdarmu©ar'deD?469/)

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) &mbmjzifh jyKvkyfxm;aom zaemifhzkH; zrkd;zkH; rygaom zdeyfrsm;vnf; tyf\[k r[mya'oav;yg;ESifh nd§í a&S;-q&mawmfBuD;rsm; ,lMuonf/

,yf - ,yf - ,yf - ,yf - ,yf - (1) av;axmifh,yf? (2) xef;&Guf,yf? (3) avQmfjzifhNyD;aom ,yf? (4) yef;&if;jzifhNyD;aom ,yf? (5) Oa'gif;NrD;jzifhNyD;aom,yfwkdYukd cGifhjyKawmfrl\/ pmr&Dom;NrD;,yfukd raqmiftyf? aqmifaom&[ef; 'kuú#f/ (plV0gygVdawmfjrefrmjyef?271/)

awmifa0S; -awmifa0S; -awmifa0S; -awmifa0S; -awmifa0S; - *dvme (= emaom&[ef;)u '@or®Kwdukd (3)Budrfawmif;yef&\/ oHCmrS Úwåd'kwd,uHjzifh '@or®Kwd ay;&\/

(plV0gt&om? 195/)

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) rZÑdrav;awmif yuwdajcmufawmif&Sdaom awmifa0S;ukd-om orkwfí ay;&onf/ xkdxuf &Snfaomç wkdaomawmifa0S;onfum; or®Kwduif;aomfvnf; &[ef;tm;vkH;tyf\/ (plV0gt&om?160/)

jcifaxmif =jcifaxmif =jcifaxmif =jcifaxmif =jcifaxmif = ruouk#dç umwdpD0&uk#dç um0kpöwd[k t|uxm-qkdonf t0wfausmif;i,f jzpf\/

acgif;tkH; =acgif;tkH; =acgif;tkH; =acgif;tkH; =acgif;tkH; = acgif;tkH;um; OD;acgif;yrmP&Sdaomfom tyf\/OD;acgif;yrmP acgif;tkH;[lonf axmifhokH;axmifhwkdYwGif ESpfaxmifh-wkdY\ tMum; teHtm;jzifh wpfxGmav;opf tv,fawmifqkyf tvsm;wpfawmifhxGm ESpfawmifom tyfonf/ teH - awmifqkyf? tvsm; -


ESpfawmif [l\? xkdxufBuD;rl rtyf? ti,fyrmP usrf;*efü rjy/

usrf;*efü *dvmer[kwfvQif acgif;tkH;ESifh ajctkH;ESpfrsKd;omtyfaMumif; vm\? xkdaMumifh 0denf;"kd&fyk*¾dKvfrsm;um; acgif;tkH;ukdwHawmifjzifh axmufjcif;? &ifbwfatmuf xm;jcif;rsm;ukd rjyKbJa&SmifMuOfMu\? tcsKdUum; wHawmifjzifh axmufjcif;ç vufjzifhaxmuf-jcif;rsm;ukd oHo,r&SdMu/ (ygwdarmu©ar'deD?430/)

ok'ÿgpdwf

pdwåH ygawwDwd ygpdwåd,H?pdwåH ygawwDwd ygpdwåd,H?pdwåH ygawwDwd ygpdwåd,H?pdwåH ygawwDwd ygpdwåd,H?pdwåH ygawwDwd ygpdwåd,H? ukokdvfpdwfukd usapwwfaomaMumifhygpdwåd,ac:onf/ pdwåpdwåpdwåpdwåpdwåESifh ygwygwygwygwygwukd a&SUaemufjyef w-w-w-w-w-ukd acsí PsPsPsPsPsypönf;ouf £££££tm*kHvm&um; ygpdwåd, jzpfonf/ jrefrmjyefaomtcgygpdwf[k jyef\/ edó*¾doabm rygaomaMumifh ok'ÿgpdwf - ygpdwf-oufouf[k qkdonf/ apwemESihfwuG oifhtyfaom ygpdwftmywf-jzpfonfhtcg ukokdvfpdwfrsm; uG,faysmufaomaMumifh ]]ukokdvfpdwfukdusapwwfaom tmywf}}[k qkdonf/

ok'ÿgpdwf (92) yg;

1/ rkom0g'0*f odu©myk'f (10)yg;?

2/ blw*gr0*f odu©myk'f (10)yg;?

3/ Mo0g'0*f (10)yg;?

4/ abmZe0*f (10)yg;?

5/ tapvu0*f (10)yg;?

6/ ol&myge0*f (10)yg;?

7/ oyÜgPu0*f (10)yg;?

8/ o["r®du0*f (12)yg;?


9/ &we0*f (10)yg;?

þokdYvQif 0*ftm;jzifh (9)0*f? odu©myk'ftm;jzifh (92)yg; jzpfonf/

rkom0g'0*f odu©myk'f (10) yg;

1/ &[ef;\ odvsufcRwf,Gif;aompum;ukd ajymqkdjcif;aMumifh rkom-0g'ygpdwftmywfoifh\/

2/ &[ef;ukd EIwfvSHxkd;jcif;ç qJa&;jcif;aMumifh Moro0g'ygpdwf-tmywfoifh\/

3/ &[ef;wkdYukd acsmypfukef;wkdufjcif;aMumifh ayoknygpdwftmywfoifh\/

4/ vl omraPtm; ygVdt|uxmukd yk'fNydKifoHNydKif pmcsay;tHhy'aom"r®ygpdwftmywfoifh\/

5/ vlç omraPç wd&pämefESifh ESpfnOfh okH;nOfhxuftvGef wpfrkd;wpf&H-wnf;ausmif;ç tdrfç Z&yfü twl tdyftHh? yxr o[ao,sygpdwftmywfoifh\/

6/ rmwk*gr (trsKd;o®D;)ESifh wpfrkd;wpf&Hwnf;aom ausmif;ç tdrfçZ&yfwkdYü twltdyftHh? 'kwd, o[ao,sygpdwftmywf oifh\/

7/ odMum;vdr®maom a,mufsm;ukd MuOfxm;í rmwk*grtrsKd;o®D;tm;ig;yk'fajcmufyk'fxuf ykdvGefaom ygVdawmft|uxm"r®ukd a[m-Mum;tHh? "r®a'oemygpdwftmywfoifh\/

8/ vlç omraPtm; psmefr*fzkdvfw&m;ukd ajymMum;tHh? [kwfrSefonf-&Sdaomf blwma&mpeygpdwftmywfoifh\/

9/ ajymMum;cGifh or®Kwd&ol r[kwfbJ oHCm'daoof 'k|Kv’tmywfukdvlç omraPtm; ajymMum;tHh 'k|Kv’ma&mpeygpdwftmywfoifh\/


10/ ajrtppfjzpfaom Zmwyx0Dukd ukd,fwkdifwl;jcif;ç olwpfyg;ukdwl;ckdif;jcif;ç a&;jcpfjcif;ç rD;wkdufjcif;ç zsufqD;jcif;aMumifh yx0D-cPeygpdwftmywfoifh\/

1/ rkom0g'odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

orÜZme

rajymrD ajymcgeD;cPESifh ajymqJcPü tvGJtrSm;ukd rdrdu vdrf-ajymaeaMumif; odjcif; (trSm;ukd trSm;rSef;odjcif;)ukd ]orÜZme}[kqkdonf/ wcsKdUaomt&mü tvGJtrSm;ukd ajymqkdjyKvkyfaeaomfvnf;ukd,fwkdifurl trSef xifaewwf\/ xkdae&mrsKd;ü apwem rygírkom0g'tjypf r&Sd/

rkom0g'

r[kwfrSefaom 0w¬Kukd ]rkom}[k ac:\? a&Ttppfukd ]a&Tr[kwf}[k ajymqkd&mü ajymwkdif; r[kwfaomaMumifh xkda&Ttppfonfyif ]rkom}jzpf&avonf/ ]0g'} o'´gonf ]ajymjcif;} teuf&Sd\/ a,bk,senf;-wnf;/ rkom;ajymonf[k qkdxm;aomfvnf; vufvIyfç ajcvIyfç OD;acgif;ndwfç OD;acgif;&rf;ç pma&;om;í vdrfjcif;paom ukd,ft*Fgqkdif&mjzifhvdrfjcif;ukdyg ]0g'}t& oGif;,l&rnf/ xkdYaMumifh ukd,fEIwfwpfyg;yg;jzifhvdrfvnfvSnfhpm;aMumif; apwemudk rkom0g'[k rSwfyg/

rkom;qkdaom&[ef;tjypf (7) yg;ESifh tmywf (5) csuf

1/ Owå&drEkó"r®ukd ajymMum;jcif;tusKd;iSm rkom;qkdaom&[ef;yg&mZdu/

2/ trlvuyg&mZdujzifh pGyfpGJjcif;tusKd;iSm rkom;qkdaom&[ef;oHCm'daoof/


3/ oHCm'daoofjzifh pGyfpGJjcif; rkom;qkdaom&[ef; ygpdwf/

4/ trlvuxkv’pöOf;paom atmuftmywfig;ykHjzifh pGyfpGJjcif;aMumifh'kuú#f/

5/ ]]oif\ausmif;ü aeaom&[ef;um; &[EÅmjzpfonf}} paomy&d,m,fjzifh olwpfyg;uJhokdY oG,f0kdufí Owå&drEkó"r®ukd ajymMum;jcif;tusKd;iSm rkom;qkdaom &[ef;? em;axmifol odtHh xkv’pöOf;/

6/ xkdokdYajym&mü wpfzufom; em;rvnfvQif 'kuú#f/

7/ oufouf rkom;qkdaom&[ef; þodu©myk'fjzifh ygpdwfoifh\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) pwkw¬yg&mç oHCm'daoofç ygpdwfjzpfvwf?

'kuú#f xkv’pöOf;ç wpfcif;'kuú#fç ygpdwf xyfjym;?

ckepfyg; rkom;tjypfwnf;/ (bmom#D?222/)

rkom;qkduç tmyÍöç awG;q pDppf,l/ (ar'deD?158/)

2/ Moro0g'odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

&[ef;ukd qJa&;jcif;aMumifh Moro0g' ygpdwftmywfoifh\/ bdu©KeDrrsm;ESifh vlç omraPrsm;ukd qJa&;jcif;aMumifhum; 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/

qJa&;aMumif;pum; (qJqkdaom pum;vkH;)rsm;ukd EIwfvSH (vSHESifh-wlaom EIwf)[k ac:\/ xkdpum;vkH;rsm;ukd ajymqkdqJa&;jcif;onfem;vnf;rcHom pdwfESvkH;vnf; rcHomatmif&Sdí vSHjzifh xkd;ouJhokdYjzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh Moro0g' (= EIwfvSHxkd;jcif;)[k teufay;Muonf/

tauúmo0w¬K

trsKd;trnf ponfukd xdyg;ykwfcwfí qJjcif;ponfjzifh ukdifwG,fxdyg;zG,f t&m0w¬Krsm;ukd tauúmo0w¬K (= qJa&;aMumif;0w¬K)[k


ac:\/ xkdtauúmo0w¬KwkdYum; (10)rsKd; &Sd\/

1/ Zmwd = trsKd;Zmwf?2/ emr = emrnf?3/ a*gwå = tEG,f?4/ ur® = ol\tvkyftukdif?5/ odyÜ = twwfynm?6/ tmAm" = olUrSm&Sdaeaom tema&m*g?7/ vd*F = ol\ tcsKd;usç rus ykHoP²mef?8/ udavo = olUrSmjzpfwwfaom avmbç a'goç rmeç £ómç

rpä&d, ponf...9/ tmywåd = olwpfyg;ü oifha&mufaeaom tmywftjypf?

10/ tauúmo = arxkefESifh pyfívnf;aumif;ç a,mufsm;t*FgZmwfçrdef;rt*FgZmwfESifh pyfívnf;aumif;ç [JhacG; [JhEGm;ponfjzifhvnf;aumif;ç qJa&;jcif;?

þokdYvQif Moro0g'ygpdwf tmywfoifhzkd Y&m tauúmo0w¬K(10)yg; &Sd\/

Zmwd emr a*gwå ur®H? odyÜH tmAm" vd*ØuH?Zmwd emr a*gwå ur®H? odyÜH tmAm" vd*ØuH?Zmwd emr a*gwå ur®H? odyÜH tmAm" vd*ØuH?Zmwd emr a*gwå ur®H? odyÜH tmAm" vd*ØuH?Zmwd emr a*gwå ur®H? odyÜH tmAm" vd*ØuH?udavomywåd tauúmaom? 'o 0da"mwd 0kpöa&/udavomywåd tauúmaom? 'o 0da"mwd 0kpöa&/udavomywåd tauúmaom? 'o 0da"mwd 0kpöa&/udavomywåd tauúmaom? 'o 0da"mwd 0kpöa&/udavomywåd tauúmaom? 'o 0da"mwd 0kpöa&/

tmywftrsKd;rsKd;oifhykH

xkdtauúmo0w¬K wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifh &[ef;ukd wkduf½kdufqJrl ygpdwf?wkduf½kdufr[kwfbJ oG,f0kduf&nfñTef;í qJrl 'kuú#f? vlç omraPçbdu©KeDrwkdYtm; qJrl 'kuú#fyif/ ygVdawmfrS tvGwfjzpfaom [Jholckd;ponfjzifh qJrlvnf; 'kuú#f? qJa&;vkdí r[kwfbJ &,fjrL;aysmf&Tifvkdí(atmifr,f rif;om;BuD; vmoukd;) ponfjzifh ajymjcif;? vlxGm;BuD;


vmNyDa[hç ynm&SdBuD;vmNyDa[h ponfjzifh ajymjcif;[lorQwdkYü 'kAÇmoD-tmywf[k rSwf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) rnfç EG,fç rIç Zmwf? emç oGifç wwf? udywfqJ q,fyg;/wkduf½kdufqJrl? ygpdwf[l? &nfrl 'kuú#fMum;/vl eD omraP? qJwkHay? axGaxG 'kuú#fjim;/ygVdvGwfrI? qJjcif;jyK? rSwf½I 'kuú#fxm;/

3/ ayoknodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

&[ef;wpfyg;u &[ef;wpfyg;tm; Zmwdpaom tauúmo0w¬KjzifhqJ&mü qJoHukd Mum;aom &[ef;u ukef;acsmaomtm;jzifh aqmifykdY-jcif;ukd ]bdu©Kayokn}]bdu©Kayokn}]bdu©Kayokn}]bdu©Kayokn}]bdu©Kayokn}[k ac:\/ ayoknygpdwfoifh\/ tauúmo0w¬KrSwpfyg; tjcm;qJenf;jzifh qJonfukd ykdYvQif 'kuú#f? vlç omç raPçbdu©KeDrwkdYukd ukef;wkduf&müvnf; 'kuú#f/

ydowd =ydowd =ydowd =ydowd =ydowd = rdwfaqG ESpfOD;ukd uGJjym;atmif Budwfajcwwf\/ £w£w£w£w£wdddd d =====xkdYaMumifh/ ydokaem = ydokaem = ydokaem = ydokaem = ydokaem = ydokeyk*¾dKvf rnf\/ ydokeó =ydokeó =ydokeó =ydokeó =ydokeó = rdwfaqGESpfyg;uGJjym;atmif Budwfajcwwfol\/ ur®H =ur®H =ur®H =ur®H =ur®H = trIvkyfief;onf (ukef;acsmp-um; ajymrIonf) ayoknrnf\/ ydokeaemif ur®teufü Psypönf;}Es}ukd ]n}jyK ]yd}\ ]£}ukd ]{}jyKí ]ayokn}[k NyD;onf/

(wpfenf;) ydowd bdEéH ua&mwDwd ydokem? (0gpm) uGJjym;atmifjyKwwfaom pum;/ ydokear0 ayoknH ]Ps}ypönf; ]n}jyK? ¤if;pum;-ukdyif &ap/

(wpfenf;) ydowd bdEéH ua&mwDwd ydokaem? (bdu©K) ydoke-ó ur®H ayoknH? &[ef;\ ukef;acsmrI pum;ukd &ap/

(wpfenf;) yd,ó bma0g yda,m (bm0 aemufyk'faus)? yd,-awm okanm yd,okanm? cspfonftjzpfrS qdwfjcif;ukd &ap/ yd,-


oknó u&PH ayoknH? ]yd,oknu&} [kqkdtyfvQuf ed½kwådenf;-tm;jzifh ]yd,}ukd ]ay}? ]u&}ukd acsí ]ayokn}[k ½kyfNyD;onf? cspfonf-tjzpfrS qdwfjcif;ukd jyKwwfaom pum;ukd &ap/ rkef;atmif jyKwwf-aom pum;[l\/ ukef;acsmpum;ç uwkef;uwkduf jyKvkyfaom pum;[lvkd/

4/ y'aom"r®odu©myk'f

vlç omraPç oDv&SifwkdYtm; oHNydKifpmcsay;vQif ygpdwftmywfoifh\/ &[ef;csif;jzpfapç bdu©KeDrtm;jzpfap oHNydKifpmcs&müum;tmywfroifh? ]"r®}t& o*Fg,emokH;wefwifaom ygVdawmf t|uxm-"r®ç o*Fg,em rwifaom &maZm0g' paom "r®rsKd;ukd ,lyg/ wpfpkHwpf-a,mufu pDukH;a&;om;tyfaom ygVdrsm;ESifh ar@uyO§mç rdvdEyO§m-wkdYuJhokdY rdrdÓPftm; xifonfukd a[maompum;rsKd;ukd r,l&/ wjcm;bmom jrefrmedó,teufrsm;ukd oHNydKifcsaomfvnf; tmywf roifh/

]y'aom}ü rSwfom;zG,f

]y'}o'´gonf tpk[laom teufukd a[m\/ aom-ypönf;um;0dpämteuf? xkdYaMumifh ]]y'H y'H = aum|moH aum|moH = tpktpk}}[kzGifhMuonf/ y'aom = yk'fwkdif; yk'fwkdif;? (0g ) tzkdYwkdif; tzkdYwkdif;?(0g) tpktpktm;jzifh teufay;/ a&S;u y'aom = yk'fNydKif[k teuf-ay;ukd qifjcif pOf;pm;oifh\/

]y'}av;rsKd;

y'ç tEky'ç tEGu©&ç tEkAsÍÆe-[k av;rsKd; jym;\/ xkdwGif *gxmüa&SUyg'ukd y'y'y'y'y'ç aemufyg'ukd tEky'çtEky'çtEky'çtEky'çtEky'ç wpfvkH;aom tu©&mukd tEGu©&çtEGu©&çtEGu©&çtEGu©&çtEGu©&ça&SUyk'fESifhwlaom aemufyk'fukd tEkAsÍÆe/tEkAsÍÆe/tEkAsÍÆe/tEkAsÍÆe/tEkAsÍÆe/

(wpfenf;)(wpfenf;)(wpfenf;)(wpfenf;)(wpfenf;) 0dbwftqkH; &Sdaom a&SUyk'fukd y'çy'çy'çy'çy'ç 0dbwftqkH;&Sdaom


aemufyk'fukd tEky'ç tEky'ç tEky'ç tEky'ç tEky'ç wpfvkH;aom tu©&mukd tEGu©&çtEGu©&çtEGu©&çtEGu©&çtEGu©&ç 0dbwfr&Sd-aom tu©&mtaygif;ukd tEkAsÍÆetEkAsÍÆetEkAsÍÆetEkAsÍÆetEkAsÍÆe[k qkdonf/ (ar'deD?263/)

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) *gxmürSm? yxrm? yg'g y'qkd/'kwd,[k? aemufyk'fpk? tEky'qkd/wpfvkH;aom tuf? ,if;ukdvQuf? tEGu©&qkd/a&SUyk'fwljyK? aemufyk'fpk? tEkAsÍÆeqkd/

(pkPÖd,)(pkPÖd,)(pkPÖd,)(pkPÖd,)(pkPÖd,) 0dbwfqkH;ae? a&SUyk'fay? rSwfav y'qkd/0dbwfqkH;jyK? aemufyk'fpk? rSwfav y'qkd/wpfenf;rSmpGuf? wpfvkH;tuf? tEGu©&qkd/"duif;tufpk? taygif;jyK? tEkAsÍÆeqkd/

vlç omraPwkdYukd oHNydKifpmayykdYcs&mü ygVdawmf t|uxmrsm;jzpfvQif tmywfrS vGwf&ef cJ,Of;aomaMumifh oHNydKifrjzpfrdatmifowdjyKoifh\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) tcsDtcs? NydKifwlus? rSwfMu y'NydKif/tcsD rrQ? NydKifwlcs? tEky'NydKif/tpwpfck? NydKifwljyK? tEkEGu©&NydKif/tedpöESpfck? NydKifwljyK? tEkAsÍÆeNydKif/

tmywfroifhykHrsm;

0gap,s - ykdYcstHh[k qkdaomaMumifh oHNydKifpmcsrS tmywfoifhonf/pmcsaom t&mr[kwfvQif tmywfroifh? xkdYaMumifh omraPESifh&[ef; wGJí NydKifwlqkd pmwufMu&müvnf;aumif;ç wGJí pmjyef&müvnf;aumif;ç omraPtxH &[ef;u pmwuf&müvnf;aumif;çy&dwf&Gwf&müvnf;aumif; oHNydKifqkdrdaomfvnf; tmywfroifh[k rSwf/


5/ yxro[ao,s odu©myk'f

wpfrkd;wpf&Hwnf;aom ausmif;ü vlç omraPç wd&pämefwkdYESifhtwl (3)nOfhxufykdí tdyfvQif ygpdwftmywfoifh\/

tkwfç ausmufç t*Fawç jrufç opf&Guftrkd; ig;yg;wkdYwGif wpfrsKd;rsKd;ESifh rkd;í tvkH;pkHtrdk; &Sdaomç rsm;aom trkd;&Sdí t,kwfqkH;t0wfjzifh rkd;aom? tvkH;pHktum&Sdç rsm;aomtm;jzifh tum&Sdaomausmif; jzpfvQif tmywfoifhonf/ (t,kwfqkH;tm;jzifh vuform;tawmiftm;jzifh wpfawmifhxGm jrifhvQif t&Htum jzpfonf/)

(aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) (aqmif) tkwfç ausmufç t*Fawç jrufç yaPÖ? ig;axG trkd;wnf;/

tmywfoifhykHrsm;

qkdcJhNyD;aom ausmif;wkdYü tEkyorÜEéESifhtwl okH;nOhfywfvkH; tdyfNyD;í av;ckajrmufaom nOfhü ae0ifonfrSpí tEkyorÜEéta&twGuf-tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;ç xNyD; jyeftdyfjcif;ü tdyfjcif;ta&twGuftm;jzifhvnf;aumif; nDrQaom ygpdwftmywf oifh\/ vlç omraPç wd&pämefta&twGufrsm;oavmuf tdyfaomtBudrf rsm;oavmuf tmywfawGwkd;yGm;onf/ (wd&pämef[l&müum; yg&mZduavmufaom wd&pämeftBuD;pm;rsm;wnf;? tdrfajr§mif ykd;[yf ponfwkdYum; o[ao,sravmufMuí tmywfroifh/)

o[ao,s [if;av;tkd;

t½kPfwufatmif okH;nOhftjynfh tdyfNyD;vQifum; av;&ufajrmufaeY ae0ifvQif vlç omraPç wd&pämef&Sd&m (o[ao,savmufaom)ausmif; tdrfponfü OD;acgif; rcs&? OD;acgif;csrdonfESifh wpfNydKifeuftmywfoifh\/ xkdOD;acgif;csNyD;aemuf t½kPfrwufapumrl tmywfrSrvGwfawmhNyD? ig;&ufajrmufaeY ae0ifvQif vl ponf&Sd&mausmif;ü


OD;acgif;cstdyfu o[ao,stmywf qufjyef\/ þenf;twkdif; vlçomraP&Sd&mausmif;ü qufumqufum tdyfoGm;vQif (t½kPfrwufcif xaomfvnf;) tmywf tqufrjywfacs/ þokdY tqufrjywfoifhaeaom tmywfwkdYukd ]o[ao,s [if;av;tkd;}[k ac:½kd;jyKMuonf/

o[ao,sjzwfenf;

tqufrjywfEkdifaom o[ao,stmywfudk jzwfvkdvQif ae0if-NyD;aemuf vlponfwkdY &Sd&mausmif;ü OD;acgif; rcsrdapbJ vlponfr&Sd&m (&[ef;wkdYcsnf; &Sd&m) ausmif;üjzpfapç vGifjyifüjzpfap tdyf&rnf/þokdY tdyfvQif o[ao,s tqufjywf\/ aemufxyf okH;nOfh vlponfwdkYESifhtwl okH;nOfh t½kPfwufatmif tdyfcGifhwpfzef &jyef\/

tdrfç um;ç &xm; ponfwkdYü owdxm;zG,f

ESpfxyfokH;xyfponf txyfrsm;pGm&Sdaom tdrfausmif;wkdYü twGif;-u avSum; wyfxm;vQif txyftm;vkH;yif o[ao,s jzpfEkdif\/tjyifavSum; wyfxm;ojzifh tay:xyfESifh atmufxyf tquf-toG,f r&SdvQifum; o[ao,s rjzpfEkdif/

tdrftwGif;cef;wkdYü toD;tjcm; umxm;NyD; wHcg;ydwfyif &Sdap-umrl o[ao,s jzpfaumif;onf/ rD;oabFmü &Gufxnft0wf tumcsxm;vQifvnf; o[ao,s jzpfaumif;onf/ rD;&xm;ç armfawmfum;ponfwkdYü wpfwGJwnf; wpfqufwnf;wkYdü o[ao,syif jzpf\/o[ao,s vGwfvkdu yufvufukvm;xkdifay:ü ajcESpfbuf rwifbJatmufMurf;jyifay:rSm ajcukd xdvsuf tdyfvQifum; o[ao,svGwf\/ OD;acgif;rcsbJ xkdifí tdyfvQif eH&Hponf rSDí tdyfvQifo[ao,sygpdwftmywf roifh [l\/ xuf0uftrkd; xuf0uftum-&Sdaom ausmif;rsKd;üum; 'kuú#f/


6/ 'kwd, o[ao,s

rmwk*grESifhtwl wpfrkd;wpf&Hwnf;aom ausmif;ç tdrfç Z&yfponfü tdyfvQif ygpdwftmywf oifh\/ a&SUodu©myk'ft& vla,mufsm;çwd&pämef (txD;)rsm;ESifh okH;nOfh tdyfcGifh &ao;\/ þodu©myk'fü rmwk-*grESifh twlwuG wpfnOhfrQ (ae0ifonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf) tdyfcGifh(OD;acgif;cscGifh) r&awmhacs/ yg&mZduavmufaom tjcm;wd&pämefr-rsm;ESifh twltdyf&müum; 'kuú#f tmywfoifh\/

tpdwåutmywf

vGefusL;vkdaom apwem r&SdbJç rodbJ oifha&mufaom tmywf-rsKd;ukd tpdwåtmywf[k ac:\/ þo[ao,s ESpfyk'fvnf; tpdwåu-yifwnf;/ xkdYaMumifh rmwk*grç vlç omraP ponfwkdY &SdrSef;rodí0ifa&muftdyfvQif vnf;aumif;ç rdrd tdyfae&mt&yfokdY rmwk*grpolwkdYrdrd rodbJ 0ifa&muftdyfvQifvnf;aumif; tmywfrS rvGwf? o[-ao,sygpdwftmywfrsm; oifh\/

'd0gao,s odu©myk'f

yxryg&mZdu 0deDw0w¬K ygVdawmfü aeYtcg tdyfaom &[ef;onf rdrdESifh oufqkdifaom wHcg;ukd ydwf&rnf/ tcef;wGif; tdyfvQiftcef;wHcg;ukdydwf ausmif;aqmifwGif; tdyfvQif ausmif;wHcg;ydwfítdyf&rnf/ rydwfbJ tdyfvQif 'd0gao,s odu©myk'ft& 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/

trsm;ESifhqkdifaom ausmif;tcef;rsm;üum; aemuf0ifrnfhyk*¾dKvfydwfvdrfhrnf[k ESvkH;oGif;í tdyf&rnf/ wHcg;apmifh&SdvQif rSmxm;íjzpfapç olapmifhvdrfhrnf[k ESvkH;oGif;íjzpfap tdyfaumif;\/ xkdokdYESvkH;roGif;rdbJ tdyfvQif 'kuú#fyif jzpfonf/


ywåmwyfxm;aomç qkHi,fwyfxm;aom wHcg;rsm;om ydwf&rnf?qGJwHcg; uJvm;jywif;aygufrsm; ydwfzG,fvkdrnf rxif/

(bmom#Dum?231/)

tmywfoifhykHrsm;

rmwk*grt& t,kwfqkH; xkdaeYarG;zGm;aom touf&SifqJaomvlrdef;rukd ,l/ ukd,fxif&Sm;&Sdaom bDvl;rç Nydwåmrç arxkefavmufaom0w¬Kjzpfaom wd&pämefrç y@Kufa,mufsm;ç ObawmAsnf;wkdYum; 'kuú#f?ukd,fxif&Sm; r&Sdaom bDvl;rç Nydwåmrç arxkefravmufaom wd&pämefrwkdYü temywåd/

rdef;rtavmif;aumif

aoNyD;aom rdef;ronf yg&mZdu0w¬Kyif jzpfaomfvnf; tEkyg-'dEéutzkdYü wnfaomaMumifh o[ao,stmywf roifh[k qkdMu\/um,oHo*¾&m*jzifh ukdifvQif tavmif;aumif rysufao;vQifxkv’pöOf;ç tavmif;aumif ysufvQif 'kuú#f? rmwk*gr\ okH;pGJ&efjzpfaom(vSLNyD;r[kwfaom) t0wfrsm;ukd ukdifvQifvnf; 'kuú#f/

(aqmif) xuf0uf rysufç pyf,Suf yg&m?xuf0uf ysufuç xkv’pö,m?ndKrnf;ykyfyGç jzpfx aumifrSm?rSD0Jvwfç 'kuú#f tmywfom/ (yg&mZdu jyefMunfh?)

7/ "r®a'oemodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

teD;tem;ü em;vnfola,mufsm; r&SdbJ rmwk*grtm; wpf-a,mufvQif ajcmufcGef;usxuf ykdí ygVd t|uxm"r®ukd a[mvQifygpdwf? em;vnfaom a,mufsm;[lonf ]½kd;½kd;om;om; ajymaom pum;}]qef;qef;jym;jym;ajymaom pum;}[k cGJjcm;Ekdifavmufolwnf;/ ]0d*¾[}


o'gESifh vmorQ ta,mifaqmifxm;olukd r,l&? vlpifppfa,mufsm;\ukd,fukdom ,l&rnf/ rmwk*gr[lonfvnf; xkduJhokdYaom pum;rsKd;ukdem;vnfavmufaom rdef;rwnf;/

jrefrmbmompum;jzifh w&m;pum;ajym&mü tem;ü a,mufsm;r&SdbJ ajcmufcGef;xufykdí ajymaomfvnf; tmywfroifh? ,ckumvoDvay;rsm;ü ]]Ak'H o&PH *pämrd}} ponfjzifh ygVdawG ygaeaomfvnf;"r®a'oemoabmw&m;a[m r[kwfaomaMumifh tmywfoifhzG,fr&Sd[k qkdMu\/ (bmom#Dum?232/)

jrefrmvkd o&P*kHay;jcif; oDvay;jcif;om ykdíaumif;rnf xifyg-onf/ 0denf;"kd&f q&mawmfBuD;rsm; ygVdvkd oDvay;rIukd a&SmifMuOfawmf-rlMuonf/ a,mufsm;wpfOD; teD;tem;rSm xm;í oDvay;awmfrlMu-onfukdvnf; awGUzl;ygonf/

tmywfoifhykHrsm;

vla,mufsm;ç a,mifaqmifxm;aombDvl;ç wd&pämefç NydwåmwkdYESifhtwlwuGwnf&Sdaom rdef;rtm; w&m;a[maomfvnf; ygpdwftmywf?bDvl;rç Nydwåmrç wd&pämefrç y@KufwkdYtm; w&m;a[maom &[ef;tm;'kuú#f/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) bDvl;ç NydwåHç wd&pämefrç y@uç a[mjy 'kuú#m/

tmywfroifhykHrsm;

xkdifx£&d,mykxfukd ajymif;í w&m;a[mvQif ajcmufcGef;aygif;rsm;pGm a[mEkdif\/ rmwk*grrsm; xkdifae&müvnf; wpfa,mufvQifajcmufcGef;pDus rSef;íjzpfapç ajcmufcGef;pDa[mrnf[k ajymíjzpfapa[mEkdifonf/


ykpämar;u ajzcGifh&

rmwk*gru ]]'DCedum,fqkdwm b,fvkdtaMumif;t&mukd jyaomedum,fygvJbk&m;}} ponfjzifh ar;vmvQif 'DCedum,fygVdawmft|uxmtm;vkH;yif a[maumif;onf/ rar;bJ w&m;a[mvQifomajcmufcGef;xuf ykd&mü tmywfoifhonf/

t*Fg (5) yg; owdjyKoifh

1/ ygVdt|uxm"r®ukd ajcmufcGef;xuf ykdí a[mjcif;?

2/ wwfodem;vnfavmufaom rmwk*grjzpfjcif;?

3/ £&d,mykxf tajymif;tvGJ r&Sdjcif;?

4/ wwfodem;vnfol a,mufsm; r&Sdjcif;?

5/ jyóem ajzaomt&m r[kwfjcif; - aygif; 5-yg;wnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) "r®ajcmufck? ykdatmifjyKom;? rmwk*gr? em;vnfpGESifh?,myx£&d? rajymif;rdbJ? wwfoda,mufsm;? eD;em; ryg?jyóem ajzcif;? r[kwfjcif;[k? aMumif;&if; ig;vD? t*FgnD?oifhNyD "r®a'oe/

tmywfqkH;jzwf&mü vG,fulap&ef t*Fgrsm;yg a&;vkdufonf/

8/ blwma&mpe odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

blw =blw =blw =blw =blw = [kwfrSefonfukd/ tma&mpe =tma&mpe =tma&mpe =tma&mpe =tma&mpe = ajymMum;jcif;/

psmefç r*fç zkdvfukd &NyD;aom &[ef;onf rdrd psmefr*fzkdvf&aMumif;ukdvlç omraPtm; trSeftwkdif;ajymvQif ygpdwf? (rdrd r&bJ psmefr*fzkdvf&onf[k vdrfajymvQifum; yg&mZdu? Owå&drEkó"r®odu©myk'f jyefMunfh??) omoemawmf\ rGefjrwfykHukd olwkdYtm;vnf; tm;usapvkdçtm;wufapvkdí bdu©Kç bdu©KeDwkdYtm; trSeftwkdif; ajymaumif;\?


tmywf roifh? em;axmifol vlç omraPu em;axmifqJcP csufcsif;odrS þblwma&mpeygpdwftmywfoifh\/ csufcsif;rodrl 'kuú#f?y&d,m,ftm;jzifh oG,f0kduf ajymMum;&mü ododçrodod 'kuú#fom?ajymoifhaom taMumif;&Sdí bdu©Kç bdu©KeDwkdYtm; ajymaom &[ef;çtm'dur®du&[ef; tmywfroifh/

temywådü Or®wåu r,l&

t&d,myk*¾dKvfwkdYtm; Or®wåuponf r&Sdaumif;/ psmevmbDyk*¾dKvf-wkdYü ½l;jcif;ponf jzpfvwfaomf psmefrS avQmusukef\/ xkdYaMumifhpsmevmbDESifh t&d,myk*¾dKvfwkdYukd Or®wåuü r,l&/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) psmefr*fzkdvf? Owåd&d&,fu? rdrdü &SdonfrSef?oraPvlygaESm? ajymjyrdjyef?csufcsif;vnf;od[ef? rñTef;jyef olrsm;?tifav;jzm? tpkHuyfvQifv?ygpdwåd blwmywf&,fu? qkH;jzwf rrSm;/

(txl;)(txl;)(txl;)(txl;)(txl;) þodu©myk'fonf ynwfawmfukd rodaomfvnf; tmywfoifh&um; tpdwåutmywfwnf;/ þt&mü t&d,mt&SifjrwfwkdYonfynwfawmfukdodvsuf rvGefusL;ukef/ ykxkZefwkdYum; bk&m; tmPm-awmfukd vGefusL;aom Av0tukokdvfapwemaMumifh psmefrS avQmusukef\/ ynwfawmfukd rodukefaom psmevmbD ykxkZefwkdYonf 0w¬Küavmb\tpGrf;jzifh tukokdvfpdwfjzifhvnf; ajymMum;jcif; &SdEkdifukef-ao;\/ (ar'deD?272/)

9/ 'k|Kv’ma&mpe odu©myk'f

&[ef;wpfyg; oHCm'daoof tmywfoifhonfukd rdrdu or®Kwd&olr[kwfbJ vlç omraPtm; ajymvQif ygpdwftmywfoifh\/


'k|Kv’t& yg&mZdutmywfukdyg &oifhaomfvnf; aemif a&Smif-MuOf&ef ajymqkdcGifh&aom or®Kwday;jcif;ukd axmufí þü oHCm'd-aoofukdom ,l&rnf/

or®Kwday;ykH

oHCmpnf;a0;NyD;aemuf oHCmhtv,frSm ]]OK;wdó\ 'k|Kv’tmywfukd vlç omraPtm; ajymEkdifzkdY&ef OK;"r®ukd orkwfygonf/}}oabmwlvQif qdwfqdwfaeyg/ þokdY (3)Budrf ajymí or®Kwday;&-onf/

yg&mZdutmywf oifhNyD;jzpfvQif aemifa&SmifMuOfzkdY rvkdawmh-aomaMumifh or®Kwd&aom &[ef;u ajymaomfvnf; xkd&[ef;twGuftusKd;r&SdawmhNyD/

0w¬KESifh tmywf wGJajymrS

]]OK;wdóonf oHCm'daooftmywfoifh\}}[k tmywfukdomajymonf jzpfap? ]]OK;wdóonf okuú0dó|dtrIukd jyK\}}[k 0w¬Kukdomajymonfjzpfap tmywfroifhao;? ]]OK;wdóonf oku0dó|dtrIukdjyKaomaMumifh oHCm'daooftmywfoifh\}}[k 0w¬KESifhtmywf wGJíajymrSom ygpdwftmywfoifhonf/

atmuftmywfig;ykHukd ajymMum;vQif 'kuú#f? omraPwkdY\ vGef-usL;rIukd ajymvQif'kuú#f? omraPrsm;\ ygPmwdygwpaom a&SUig;yg;-onf 'k|Kv’? 0dumvabmZe ponfESifh oHCm'daoofvm okuú0dó|dpaom trIrsm;ukd vGefusL;jcif;onf t'k|Kv’ rMurf;aom tjypfrsm;wnf;/ omraPwkdY\ 'k|Kv’ç t'k|Kv’ tZÑmpm&wkdYukd ajymMum;aom&[ef;tm;vnf; 'kuú#ftmywfyif oifhonf/


10/ yx0DcPe odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

ajrtppf Zmwyx0Dukd ukd,fwkdifwl;vQifvnf;aumif;çolwpfyg;ukdwl;ckdif;vQifvnf;aumif; ygpdwf? wl;jcif;wpfrsKd;omru azmufcGJjcif;çjcpfjcif;ç rD;wkdufjcif; paom zsufqD;jcif; tm;vkH;ukd ,lyg/

yx0DtrsKd;rsKd;

Zmwyx0Dç tZmwyx0D[k ESpfrsKd; &Sdonf/ xkdwGif Zmwyx0D[lonf ajrjzpfNyD;aom yx0D (ajrtrsKd;wGif yg0ifaom yx0D)wnf;/tZmwyx0D[lonfum; ajrtrsKd;wGif ryg0ifaom yx0Dwnf;/

Zmwyx0D (3) rsKd;

Zmwyx0Dvnf;-1/ ok'¨yx0D 2/ rdóuyx0D 3/ ykÍÆyx0D-tm;jzifh okH;rsKd; jym;\/

1/ ok'¨yx0D[lonf ausmufponfESifh ra&maom jrLrIef (zkH) ouf-ouf (okdYr[kwf) ajrnuf oufouf yHokrwdåumwkdYwnf;/(ajrrIefYçjrLrIefYç zkH[kac:aom tay:,Hajrukd ]yHok}[k ac:\/ jrLrIefwkdY\atmufü&Sdaom ajrom;ukd rwådum[k ac:onf/)

2/ rdóuyx0D[lonf ausmufç ausmufp&pfç tkd;jcrf;uGJç ausmuf-jyKwfoJwkdYwGif wpfckckESifhajr (yHokrwådum)um; ESpfzkdY ausmuf ponfwkdYum; wpfzkdY þokYd okH;zkdYwpfzkdY a&maeaom ajrwnf;/

3/ ykÍÆyx0D[lonf rkdCf;av;vxuf tvGef rkdCf;pGwfNyD;aom ajrrIefYçjrLrIHç ajrpkdifwkdYwnf;/

þü vufqkyfyrmPxuf vGefaom qifyrmPatmuf ,kwfaom ausmufonf ygomPygomPygomPygomPygomP (= ausmuf) rnf\/ yJaemufaphyrmPrSpí vufqkyfyrmP&Sdaom ausmufonf ou©& ou©& ou©& ou©& ou©& (= ausmufp&pf)rnf\/ ausmufp&pfç oJwkdYpkí ausmufjzpfaeaom ausmufonf r½krÁr½krÁr½krÁr½krÁr½krÁ


(= ausmufjyKwf)rnf\/ ausmuftrIefav;rsm;um; r½k r½k r½k r½k r½k (=oJwkdY)wnf;/qifyrmPxufBuD;vQif yAÁw yAÁw yAÁw yAÁw yAÁw (= ausmufawmif)[k ac:\/ þokdYyAÁwç ygomPç ou©&ç r½krÁç r½kwkdYukd rSwfav/

ykÍÆyx0DESifh pyfí vGifjyif&Sd jcawmifykdY jctdrfrsm;ESifh yeftkd;üxnfhxm;tyfaom ajrrsm;vnf; yxrwpfBudrf rkdCf;pGwfNyD;aemufav;vMumvQif Zmwyx0DwGif yg0ifMuonf/ rwl;aumif;ç rzsufaumif;[k rSwfyg/

qkdtyfNyD;aom ausmufponfwkdYESifh wpf0uf wpf0ufxuf rsm;-vQif ajrnufursm;vQif rdóuyx0Donfvnf;aumif;? ausmufzsm-ay:üaeaom odrfarGUaom jrLrIefonfvnf;aumif;ç wpfBudrf rkd;pGwf-NyD;í av;vvGefaom ykÍÆyx0Donfvnf;aumif;ç rD;ravmifao;aomajronfvnf;aumif; Zmwyx0D ac:onf/ rtyfaom tuyÜd,ajr[l\/

tZmwyx0D (3) rsKd;

1/ ok'¨yx0D = ausmufcJoufouf paom yx0Dwnf;/

2/ rdóuyx0D = ajrrIefYç ajrnuftenf;i,f ausmufcJponfrsm;rsm;a&maeaom ajr/

3/ ykÍÆyx0D = av;vatmuf ,kwfavsmhí rkdCf;pGwfpkdaomjrLrIefYç ajrnuf tpktykHwkdYwnf;/

rD;avmifxm;aomajr okH;zkdYwpfzdkYxuf tvGef ausmufponfa&maomajrç av;vatmuf avsmhaom rkdCf;pGwfaom ajrokH;rsKd;udktZmwyx0D[k ac:onf/ tyfaom uyÜd,ajrwkdYwnf;/

tmywfoifh�ç roifh

xkdZmwyx0DwGif yg0ifaom ok'¨yHokç ok'¨rwådumç rdóyHokç


rdórwådumrsm; wl;azmufcGJzsuf rD;wkdufjcif;ç ajcç vufç wkwfwkdYjzifhjcpfjcif;ç a&;om;jcif;ç t,kwfojzifh ajrysufatmif usifi,fukd jyif;jyif;pGefYjcif;wkdYwGif wpfckckjyKvQif ygpdwf? xkdZmwyx0Day:ü oydwfzkwf&efçqkd;&nfusKd&ef rD;arT;vQif rD;wkduf&ma&mufí ygpdwfyif/

xkdZmwyx0Dukdyif opfwkH;vSdrfh&if;ç awmifa0S;axmuf&if;ç wHjrufvSnf;&if; ysufapaomfvnf; zsufvkdaom pdwfr&SdvQif tmywfroifh?Zmwyx0DwGif ryg0ifaom tkwfç ausmufponfwkdY rsm;pGmygaomajrç rD;avmifNyD;aom ajrç rkd;rpGwfao;aom ajrç rkdCf;pGwfaomfvnf;av;vrjynfhao;aom ajrykH awmifykdY jctdrfrsm;ukd zsufqD;aomfvnf;tmywfroifh/

tyfaom ckdif;enf;

þwGif;ukdç þajrukd uyÜdprf; odprf;? þajrjzifh tvkd&Sdonf þ-ajrukd ,lcJhprf; paom ckdif;jcif;rsm;onf tyfaom ckdif;jcif;wnf;/ ae&m-ukd rowfrSwfbJ ]ajraygufvkduf wGif;wl;vkduf} ponfjzihf ckdif;aomf-vnf; tmywfroifh? okdY&mwGif ]]uyÜdprf;? odprf;}} paom tokH;rsm;ukdokH;rdatmif tavhtusifhjzpfatmif okH;pGJoifhayonf/

rtyfaom ckdif;enf;

þajrukd wl;prf;ç þwGif;ukdk wl;prf;ç þajrukd cGJprf;ç azmufprf;çNzdKzsufprf;ç rD;wkdufprf; ponfjzifh ajrukd wkduf½kdufñTefjyí ckdif;jcif;onfrtyfaom ckdif;jcif;wnf;? tmywfoifh\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) 1/ZmwçtZmw? ESpfckrQ? jym;x yx0D/ 2/ ok'ç rdó? yÍöokH;0?jym;ukefMu? Zmw yx0D/ 3/ oufoufajrukd? ok'¨ qkd&? oHausmuf pa&m? rdóaum? rSwfavm okH;zkdYwpfzkdYwnf;/ 4/ausmufenf; ajrrsm;? a&mrlum;? a[mMum;Zmwwnf;/ 5/


rdkCf;av;vcH? ajrykHrSef? ac:&ef ykÍÆwnf;/ qkdNyD; yrmP?vGefa&mxajr? rD;avmifajry? tZmw? ac:&avownf;/ 7/Zmwyx0D? 8/ tuyÜD? uyÜDZmwwnf;/ (ar'deD?275/)

t*Fg (3) yg;

1/ Zmwyx0Djzpfjcif; 2/ Zmwyx0DrSef; odjcif;? (trSwfwrJh rodbJjcpfrdç wl;rd&mü temywåd/) 3/ wl;jcif;ç wl;apjcif;wkdYwnf;/

2/ blw*gr0*f

1/ BuD;yGm;qJ BuD;yGm;NyD;aom opfyiftaygif;ukd zsufqD;jcif;aMumifhblw*grygwAs ygpdwftmywfoifh\/

2/ tn0g'u uHjyKNyD;aemuf tar;wjcm; tajzwvGJ ajymqkdrI-aMumifh tn0g'u ygpdwfwpfcsuf oifh\/

3/ or®Kwd&xm;aom &[ef;ukd uJh&JUjcif;aMumifh OZÑmyeuygpdwf/½Iwfcsjcif;aMumifh cd,seuygpdwf/

4/ oHCdujzpfaom anmifapmif;ç ukwifç xkdifckHç bkHvQKdç cwftcif;wkdYukd ukd,fwkdifcif; olwpfyg;wkdYukd cif;apNyD;í xkdoHCdu anmif-apmif; paom tcif;wkdYukd ukd,fwkdifvnf; rodrf;qnf;? olwpfyg;-ukdvnf; rodrf;qnf;ckdif; ryefMum;bJ t&yfwpfyg;okdY zJoGm;jcif;-aMumifh yxraoemoeygpdwf/

5/ oHCduausmif;ü tdyf&mae&m (10)rsKd;wkdYukd ukd,fwkdifcif;íolwpfyg;ukd cif;ckdif;í tjcm;t&yfokdY nOfhtdyfoGm;vQif ukd,fwkdifjzpfap ckdif;íjzpfap odrf;xm;cJh&rnf/ xkduJhokdY rjyKaom&[ef;'kwd,aoemoeygpdwf/

6/ oHCduausmif;ü ae&musOf;MuyfvQif rax&fBuD;xGufoGm;rSmyJ[laom pdwf,kwfrmjzifh rax&fBuD; teD;tyg; wkd;a0SYaejcif;-


aMumifh tEkycZÆygpdwf/

7/ &[ef;wpfyg;ukd tjcm;&[ef;wpfyg;u oHCduausmif;rS ukd,fwkdifjzpfapç olwpfyg;ukdjzpfap ESifxkwfvQif eduú¹eygpdwf/

8/ oHCdujzpfaom txufqifhwGif ysOfrcif;í [if;vif;tjyif&Sdaom uk#DwGif taygifü tajcwyfaom anmifapmif; tif;ysOfukdzdíxkdif zdítdyftHh? a0[mouk#Dygpdwf/

9/ BuD;aomausmif;ukd aqmufapvkdaom &[ef;onf wHcg;aygif\xuf0ef;usif ESpfawmifhxGmt&yfwkdifatmif wHcg;&GufwHcg;aygif-wkdYukd rvIyf&Sm;atmif xm;jcif;iSmç txuf avomjyLwif;ukdtajytjypf jyKjcif;iSm t*FawajrnufwkdYjzifh txyfxyfvdrf;usH-tyf vdrf;usHapckdif;tyf\/ trkd;ukdvnf; ESpfxyfokH;xyftxd pdrf;pkd-aom aumufyJoD;ESH r&Sd&mt&yfü &yfvsuf udk,fwdkif pDrHEdkifonf/xdkESpfxyfokH;xyfxuf wdk;í pDrHvQifum; pdrf;pdkaom aumufyJoD;ESHr&Sd&m t&yfü&yfvsuf pDrHapumrl r[v’u0d[m&ygpdwf/

10/ ykd;&Sdaoma&[k odvsuf a&ukd jrufokdYç ajrnufokdY avmif;xnfhtHh?avmif;xnfhaptHh? (wpfenf;) ykd;&Sdaom a&xJokdY jrufudk ajrnuf-ukd avmif;xnfhthH? avmif;xnfhaptHh? oyÜgPuygpdwftmywfoifh\/

1/ blw*grygwAs odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

blw*grm b0EÅDwd blwm? tb0kEÅd blwm?blw*grm b0EÅDwd blwm? tb0kEÅd blwm?blw*grm b0EÅDwd blwm? tb0kEÅd blwm?blw*grm b0EÅDwd blwm? tb0kEÅd blwm?blw*grm b0EÅDwd blwm? tb0kEÅd blwm? jzpfukefqJ BuD;yGm;-ukefqJukd blwm? jzpfukefNyD; BuD;yGm;ukefNyD;ukd blwm? blwmeH *garmblw*garm = jzpfukefqJ BuD;yGm;ukefqJ? jzpfukefNyD;ç BuD;yGm;ukefNyD;aomjrufopfyifwkdY\ *garmtaygif;onf blw*garm = blw*grf rnf\/ygwAsmeH bma0g ygwAswm/ ygwAsmeH = jzwfjcif;ç cGJjcif;ç rD;wkdufjcif;ponfjzifh tvkd&Sdwkdif; okH;pGJtyfaom opfyiftaygif;\/ bma0g =


jzpfaMumif;jzpf&m zsufqD;jcif; Bud,monf? ygwAswm = ygwAswmrnf\/ qkdvkd&if;rSm opfyiftaygif;ukd zsufqD;jcif;[k qkdvkdonf/

ADZ*grç blw*gr

rsKd;aphtaygif;ukd ADZ*grfç opfyiftaygif;ukd blw*grf[k ac:Mu-onf/ xkdwGif ADZ*grfonf rlv rlv rlv rlv rlv = tjrpfç cE¨ = yifpnf? zvk zvk zvk zvk zvk = tqpfçt*¾ t*¾ t*¾ t*¾ t*¾ = tñGefYç ADZ ADZ ADZ ADZ ADZ = taphtm;jzifh ig;yg; jym;\/ xkdrsKd;aphtjzpfüwnf&Sdaom ADZ*grfukd zsufqD;vQif 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) jrpfç qpfç yifpnf? ñGefYç aphrSD? ig;vD ADZ*grf?

zsufavorQ 'kuú#? rkcs oifh&rSef/

xkdrsKd;aphukd pkdufysKd;onfhtcg tjrpfom xGufí tñGefYrxGufao;-vQifvnf;aumif;ç tñGefYom xGufí tjrpfrxGufao;vQifvnf;-aumif;ç ADZ*grfyifwnf;/ tjrpfç tñGefY (2)rsKd;vkH; xGufvQifum;blw*grfwGif yg0if\? zsufqD;vQif ygpdwftmywfwnf;/

owdxm;&ef

aomufa&tkd;ç aomufa&uefrsm;\ tjyifbufü a&n§d[k ac:-tyfaom arSmfao;uav;rsm;ukd awGU&wwf\/ xkdarSmfao;uav;rsm;üt&GuftñGefYvnf; ryg&um; ADZ*grfwGif yg0ifavonf/ okdYjzpfíxkda&n§drsm;ukd &[ef;ukd,fwkdif yGwfwkdufaq;u 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\?owdjyKygav/

rtyfaom ckdif;enf;

þopfyifukd jzwfprf;ç csKdifprf;ç vSJprf;? þtoD;ukd qGwfprf;çi½kwfoD;axmif;prf;ç MuufoGefvSD;prf;ç c&rf;csOfoD; csufprf;ç tyif-aygufrnfh MuHç 0g;ponfukd jzwfprf;paom ckdif;jcif;onf rtyfaom


ckdif;enf;jzpfí tmywfoifh\/ xkdwGif opfyif blw*grf? i½kwfoD;çc&rf;csOfoD;ponf tyifrS vGwfNyD; rsKd;aphum; ADZ*grfwnf;/

tyfaom ckdif;enf;

þopfyifukd odprf;ç uyÜdprf; þi½kwfoD;ukd uyÜdprf;paom yx0D-cPeodu©myk'fü jycJhaom ckdif;enf;um; tyfaom ckdif;enf;wnf;/rnfonfhopfyif rnfonfhi½kwfoD;[k rñTefbJ opfyifckwfvkdufç i½kwf-oD; axmif;vkdufpaom ckdif;jcif;ü tjypfr&Sdyg/ okdY&mwGif odprf;çuyÜdprf;[k ajymqkdaom tavhtx &Sdoifhayonf/

zsufqD;vdkaom pdwfr&SdbJ opfwkH;vSdrfh&m awmifa0S;axmufípBuøoGm;&mtcg ponfwkdYü jrufç opfyifwkdY ysufpD;aomfvnf; tmywfroifh/

uyÜdjcif;uyÜdjcif;uyÜdjcif;uyÜdjcif;uyÜdjcif;

ADZ*grf tyifaygufOD;rnfh opfyifç opfaphç opfoD;ç MuHponfwkdYukd&[ef;rsm; okH;aqmifaumif;avmufatmif ADZ*grfukd zsufqD;&mra&mufatmif vlç omraPwkdYtm; uyÜdckdif;&onf/ uyÜdykHrSm - tyifaygufEkdif-aom opfoD;ç MuH ponfwkdYukd &[ef;u ]uyÜd,H ua&m[d}]uyÜd,H ua&m[d}]uyÜd,H ua&m[d}]uyÜd,H ua&m[d}]uyÜd,H ua&m[d} qkdNyD;aemufvlç omraPu ]uyÜd,H baEÅ}]uyÜd,H baEÅ}]uyÜd,H baEÅ}]uyÜd,H baEÅ}]uyÜd,H baEÅ}[k qkdvsuf (qkdwkef;jzpfapç qkdNyD; csuf-csif;jzpfapç rD;jzifhaomfvnf;wkdYç "m;jzifhaomfvnf;ckwfç vufonf;jzifhaomfvnf; qdwf&rnf? "m;&mç vufonf;&m tayguftjzpf xif&Sm;vQif tyfNyD? xufykdif;jywfvQifum; qkdzG,f&m r&SdNyD/)

uyÜdjcif; (5) rsKd;

1/ rD;jzifh uyÜdjcif;? 2/ "m;jzifh uyÜdjcif;? 3/ xufaom rykyfaomvufonf;jzifh uyÜdjcif;? 4/ taphEkjzpfjcif;? 5/ taphxkwfy,fípm;jcif;onfyif uyÜdjcif;[k - (5)rsKd; vm\/


(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) rD;ç "m;ç vufonf;? uyÜdeJ? EkqJç y,fEkwfcGm/ADZrsKd;rSm? uyÜdum? rSefpGm pm;&rSm/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) taphEkjcif;ESifh xkwfy,fí&aom taphwkdYum; uyÜdzG,fr&Sd? yifukduyif tyfjcif; uyÜdNyD;jzpfaeNyD[k od/

blw*grfukd uyÜdjcif; (5)rsKd;jzifh uyÜd&rnf r[kwf? blw*grfrS vGwf-aomç a<uusNyD;aomç aemiftcg tyifaygufOD;rnfjzpfaom ADZ*grf-ukdom &[ef;awmfrsm; okH;aqmifaumif;atmif uyÜd&onf/

owdjyKzG,f

ajrüaygufaeaom tyifrsm;ç tyifü&Sdaeaom toD;rsm;ukd uyÜd-aomfvnf; xkdtyif xkdtoD;wkdYukd rjzwfaumif; rckwfaumif; rcl;qGwfaumif;[k odyg/ MuHacsmif;wkdYukd pnf;xm;aom BudK;EG,fukd uyÜdvQifcGuft&mü wnfaomaMumifh uyÜd&mra&muf? MuHpnf;üygaom xif;acsmif;ukd uyÜdvQif tm;vkH;uyÜdNyD;om; jzpf\? tyf\/ uGrf;&Gufü wnfaom prkHpyg;? tqHacsmifaeaom opfoD;? wpyfwnf; rwnftHh? cGuft&mü wnfí rtyf/ taphrsm; wpyfwnf; wnfatmifjyKí wpfaphukduyÜdvQif tyfonf/ qefjyKwfç ,m*küwnfaom i½kwfoD;rSnfh taphrsm;wpyfwnf; rwnftHh? wpfaphpD uyÜd&rnf? i½kwfoD;taphrsm;ESifha&maeaom qGrf;wkdYukd uyÜd&mü qGrf;ukdjzpfapç i½kwfaphukdjzpfapuyÜdtHh? tyfonf/ c&rf;csOfoD;rSnfh tpdrf;twkdif; okwfxm;&mü xdpyf-aeu tzwfudk jzpfapç taphukdjzpfap uyÜd&rnf/ rD;zkwfxm; jyKwf-xm;vQifum; uyÜd&ef rvkdacs/ a&macsxm;aom c&rf;csOfoD;rSnfhçqD;oD;rSnfhrsm;ç xef;vsufESifh a&macsxm;aom oD;oD;rSnfhrsm; vufjzifhqdwfí r&ojzifh opf&Gufjzifh xduyfí xkdopf&Gufukd uyÜdonfukdawGUjrif&zl;onf/


qufvufrSwfom;zG,f

"m;jzifhckwf-[l&mü tyfjzifhç pl;jzifh xkd;jcif;rsm;vnf; yg0if\/ xkdokdYuyÜd&mü opfoD;paom 0w¬Ku &[ef;\ vufxJü &SdaerS ukdifxm;rSr[kwf? axmifykH&mykH ykHxm;aom tuyfrcH&ao;aom opfoD;ykH MuHykHukdvnf; &[ef;u rxdrukdifbJ ]]uyÜd,H ua&m[d}} [k qkdvQif vlçomraPu wpyfwnf; wqufwnf; pkykHaeaom opfoD;wpfvkH;MuHwpfacsmif;ukd ]]uyÜd,H baEÅ}}[k qkdí ckwfvkdufxkd;vkdufvQif tm;vkH;-yif uyÜdNyD; jzpfawmh\/ wpfBudrfuyÜdNyD;aom opfoD;rsm;udk (tuyfrcH-&ao;vQif) aemufaemuf&ufrsm;üyif xyfí ruydÜ&awmhbJ tuyfcHípm;aomufEkdif\/ ygVdvkd rqkdwwfvQif jrefrmvkd &[ef;u ]]uyÜdprf;}}[kqkdaomtcg vl omraPu ]]uyÜdyg\ bk&m;}}[k jyefqkdí "m;ponfjzifh ckwfvQifvnf; uyÜdjcif;udpö NyD;ajrmufawmhonfom/ okH;aqmifaumif;NyD/

uyÜd,H ua&m[d t"dyÜm,f

uyÜó uyÜó uyÜó uyÜó uyÜó = orPa0g[m&tm;/ tEk½lyH tEk½lyH tEk½lyH tEk½lyH tEk½lyH = avsmfaom trIwnf;/uyÜd,H uyÜd,H uyÜd,H uyÜd,H uyÜd,H = &[ef;wkdYtm; tyfpyfaMumif;jzpfaom tokH;tEIef;tm; avsmfaom trIukd (o'´geuf)? (0g) tyfonfukd (t"dyÜm,feuf) ? (0g) uyÜd-jcif;ukd(a0g[m& okH;pGJ½kd;teuf)/ ua&m[d =ua&m[d =ua&m[d =ua&m[d =ua&m[d = jyKavm[k teufqkd? uyÜd,HbaEÅ-ü baEÅ = baEÅ = baEÅ = baEÅ = baEÅ = t&Sifbk&m;/ uyÜd,H =uyÜd,H =uyÜd,H =uyÜd,H =uyÜd,H = tyfonfukd/ ua&mrd =ua&mrd =ua&mrd =ua&mrd =ua&mrd =jyKyg\[k teufay;av/

2/ tn0g'u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

tn0g'au =tn0g'au =tn0g'au =tn0g'au =tn0g'au = ar;tyfaomtaMumif;rS wpfyg;aomtaMumif;ukdajymqkdwwfol\ tjzpfaMumifhvnf;aumif;/ 0da[oau =0da[oau =0da[oau =0da[oau =0da[oau = oHCmukdn§Of;qJwwfol\ tjzpfaMumifhvnf;aumif;/ ygpdwåd,H ygpdwåd,H ygpdwåd,H ygpdwåd,H ygpdwåd,H = ygpdwftmygwfonf/ a[mwd = jzpf\/ tn0g'uyk'f 0da[ouyk'fwkdYonf


bm0y"meyk'fwkdY jzpfonf/ tnH tnH tnH tnH tnH = ar;tyfaomtaMumif;rS wpfyg;-aomtaMumif;ukd/ 0'wd = ajymqkdwwf\ - 0dN*dK[ft& ]tn0g'u}o'gonf ar;tyfaom teufrS wpfyg;aom teufukd ajymqdkzkH;vTrf;ol&[ef;ukd &aomfvnf;ç bm0o'g rygaomfvnf; bm0teufukd y"meaumufí ar;tyfaomteufrS wpfyg;aom teufukd ajymqkdzkH;vTrf;wwfol\ jzpfaMumif;jzpf&m (wpfyg;aom teufukd wpfyg;aomteufjzifh zkH;vTrf;ypfjcif;) Bud,mukd &onf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) tn0g'uç yk'ft&üç rkcs ajymolç &\[lvnf;?þrlbm0ç y"mejzifhç tn teufç ar;onfh csufukd?teuf wpfvrf;ç zsufzkdY rSef;íç zkH;vTrf; ajymcg?Bud,mç rSefpGm t&aumuf/

0da[ou-t&vnf; n§Of;qJwwfol&[ef;ukd &aomfvnf; bm0-yk'f t&ukd y"meaumufí n§Of;qJwwfol\ jzpfaMumif;jzpf&m qdwf-qdwfaeaomtm;jzifh n§Of;qJjcif; Bud,mukd &onf/

(aqmifaqmifaqmifaqmifaqmif) 0da[ouç yk'ft&üç rkcs n§Of;olç &\[lvnf;?þrlbm0ç y"mejzifhç oHCmh n§Of;&efç twGif;MuHí?EIwfoH ra<uç qdwfqdwfaeç aumufav owdjyK/

ygpdwf 'kuú#f cGJjcm;csufygpdwf 'kuú#f cGJjcm;csufygpdwf 'kuú#f cGJjcm;csufygpdwf 'kuú#f cGJjcm;csufygpdwf 'kuú#f cGJjcm;csuf

tn0g'utrI 0da[outrI jyKaom&[ef;ukd oHCmu ur®-0gpmjzifh tn0g'uuH 0da[ouuHokdY wifay;&onf/ ]uHjyK&onf}[lvkd/ xkduHjyKNyD;aemuf tn0g'utrI okdYr[kwf 0da[outrIukdxyfrHí jyKrS ygpdwftmywfoifhonf/ uHrjyKao;cif tn0g'utrI0da[outrIukd jyKckdufüum; 'kuú#ftmywfom oifh\/ tn0g'uuH0da[ouuHokdY uHjyKykHukd ygVdawmfrS xkwfaqmifjytHh/


jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif aumorÁDjynf aCmodwm½kHausmif;ü oDwif;okH;-pOftcg t&SifqEérax&fonf rvGefusL;oifhonfukd vGefusL;í oHCm-tv,fü ar;pdppfaomtcg ar;jref;tyfaom taMumif;ukd rajzvkd-ojzifh xkdpum;ukd tjcm;pum;jzifh zkH;vTrf;ypf\/ ar;pdppfykH jyefajzykHygVdawmfokdY Munfhyg/

qEé&[ef;tm; tn0g'uuH jyKykH

okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? t,H qaEém bdu©K oHCraZÑokPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? t,H qaEém bdu©K oHCraZÑokPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? t,H qaEém bdu©K oHCraZÑokPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? t,H qaEém bdu©K oHCraZÑokPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? t,H qaEém bdu©K oHCraZÑtmywåd,m tEk,kÍÆD,rmaem tanenH y#dp&wd? ,'d oHCótmywåd,m tEk,kÍÆD,rmaem tanenH y#dp&wd? ,'d oHCótmywåd,m tEk,kÍÆD,rmaem tanenH y#dp&wd? ,'d oHCótmywåd,m tEk,kÍÆD,rmaem tanenH y#dp&wd? ,'d oHCótmywåd,m tEk,kÍÆD,rmaem tanenH y#dp&wd? ,'d oHCóywåuv’H? oHaCm qEéó bdu©Kaem tn0g'uH a&may,s? {omywåuv’H? oHaCm qEéó bdu©Kaem tn0g'uH a&may,s? {omywåuv’H? oHaCm qEéó bdu©Kaem tn0g'uH a&may,s? {omywåuv’H? oHaCm qEéó bdu©Kaem tn0g'uH a&may,s? {omywåuv’H? oHaCm qEéó bdu©Kaem tn0g'uH a&may,s? {omÚwåd/Úwåd/Úwåd/Úwåd/Úwåd/

okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? t,H qaEém bdu©K oHCraZÑokPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? t,H qaEém bdu©K oHCraZÑokPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? t,H qaEém bdu©K oHCraZÑokPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? t,H qaEém bdu©K oHCraZÑokPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? t,H qaEém bdu©K oHCraZÑtmywåd,m tEk,kÍÆD,rmaem tanenH y#dp&wd? oHaCm qEéótmywåd,m tEk,kÍÆD,rmaem tanenH y#dp&wd? oHaCm qEéótmywåd,m tEk,kÍÆD,rmaem tanenH y#dp&wd? oHaCm qEéótmywåd,m tEk,kÍÆD,rmaem tanenH y#dp&wd? oHaCm qEéótmywåd,m tEk,kÍÆD,rmaem tanenH y#dp&wd? oHaCm qEéóbdu©Kaem tn0g'uH a&maywd? ,óm,o®awm crwd qEéóbdu©Kaem tn0g'uH a&maywd? ,óm,o®awm crwd qEéóbdu©Kaem tn0g'uH a&maywd? ,óm,o®awm crwd qEéóbdu©Kaem tn0g'uH a&maywd? ,óm,o®awm crwd qEéóbdu©Kaem tn0g'uH a&maywd? ,óm,o®awm crwd qEéóbdu©Kaem tn0g'uó a&myem? aom wkPSó? ,ó eu©rwd?bdu©Kaem tn0g'uó a&myem? aom wkPSó? ,ó eu©rwd?bdu©Kaem tn0g'uó a&myem? aom wkPSó? ,ó eu©rwd?bdu©Kaem tn0g'uó a&myem? aom wkPSó? ,ó eu©rwd?bdu©Kaem tn0g'uó a&myem? aom wkPSó? ,ó eu©rwd?aom bmao,s/aom bmao,s/aom bmao,s/aom bmao,s/aom bmao,s/

a&mydwH oHaCe qEéó bdu©Kaem tn0g'uH? crwd oHCó?a&mydwH oHaCe qEéó bdu©Kaem tn0g'uH? crwd oHCó?a&mydwH oHaCe qEéó bdu©Kaem tn0g'uH? crwd oHCó?a&mydwH oHaCe qEéó bdu©Kaem tn0g'uH? crwd oHCó?a&mydwH oHaCe qEéó bdu©Kaem tn0g'uH? crwd oHCó?wo®m wkPSD? {0arwH "m&,mrDwd/wo®m wkPSD? {0arwH "m&,mrDwd/wo®m wkPSD? {0arwH "m&,mrDwd/wo®m wkPSD? {0arwH "m&,mrDwd/wo®m wkPSD? {0arwH "m&,mrDwd/

0da[ouuH wifykH

xkdtcg t&SifqEéonf oHCmhtv,fü tmywfjzifh ar;jref;pdppf-aomtcg taMumif;wpfyg;jzifh taMumif;wpfyg;ukd zkH;vTrf;ajymqkdaomftmywfoifh\[k ESvkH;oGif;í qdwfqdwfaevsuf oHCmukd nOf;qJ-\/ xkdtaMumif;ukd bk&m;&Siftm; avQmufxm;í 0da[ouuHokdYwif&ef bk&m;&SifcGifhjyKawmfrlonf/ ÚwfwpfBudrf ur®0gwpfBudrf aygif;ESpfBudrfjyK&í Úwåd'kwd,uH[k ac:\/


okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? t,H qaEém bdu©K oHCraZÑtmywåd,m tEk,kÍÆD,rmaem wkPSDblawm oHCó 0da[aowd?,'d oHCó ywåuv’H? oHaCm qEéó bdu©Kaem 0da[ouHa&may,s? {om Úwåd/

okPmwk ar baEÅ oHaCm? t,H qaEém bdu©K oHCraZÑtmywåd,m tEk,kÍÆD,rmaem wkPSDblawm oHCH 0da[aowd? oHaCmqEéó bdu©Kaem 0da[ouH a&maywd? ,óm,o®awm crwdqEéó bdu©Kaem 0da[ouó a&myem? aom wkPSó ,óeu©wd? aom bmao,s/

a&mydwH oHaCe qEéó bdu©Kaem 0da[ouH crwd oHCó?wo®m wkPSD? {0arwH "m&,mrD}wd/

t*Fg (3) yg;

1/ tn0g'u 0da[ou uHokdY "r®uHtjzpfjzifh wiftyfNyD;jzpfjcif;/

2/ tmywfjzifhjzpfapç 0w¬Kjzifhjzpfap tar;jref; tpdppfcH&jcif;?

3/ rdrdtjypfudk zkH;vTrf;vkdonfhtwGuf wpfyg;aomteufjzifh wpfyg;-aomteufukd zkH;vTrf;ypfjcif; okdYr[kwf qdwfqdwfaejcif; aygif;t*Fg 3-yg;wnf;/

3/ OZÑmyeu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

OZÑmyeu = uJh&JUjcif;OZÑmyeu = uJh&JUjcif;OZÑmyeu = uJh&JUjcif;OZÑmyeu = uJh&JUjcif;OZÑmyeu = uJh&JUjcif;

rdrdrkef;ol\ taMumif;ukd tjcm;&[ef;wkdYtxHoGm;í txifao;tjrifao;jzpfatmif wkduf½kdufajym\/ xkdokdY tjcm;&[ef;wkdYu rdrdrkef;oltay:ü txifao;tjrifao;apaMumif; pum;ukd OZÑmyeu(= uJh&JUjcif;)[k qkdonf/


cd,seu = ½Iwfcsjcif;cd,seu = ½Iwfcsjcif;cd,seu = ½Iwfcsjcif;cd,seu = ½Iwfcsjcif;cd,seu = ½Iwfcsjcif;

&Sif'AÁonf qEm*wdvkduf\ paom pum;ukd wpfpkHwpfa,muf-xHokdY wkduf½kdufum; oGm;írajym? okdYaomf xkdxkd&[ef;rsm; Mum;avmuf-atmif (Mum;avmufonfh ae&mwkdYü) rdrdwkdY taygif;tazmfcsif; rkef;ol\ tjypfukd twif;ajymjcif; raumif;owif;vTifhjcif;onf cd,seu(= ½Iwfcsjcif;) rnf\/

xkduJhokdY wkduf½kdufoGm;ajymvQifvnf;aumif;ç rdrdwkdYtcsif;csif;twif;ajymvQifvnf;aumif; toD;toD; ygpdwftmywfoifh\/

tmywfcGJjcm;csufrsm;tmywfcGJjcm;csufrsm;tmywfcGJjcm;csufrsm;tmywfcGJjcm;csufrsm;tmywfcGJjcm;csufrsm;

tjypfajym twif;ajymcH&aom &[ef;u ur®0gpmjzifh orkwftyf-ol (tdyf&mae&mukd tm*EÅKrsm;twGuf cif;ay;aom aoemoeynm-yuç oHCmrsm;ukd qGrf;pm;vSnfhñTefjyaom bwåKa'ouç ,m*k ponfa0zefaom ,m*kbmZuç zvbmZuç cZÆbmZu þokdY ponfjzifhoHCmu orkwfxm;aom oHCmh0efaqmif) &[ef;jzpfrS ygpdwftmywfoifhonf/ xkduJhokdY or®Kwd&ol r[kwfvQifvnf;aumif;? ajym&myk*¾dKvfu &[ef; r[kwf? vlç omraP jzpfvQifvnf;aumif;? vlç omraP\r[kwfrrSefaom tjypfukd ajymvQifvnf;aumif; 'kuú#f tmywfom?trSef qEm*wd paom t*wdvkduf a0zefolukd ajymvQifum; tmywfroifh/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) &[ef;xHrlç ygpdwf[lç om vl 'kuú#fod?or®Kwd r&ç &[ef;rQç ajymu 'kuú#fod?vl omraPç jypfajymavç waxG 'kuú#fod/

4/ yxraoemoe odu©myk'f

oHCdujzpfaom anmifapmif;ç tif;ysOfç bkHvQKd (zkH) cwftcif;wkdYukd


vGifwD;acgifü ukd,fwkdifcif;NyD;íjzpfapç vl omraPukd tcif;ckdif;íjzpfapç xkdae&mrS wjcm;wpfae&mokdY ntdyfnae oGm;vkdvQifç udpö&Sdí&GmwGif; NrdKUwGif; ponfokdYjzpfap oGm;vkdvQifç xkdanmifapmif; ponfukdukd,fwkdifaomfvnf; rodrf;qnf;ç wpfa,mufa,mufukdaomfvnf;rodrf;qnf;ckdif;ç rdrdypönf;uJhokdY oabmxm;í apmifha&Smufrnfh &[ef;omraP tm&mrfapmifhukdaomfvnf; Munfh½I&ef tyfESHyefajymjcif;rjyKbJ oGm;vQif yxraoemoeygpdwftmywf oifh\/

anmifapmif; av;rsKd;anmifapmif; av;rsKd;anmifapmif; av;rsKd;anmifapmif; av;rsKd;anmifapmif; av;rsKd;

rÍöwd yk*¾vH "ma&wDwd raÍöm? yk*¾dKvfukd aqmifwwfaom anmifapmif;? rÍöwd o,em'dBud,H ua&mwd {w¬mwd raÍöm? tdyfjcif;paomBud,mukdjyK&m anmifapmif;ukd &\/

1/ tajcü taygifpGyfaom rom&uanmifapmif;?2/ taygifü tajcpGyfaom tm[pöyg'uanmifapmif;?3/ tajcESifhwpyfwnf; taygif&Sdaom AkEdúmA'änmifapmif;?4/ ykZGefajcoP²mef aumufaom tajc&Sdaom ukVD&yg'anmifapmif;-

[k av;rsKd; jym;\/ jrefrmu ukwif[k ac:\/

tif;ysOfav;rsKd;

yDXwd 'ku©H [ðowDwd yDXH? 'ku©ukd n§Of;qJwwfaom? tif;ysOfudk&\/ ,ckumv pm;yGJç ukvm;xdkifç xdkifcHktrsKd;rsKd;wnf;/ anmifapmif;-enf;wl av;rsKd; jym;\/

txl;um;txl;um;txl;um;txl;um;txl;um; - av;awmiftvsm;&Sdonfum; anmifapmif;? av;-awmifatmuf wdkaomtvsm;&Sdonfum; tif;ysOf[kqdkMu\/(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) rom&u? AkEdúESifh? ukVD&yg'? tm[pö? av;0 anmifapmif;-

jym;/tif;ysOfüvnf;? xdkav;wnf;? jym;enf; odapom;/av;awmif&Sdonf? anmifapmif;rnf? wdkonf tif;ysOfxm;/


bdoð -bdoð -bdoð -bdoð -bdoð - bdod[lonf tjyifu t0wfjzpfapç orifa&paomtyfaom om;a&jzifhjzpfap tcGHjyKí vlarG;ESifh yef;ndK&Gufudk z,fxm;NyD;tarG;ç opf&Gufç jrufç avQmfç t0wfwdkYudk tqmoGwfí jyKtyfaomarGU&m bHkvQKdudk qdkonf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) om;arG;ç opf&Guf? t0wfç jruf? avQmfpGuf bHkvQKd ig;/

aumpäH -aumpäH -aumpäH -aumpäH -aumpäH - ukpD,wd oauFmpD,wDwd aumapäm? tv,fü wGefY-xm;aom (usKHUxm;aom) cwfcif;wnf;/ xdktcif;um; avQmfç yef;&if;-jrufç jzLqHjrufç Nydwfjruf wpfyg;yg;jzifh jyKxm;onf/ twGif;ü &pfízGJUxm;onf/txufatmufus,fí tv,fusOf;NyD; xufpnfoP²mef&dSonf/ tv,fü jcaoFha& ponfwkdYjzifh 0ef;&Hxm;onf/ þ tcif;ürtyfaom om;a&rnfonf r&Sd/

taZÑmumao -taZÑmumao -taZÑmumao -taZÑmumao -taZÑmumao - vGifwD;acgif[lonf rdkCf;av;vom rdkCf;&Gm-aomt&yfü rdkCf;av;vtwGif;? rdkCf;vç aqmif;v ESpfrsKd;vkH; rdkCf;-&Gmaom t&yfü &SpfvtwGif; yuwdaom vGifwD;acgift&yf? rdkCf;pGwf-aom r@yfç opfyif&if;ç usD;ponfwdkY todkufjyKí tjrJaeaomopfyifatmuf t&yfwdkYudk qdkonf/ rÍö paom oHCduypönf;rsm;rxm;aumif;aom t&yfwdkYwnf;/

yefMum;tyfaom olrsm;yefMum;tyfaom olrsm;yefMum;tyfaom olrsm;yefMum;tyfaom olrsm;yefMum;tyfaom olrsm;

y&du©&m ysufpD;rSmaMumufaom vZÆDolawmfaumif;jzpfaomomraPç tm&mrfapmifhrsKd;ukdk qdkonf/ tvZÆDjzpfrl ryefMum;aumif;?yefMum;aomfvnf; tmywfrS rvGwf? ryefMum;bJ odrf;xm;vdrfhrnf[laom pdwfrsKd;r&Sdrlí oGm;tHh? cJwpfus vGefaomf yxrajcvSrf; 'kuú#f?'kwd,ajcvSrf; ygpdwf? yk*¾vduypönf;jzpfrl 'kuú#f? t,kwfqHk; oydwfajc-udkaomfvnf; xdkt&yfrsKd;ü xm;aomf 'kuú#ftmywf[k od/


(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) oHCmhOpöm? ygpdwfvmjim;? wpfyg;yk*¾v? OpömrQ? rSwfMu 'kuú#m/t,kwfqHk;ay? oydwfajc? xm;av 'kuú#m/

5/ 'kwd,aoemoe odu©myk'f

aoemoe[laom o'´gonf ausmif;udkvnf;aumif;ç tdyf&mae&mtcif;rsm;udkvnf;aumif; a[mEdkif\/ þ yxr 'kwd,aoem-oe odu©myk'fESpfckwdk Yü aoemoeo'´gum; tdyf&mae&mrsm;udka[m\/ aoEdÅ {w¬mwd aoeHaoEdÅ {w¬mwd aoeHaoEdÅ {w¬mwd aoeHaoEdÅ {w¬mwd aoeHaoEdÅ {w¬mwd aoeH = = = = = tdyf&m (tdyfp&m) tcif;? tmoEÅdtmoEÅdtmoEÅdtmoEÅdtmoEÅdOy0doEÅdOy0doEÅdOy0doEÅdOy0doEÅdOy0doEÅd {w¬mwd tmoeH {w¬mwd tmoeH {w¬mwd tmoeH {w¬mwd tmoeH {w¬mwd tmoeH ===== uyf0ifaexdkif&m xdkifp&mtcif;? aoeHaoeHaoeHaoeHaoeHppppp = = = = = tdyfp&mtcif;vnf;? tmoeH ptmoeH ptmoeH ptmoeH ptmoeH p = xdkifp&mtcif;vnf;? aoem-aoem-aoem-aoem-aoem-oemeoemeoemeoemeoemed = = = = = tdyfp&mESifh xdkifp&m tcif;wdkYwnf;/

þ'kwd,aoemoeodu©myk'f qdkvdk&if;rSm oHCduausmif;ay:0,ftdyfp&m aep&mtcif;rsm;ukd cif;í aexdkifNyD;aemuf xdkae&mrS zJoGm;-vdkonfhtcg ukd,fwdkif ½kyfodrf;jcif; odkYr[kwf olwpfyg;udk todrf;cdkif;-jcif; (odkYr[kwf) wpfa,mufa,mufxH tyfESH yefMum;jcif; r&SdbJ zJoGm;-aom &[ef;onf t&H&Sdaomf t&Hukd t&Hr&Sdaomf Oypmudk ajcvSrf;vGeftHh 'kuú#f? 'kwd,ajcvSrf;vGeftHh ygpdwftmywfoifh\/

yefMum;yHkrsm;yefMum;yHkrsm;yefMum;yHkrsm;yefMum;yHkrsm;yefMum;yHkrsm;

oHCduausmif; oHCdutcif; ESpfyg;pHkjzpfrSom ygpdwfç wpfyg;yg;-jzpfrl 'kuú#f? yefMum;[l&mü &[ef;ç omraPç tm&mrfapmifh wpfOD;OD;xHyefMum;&rnf? r&SdvQif ausmif;'umukd yefMum;&rnf? ausmif;'umxHtyfESHoGm;&rnf? vufrcHtHh? udk,fwdkif odrf;qnf;oGm;&rnf? jcrpm;-Edkif[k qHk;jzwfEdkiftHh? ryefMum;bJvnf; oGm;aumif;\/ tmywf roifh?odkYaomf *rdu&[ef;usifh0wfü yefMum;tyfESH odrf;qnf;oGm;&rnf[ka[mMum;xm;awmfrlonf/


ao,s (10) rsKd;ao,s (10) rsKd;ao,s (10) rsKd;ao,s (10) rsKd;ao,s (10) rsKd;

aoEÅd {w¬mwd ao,sm/ {w¬ = þae&mü? aoEÅd = tdyfMuxdkifMuukef\/ £wd = þokdY tdyfMuxkdifMu&m ae&mtcif;onf?aoa,sm = ao,s rnf\/ tdyfp&m xdkifp&m tcif;rsm;udk ao,s[kac:onf/ ao,s (10)rsKd; &Sd\/ 1/ bdod = bHkvQdK? 2/ pdrdvdu =t0wfMurf;? 3/ Owå&w¬&P = tay:vTrf;tcif;? 4/ blrw¬&P =ajrtcif;? 5/ w¥du = zsmMurf;? 6/ pr®c@ = om;a&ydkif;? 7/ edoD'e= edoD'dkeftcif;? 8/ ypöw¬&P = oD;jcm;tcif; (tarG;&dSaom aumfaZmtcif;)? 9/ wdPoE¦& = jruftcif;? 10/ yPÖoE¦m& = opf&Guftcif;pojzifh ao,s (10)rsKd; a[mawmfrlonf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) bdodç pdrd? Owfç blrd? w¥d pr®cPf/edodç ypö? jrufç yPÖ? ao,s q,fckrSef/

xdkao,swdkYudk rodrf;qnf;bJoGm;vQif jcwufí ausmif;a&mtcif;yg ysufpD;wwfaomaMumifh ygpdwftmywfoifhonf/

6/ tEkycZÆodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

oHCduausmif;0,f wpfckaom ae&mü rdrdtvsif aeESifhaom&[ef;ukd xoGm;apxdkufol r[kwfrSef;odvsuf xdk&[ef;\ teD;odkY]]usOf;Muyfí olxGufoGm;vdrfhrnf}}[k MuH&G,fcsuf pdwf,kwfrmjzifhuyfa&mufxdkiftHh ygpdwftmywf oifhonf/

xoGm;apxdkufol r[kwfaom yk*d¾Kvf (3) a,muf

1/ rdrdxuf odu©m0gBuD;aom oDwif;BuD;&[ef;udk rdrdxuf odu©m0gBuD;aomaMumifh xoGm;atmif rjyKvkyfaumif;?

2/ *dvme&[ef;udk a&m*gonfjzpfjcif;aMumifh xoGm;atmif rjyK-aumif;?


3/ oHCmtm; aus;Zl;rsm;aomaMumifh A[kyum&*kPfç *kPfxl;jzpfaom*kP0dod|*kPfESpfyg;&Sdí oHCmonf oD;jcm;ausmif;ay;xm;tyf-aom b@m*g&duç "r®uxduç 0denf;"dk&fç *P0gpu pmcsq&m-jzpfaom &[ef;wdkYudk xdk*kPfawG&Sdjcif;aMumifh xoGm;atmif rjyK-aumif;? xdkyk*d¾Kvfrsm;udk oHCmay;aomol[k qdk\/ *kPfxl;&Sdolrsm;jzpfí oHCmu oD;jcm;ae&mukd oHCmxH yefajymvsuf ay;xm;-avh&Sd\/

þodkY oDwif;BuD;ç olemç oHCmay;aomol yk*¾dKvf (3)rsKd;udkxoGm;atmif rjyKaumif;rSef; odjcif;ukd ZmeH[k qdkonf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) oDwif;BuD;ç olemç oHCmay;aomol? oHk;a,muf[l xrl rxaptyf/

tEkycZÆ? tEk-a&S;ç Oy-a&S;&Sdaom cd-"mwf wGm-ypönf;? cd-"mwf= [ðoe - n§Of;qJjcif;teufa[m? teD;odkY uyfa&mufjcif;jzifh n§Of;qJjcif;ç OypmtwGif;odkY 0ifaejcif; [l\/ qdktyfNyD;aom &[ef;oHk;rsKd;wdkY\anmifapmif; tif;ysOfwdkY\ Oypm xdk&[ef;wdkY\ xGuf&m0if&m OypmodkY0ifjcif;ç aexdkifjcif;ç 0iftdyfjcif;udk ]tEkycZÆ}[k ac:onf/ a&S;edó,ütEkycZÆ - ]wdk;a0SYí}[k teufay;onfhtwGuf ]]yGwfuyfMuyfaeatmif0ifxdkifaeonf}}[k xifrSm;wwfMuonf/

Oypmt& ,lyHk

Oypm-t& BuD;aomausmif;jzpftHh anmifapmif;ç tif;ysOf\t&yfav;rsufESmrS wpfawmifhxGm ,l? eH&Hbufu Oypm r&vQifvnf;aumif;ç i,faomausmif; jzpfvQifvnf;aumif; wpfckwpfckaom t&yfrS wpfawmifhxGmukd ,l&onf/


0if&mt&yfOypm xGuf&mt&yfOypm

0if&mt&yfOypmum; ajcaq;&mae&mrSpí anmifapmif;ç tif;-ysOfwdkifatmif wpfawmifhxGm vrf;c&D;ukd,l? xGuf&mt&yf Oypmum;anmifapmif;ç tif;ysOfrS usifi,fpGefY&m t&yfwdkifatmif wpfawmifhxGmvrf;c&D;ukd ,l&onf/

tmywfoifhykHrsm;

xdk&[ef;\ usOf;ajrmif;jcif;ukd tvdk&Sdí Oypmü q,fyg;aomtdyf&mwdkYwGif wpfckckaom tdyf&mudk cif;tHh cif;aptHh 'kuú#f? cif;NyD;-aemuf xdkif½kHomxdkiftHh ygpdwfwpfcsuf? tdyf½kHom tdyftHh ygpdwfwpfcsuf?xdkifjcif; tdyfjcif;ESpfyg;pHk jyKtHh ygpdwfESpfcsuf? xíxí xdkifjcif; tdyfjcif;tBudrfBudrfjyKtHh tBudrfwdkif; tBudrfwdkif; ygpdwftmywfoifh\/

zJoGm;apvdkjcif; pdwf,kwfrmjzifh uyf0ifaexdkifrS ygpdwftmywfoifhonf/ rusef;rmjcif; ponfaMumifhvnf;aumif; ae&mtcuftcJrwwfomí uyf0ifaexdkifolrSm tmywfroifh/

7/ eduú¹e odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

cdkuf&efa'goponf rjyKwwfaom &[ef;wpfyg;udk oHCdu-ausmif;rS pdwfqdk;í ESifxkwfvQifvnf;aumif; ESifxkwfcdkif;vQifvnf;-aumif; ygpdwftmywfoifh\/

]ESifxkwf}[l&mü w&m;ojzifh aeoludk ESifxkwfrSom tmywfoifh-onf/ ckduf&efjyKwwfaom &[ef;? tvZÆD&[ef;? &efjzpfwwfç jiif;cHk-wwfç qefYusifbufpum;ukd ajymwwfç pum;rsm;wwfç oHCmüt"du½kPf; jyKapwwfaom &[ef;? q&mOyZÑm,f\ 0wfukd aumif;pGmrjyKusifhaom teD;ae taEÅ0goduwynfhç twlae o'd¨0d[m&duwynfh&[ef;wdkYudk ESifxkwfEdkifonf/


tmywfoifhyHkrsm;

ckduf&efjyKwwfaom &[ef;rsm;ESifh xdkolwdkY\ y&du©&mukdum;oHCduwpfwdkufvHk;rS ESifxkwfaomfvnf; tmywfroifh? tvZÆD&[ef;omraPESifh aumif;rGefpGm qHk;ronfukd rvdkufemaom &[ef; omr-aPrsm;ukdrl rdrdae&m oHCduausmif; ausmif;wpfaqmifrSom ESifxkwf-cGifh&Sd\/ wpfwdkufvHk;rSum; ESifxkwfcGifhr&Sd? rdrdESifh tuRrf;r0ifololrsm;ydkif yk*¾vduausmif;rS ESifxkwf&müvnf;aumif;ç vl omraPukdvnf;aumif;ç y&du©&mypönf;rsm;udkvnf;aumif;ç qGJxkwf&mü 'kuú#f?rdrdESifh tuRrf;0ifol yk*¾vduausmif;rS pdwfqdk;í ESifxkwfvQifvnf;-aumif;ç rdrdyk*¾vduydkifausmif;rS oabmrusol[lorQudk ESifxkwf&m-üvnf;aumif; tmywfroifhay/

t*FgoHk;yg;

(1) oHCduausmif;jzpfjcif;? (2) cdkuf&efjiif;ckefponf rjyKwwf-aom &[ef;jzpfjcif;? (3) pdwfqdk;í ESifxkwfjcif;ç tESifckdif;jcif;? aygif;(3) yg;wnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) oHCmhausmif;rSefç cdkuf&efroef;ç &[ef;jzpfvsufç trsufxGufvQif;ç iifjcif;apvwfç tifoHk;&yfç eduú¹ewnf;/

8/ a0[mouk#d odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

txufü Murf;ç ysOfcsyfwkdYjzifh rpDrcif;tyfao;aom rZÑdryk&doOD;acgif;vGwfatmif jrifhaom oHCduausmif;\ qifhay:wGif wifxm;tyfaomç taygifwGif ajcpGyfaom pkdY y&pf rxkd;tyfao;aom anmif-apmif; tifysOf[k ac:aom ckwif xkdifckHwkdYukd zdí rxkdif&? rtdyf&?xkdokdY jyKvkyfvQif a0[mouk#dok'¨ygpdwftmywf oifh\/

þodu©myk'fonf anmifapmif;ç tif;ysOfajcaxmufrsm; jyKwfxGuf-


í atmufxyfü oGm;vmaexdkifol\ tay:odkY ukwifajcaxmufjyKwfuszl;aomaMumifh ynwfawmfrltyfaom odu©myk'fwnf;/ ajc-axmufudk xGif;í taygifwyfxm;vQifum; jyKwfxGufoGm;zG,f r&Sdíþodu©myk'fESifh rqdkif/ xdkanmifapmif;ajcrsm;vnf; taygifü pGJae-atmif (ruRwfEdkifatmif) pdkY (oH)½kdufxm;vQif uRwfxGufzG,f r&Sdawmh-&um; þodu©myk'fü xdkuJhodkY pdkY (oH) r½dkufbJ wyf½kHwyfxm;aomanmifapmif;ajcrsm; jzpfonf[k rSwf/

t*Fgav;yg;

(1) oHCduausmif;jzpfjcif;? (2) OD;acgif;ukd rwdkufrdavmufatmifjrifhaom a0[mouk#djzpfjcif;? (OD;acgif;udk wdkufrdavmufatmif edrfhae-vQif zdxdkifolrSm tmywfroifh? atmufu oGm;vmol\ wm0efom)?(3) atmufxyfü oGm;vmoHk;pGJavh&Sdjcif;? (atmufxyfü opfom;ponfyHkxm;í aexdkifoHk;pGJjcif; r&SdvQif tay:xyfukwifay:ü xdkifaeaomf-vnf; tmywfroifh? aexdkif&m r[kwfaom atmufxyfü vma&mufaexdkifol\ tjypfom? (4) pkdYç oH r½dkuftyfaom tm[pöyg'uanmifapmif; tif;ysOfü xdkifjcif;ç tdyfjcif;? aygif; av;yg;wnf;/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) rZÑdrç yk&d? acgif;rxd? uk#dukdom ,l/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) oHCduausmif;? OD;acgif; rxd? uk#da0[m? atmufrSm okH;-aqmif? pkdYaygif rESuf? ajc&SdvsufvQif? anmiftifüom? xkdiftdyf-yg? a0[m t*Fgav;/

9/ r[v’u0d[m& odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

ausmif;'um&Sdaom BuD;aom Ov’dwåmç 0vdwåausmif;ukd aqmuf-vkyfapvdkaom &[ef;onf wHcg;&Guf wHcg;abmifrsm;ukd cdkifjrJapzdkY&mwHcg;abmif (usnf;acG)\ ywfywfvnf ESpfawmifhxGmt&yfukd t*Faw


(odkYr[kwf) ajrnufwdkYjzifh (wHcg;&Gufjzifh ½kdufrdwwfí uGmrusatmif)txyfxyf vdrf;usHEdkifonf/ avomjyLwif; wHcg;&Gufrsm;udk cdkifjrJ-atmif jyKzdkY&efvnf; xdkavomjyLwif;\ ywfywfvnfü txyfxyfvdrf;usHEkdifonf/ tay:trdk;ukdvnf; ESpfxyf oHk;xyftxd aumufyifçyJyifç Al;ç z½kHyif r&Sd&mt&yfü &yfvsuf udk,fwdkif Muyfrwf pDrHEkdifonf/xdkESpfxyf oHk;xyfxuf wdk;í pDrHvQifum; aumufyJoD;ESH r&Sd&mt&yfü&yfvsuf pDrHapumrl ygpdwftmywfoifh\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) Ov’dwåm 0v’dwm ausmif;rsKd;omç þrSm 0d[m,l/ (ar'deD?294/)

]'Gdwdåpä'eóy&d,m,H}yk'f t"dyÜm,f

'GdwådESifh y&d,m,onf q'eóyk'fjcm;vsuf ormofpyfxm;onfjzpfí t,kwåormofyk'fwnf;/ ]e0H ye bdu©Kem pD0&vmabe}uJhodkYç]e0H ye bdu©Kem oE¦wH}uJhodkY ]e0H}ESifh ]pD0&}? ]e0H}ESifh ]oE¦wH} ausmfpyf-teuf ay;&onf/ ]'dGwdå}ESifh ]y&d,m,H}udk wGJí teufay;&onf[krSwf/

ew¬d [&dwH {w¬mwd tyÜ[&dwH = pdrf;pdkaom aumufyJoD;ESHr&Sdaom t&yfwnf;/ ]tyÜ}o'´gonf tydÜapämuJhodkY r&dSjcif; ]tbm0}teufukd a[monf/ ][&dw}o'´gonf pdrf;pdkaom tzsm;ü oD;aomaumufrsKd;ç tqpfüoD;aom Al; z½kHpaom yJrsKd;wdkYukd,l/ tMuifrsKd;aphonf v,f,mwdkYü MuJxm;umrQjzpfí tyifraygufao;aomfvnf;rdkCf;&Gmaomf tyifaygufvwåHU? xdkrsKd;aph MuJxm;&m t&yfrsKd;ukdvnf;pdrf;pdkaom aumufyJ ][&dw}yif qdk&rnf/

wawm ap Owå&d tyÜ[&dawyd Xdawm t"d|a[,s/

pdrf;pdkaom aumufyJ&Sd&m t&yfrsKd;ü &yfí pD&ifaom &[ef;tm;'kuú#f? aumufyJyif r&Sdaomfvnf; pkvpfrGef;cRef rwifaom ausmif;jzpf-tHh? acgif avsmuf eHyg; pkvpfrGef;cRefwifaom ausmif;jzpftHh? xkydum\


eHyg;ü &yfaomç trdk;ay:ü aeaom a,mufsm;onf trdk;pGef; jcifNrdwf-pGef;jzifh atmufodkY ikHYMunfhaomf ajrü&yfí pD&ifaom&[ef;udk jriftHh?&[ef;uvnf; tay:odkY armfíMunfhaomf xdktrdk;üaeaom a,mufsm;-ukd jriftHh? xdkjrif&mt&yfüom &yf&rnf/ jrif&mt&yftwGif;ü aumufyJ-yif r&Sdaomfvnf; NydKusonf&Sdaomf xdk&[ef;ukd ydrnfpdk;í r&yftyf[kod/

ESpfxyfoHk;xyf rdk;yHk

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10/ oyÜgPuodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

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txl;od&ef

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3/ bdu©Kaem0g'0*f odu©myk'f (10) yg; tusOf;csKyf

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3/ rusef;rrmemzsm;aom &[ef;rudk MuOfxm;í bdu©KeDrausmif;odkYcsOf;uyfí &[ef;rdef;rwdkYudk qHk;rjcif;aMumifh bdu©KEkyó,ygpdwf/

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5/ vJvS,fç zvS,fonfudk MuOfxm;í aqGrsKd;rawmfaom &[ef;-rdef;rtm; ouFef;ay;jcif;aMumifh pD0&'geygpdwf/

6/ aqGrsKd;rawmfaom &[ef;r\ ouFef;ukd csKyfjim;tHh? csKyfapjim;t?hHpD0&odAÁeygpdwf/

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8/ &[ef;rESifh wdkifyifnDñGwfí [dkbufurf;ç onfbufurf;ç zDvmjzwful;jcif;ukd MuOfxm;í qefavS pkefavS twlpD;jim;tHh? em0gbd-½k[eygpdwf/

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t"dyÜm,frsm;

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7/ &[ef;a,mufsm;rsm;ukd rqJ&jcif;?

8/ &[ef;a,mufsm;rsm; ajymqdkorQ iHkYcH&jcif;?

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bdu©Kaem0g'u t*Fg (8) yg;

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(4) abmZe0*f odu©myk'fq,fyg; tusOf;csKyf

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tm0oxyd@odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

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rtyfaom zdwfrefjcif; rtyfaom awmif;jcif; ESpfrsKd;wkdYwGifwpfrsKd;rsKd;ESifh qkdifaom abmZOfig;yg; wpfyg;yg;ukd &[ef;av;yg;ç ig;yg;


paom &[ef;wkdY twlwuG cH,lMuvQif xkdabmZOfonf *PabmZOf-tppf jzpfavNyD/

xkd*PabmZOfukd pm;vQif qGrf;vkwfwkdif; ygpdwftmywf oifh\/cH,l&efvmpOfu xkd&[ef;rsm; wuGJwjym;pD vmonfjzpfapç cH,lNyD;wjcm;pDjyefí wjcm;pD pm;Muonfjzpfap vkd&if;r[kwf? twlwuGcH,ljcif;om vkd&if;jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh ryifhwwfolu oHCmav;yg;ponfukd ]]reufjzef xrif;okH;aqmif <uyg? rkefY[if;cg;pm; <uyg}}ponfjzifh yifhzdwfvQif av;yg;vkH; wpfNydKifeuf rcHbJ wpfyg;u aemufrScH,lvQif tm;vkH;yif tmywfroifh tjypfvGwfonf[k rSwf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) &[ef;av;yg;ç ponfrsm;ukd?ig;yg;abmZOfç emrH wifí?zdwfvQifvnf;aumif;ç awmif;vQifwjcm;?&wkHjim;uç av;yg;pol wlcHrlçrSwf,l *PabmZOfwnf;/

abmZOfig;yg;

1/ Mo'e = pyg;ckepfrsKd;rSjzpfaom qefwpfrsKd;rsKd;ukd csufxm;onfhxrif; (0g) qGrf;/

2/ owåK = pyg;ckepfrsKd; qefukd trIefYaxmif;xm;onfh rIefY? rkHYvkH;/

3/ ukr®mo = rka,mpyg; (*sKHjzL) jzifh jyKvkyfaom rkefYtrsKd;rsKd;/

4/ rpä = ig; (a&owå0gtrsKd;rsKd;\ tom;/)

5/ rHo = trJ (ukef;owå0g trsKd;rsKd;\tom;/)

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) xrif; trJ ig;? rkefY ESpfyg;? ig;yg; abmZOfwnf;/

rtyfaom yifhzdwfenf;

*PabmZOfonf rtyfaom yifhzdwfjcif;ç rtyfaom awmif;jcif;-


[k tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh *PabmZOf ESpfrsKd; jym;\/

'umrkdufwpfa,mufonf wuGpka0;íjzpfapç wpfyg;pDjzpfapaeMuaom &[ef;av;yg;ig;yg;xH csOf;uyfí abmZOfig;yg;\ trnfukd,lí ]]Mo'aee edraEÅrd? bawåe edraEÅrd}} þokdY ponfjzifh ygVdvkdjzpfapxrif;udk tvSLcHygukef? rkefYvkH;ukd tvSLcHygukef ponfjzifh xrif;trnfrkefYtrnf ponfqkdí zdwfjcif;rsKd;ukd rtyfaom zdwfjcif;[k qkdonf/]owåK ukr®mo rpä rHo}[k ygVdbmomjzifh qkdí jzpfap? ]]rkefYvkH;rka,mrkefY ig;[if; trJom;[if; bkOf;ay;<uyg}}[k jrefrmbmomjzifhjzpfap yifhzdwfjcif;rsKd;onf rtyfaom yifhzdwfjcif; jzpfonf/

rtyfaom awmif;enf;

&[ef;av;yg; ig;yg; ponfwkYdonf twlwuGjzpfapç toD;toD;jzpfap aeí 'um 'umrukd jrifaomf ]]trSmuH bwåH a'[d - igwkdYtm;xrif;vSLMuyg}} ponfjzifh abmZOfig;yg;wkdY\ trnfukd EIwf>rufíygVdvkdjzpfapç jrefrmvkdjzpfap awmif;jcif;rsKd;ukd rtyfaom awmif;jcif;[k odyg/

tyfaom yifhzdwfenf;

bdu©H bkÍÆx? yd@ygwH bkÍÆx? rpäbdu©H bkÍÆx? rHobdu©H bkÍÆx?ponfjzifh ygVdbmomjzifhjzpfap ]]qGrf;bkOf;ay;<uyg? ig;qGrf;bkOf;ay;<uyg? tom;qGrf; bkOf;ay;<uyg}} ponfjzifh jrefrmtokH;jzifhjzpfapyifhzdwfjcif;rsKd;um; tyfaom yifhzdwfjcif;rsKd; jzpfonf/

,ckumv owdjyKzG,f

qGrf;pm;<uygç qGrf;bkOf;ay;<uyg ponfjzifh qGrf;[laom tokH;-tEIef;rsm; EIwfwufaeMu em;vnfaeMuNyD;jzpfí ]xrif;}[k qkdí-yifhzdwfjcif;twGuf *PabmZOfjzpfzG,f r&SdNyD? okdYaomf EIwfrvkduf


ao;aom ]]ig;aMumf bkOf;ay;<uygç ig;[if; bkOf;ay;<uygç rkefY[if;cg;pm;<uygç rkefYwD ç acgufqGJ bkOf;ay;<uyg}} paom tokH;tEIef;rsm;onfrtyfaom tokH;tEIef;rsm;wnf;/ xkduJhokdY tokH;tEIef;jzifh av;yg;ponftm; yifhzdwfvmaomf y,fomvQify,f? ry,fomvQif okH;yg;pDESpfyg;pD ponf cH,lí tjcm;wpfae&mokYd oGm;a&muf pm;aomufEkdif\/rkefY[if;cg;qGrf;ç rkefYwDqGrf;ç MumqHBuD;qGrf;ç acgufqGJqGrf; ponfjzifh]qGrf;}[laom a0g[m&udk aemufu xnfhí yifhzdwfrSomvQif tyfaomyifhzdwfjcif;rsKd;jzpfí 'um'umrrsm; avQmufwwf yifhzdwfwwfatmifavhusifh oifMum;ay;xm;oifhonf/

abmZOftrnfjzifh zdwfvQifvnf; *PabmZOf

yÍöEéH abmZemeH emrH *a[wGm - ig;yg;aom abmZOfwkdY\trnfukd,lí qkdjcif;aMumifh-[k vm&SdaomaMumifh - ]]abmZeH *PSx}}abmZOfukd tvSLcHyg/ ]abmZOfpm; <uyg}[k qkdaomfvnf; *PabmZOfjzpfonf[k qkdMu\/

or,ckepfyg; tEkynwfckepfyg;

1/ ajcuGJjcif;wnf;[laom taMumif;aMumifh qGrf;rcHEkdifavmufatmifrusef;rrmjzpf&mtcgonf *dvmeor, rnf\/

2/ uxdefrcif;aomf 0guRwfouFef;umv wpfv? uxdefcif;aomfwaygif;vjynfhaeYtxd ig;vonf pD0&'geor, rnf\/

3/ topfjzpfaom ouFef;ü jzwfç csKyfç qkd;jcif;paom trIudpöjyK&mumvonf pD0&um&or, rnf\/

4/ ukef;aMumif;c&D;jzifh ,lZemcGJpaom t"GefY&Snfaom c&D;ukd oGm;qJoGm;NyD;umvonf t'¨ge*reor, rnf\/

5/ avSpD;ç oabFmpD;ojzifh ,lZemcGJpaom c&D;okdYoGm;aom umv-onf em0gbd½k[eor, rnf\/


6/ &Gmwpf&Gm0,f &[ef;okH;yg;om qGrf;cHpm;avmuf\ av;yg;ajrmufwpfyg;xyfwkd;vmvQif qGrf;cHí rrQw? xkd&GmtwGuf xkd&[ef;av;yg;wkdY pkrd&mtcgonf r[mor, rnf\? xkdxufBuD;aom&GmNrdKUrsm;ü xkdxufrsm;aom &[ef;rsm; pkrdMuojzifh qGrf;cHírrQwvQifvnf; r[mor,yifwnf;/

7/ oDwif;okH;azmf ig;a,mufESifhwuG &aoh y&dAkdZf wdw¬d orPtrnf&olwkdYonf xrif;jzifh yihfzdwf vSL'gef;jcif;&Sdaom umv-onf orPbwåor, rnf\/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) þor,ckepfyg;wkdYü ]xrif;}trnfjzifh yifhzdwfvSL'gef;Mu-aomfvnf; &[ef;av;yg; ig;yg; vkdufpm;aumif;onftmywfroifh[k rSwf/

tmywfoifhykH roifhykHrsm;

*PabmZOfü wduygpdwf? *PabmZOf r[kwf&mü 'ku'kuú#f?*PabmZOf r[kwfonfü *PabmZOf r[kwf[k trSwf&Sdaom(&[ef;av;yg; ponf r[kwfbJ) &[ef; ESpfyg;okH;yg; twlwuG cH,l-aom&[ef; tmywfroifh? qGrf;cHoGm;í twlwuG pm;aom&[ef;?edpöbwf ponfwkdYüvnf;aumif; abmZOfig;yg;ukd y,fxm;í tjcm;-cJzG,fç aomufzG,fç vsufzG,f ponf pm;aom&[ef;? pma&;wHqGrf;çvqef;vqkwfü vSLaomqGrf;ç OykofaeYü vSLaomqGrf;ç txGuf-wpf&ufaeYvSLaom qGrf;wkdYü okH;aqmiftHh tmywfroifh/

(3) y&rÜ&abmZeodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

*PabmZeodu©myk'fü jyqkdcJhonfhtwkdif; rtyfaom yifhzdwf-enf;jzifh zdwfrefxm;aom abmZOf&SdvQif (zdwfol wpfOD;wnf;jzpfu)tjcm;enf; qGrf;cHí &jcif;ponfjzifh &aom qGrf;ukd rpm;ao;bJxkdrtyfaom zdwfol\ abmZOfukdom yxrpm;&rnf/ ]pm;}[l&mü


wpfvkwfavmuf pm;rdvQif ]]pm;jcif;}} jzpfawmh\/ txufu qkdcJh-onfhtwkdif; rtyfaomenf;jzifh ESpfOD;okH;OD;ponf zdwfxm;vQifvnf;tpOftwkdif; pm;&rnf/ *dvmeor, paomtcg okH;yg;&olvnf;r[kwf? 0duyÜemvnf; rjyKbJ a&SUzdwfaomol\ abmZOfukd aemufrSpm;aemufzdwfaom ol\ abmZOfukd t&ifpm;vQif qGrf;vkwfwkdif; ygpdwftmywf oifh\/ rtyfaom a0g[m&jzifh zdwfol\ abmZOfudk yxrpm;&rnf[k qdkxm;&m omoemESifh r&if;ESD; tuRrf;r0ifaom 'umrsm;-tm; OD;pm;ay;xm;ykH&onf/

0duyÜemjyKyHk

'umESpfOD;oHk;OD;wdkYu rtyfaom enf;jzifh yifhzdwf&mü a&S;zdwfaom 'um\ abmZOfukd rpm;vdk aemufzdwfaom 'um\abmZOfudkpm;vdkvwfaomf oDwif;oHk;azmf ig;OD;wdkYwGif wpfa,mufa,muftm;]]r,SH bwåypömoH wk,SH 'r®d - ]]r,SH bwåypömoH wk,SH 'r®d - ]]r,SH bwåypömoH wk,SH 'r®d - ]]r,SH bwåypömoH wk,SH 'r®d - ]]r,SH bwåypömoH wk,SH 'r®d - þrnfaom 'umxH igarQmfvifhawmifhw &tHhaom abmZOfukd oifhtm; ay;yg\}} [lívnf;aumif;? ]]r,SH]]r,SH]]r,SH]]r,SH]]r,SHbwåypömoH wk,SH 0duayÜrd - bwåypömoH wk,SH 0duayÜrd - bwåypömoH wk,SH 0duayÜrd - bwåypömoH wk,SH 0duayÜrd - bwåypömoH wk,SH 0duayÜrd - þrnfaom 'umxH igarQmfvifhawmifhw&thHaom abmZOfukd oifhtm; 0duyÜemjyKyg (0g) pGefYyg\}}-[lívnf;-aumif; rsufarSmuf0duyÜemjyKykH wpfrsKd;/

]]r,SH bwåypömoH £wåEémró (wdóó) 'r®d - þrnfaom'umxHü igarQmfvifh awmifhwtyfaom abmZOfukd þrnfaomoltm;(wdótm;) ay;yg\}}[lí rsufuG,f0duyÜemjyKyHk wpfrsKd;/

þokdYtm;jzifh 0duyÜemjyKyHk ESpfrsKd;jym;\/ xdkESpfrsKd;wdkYwGif wpfrsKd;-rsKd;jzifh a&S;OD;pGm yifhzdwfaom'um\ abmZOfukd 0duyÜemrjyKbJ aemufyifhaom 'um\ abmZOfudk pm;rdtHh ygpdwftmywfoifh\/ 0duyÜemjyKíaemuf'um\ qGrf;ukdpm;aomf tmywfroifh/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) 0duyÜem? jyKpm;yg? usrf;vm tyfownf;/


tmywfoifhyHk roifhyHkrsm;

y&rÜ&abmZOfü wduygpdwf? y&rÜ&abmZOf r[kwf&mü 'ku'kuú#f?y&rÜ&abmZOf r[kwfonfü r[kwf[k trSwf&Sdaom&[ef; tmywfroifh? xdkYjyif or,oHk;yg;üvnf;aumif;ç 0duyÜemjyKívnf;aumif;çwpfaygif;wnf;jyKívnf;aumif; pm;aom&[ef;ç yifhzdwfaom tpOf-twdkif; pm;aom&[ef;ç ]xrif;udk tvSLcHyg}[k yifhzdwfaomf ]oifhxrif;udk ig tvdkr&Sd? qGrf;ukdom cH,lrnf}[k cH,laom &[ef;ç edpöbwfoHCbwf Oaygoxbwf ovmubwf ponfwdkYüvnf;aumif;çabmZOfig;yg;ukd z,fxm;í cJzG,f aomufzG,fwdkYüvnf;aumif;çOr®wåuwdkYü vnf;aumif; tmywfroifh/

(4) umPrmwmodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

umPowdkYorD;\ rdcifukd taMumif;jyKí odu©myk'fjzpfay:vm-aomaMumifh umPrmwmodu©myk'f[k emrnfwyfonf/ tdrfodkY csOf;-uyfvmaom &[ef;udk ylyç rE¦ (rkefYç rkefYvkH;)wdkYjzifh &[ef;txH a&S;½Iaqmif,lí (tvdk&Sdovdk cH,lzdkY&ef) zdwfrefvmvQif ESpfoydwf oHk;oydwfjynfh oydwftwGif; EIwfcrf;a&;ESif htnDavmufom (ESpfyg;pm oHk;yg;pm)cH,lEkdif\/ xdkxuf wdk;í cH,lvQifum; ygpdwftmywf oifh\/ ESpfoydwfoHk;oydwf cH,lNyD;aemufvnf; xdk ylyç rE¦wdkYudk twla0zefí oHk;aqmifzkdY&ef 0wå&m;&Sdonf/ oHk;ckajrmufoydwf pkefYpkefYarmufwufatmif cH,ltHh?oydwftwGif;EIwfcrf;a&;rS vGefaom rkefYta&twGuftwdkif; ygpdwftmywfoifh\/

ylyESifh rE¦ rSwfzG,f

yl&-"mwf wpfenf; yl-"mwf y-ypönf;? rm*"tbd"mefwdkYü ]yly}[k &Sd\/ ,ck pmtcsKdU0,f ]yl0}[k &dSdonfum; ygXfysufomwnf;/ þ


]yly}o'gonf pyg;rsKd; ckepfyg;\ qeftrsKd;rsKd;udk trIefYaxmif;í jyKvkyftyfaom rkefY[lorQudk a[maomfvnf; þodu©myk'fü 0w¦KaMumif;tm;avsmfpGm vufaqmifay;zdkY vkyftyfaom ]yly}ukdom ,l/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) usrf; bd"me? [lorQu? ]yly} qdkvQif? xdkxdk rkefYpk? a[m½dk;jyKvnf;? 0w¬KaMumif;wGuf? avsmfatmif qufí? vufaqmifay;p&mh? rkefYukdrQ? ]yly} a[mownf;/ (bmom#D?273/)

]rE¦} o'´gonf tbd"meftvkd tA'¨owåK (qeftrsKd;rsKd;\ trIefYoufoufukd axmywfponf a&mvsuf a&at;aESmNyD;vQif aomufzkdY-&m jzpfaom trIefYomref)ukd a[m\/ okdYaomf þodu©myk'füum;qkdtyfNyD;aom tvkH;tcJjzpfapç rqkyf&ao;aom trIefYjzpfapç ESrf;vkH;qefvkH;oufoufjzpfap vrf;c&D;ü pm;zkdY&m &du©mtvkdYiSm pDrHtyforQukd]rE¦} [k qkdonf/ (tA'¨ = rzGJUqkyftyfaom/ owåK = trIefY)

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) rE¦o'gç bd"mefvmum;ç rsm;pGm rkefYrIefYç a[m½kd;usKHUvnf;ç rcsKdU-aygif;½kH;ç þtokH;rlç rkefYvkH;rkefYcJç rkefYnufusJESifhç ESrf;vnf; qefygçvrf;&du©m&ç rSeforQç rE¦a[mavonf/ (bmom#Dum?273/)

ar'deDüum; y0wd y0wåwDwd yl0H? vufaqmiftvkdYiSm pD&iftyf-aom tvGeft&om&Sdonf\ tjzpfjzifhjzpfaom uwGwfrkefY <uufuspf-rkefYpaom cJzG,f&ap/

ouú#tbd"mef rm*"tbd"mefwkdYü ]yly}[k ygXf &Sd\/ yd#uwf-awmfü ]yl0}[k ygXf &Sdonf/ c&D;tMum;ü okH;aqmifjcif; &du©mtvkdUiSmpD&iftyfaom rkefYqkyfç ESrf;qef ponfwkdYukd ]rE¦}[k qkdonf/ ygpdwfygVdawmfü ]yl0}[k &Sd\/ PTm'darm*¾vmefü ]yly} &Sd\[k qkdxm;\/

okH;oydwf atmuftem;a&;ESifhtnD jynfh½kHcH&rnf

yifukdu vufaqmifay;&ef (okdY) &du©mjyK&efpDrHtyfaom rkefYESrf;-qefjzpfí okH;oydwfxufykdatmif cH,lvQif tvSL&SifrSm rlv&nf&G,f-


xm;aom vufaqmif vrf;&du©m vkHavmufzG,f r&Sd&um; tvkdufrod-&m a&muf\/ xkdYaMumifh &[ef;tm;vkH;twGuf okH;oydwfjynfhxufrykdvGefapbJ cH,lzkdY ynwfawmfrlonf/

qGrf;cH&[ef;wkYd\ wm0efrsm;

xkduJhokdY ylyç rE¦wkdYjzifh avmif;vSLae&m0,f wpfoydwftjynfhomcH,lcJholonf tdrfrSxGufí tjcm;&[ef; wpfyg;awGUvQif ]]wynfhawmfwpfoydwf cH,lcJhNyD}}[k ajym&rnf/ 'kwd,&[ef;uvnf; wpfoydwf-jynfhom cH,lvQif aemufxyf tjcm;&[ef;tm; yxr&[ef;u wpfo-ydwf ,ckwynfhawmfu wpfoydwf cH,lNyD;NyD[k ajym&rnf/ wwd,&[ef;u wpfoydwf cH,lNyD;aemuf tjcm;awGUaom &[ef;tm; okH;o-ydwf jynfhoGm;NyDjzpfí aemufxyf rcH,lESifhawmh[k ajym&rnf/ yxr&[ef;u ESpfoydwf okdYr[kwf okH;oydwfcH,lNyD;&müvnf; xkdenf;twkdif;aemufxyf rcH,lzkdY ajym&rnf/ rnfonfhenf;ESifhrqkd xkdwpftdrfwnf;rS&[ef;tm;vkH;twGuf okH;oydwfjynfhxuf rykdvGefap&yg/

&[ef;oHCmrsm;tm; rkefYa0zefykH

ylyç rE¦wkdYukd cH,lMu&mü okH;oydwfcH,lcJhNyD;aom &[ef;onfrdrdtwGuf wpfoydwf z,fxm;NyD; usefESpfoydwfukd &[ef;oHCmrsm;okH;aqmif&ef a0zefvSL'gef;&rnf/ ESpfoydwf cH,lcJhaom &[ef;uvnf;rdrdtwGuf wpfoydwfxm;í usefwpfoydwfukd xkdYtwl okH;aqmifa0zef&rnf/ wpfoydwfcH,lcJhaom &[ef;um; rdrd tvkd&Sdovkd okH;-aqmifEkdifonf/ a0zef&müvnf; rkefY&&mtdrfrS teD;qkH;jzpfaom qGrf;-pm;Z&yf ausmif; tjrJwrf; zJ&mt&yfokdY oGm;í a0zef&rnf/ rdrdtaqGcifyGef; cspfcifuRrf;0if&m t&yfokdY oGm;íum; rvSL&[k odyg/


tmywfrsm;oifhykHç roifhykH

'Gdwådywåyl&ü wduygpdwf? 'ku'kuú#f? okH;oydwfatmuf ,kwfonfü,kwfonf\ trSwf&Sdí cH,lapaom &[ef;tm; tmywfroifh? xkdYtwlvufaqmifç &du©mtvkdYiSm r[kwfaom rkefYudk cH,laom&[ef;ç vuf-aqmifç &du©mrS <uif;aomrkefYukd cH,laom&[ef;ç c&D;oGm;jcif;udpö-NyD;aom rkefYukd cH,laom&[ef;ç aqGrsKd;awmfol zdwfrefxm;olwkdY\rkefYukd cH,laom&[ef;ç rdrdOpömjzifh &,laom&[ef;ç Or®wåu&[ef;-wkdYtm; tmywfroifh/

(5) yxry0g&Pmodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

abmZOfig;yg; wpfyg;yg;ukd wcsKdUwpf0ufukd pm;NyD;aemuf usef-wcsKdUukd qufvufpm;aepOf uyÜd, (tyfpyfaom) abmZOfig;yg;ukdukd,fEIwfjzifh wm;jrpfrdí y0g&dwfoifhtHh? xkdokdY y0g&dwfoifhNyD;aemuf£&d,mykxf wpfrsKd;ajymif;í *dvme\ tusefjzpfaom cJzG,f abmZOf-ukd MuOfí twd&dwf0denf;uH rjyKbJ pm;vQif ygpdwftmywf oifh\/

abmZOfig;yg;

pm;qJabmZOfig;yg;ukd y,fjrpfrdrSom y0g&dwfoifhí abmZOf-ig;yg; odzkdY vkdonf/ Mo'e Mo'e Mo'e Mo'e Mo'e = xrif;? owåK owåK owåK owåK owåK = qefrIefY? (a&S;u rkefYvkH;-[k ay;MuonfrSm tajctjrpf r&Sd?) ukr®mo ukr®mo ukr®mo ukr®mo ukr®mo = rka,mpyg;jzifhjyKtyfaom wpf0ufusuf tpmwpfrsKd;? rpä = rpä = rpä = rpä = rpä = ig;? rHo rHo rHo rHo rHo = trJ (ukef;-owå0gç Muufç 0ufç EGm; ponfwkdY\ tom;)wkdYukd abmZOfig;yg;[kac:\/

Mo'e[lonf pyg;rsKd;ckepfyg;\ qefwkdYudk csuftyfaom xrif;-wnf;/ vufjzifhaumfí &aumif;aom ,m*ktyspfvnf; yg0if\/,m*ktusJum; ryg0if y0g&dwfroifh/


owåK[lonf pyg;rsKd; ckepfyg;\qefukd avSmfí trIefYjyKxm;tyf-aom qefrIefYnufukd owåK[k ac:\/ xkdqefrIefYnufukd axmywçfysm;&nfç wifvJ ponfjzifh a&mí a&at;jzifh arTaESmufvsuf pm;-aomufavh &SdMu\/ xkd trIefYukd axmywfponfESifh wGJí tcJtvkH;jyKvsufvnf; pm;Mu[ef &SdMu\/ rkefYrIefYESifh rkefYvkH;ukd,l/

ukr®moukr®moukr®moukr®moukr®mo[lonf qefukd wpf0ufusuf½kHrQ jyKwftyfaom tpm-wpfrsKd;wnf;/ rk*¾rmo (yJrIefY)ponfukdvnf; xkduJhokdY csufjyKwfMu\/y0g&dwft&mü qefukdvkyfaom ukr®moukd ,l&rnf/ a&S;u rka,mrkefY[kay;Mu\/ rka,mukd tbd"mefedosopfü ]*sKHjzL}[k ay;\/

rpäç rHowkYdum; xif&Sm;NyD? ,m*kESifh [if;csKdrsm;ü ykZGefajcmufçig;çtrJtenf;i,f yg0ifaevQif xkd,m*kç [if;csKdrsm;yif y0g&dwf oifhap-Ekdif\/(aqmif) xrif; ig;om;? rkefY ESpfyg;? ig;yg; abmZOfwnf;/

y0g&dwft*Fg ig;yg;

1/ pm;qJ (pm;í rNyD;ao;) jzpfjcif;?

2/ abmZOfig;yg; wpfyg;yg;jzpfjcif;? (abmZOfigyg;wGif ryg0ifaom qDçqm;ç [if;rsm;ESifh opfoD;ç yJjzifh vkyfaom rkefY ponfwkdYukd y,fjrpf-aomfvnf; y0g&dwfroifh/)

3/ ay;olu &[ef;\ ESpfawmifhxGm [w¬ygoftwGif;okdY 0ifa&mifjcif;([w¬ygof tjyifbufuay;onf uyfonfukd y,faomfvnf;y0g&dwfroifh/)

4/ aqmif,lckdufjzpfjcif; (vufjzifhajr§mufí rí aqmifxm;ckduf y,frSy0g&dwfoifhonf/(atmufü csxm;aom qGrf;ponfukd ],lrvm;}[k EIwfjzifh ar;onfukd y,f&mü y0g&dwfroifh/)

5/ ukd,fEIwfjzifh y,fjcif;? (vufumjyjcif; acgif;&rf;jcif; ]awmfNyD}


]rxnfhESifh} paom ukd,fEIwfjzifh jrpfrS y0g&dwfoifhonf/

(aqmif) pm;qJ abmZOf? [wfwGif;0if? aqmifpOf ukd,fEIwfjrpf?t*Fgig;vD? pkjynfhnD? oifhNyD y0ga&wf/ (bmom#Dum?277/)

y0g&dwfoifhNyD; abmZOfukd okH;aqmifcGifh

abmZOfig;yg; pm;aepOf &[ef;jzpfapç vljzpfap wpfOD;OD;uabmZOfig;yg; vmqufuyf&m [w¬ygoftwGif; ta&mufwGif y,fjrpf-rdvQif y0g&dwfoifh\/ xkdy0g&dwfoifhaom &[ef;onf £&d,mykxfajymif;NyD;aemuf rdrdoydwftwGif; &SdNyD;aom cJzG,f abmZOfESifh aemufvmvmorQaom cJzG,fabmZOfwkdYukd rpm;oifhawmhNyD/ qufuyfvmaom abmZOfrsm;om rpm;aumif;[k xifwwfMu\/ owdjyKyg/

y0g&dwfoifhNyD; jzpfaomfvnf; -

1/ pm;qJ£&d,mykxfukd rzsufbJ qufpm;jcif;/

2/ *dvmet<uif;tusef jzpfjcif;/

3/ twd&dwf 0denf;uHjyKjcif;/

þokH;rsKd; wpfrsKd;rsKd;udk jzpfu y0g&dwfoifhNyD; abmZOfukd okH;aqmif-cGifh&Sd\? tmywfroifhay/

1/ pm;qJ£&d,mykxf rzsufbJ qufpm;jcif;

t*Fgig;yg;ESifh nDñGwfí y0g&dwfoifhNyD;aom &[ef;onf y0g&dwfoifh½kHrQjzifh rnfonfhtmywfrQ roifhao;? xkdifvsuf y0g&dwfoifhvQifxkdxkdifjcif; £&d,mykxfukd rzsufao;bJ qufí pm;aomufEkdifao;\/vrf;oGm;&if; pm;aeckduf y0g&dwfoifhjyefvQifvnf; oGm;jcif; £&d,mykxf-ukd rzsufbJ r0rcsif; pm;Ekdifao;\/ y0g&dwfoifhNyD;í £&d,mykxfajymif;vGJNyD;aemufum; *dvmetusef r[kwfaomç twd&dwf 0denf;uH-aomfvnf; rjyKtyfaom cJzG,fabmZOf (,m0umvdutpm) trsKd;rsKd;-


wkdYudk rpm;aumif;awmhNyD? pm;vQif ygpdwftmywfoifh\/

2/ *dvmet<uif;tusefjzpfjcif;

*dvmetusef [l&mü *dvmepm;NyD;í usefrSom r[kwf? *dvmezkdYrSeforQ *dvmersm;twGuf &nfrSef;xm;orQ cJzG,fabmZOfrsm;ukd]*dvmemwd&dwå} (= *dvmetusef) [kyif qkd&onf/ abmZOfig;yg;wGifryg0ifaom ,m0umvdu rkefYç opfoD;rsm;udk cJzG,f[k ac:onf/

3/ twd&dwf0denf;uH t*Fg (7) yg;

1/ uyÜdjcif;ig;rsKd;jzifh uyÜdNyD;aom cJzG,f tyfaomtom; ukv'loerIça0ZÆur®rIponfrS vGwfaom tyfaomabmZOf[k qkdtyfaomcJzG,f abmZOf jzpfjcif;/

2/ þtyfaom cJzG,f abmZOfonf tuyfcHNyD;om; jzpfjcif;/

3/ þtyfaom cJzG,f abmZOfukd 0denf;"kd&fteD; ajr§mufcsD ñTwfukdif;-jcif;ukd jyKjcif;/

4/ 0denf;"kd&fteD; [w¬ygofüaeí ]]twd&dwåH ua&mx baEÅtwd&dwåH ua&mx baEÅtwd&dwåH ua&mx baEÅtwd&dwåH ua&mx baEÅtwd&dwåH ua&mx baEÅ = t&Sif-bk&m; tykdtvGef t<uif;tusefukd jyKygukef}}[k EIwf>ruf[íqkdjcif;? þt*Fgav;yg;um; y0g&dwfoifhaom &[ef;u jyK&rnhftcgwnf;/

5/ twd&dwf0denf;uH jyKay;aom 0denf;"kd&fonf y0g&dwfoifhaom&[ef;\ abmZOfukd tenf;i,frQ (t,kwfqkH; qGrf;wpfvkH;rQ) ,lípm;vkdufjcif;/

6/ qGrf;pm;pOf y0g&dwfoifhxm;aom 0denf;"kd&fonf 0denf; uHjyKay;-vkdaomf xkdae&mrS rx&ao;jcif; (£&d,mykxf rajymif;vTJ&jcif;)y0g&dwfoifhaeol r[kwfvQifum; rdrd pm;ae&mrS xNyD; aqmif-&Gufaomfvnf; t*Fgrysuf/


7/ 0denf;"kd&fonf ]]tvarwH oAÁH tvarwH oAÁH tvarwH oAÁH tvarwH oAÁH tvarwH oAÁH = þtvkH;pkHonf igawmfNyDigrpm;awmhNyD}}[k >rufqkd&jcif; þt*FgokH;yg;um; 0denf;"kd&f jyK&rnfht*Fgwnf;/ aygif;aomf twd&dwft*Fg (7)yg;wnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) tyfNyD; uyfcH? ajr§mufjyef eD;[? þav;0? oifhx bdu©K t*Fg-wnf;/ pm;NyD;rSom? oifhum rx? tvarwH? þokH;wef? rSwf&ef0de,"&t*Fgwnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) tyfNyD; uyfcH? ajr§mufjyef eD;[? pm;NyD;rSom?oifhum rx? tvarwH? ckepfwef?aygif;jyef twd&dwft*Fgwnf;/

y0g&dwfroifhaom tpm;tpmrsm;

rtyfaom tom;BuD; (10)yg;? ukv'loerIç a0ZÆur®rIç Owå&d-rEkó"r®a&mperI a&TaiGcHrIaMumifh &&Sdonfjzpfaom tuyÜd,abmZOf-rsm;ukd y,fjrpfaomf y,ftyfaom 0w¬Kukd y,f&ma&mufaomaMumifhy0g&dwf roifh? pm;vQif 'kuú#foifh\/

abmZOfig;yg;rS tvGwfjzpfaom ,m0umvducJzG,frsm;ç ,mr-umvduç owåm[umvduç ,m0ZD0duypönf;rsm; y,fjrpf&mü y0g&dwfroifh? okdY&mwGif ,mrumvduç owåm[umvduç ,m0ZD0duwkdYudktm[m&tvkdYiSm cH,ltHh 'kuú#f? rsKdwkdif;rsKdwkdif; 'kuú#f? tmrdoESifhwuGa&mpm;rl ygpdwftmywf oifh\/

cJzG,f (12) rsKd;

tjrpfcJzG,fç tOç tpG,fç tan§mufç yifpnfç tacgufç t&GufçtyGifhç toD;ç taphç trIefYç tap;cJzG,ftm;jzifh cJzG,f (12)yg;wdkYwnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) jrpfç Oç pG,fç an§muf? yifç acgufç &Gufç yGifh? oD;ç aphqifh?rIefYESifh ap;q,fhESpf/ tm[m&udpö? NyD;apu? ,m0umvdum/


rNyD;apu? tjrpfp? ,m0ZD0dum/

tmywfoifhykHrsm;

tewd&dwåü wduygpdwf? 'ku'kuú#f? twd&dwåü twd&dwåjyKNyD;[krSwfaom&[ef; tmywfroifh? twd&dwf0denf;uH jyKapípm;tHh[k,laom&[ef;ç olwpfyg;tusKd;iSm cH,laom&[ef;ç ,mrumvduçowåm[umvduç ,m0ZD0duwkdYü ydygotaMumif; *dvmetaMumif;ponfjzifh cGifhjyKtyfaom okH;aqmifjcif;\ tpGrf;jzifh tmrdouif;-onfukdjyKí pm;aom&[ef;ç Or®wåu&[ef;wkdYü tmywfroifh/

(6) 'kwd,y0g&Pmodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

qGrf;pm;pOf y0g&dwfoifhaom &[ef;ukd y0g&dwfoifhaeaom&[ef;rSef;odvsuf tjypfwifvkdí (tmywfjzifh apm'emvkdí) twd&dwf0denf;uH rjyK&ao;aom (okdYr[kwf) *dvmetusef r[kwfaom cJzG,fabmZOfukd xkd&[ef;xHokdY aqmif,lNyD;vQif ]]a&mh cJprf;yg? pm;prf;yg}}[kzdwfvQif a&S;½Iaqmif,lonfhtwGuf 'kuú#f? zdwfonfhtwGuf 'kuú#f?xkdtzdwfcH&aom&[ef;um; pm;vQif rsKdwkdif;rsKdwkdif; zdwfaom &[ef;rSmygpdwftmywf oifhonf/ ,mrumvduponf okH;yg;ukd tm[m&-tusKd;iSm aqmif,ltHh 'kuú#f? xkdumvduwkdYukd cH,ljcif; pm;jcif;wkdYü-vnf; 'kuú#f[k odyg/

(7) 0dumvabmZeodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

umvç 0dumvç umvdu[k (3)rsKd; cGJjcm; rSwfom;xm;yg? umv-t& &[ef;wkdY\ qGrf;bkOf;ay;csdeftcg (t½kPfwufNyD;rS pí rGef;wnfhwkdifatmifaom tcg)ukd ,l/ 0dumvt& umvawm = &[ef;awmfwkdYqGrf;bkOf;ay;csdefcgrS/ 0duawm = uif;aom tcgonf/ 0dumavm =0dumvrnf\/ 0dumv[lonf rGef;wnfhNyD;aemuf t½kPfwufonfh-


wkdifatmif tcgwnf;/ 0dumav = qGrf;bkOf;ay;csdefrS uif;aomtcgü(o'w¬wnf;?) (0g) aevGJaomtcgü? (trsm;rSwfom; tyfaom oauF-wteuf?) xkdaevGJaomtcgü tmrdo[laom cJzG,f abmZOfukdpm;jcif;tusKd;iSm tuyfcHtHh 'kuú#f? rsKdwkdif;rsKdwkdif; ygpdwf/

umvdu[lonf - umav = owfrSwfaom tcgü/ bkÍÆdwAÁmed= pm;xkdufukef\t& ykdif;jcm;tyfaom olUumvtwGif;ü pm;xkduf-aom tpmrsm;ukd umvdu[k ac:\/ xkdumvduum; ,m0umvduç,mrumvduç owåm[umvduç ,m0ZD0dutm;jzifh av;rsKd; &Sd\/

þodu©myk'fü ,m0umvdu cJzG,f abmZOfwkdYukd ,lyg/ ,mr-umvdu paom <uif;umvduokH;rsKd;ukd tm[m&tusKd;iSm cHtHh 'kuú#f?pm;rsKdjcif;wkdYüvnf; 'kuú#f? xkdumvduokH;yg;ukd ydygotaMumif;*dvmetaMumif; &Sdí okH;aqmifaomf temywåd/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) ,m0umvdum? cH-rsKdyg? 'kufyg pOfwkdif;rSwf/[m&usKd;iSm? <uif;umvdu? cHrsKdu? {u 'kuú#wf/taMumif;&Sdrl? okH;aqmifol? rSwf,l temygwf/

umvdu (4)rsKd; cGJjcm;ykHrsm; umvdutcef;okdY Munfhyg/

tusOf;rQ rSwf&ef

,m0umvdu,m0umvdu,m0umvdu,m0umvdu,m0umvdu - t½kPfwufNyD;onfrS pí rGef;wnfhonfwkdif-atmif pm;rsKd&aom toD;BuD;ukd;vkH; abmZOfig;yg; cJzG,fwpfq,fhESpfyg;pyg;rsKd;ckepfyg; yJtrsKd;rsKd; a*g&ookH;yg;jzpfonf/ ,mrumvdu -usrf;*efvm azsmf&nf (8)rsKd;ESifh tEkavmrtazsmf&nf&SpfrsKd; jzpfonf/rGef;wnfhNyD; t½kPfrwufrD aomufaumif;\/ owåm[umvdu -aboZÆodu©myk'fvm ]oydÜ} paom aq;ig;rsKd;wnf;/ ,m0ZD0du -tm[m&udpöukd rNyD;apEkdifaom xdkxdka'oü pm;zG,faomufzG,f-tjzpfjzifh oHk;pJGavhr&Sdaom tazsmf&nfrsKd;ç owåm[umvdu aq;rsKd;-


wGif ryg0ifaom refusnf;&GufMurf;ç uifyGef;&GufMurf;paom t&Gufçtjrpfç tacgufç tOrsm;wnf;/

yuwdtm[m&udpö cGJjcm;yHk

cg'eD,-t& tjrpfcJzG,f paom (12)yg; qdkcJhonf/ þü yuwdtm[m&\ tpGrf;jzifh vlwdkY\ cJzG,f abmZOfudpöukd NyD;apaom tjrpfponf ,m0umvdu? yuwdtm[m&udpöukd rNyD;apEkdifaom tjrpfponf ,m0ZD0du[k cGJjcm;rSwfom;Edkifonf/

ajrMoZm&Sdaom t&yfü aumufyJpaom ,m0umvduwdkYESifhra&mbJ xdktjrpf ponfudk xrif;uJhodkY oHk;aqmifEkdifjcif;onf yuwdtm[m&udpöukd NyD;apEdkifonf rnf\/ Oyrm - xef;jrpfç yJjrpfç yJçpdrf;pm;O ponfwnf;/ xdktm[m&udpö NyD;apEkdifaom tjrpfponfonf,m0umvduwnf;/

ajrMoZm r&Sdaom t&yfü aumufyJpaom 0w¬KESifh ra&mbJ xdk-tjrpf tOponfudk xrif;uJhodkY roHk;aqmifEdkifjcif;onf yuwdudpörNyD;apEkdifonf rnf\/ Oyrm-csif;ç jiKwfaumif;ç ydwfcsif;ç yef;Oçrefusnf;&GufMurf; ponfwnf;/ xdk tm[m&udpöukd rNyD;apEkdifaomtjrpfponfukd ,m0ZD0du[k rSwf/

tcsKdUaom tjrpfonf EkpOfuom tm[m&udpöukd NyD;apí&ifhaomumv rNyD;aponfvnf; &Sd\/ tcsKdU jyKwfjcif; azsmjcif;jyKygrStm[m&udpö NyD;apí rjyKwf razsmvQif rNyD;aponfvnf; &Sd\/ ,m0-umvduESifh ,m0ZD0ducJG&mü tm[m&udpöNyD;ap rNyD;apom vdk&if;-xm;í cGJ&onf[k rSwfyg/

0dumvü tmywfoifhyHkrsm;

0dumvü wduygpdwf? umvü 'ku'kuú#f? umvü umv[krSwfaom &[ef;tm; tmywfroifh? ,mrumvdupaom okH;yg;ukd


taMumif;&Sdí oHk;aqmifaom&[ef;? pjrHKUjyefaom&[ef;? Or®wåu&[ef;wkdYtm; tmywfroifh/

8/ oEéd"dum&uodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

tuyfcHxm;aom cJzG,f abmZOfwdkYkukd odkrSD;odrf;qnf;xm;íaemufwpfaeY wpfnOfhrQvGefatmif vlç omraPwdkYtm; tmvsjywf]teayu©0doZÆe} xdktmrdoukd igrpm;awmhNyD[k riJhruGuf rpGefYbJodkrDS;odrf;qnf;jcif;? cJzG,f abmZOfwkdYukdomru ,mrumvduac:tazsmf&nfukdvnf; wpfnOfhvGef t½kPfwufNyD;aemuf aemufwpfaeYeHeufü aomufvQif þodu©myk'ft& ygpdwf[k t|uxm qkd\/xkdYaMumifh vlç omraPwdkYtm; tNyD;rpGefYbJ odrf;qnf;odkrSD;xm;aom,m0umvduç ,mrumvdu ESpfyg;udk oEdé"dum&u ac:onf/<uif;aom owåm[umvduESifh ,m0ZD0duESpfyg;um; oEéd"d rjzpf-paumif;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) uyfcHNyD;u? wpfnOfhrQ? odkx oEéd"d/,m0ç ,mr? umvdu? odkrS oEéd"d/

'ka'¨gwywå = taq;cufaom oydwf

'ka'¨gw ='ka'¨gw ='ka'¨gw ='ka'¨gw ='ka'¨gw = raumif;ojzifh aq;tyfaom (0g) rpifMu,faom?ywå = ywå = ywå = ywå = ywå = oydwf (yef;uefç cGufç *sKdifhç ZGef;ponf tm;vHk;,l)? oydwfçyef;uefç cGufponfwdkYü xnfhí pm;NyD;aemuf pifMu,fpGm raq;vQif0ufqDç trJqDç [if;qDpaom tmrdouav;rsm; Niduyf usefae-wwf\/ xdkqDpaom tmrdorsm; vufacsmif;jzifh yGwfonf&Sdaomfoydwfç cGuf ponfü ta&;taMumif; xiftHh? uGJtufaeaom tzGJU-&Sdaom oydwf\ tufaMumif;wkdYü tqDtap; 0ifaewwfonf/ xdkoydwfponfudk aeylvSrf;aomfvnf;aumif;ç ,m*kylyl xnfhaomfvnf;-aumif; tqD tap;xGufus xif&Sm;vm\/ xkd tqDtap;paom


tmrdoonf eufjzefeHeufumvü oEéd"d jzpf\/ qGrf;ylç [if;ylç ,m*kyl-wkdYESifh a&mrdum &[ef;\ cHwGif;odkY 0ifoGm;vQif oEéd"dtmrdowkdYtwGufygpdwftmywf oifhonf/

xkdYaMumifh oydwfç yef;uefç cGuf ponfwdkYü qDpaom tmrdor&Sd-atmif pifMu,fpGm aq;&rnf/ tzmtax; tuGJttuf&Sdaomoydwfç yef;uefç cGufrsm;ukd tnpftaMu; ruyfNidatmif zmax;írjzpfEkdifu xnfhrpm;oifhNyD? pGefYypfMu&rnf/

tmrdorsm;ESifh oEéd"d rjzpfapenf;

oydwfç yef;uefponfü uyfNidvsuf&Sdaom tmrdoukd vlç om-raPwdkYtm; oydwfç cGufponfukd ay;pGefYvdkufaomf vlomraPwdkYuxkdoydwfponfukd aq;aMum&mü rpifMu,faomfvnf; xdktqD-tap;wkdYonf oEéd"d rjzpfEkdif? odkYaomf xdktqDtap; t<uif;tusef&Sdaeaom oydwfç yef;uefç vbuf&nfu&m; ponfukd eufjzefeHeufxnfhpm;vdkvQif xdkoydwfç cGufponfukd &[ef;ukd,fwdkif rukdifaumif;?tuyfcHNyD;rS ukdif&rnf/ tuyfrcHbJ ukdifvQif ukdifonfhtwGuf 'k½l-ypdPÖ'kuú#f? ajr§mufcsDronfhtwGuf O*¾[dw'kuú#f? xdktqDtap;ukdtmrdoESifh a&mí pm;rdjyefaomf tuyfrcHbJ pm;&ma&mufaomaMumifh'EÅaygPodu©myk'fjzifh ygpdwftmywf oifhrnfukdvnf; owdjyK/

vlomraPwkdYtm; pGefYay;jcif; r&Sdaom tjrJokH;aeaom vbuf-&nfu&m; "mwfAl;ponfwdkYü aeYpOf tmrdouif;atmif aq;jcif;iSmcJ,Of;onfjzpfí owdxm;oif honf/ taigufuav;ygaomvbuf&nfu&m;tdk;jzifh vbuf&nf xnfhaomufjcif;ukd 0de,*½kuq&mawmfBuD;rsm; oHo,&SdawmfrlMuonf/ &Sdvnf; &Sdoifhayonf/'um 'umrrsm;\ ypönf;jzpfaom vbuf&nfu&m; ponfwdkYürlum;oHo, r&Sdoifh/


aemufaeY jyefuyfaom cJzG,fabmZOfrsm;

vlç omraPwdkYtm; iJhuGufjcif;r&Sd pGefYay;NyD;om; cJzG,fç abmZOf-rsm;udk aemufwpfaeY vlç omraPrsm;u jyefuyfí pm;tHh? tyf\?tmywfroifh/ omraPwkdYxHrS awmif;í tuRrf;w0if,lí tuyfcH-pm;aomfvnf; tjypfr&Sd? pm;aumif;onf[k od/

umvduav;yg; a&maESmpm;&mü od&ef

,aeY tuyfcHtyfaom cJzG,f abmZOf ,m0umvduESifh ,aeYtuyfcHtyfaom azsmf&nfç axmywfç aq;jrpfpaom <uif;umvduoHk;yg; a&mpm;vQif eHeufcif;üom tyfonf/ rGef;vGJonfrS píaxmywfç aq;jrpfwdkYvnf; rtyfawmh/

a&S;aeYu tuyfcHxm;tyfaom axmywfpaom owåm[um-vduç qm;paom ,m0ZD0duwkdYESifh ,aeYrS tuyfcHtyfaom qGrf;çqGrf;[if;ç rkefYç ig;ponfwdkY a&maESmvQif rtyf? rpm;aumif;? a&S;aeYutuyfcHxm;aom qDç qm;ç ysm;&nfponfwdkYukd ,aeYrS uyfaomqGrf;ç abmZOfç azsmf&nfwdkYESifh a&míxnfhraomufaumif; xnfhrpm;-aumif;onfukd owdjyKyg/

owåm[umvduESifh ,m0ZD0duwdkY a&m&mü od&ef

owåm[umvduESifh ,m0ZD0duwkdY a&mpm;rl pm;aumif;onf/odkYaomf ,aeY tuyfcHtyfaom axmywfponfESifh a&S;a&S;aeYujzpfapç ,aeYjzpfap tuyfcHtyfaom qm;ponfESifh a&mrl (7)&ufomtyfonf/ ESpf&ufvGefrS a&mvQif ajcmuf&uf? oHk;&ufvGefrS a&mvQifig;&ufom tyfonf/ þodkY ponfjzifh owåm[umvdu &uftydkif;-tjcm;&Sdoavmufom tyfonf/ umvducsif; a&m&mü &ufwdkum-vduoabmukd &uf&Snfumvduu tjrJvdkuf&onf/


(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) umvdu av;jzm? a&maESm&m0,f? owåm[ESif?h ,m0ZD0D? a&S;aeYqDu? uyfNyD;rSukd? ,m0ç,mrH? ,aeYcHESifh? a&mjyefaomfvnf;?rtyfcsnf;om? wpfenf;rSmrl? ,m0ZD0H? a&S;aeYcHESifh? ckcHowåm[?a&mwkHuvQif? owåm[ouf? ckepf&uf[k? tcGifhjyKonf? rSwf½Iaemifvm tcsKyfwnf;/ (ygwdarmufbmom#Dum?287/)

azsmf&nfESifh aq;rsm; a&m&mü oufwrf;

,m0umvdu toD;&nfç yJtrsKd;rsKd;t&nfç pyg;ckepfrsKd;t&nfrsm;ça*g&ookH;rsKd; a&mpyfyg0ifaom azsmf&nfrsm;onf reufcif; rGef;rwnfh-rDom aomufaumif;onf/ oMum;ç ysm;&nfç ig;BuD;qDpaom owåm[umvduyg0ifaom tjrpfç tOç tacgufponfwkdY jyKxm;aom ,m0-ZD0duaq;rsm;onf (7)&ufom okdrSD;odrf;qnf;aumif;onfukd owd-jyKyg/ okdY&mwGif jrwfpGmbk&m;onf aboZÆcEuü rmatmifç cJatmifçvkH;zGJUvkdY&atmifxnfhaom rkefYnufrsm;yg0ifaom aq;rsm;ukd cGifhjyKcsuf&SdaomaMumifh rmatmifç vkH;í&atmifç cJatmif xnfhoGif;vQif taAÁm-[m&du rajymyavmufatmifrQ yg0ifcJhrl tyfzG,f&Sdonf/ tcsKd;us-xnfhí aq;azmfvQifrlum; umvduta&maESmtwkdif;yif owfrSwfíokH;aqmifoifhonf/ umvduowfrSwfcsuf vGefrl tmywfoifhrnfjzpfonf/

oEéd"dtmywfoifhykHrsm;

oEéd"djzpfaom tuyÜd,tom;wkdYwGif vlom;ukd pm;tHh? xkv’pöOf;-ESifh ygpdwf? <uif;aom tom;BuD; ukd;yg;ukd pm;tHh? 'kuú#fESifh ygpdwf?oEéd"djzpfaom ,mrumvduukd taMumif;&Sdí pm;tHh ygpdwf? tm[m&tusKd;iSm pm;tHh? 'kuú#fESifh ygpdwf? y0g&dwfoifhí twd&dwf0denf;uHrjyKbJ oEéd"djzpfaom tyfaomabmZOfukd pm;tHh? ygpdwfESpfcsuf? vlom;jzpftHh xkv’pöOf;ESifh ygpdwfESpfcsuf? <uif;aom tom;BuD;udk;yg;udk pm;tHh?


'kuú#fESifh ygpdwfESpfcsuf? ,mrumvduukd taMumif;&Sdí tmrdoESifhwuGaomuftHh? ygpdwfESpfcsuf? tmrdouif;í aomuft?Hh ygpdwf wpfcsuf?tm[m&tusKd;iSm aomuftHh? 0duyfESpfckaygif;ü 'kuú#f wpfcsufpD wkd;\/aevGJaomtcg tyfaom oEéd"dabmZOfukd pm;tHh? ygpdwf ESpfcsuf?tuyÜd,tom;jzpfthH? 'kuú#fESifh xkv’pöOf; wkd;\/ bdu©KeDwkd Y\oEéd"dabmZOfukd &[ef;rsm; pm;aumif;onf/ bdu©KoEéd"düvnf; enf;wlpm;aumif;onf/

oEéd"dum&uü wduygpdwf? 'ku'kuú#f? rokdrSD;onfü rokdrSD;[ktrSwf&Sdaom &[ef;tm; tmywfroifh? ,m0umvdu ponfwkdYukdokdrSD;í rGef;rwnfhrDç t½kPfrwufrDç (7)&ufrvGefrD rdrdumvukdrvGefapbJ pm;aom&[ef; ,m0ZD0duukd taMumif;&Sdí pm;aom&[ef;ukd tmywfroifh/

9/ yPDwabmZOf odu©myk'f

yPDaw[d oHo|med abmZemed yPDwabmZemed/yPDaw[d oHo|med abmZemed yPDwabmZemed/yPDaw[d oHo|med abmZemed yPDwabmZemed/yPDaw[d oHo|med abmZemed yPDwabmZemed/yPDaw[d oHo|med abmZemed yPDwabmZemed/ (oHo|medyk'fausaom raZÑavmyDwyÜK&dof?)

rGefjrwfukefaom axmywfç qDOD; paom ukd;yg;wkdYESifh a&maESmaom pyg;rsKd; ckepfyg;rS jzpfukefaom abmZOfwkdYwnf;/ axmywf-ponfESifh a&mtyfaom axmywfxrif;ç qDOD;xrif;ç EkdYxrif; ponfrsm;ukd yPDwabmZOf ac:onf/

(aqmif) axmywfp a&m? ig;yg; abm? rSwfavm yPDwabmZOfwnf;/

axmywfpaom ukd;rsKd;wkdYonf yPDwabmZOf r[kwfao;onfukdodyg/ yPDwabmZOfrsm;udk *dvmer[kwfbJ Ówdy0g&dw r[kwfolxH]]axmywfESifh qGrf; vSLavm}} ponfjzifh awmif;pm;vQif ygpdwftmywfoifh\/ *dvmejzpfvQifum; xdkyPDwabmZOfrsm;udk Ówdy0g&dw


r[kwfolxHrSyif awmif;pm;aumif;\/ okdYaomf xkdaxmywfponfua&m*gESifh pyfí "mwfpmusrS awmif;pm;aumif;\/

odu©myk'f (3) yg;ESifh wGJí rSwf&ef

*dvmer[kwfolonf xrif;ESifha&mvsuf r[kwfbJ axmywfpaom ig;yg;wkdYukd aq;twGuf awmif;vQif tapvu0*f r[memr-owår odu©myk'ft& ygpdwf? ig;paom av;rsKd;ukd awmif;vQif vnf;-aumif;ç axmywf ponfukd aq;twGuf r[kwfbJ oufoufpm;vkdíawmif;pm;vQifvnf;aumif; aocd,olayg'e0dnwådodu©myk'ft&'kuú#f? axmywfponfESifh a&maom yPDwabmZOfukd *dvme r[kwfbJawmif;pm;tHh? þodu©myk'fjzifh ygpdwf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) axmywf pom;? aq;usKd;tm;? awmif;pm; r[memrf/rpäm'ded pwåm&dESifh? axmywf pom;? oufoufrsm;? awmif;pm;olayg'ef/ yPDwabmZOf? awmif;pm;jyef? oifh&ef þodu©H/

yPDw (9) rsKd;

1/ oyÜd oyÜd oyÜd oyÜd oyÜd ---------- oyÜwd y0wåwDwd oyÜd? t&om&Sdonf\ tjzpfjzifhjzpfwwfaomaMumifh ]oyÜd} ac:onf/ vlEkdYrS píjzpfaom axmywfrSpí tvkH;pkHaom EkdYrSjzpfaom axmywfum; pm;aumif;onf/ tEu-t|uxmum; vlEkdYrSjzpfaom axmywf rtyf[k y,f\/ tvkH;pkHaomt|uxmwkdYü cGifhjyKxm;jcif;aMumifh raumif;aom y,fjcif;jzpfonf[kt|uxmBuD; qkd\/

2/ e0eDw e0eDw e0eDw e0eDw e0eDw ------ e0 = - e0 = - e0 = - e0 = - e0 = topf? eDw =eDw =eDw =eDw =eDw = xkwf,ltyfaom tqD? EkdY&nfukdaxmywfjzpfatmif csuf&mü axmywfrjzpfrD txufokdY EkdYtqDtcJrsm;wufvm\/ xkdtqDOD;ukd ygVdvkd e0eDw[k ac:onf/ ¤if;ukd ]axm-ay;}[kvnf;aumif;ç ]roum}[kvnf;aumif; ac:ao;\/ ]rqum}[laom yg&,SDbmomrS ajymif;vmaom pum;jzpfowwf/


3/ awvH awvH awvH awvH awvH ------ wdvó £'H - wdvó £'H - wdvó £'H - wdvó £'H - wdvó £'H awvH? ESrf;\Opömjzpfaom qDçopfrnfpnfaphqD? vlqDrS wpfyg;aom 0HqDç ig;qDç vif;ykdifqD (vykdif)qDç0ufqDç jrnf;qD? 0omawv = 0omawv = 0omawv = 0omawv = 0omawv = om;qDwkdY yg0ifonf/ ajryJqDvnf;ESrf;qDESifh tvm;wl ,loifhonf/ ig;BuD;qDukd aq;tjzpf tm;enf;-olrsm; a&aEG;ESifh aomufvQif oifhjrwfonf/

4/ r"k r"k r"k r"k r"k ------ - - - - rnwd Ó,wDwd r"k? þ0w¬Kum; ysm;&nf[k odtyf-aomaMumifh ysm;i,fç ysm;BuD; (2)rsKd;onf &tyfaom ysm;&nfwnf;/]]ru©dur"kar0gwd ck'´ubr& r"k u&D[d wD[d ru©dum[d uwHr"kar0}}[laom ucFg#DumopfESif htnDqkdrl ysm;okH;rsKd;[k qkdxkdufonf/om&w¬ü ¤if;ukd aupd0g'[k qkd\/

5/ zmPdw zmPdw zmPdw zmPdw zmPdw ---------- zmPdwH emr = zmPdw rnfonf/ OpäKrSm =OpäKrSm =OpäKrSm =OpäKrSm =OpäKrSm = MuHrS?edAÁwåH =edAÁwåH =edAÁwåH =edAÁwåH =edAÁwåH = jzpfaom 0w¬Kwnf; - qkdonfESifhtnD tzwf rygatmifppfNyD;aom MuH&nfrSpí MuHESifhqkdiforQ tm;vkH;ukd zmPdw[k qkdonf/þaq;wkdYum; owåm[umvdujzpfí edó*¾d,jzpfaumif;aomwifvJonf MuHrSjzpfaom wifvJ[k ,loifhonf/ o&ufç ydEéJç iSufaysmpaom ,m0umvdu0w¬KwkdYjzifh jyKtyfaom wifvJum; ,m0um-vduom? jiKwfrSnfhpaom ,m0ZD0du0w¬KwkdYjzifh jyKtyfaom wifvJ-um; ,m0ZD0du[k od? MuH&nfonf a&ESifh a&monfjzpfapç ra&monfjzpfap owåm[umvdu jzpf\/ xef;&nfukdvnf; MuH&nftm;avsmf-onf[k ,lMu\/

¤if;MuH&nfç xef;&nfç xef;vsuf&nfç oMum;ç oHyk&m&nfpaom,m0ZD0du toD;&nfrsm;a&mpyfí jyKvkyfaom (bdvyf&nf) ponf-rsm;um; owåm[umvduwkdYwnf;/ umvduav;yg; jyefMunfhyg/

6/ rpä rpä rpä rpä rpä ------ - - - - r&wDwd rapäm? ukef;ay:ü xm;umrQ aowwfaom-aMumifh ig;ukd rpä[k ac:onf/ (wpfenf;) r&D,wDwd rapäm? ? ? ? ? wHigponfwkdYonf owftyfaomaMumifhvnf; ig;ukd rpäac:onf/ tvkH;pkH-


aoma&ü aygufzGm;aom owå0gwkdYukd ,lyg/

7/ rHo rHo rHo rHo rHo ---------- roD,aw tmroD,awwd rHoH? okH;oyftyfaom-aMumifh tom;ukd rHo[k ac:onf/ þ rHoo'´gjzifh tyfaom ukef;-owå0gtom; tm;vkH;ukd ,l/

8/ cD& cD& cD& cD& cD& ---------- aboZÆodu©myk'fü tyfrtyfaom EkdY&nftm;vkH;udkaxmywfjyK&mü ,l&ouJhokdY r[kwfrlí tyfaom tom;&Sdaomowå0gwkdY\ EkdY&nfukdom ,lyg/

9/ '"d '"d '"d '"d '"d ---------- rD;jzifh ylatmifcsufí tvGefyspfaom rcsOfao;aomEkdYukdvnf;aumif;ç wpfnOfhavmufMumvQif tawmfcsOfaom EkdYyspfukdvnf;aumif; '"d[k ac:onf/

yPDwukd;yg;ç abmZOfig;yg; yPDwabmZOf (9Œ 5 = 45)av;q,fhig;yg;[k yGm;,loifhayonf/

tmywfoifhykHrsm;

t*dvmeü wduygpdwf? *dvmeü 'ku'kuú#f? *dvmeü *dvmerSwf-aom&[ef; tmywfroifh? emaomtcg awmif;xm;í remaomtcgpm;aom&[ef;ç *dvme\ t<uif;tusef pm;aom&[ef;ç Ówu-y0g&dwwkdYxH awmif;pm;aom&[ef;ç olwpfyg;tusKd;iSm awmif;aom&[ef;ç rdrdOpömjzifh 0,faom&[ef;ç Or®wåu&[ef;wkdYtm; tmywfroifh/

10/ 'EÅaygPodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

e 'dEéEÅd t'dEéHe 'dEéEÅd t'dEéHe 'dEéEÅd t'dEéHe 'dEéEÅd t'dEéHe 'dEéEÅd t'dEéH - 0denf;y&d,m,ftm;jzifh &[ef;rS wpfyg;aomolwkdYonf ray;ruyftyfaom umvduav;yg;[k qkdtyfaom pm;-aomufzG,f tm[m&ukd þü t'dEé[k qkd\/


yg&mZduvm t'dEém'ge odu©myk'fü ykdif&Sifonf ukd,fEIwfjzifh ray;-tyfaom Opömukd t'dEé[k qkdonf/ þü &[ef;onf rdrdykdifOpömyifjzpfapumrl tuyfrcH&ao;aom Opömukd t'dEé[k qkdonf/ tuyfrcH&ao;aom 0w¬KjzpftHh rpm;aumif;? tuyfcHNyD;aom 0w¬Kjzpfaomfum;olwpfyg;Opömyif jzpfapumrl pm;aumif;onf[k od/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) tuyfrcH? umvduH? ,l&ef t'dEéH/tuyfcHjyK? ,if;0w¬K? ,lrI þodu©H/ (ar'deD?34/)

tuyfajrmuft*Fg (5) yg;

1/ uyfrnfholu a&S;½Iaqmifjcif;?

2/ tuyfcHrnfh &[ef;\ ESpfawmifhxGm [w¬ygoftwGif;okYd a&muf-jcif;?

3/ tm;tvwfpm;&Sdol ajr§mufcsDEkdifaom 0w¬Kjzpfjcif;?

4/ ukd,fjzifhjzpfapç ukd,fESifhpyfaom (ukdifxm;aom) cGufponfjzifhjzpfapç ypfíjzpfap þokH;rsKd;wkdYwGif wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifh uyfolu ay;jcif;?

5/ ukd,fjzifhjzpfap ukd,fESifhpyfaom ukdifxm;aom cGufç wkwf ponfjzifhcHí xdíjzpfap þESpfrsKd;wGif wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifh tuyfcHaom &[ef;u,ljcif; þt*Fgig;yg;pkHrS tuyfajrmufonf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) a&S;½Ivnf;aqmif? ESpfawmifxGma&muf? ajr§mufEkdif0w¬K? okH;ckay;jcif;? cHjcif; ESpfavSmuf? uyfcHajrmuf? rSwfavmuf t*Fgig;yg;wnf;/

]a&S;½Ivnf;aqmif} - vufjzifh a&SUwkd;ay;rS a&S;½Iaqmif&m a&muf-onf r[kwfao; OD;acgif;ay:ü &Gufxm;aom pm;zG,fcGufukd vSLvkdíOD;acgif;ukd tenf;i,f apmif;ay;vkdufvQif a&S;½Iaqmif&m a&mufaom-aMumifh &[ef;u xkdcGufukd vufjzifhxdum tvkd&Sd&m ,lpm;Ekdif\/tm;tv,ftvwf &Sdol <uajr§mufEkdifaom ,m*ktkd; qGrf;tkd;BuD;ukd


&Sifi,fuav;u r<uEkdifí ajray:ü vSdrfhvsuf avQmvsuf uyf&müvnf; &[ef;u xd½kHxdí tuyfcHEkdifonf/

(rSwfcsuf) þpum;t& ,ckumv wpfa,mufwnf; csDrçEkdifaompm;yGJukd [if;zdwfrnfpkd;í ESpfa,muf okH;a,mufukdifvsufuyfjcif; pm;yGJtcif;ukd Murf;jyifrSm xdaevsuf uyfjcif;ponfwkdYü ESpfawmifxGmtwGif;u uyfvQif tuyfajrmuf-onfcsnf; rSwf/

[w¬ [w¬ [w¬ [w¬ [w¬ = = = = = vuf? ygoygoygoygoygo = ausmhuGif;? vufwpfuGif;ç vufwpfvSrf;/ESpfawmifhxGm [w¬ygofwkdif;&mü a&SUuvmí uyf&m0,f &[ef;uxkdifaevQif wifyg;\ aemufbuftpGef;jzifhç &yfaevQif zaemufpGef;jzifhçapmif;vsuf vSJaevQif apmif;aom eHyg;\ jyifbufpGef;jzifhç 0rf;vsm;-arSmufae&m OD;acgif;em; vmí uyfvQif OD;acgif;pGef;\ teD;qkH;jzpfaom vnfyif;jzifhç þokdYvQif vSrf;,laom vufrSwpfyg; tjcm;aomteD;qkH;t*Fg\ þbuftpGef;jzifh wkdif;wm&rnf/ (pm;yGJBuD; tv,fujcm;í tuyfcHMu&mü teD;qkH;t*Fgcsif; [w¬ygofukd owdjyKMu&monf/

]okH;ck ay;jcif;} - um, = udk,ft*Fgjzifh ay;jcif;? um,y#dA'¨ =udk,fESihf pyfvsuf&Sdaom ZGef;ç a,mufcsKdç a,mufrç yef;uefç cGufponfwkdYjzifh ay;jcif;? edó*¾d, = ESpfawmifxGmtwGif;rS pGefYypfjcif;çypfay;jcif;ç avmif;xnfhjcif; ponfjzifh ay;jcif;okH;rsKd;wnf;/

]cHjcif; ESpfavSmuf} - um, = tuyfcHaom &[ef;\ vufç ajcçOD;acgif;ç ESmacgif;ç yg;pyf paom udk,ft*Fg tpdwftydkif; wpfckckjzifhcH,ljcif;? um,y#dA'¨ = udk,fESihfpyfaom oydwfç cGufç wkwfç puúLçzuf&Guf ponfh tBuD;qkH;yrmPtm;jzifh tm;tv,ftvwf&Sdolajr§mufEdkifaom anmifapmif;rS t,kwfqkH; opfyifrS vGwfNyD;aomopf&Gufjzifh cH,ljcif;/


]rkc'Gg&H tm[m&H} - cHwGif;0-[lonf yg;pyfaygufukd qkdvkdonfr[kwf? atmufydkif; t0jzpfaom vnfacsmif;aygufwnf;/ rkcawm= cHwGif;rS? a[|m = atmufjzpfaom? 'Gg&H = taygufwnf;/ xdkYaMumifhtm[m&udk yg;pyfujzpfapç ESmacgif;aygufujzpfap ydkufjzifh oGif;MursKdMu&mü vnfacsmif;ayguf\ twGif;odkY a&mufvQif rsKd&ma&mufawmh\/

(rSwfcsuf) uGrf;0g;ç aq;ikHjyKMu&mü vnfacsmif;xJ ra&mufcif yg;pyftwGif;ü ikH½kHikHNyD; t&nfwpfpufrQ vnfacsmif;twGif;okdYr0ifapbJ axG;jypfEdkifvQif tuyfrcHaomfvnf; tjypfr&Sd/xdkuJhodkY jyKEkdifvQif naebufrSmvnf; 0dumvabmZe-tjypf r&Sd/ naeydkif; uGrf;0g;olwdkY owdxm;oifhayonf/odkY&mwGif uGrf;zwfrsm; oGm;Mum;ü uyfae&m wjcm;tpm;tpmrsm;ESifh a&moGm;vQif rkcoEéd"dtjypfç tuyfrcHtjypfç0dumvabmZetjypfrsm;um; vGwfzG,f&m r&Sd/

tPkjrL (4) rsKd;

tm[m&-t& ,m0umvdu paom umvdu (4)yg;udk tm[m&[k qdkonf/ xdktm[m&udk tuyfcH&mü &xa&PkjrLonf tuyfcHEdkifaomç tuyfcH&rnfjzpfaom tao;qkH; tm[m&wnf;/ tuyfcHNyD;aom tm[m&ay:okdY &xa&PkjrL usvQif tuyfysufawmhonf/vSnf;ç &xm;ç um;ponfwdkY oGm;aomtcg xvmaom yuwdrsufpdjzifhjrif&aom jrLrIefukd &xa&PkjrL[k ac:\/ wHjrufpnf;vSnf;íçavwkdufíç vlrsm; vrf;avQmufoGm;íç t0wfrsm; cgwGufí xvmaom jrLrsm;vnf; &xa&PkjrLyif jzpfonf/ &xa&PkjrLonftuyfcHavmufaom tm[m&wGif yg0if&um; qGrf;cHwkef;jzpfapçqGrf;pm;wkef;jzpfap oydwfç cGuftwGif;okdY xkdjrLrIefrsm; usvmvQifxkdusonfh ae&mukd odí jrLuyfaeaom qGrf;ukd ,lypfEkdifu ,lypf&


rnf/ okdYr[kwf xyfí tuyfcHaomfvnf; cH&rnf/ ,lívnf; rypfçxyfívnf; tuyfrcHbJ qufvufí qGrf;cH<uoGm;vQif 0de,'kuú#fac: 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/ qufí qGrf;pm;vQif xkd&xa&PkjrLudkpm;rdu þodu©myk'ft& ygpdwftmywf oifh\/

xkd&xa&PkjrL\ 36-pdwf 1-pdwf &Sdaomç eH&HaygufrS 0ifvmaomaea&mifjzifhom jrifEkdifaom jrLukd wZÆm&DjrL[k ac:\/ xkdwZÆm&DjrL\ 36-pdwf 1-pdwf yrmP&Sdaom jrLukd tPkjrL[k ac:\/ xkdtPk-jrL\ 36-pdwf 1-pdwf &Sdaom jrLrIefrSm y&rmPkjrL jzpf\/ tPkjrLESifhy&rmPkjrLwkdYrSm tuyfrysufEkdif/ xkdjrLrIef (zkH) av;rsKd;wkdYukd ,m0ZD0dutm[m&wGif yg0ifonf[k rSwfyg/

qwåðoy&rmPleqwåðoy&rmPleqwåðoy&rmPleqwåðoy&rmPleqwåðoy&rmPle????? araumPk p qwåðo aw?araumPk p qwåðo aw?araumPk p qwåðo aw?araumPk p qwåðo aw?araumPk p qwåðo aw?wZÆm&D wmyd qwåðo? &xa&Pk qwåðo aw? wZÆm&D wmyd qwåðo? &xa&Pk qwåðo aw? wZÆm&D wmyd qwåðo? &xa&Pk qwåðo aw? wZÆm&D wmyd qwåðo? &xa&Pk qwåðo aw? wZÆm&D wmyd qwåðo? &xa&Pk qwåðo aw? (tbd"mef)

tnMw O'u'EÅaygPm

O'u-a&[lonf &xa&PkjrLyrmP&Sdaom jrLrIefrygonfhoefY&Sif;Munfvifaom a&wnf;/ xdkoefY&Sif; Munfvifaom a&onfumvdu (4)yg;rS tvGwfjzpfí tuyfrcHbJ aomufaumif;\/ udk,fwdkifvnf; usKdcsufaumif;\/ &xa&PkjrLrIefrsm;ygaom a&um; jrLrIeftwGuf tuyfrcHbJ raomuf&/ odkYjzpfí 0denf;*½kjyKaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf tuyfrcHtyfaom a&udk Munfaeaomfvnf; tjrJppfí aomufavh &SdMuonf/ atmufxpfqkH; ,lZem0uf&Snfaomc&D;ukd oGm;aom&[ef;onf a&ppf,lí <u&rnf[k bk&m;&Sif ynwfawmfrlcsuf &Sdayonf/

'efylpm;&mü tdEd,xkH;pHrSm oGm;jzifh 0g;í 'efyl&nfxGufvmatmifpm;avh&Sd\/ xdk'efyl&nfonf oGm;ukd pifMu,fapí oGm;ydk; rpm;Edkiff[kqkdonf/ xdkodkY 'efylpm;&mü 'efyl&nfrsm; vnfacsmif;wGif; r0ifvQif


tuyfcHzG,f rvdkaomaMumifh tnMw 'EÅaygPm[k tEkynwf rdefY-awmfrlonf/ tu,fí vnfacsmif;twGif; 'efyl&nfrsm; 0ifatmif'efyl0g;vQifum; tuyfcHrSom tyfonf/ tuyfrcHvQifþ odu©myk'f-t& ygpdwftmywfoifh\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifu 'efylt&SnfqkH;yrmPudk&Spfvufopf cGifhjyKawmfrlayonf/

]]tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 t|*Fkvy&rH 'EÅu|H/}} (plV0gygVdawmf?279??)

tcsKyfrSm ]tnMw O'u'EÅaygPm}jzifh txl;r&? a&Munfuvnf;umvduav;yg;rS tvGwfjzpfí e*dkuyif tyf\/ 'efylvnf; vnfacsmif;twGif;odkY t&nfr0ifatmif 0g;vQif yifudkuyif tuyfrcHbJtyf\/ tEkynwf cGifhjyKawmfrl&jcif;rSm bk&m;&Sifvufxufawmfu&[ef;tcsKdUwdkYonf a&ESifh 'efyltwGuf oHo,jzpfMuaomaMumifhbk&m;&Sifu xyfí >cif;csuf jyKawmfrl&onf/

rSwfom;zG,f A[kokwrsm;

qGrf;cHoGm;pOf oydwfü jrLrIefygaom tdrfacgifrkd; ponfrS a&ustHh?wpfzef oydwfudk tuyfcHí qGrf;cH&rnf/ (zm;atmufawm&ü qGrf;cHr<urD oydwfudk tjrJ tuyfcHavh &Sd\/) tuyfrcHbJ aemufxyfqGrf;cHtHh? jrLrIefusrSef;odvQif 0de,'kuú#f? oydwfudk vufü udkifxm;pOfusaom jrLudk vufrS rvGwfaprlí udkifxm;&mü tuyfrysufao;-aomaMumifh xdkqGrf;udk wpfzef tuyfcHí pm;aumif;\/ qGrf;pm;ae-aomtcg udk,ft*Fgjzifh xdxm;pOf jrLusaomf vufrS rvGwfaprlíxdkxdkt&yfodkY aqmif,loGm;aumif;onf/ vufuvGwfNyD;rS wpfzefjyefíudkifrl O*¾[dwjzpfí wpfzef jyefuyfaomfvnf; rtyf? oydwfüjrLponf usí vl omraPwdkYudk wpfzef jyefuyfckdif;aomfvnf; rMum;íjzpfapç em;raxmifbJjzpfap qGrf;avmif;xnfhtHh 0de,'kuú#f roifh?wpfzef tuyfcHí aemufxyf avmif;ol\ qGrf;udk cHtyf\/ avBuD;wdkufí jrLusaomtcg qGrf;cHí rjzpftHh? omraPwdkYtm; ay;awmhtHh


[k ESvkH;jyKí ok'¨pdwfjzifh qGrf;cHjcif;iSmum; tyf\/ xdkqGrf;rsm;udkomraPwdkYtm; ay;vdkufí omraPwdkYu wpfzef jyefay;aomfvnf;-aumif;ç xdkomraPESifh tuRrf;0ifí tuyfcH pm;aomfvnf;aumif;tyf\/ olwpfyg;tm; ay;tHh[k pdwfjzpfumrQjzifh xdkqGrf;onf olwpf-yg;Opöm rjzpfjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;ç 0de,'kuú#frS vGwfapjcif;iSmvnf;aumif; xdkqGrf;udk vl omraPtm; ray;bJ tuyfcHí pm;aomftyf\/

toD;&Sdaom opfyifudk tcufüvnf;aumif;ç EG,füvnf;aumif;udkifí vIyftHh? xdkopfyifrS jzpfaom toD;udk xdk&[ef; rpm;aumif;?'k½lypdPÖ'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/ toD;&Sdaom opfyifudkum; rSDaumif;udkifaumif;onf/ tuyfrcH&ao;aom cJzG,fabmZOfudk vlç omraP-tm; ay;&efr[kwfbJ oufouf vufaqmhajcaqmh oabmjzifh xdvQif(ae&mrS ra&GUapbJ udkifvQif) 'k½lypdPÖtmywf oifh\/

OyrmOyrmOyrmOyrmOyrm-omraP qGrf;csufae&mü qGrf;tdk;ç [if;tdk;udk zGifhjcif;ponfESifh tuyfrcHbJ csxm;aom oydwfç qGrf;tkyf ponf\ tzkH;udkzGifhjcif; ponfrsm;wnf;/ opfyifü wGJvJoD;ae yGifhaeaom opfoD;çopf&Gufç opfyGifhrsm;? tuyfrcH&ao;aom qGrf;tkyfç oydwfç qGrf;[if;çyef;uef ponfudk udkif½kHxd½kHrQ udkifxdvQif 'k½lypdPÖ'kuú#f? udkif½kHxd½kHrubJ ae&mrS a&GUavmufatmif rçudkifvQif (tenf;i,frQ ae&ma&GUoGm;vQif ) O*¾[dw'kuú#f oifh\/

xdkYjyif vlç omraPwdkY\ cGufxJodkY &[ef;u tuyfcHNyD;aomqGrf;[if;ç rkefYponfudk xnfhay;&m qGrf;[if;vdkuf&mwdkYü vlç om-raPwdkY\ yef;uefç oydwfxJ&Sd &Sd&if;tpmudk &[ef;vufESifh rxdatmifajr§mufí vTwfcsxnfhay;&rnf/ bmaMumifhenf;? vlç omraPwdkY\tpmonf &[ef;\ vufç ZGef; ponfudk Niduyfí ygvmvQif xdktpmu tuyfrcH&ao;ojzifh uyfNyD;tpmESifh a&mrdu uyfNyD;tpmyg


tuyfysufí xyfuyfzG,f &SdaomaMumifhwnf;/ 'k½lypdPÖ ('k+OypdPÖ)= raumif;ojzifh jyKusifhrI? O*¾[dw = <ucsDajr§muf,lrI/

xdk'k½lypdPÖ jzpfaom qGrf;ponfudk xdkxdudkifaom &[ef;wpfyg;om rtyf? wjcm; &[ef;rsm;twGufum; tyfao;\?/ O*¾[dwjzpfaomqGrf;ponfudkum; &[ef;tm;vkH;tm;yif rtyfawmhay? þodkYvQif0de,'kuú#f? 'k½lypdPÖ'kuú#f? O*¾[dw'kuú#frsm; odxm;oifhygonf/

wHawG;ç rsuf&nf ponfrsm;

cE¨mudk,frS a&GUavsmjywfusí vufüvnf;aumif;ç oydwfü-vnf;aumif; usvmaom wHawG;ç rsuf&nfç acR; ponfwkdYudk aq;tvkdYiSmvnf;aumif; twGif;pm;rsKd;jcif; jyKvdkaomf tuyfcHtyf\/ jyKwfus-oGm;aom wHawG;ç rsuf&nfç acR;ponfudk tMum;ü rzrf;,ltyf?zrf;,laomf O*¾[dw jzpfí tuyfysufawmhonf/ t*FgBuD;i,fü uyfNid-vsuf wnf&Sdaom cRJç ovdyfç rsuf&nfç acR; ponfudkum; tuyfcHzG,fudpö r&Sd/

jyefuyf&aom tavhtx rSwfom;zG,f

qGrf;tkyfç qGrf;yef;uefponfudk vlç omraPwdkY xdrdvQif xyfrHtuyfcHavh&SdMu\/ tpm;tpmrsm;udk rxdrudkifrdvQif xyfrHuyfzG,frvdk? xyfrHuyf&jcif;rSm xd½kHukdif½kHjzifh tuyfysufoGm;í xyfrHuyf&jcif;r[kwf? vlç omraPwdkY\ vufponfrS jrLrIefrsm; uyfNidusef&pfaewwfí xdkjrLrIeftwGuf xyfrHí uyf&jcif; jzpfonf/

xdkYjyif qGrf;vkwfudk yg;pyfodkY oGwfoGif;pOf yg;pyfwGif;rS qGrf;vkH;rsm;oydwfxJodkY jyefí usvQif xyfrH tuyfcHavh&SdMu\/ odkYaomf xdkjyefusvmaom qGrf;vkH;onf yg;pyfxJü&Sdaom wHawG;ç oGm;&nfwkdYESifh rvl;bJjyefusvQif tuyfrysufao;? oGm;&nf ponfESifh vl;NyD;rS jyefusvQifom


xdk oGm;&nftwGuf tuyfysuf&onf/ xdkYaMumifh yg;pyfrS qGrf;vkH;jyefusonfhtcg xdkjyefusvmaom oGm;&nfvl;aeonf[k xifaomqGrf;vkH;udk ,lí z,fxkwfypfvkdufEkdifvQifvnf; xyfrH tuyfcHzG,frvdkay/ oGm;&nfvl;aom qGrf;vkH;twGuf tuyfysuf&aomaMumifhxdkjyefusvmaom qGrf;vkH;udk xyfí tuyfcH&jcif; jzpfonf[k rSwfyg/

qGrf;pm;cgeD; vufaq;&ef

qGrf;ç tcsKdyGJ pm;&mü vufraq;bJ pm;vQif vufü &xa&Pk-jrLrQavmuf jrLrIefrsm; uyfaecJhaomf xdkjrLrIefrsm;twGuf vufjzifhxdrd&m cJzG,fabmZOfwdkYyg tuyfysufwwf&um; qGrf;pm;cgeD; vufukdaq;&rnf/ qGrf;pm;NyD;aemuf tcsKdyGJpm;cgeD; vufaq;&rnf/ nmvufudkom aq;í b,fvufudk raq;vQif b,fvufjzifh pm;zG,frsm;udkudkif&müvnf; þenf;twdkif;yif tuyfysuf\/ xdkYaMumifh b,fbufvufudk raq;rdvQif xdkvufjzifh pm;zG,frsm;udk rudkifrdatmifowdxm;&rnf/

aq;NyD;vufjzifh ouFef;ç aeuxdkif ponf rudkifoifhykH

tcsKdUum; pm;rnf[k vufaq;NyD;rS xdkvufjzifh ouFef;udk odrf;-Mu\? udkifMu\/ xdkodkY odrf;Mu udkifMu&m0,f ouFef;ü &xa&PkjrL-rIefudk udkifrdvQif vufraq;onfESifh twlwlyif jzpfonf/ wcsKdUum;tcsKdyGJ vufzufponf pm;pOf tuyfrcHxm;aom vufokwfyk0gokwfvdkuf tcsKdyGJ EIdufvdkufESifh pm;Mu\/ vufokwfyk0gü &xa&-PkjrLrIef ygvQif pm;zG,frsm;vnf; tuyfysufvdrfhrnf/ vufokwfyk0g-udkvnf; tuyfcHNyD;rS udkifoifhonf/ xdkYaMumifh tpmpm;rnf[kvufaq;NyD;aemuf xdkvufjzifh tpmrSwpfyg; tjcm;ouFef;ç aeuxdkifçvufokwfyk0g ponfudk rudkifrdapbJ pm;jcif;udpöNyD;rSom vufaq;ívufokwfyk0gudk okwfoifhayonf/


pm;zG,f,lí c&D;oGm;&mü rSwfom;zG,f

c&D;oGm;pOf rdbç omraP ponfrsm;zdkY tpm;tpmç opfjrpfçopfoD; ponfwdkYudk tuyfrcHbJ ,loGm;aumif;\/ rdrdzdkY &nf&G,fcsufvkH;0 rygap&/ rdbpoltwGufom[k rdrd pdwfudk pifMu,fapEkdifcJhvQifudk,fwdkif,lcJhaom tuyfrcH&ao;aom xdktpm;tpm ponfudka&muf&mt&yfü tvdk&Sdu tuyfcHí pm;aumif;\/ toD;ç t&GufESifhwuGaom opfcufudk t&dyftvdkYiSm xD;vkyf,laqmifoGm;pOf tvdk&Sd-aomtcg xdkopfoD;opf&Gufudk tuyfcHí pm;aumif;onf/

tuyfcHpOf ajrodkY vGwfusoGm;jcif;

wpfpkHwpfckudk 'umu ay;uyfaomf &[ef;\ vufrS jyKwfusípifMu,faom ajrç Murf;jyifponfü ustHh? udk,fwdkif aumuf,lípm;aumif;onf/ jrLponf uyfndtHh? jrL ponfudk okwfoifí jzpfapçwpfzef tuyfcHí jzpfap pm;aumif;onf/ &[ef;wpfyg;tm; uyfpOfvdrfhí tjcm;&[ef;wpfyg;xH usoGm;tHh? xdk&[ef;u aumuf,lírlv&[ef;tm; ay;aumif;onf/ rlv&[ef;u t&Sifbk&m;pm;awmh[kqdkvQif xdk&[ef; pm;aumif;onf/ rlv&[ef;u pm;awmh[k rqdkvQifrpm;aumif;/ uyfjcif;tusKd;iSm vmaomol\ vufrS avQmusaom0w¬Kudk aumufrpm;vdkao;aomf wpfckckjzifh zkH;tkyfxm;NyD; aemufwpfaeYü tuyfcHí okH;aqmifaomf tyf\/ tuyfcH&mra&mufao;aomaMumifh oEéd"d rjzpf/ tpm;tpmrsm; vmvSLvQif tuyfrcH ao;bJxm;vQif aemufaeYwYdkü tuyfcHNyD; pm;aumif;onf/ uyÜd,uk#D jzpfzdkY-um; vdkayonf/

"m;ç ZGef; ponfü uyfaeaom oHacs;rsm;

"m;i,fjzifh MuHç o&ufoD; ponfudk ETmpdwfaomf oHacs; xiftHh?topf oHacs;jzpf&um; tuyfcHí pm;tyf\/ "m;i,fudk aq;í cGJaomf


oHacs;um; rxif? oHacs;eHYom xiftHh? taAÁm[m&dujzpfí tmywfroifh/

tuyfcHysufaMumif; (6) yg;

pGefYç csç ay;ç vk? rpöKç vdifjyef? þajcmufwef? uyfcH ysuf-aMumif;wnf;/

pGefY = tuyfcHNyD;aom tpmudk rpm;awmhtHh[k tmv,jywf(iJhuGufrI r&SdbJ) pGefYvdkufjcif;aMumifh tuyfysuf\/ xdkodkYpGefY&mü vufu vGwfrS tuyfysufonf/

cs = odu©mcsvdkufaomaMumifhfvnf; tuyfysufonf/ay; = olwpfyg;udk ay;vdkufjcif;aMumifhvnf; tuyfysufonf/

þodkY ay;&mü vufuvGwfrS tuyfysufonf/ EIwfuay;aomfvnf; vufu rvGwfao;vQif tuyfrysuf/

vk = vlç omraPwdkYu twif;vk,loGm;jcif;aMumifhvnf; tuyfysuf\/

rpöK = aoqkH;jcif;aMumifhvnf; tuyfysuf\/vdifjyef = bdu©KtjzpfrS bdu©KeDrtjzpfodkYç bdu©KeDrtjzpfrS bdu©K

tjzpfodkY vdifajymif; vdifjyefjcif;wdkYaMumifhvnf; tuyf-ysuf\/

þ tuyfysufaMumif;t*Fgü tm[m&udk wpfyg;ydkif tm[m&[krSwf/ ESpfyg;okH;yg;ponf trsm;qdkifaom pm;zG,f wdkYü wpfyg;u pGefY½kHESifhtuyfrysufEdkif/ xdYkjyif pGefYrS tuyf ysufonf[k qdk&um; vlç omraPwdkY pm;yGJç yef;uef ponfwkdYukd vmíudkif&mü (&[ef;u vufjzifh xdçrxm;apumrl) tuyfrysuf/ tuyfcHNyD;aom oydwfç vsufqm; Al;çpwkr"lAl; ponfwkdYudk rpGefYbJ vlç omraPudk tjcm; wpfae&modkYa&TUtxm;cdkif;vdkufaomfvnf; tuyfrysuf? odkY&mwGif vlç omraP


wdkY\ udk,fvufrS jrLrIefrsm;onf tuyfcHNyD; tm[m&ü usae&pfvQifum; xdkjrLrIeftwGuf xyfí tuyfcH&rnf/ vlç omraPwdkYu rdrdOpöm[laom oabmxm;jzifh ,loGm;aomf tuyfysuf\/ oydwfukdukd,ft*FgwkdYjzifh xdrxm;bJ oydwfajcü xm;í xdkoydwfü &Sdaom0w¬Kudk iJhuGufjcif;uif;í tmvsjywfum ],lavmh}[k qdktHh? t<uif;0w¬Kyg tuyfysufonf/ jyefípm;vdkvQif wpfzef xyfí tuyfcH&rnf/iJhuGufjcif;vnf; ruif;ç tmvsvnf; rjywfç tmrdovnf; xyfra&mrlwpfzef tuyfcHzG,f r&Sd/ tmrdo a&mrl wpfzef tuyfcH&rnf/

vufaq;jcif;ç vufokwfjcif; ponfwkdYüvnf; tmywfoifhEkdifykH

qGrf;pm;aepOf vufaq;cGufü xyfcgxyfcg EIdufaq;jcif;? vufokwfyk0gudk cPcPokwfjcif; ponfwkdYukd jyK&mü yxrtBudrfvufaq;ç vufokwfjcif; jyKpOfu vufaq;a&ç vufokwfy0gwkdYüusefcJhaom qD paom tnpftaMu;rsm;onf tuyfysufNyD; jzpfojzifhxkdtuyfysufaeNyD;aom tmrdorsm;onf aemufwpfBudrf vufaq;çvufokwfjcif; jyK&mü vufü jyefí uyfNidygvmum xkdtmrdorsm;oydwfxJ&Sd qGrf;ESifh a&moGm;ygu xkdqGrf;rsm;vnf; tuyfysufawmh-\/ xkdtuyfysufaeaom qGrf;ukd tuyfysufrSef; rodbJ qufvufbkOf;ay;ygu þ'EÅaygPodu©myk'ft& tmywfoifhawmh\/ xkdYaMumifhqGrf;pm;rNyD;rD vufaq;vkdygu axG;cH ponfwkdYü avmif;aq;oifh-ayonf/ vufokwfyk0gudkvnf; vufxJrS vTwfrcsbJ udkifxm;íokwfvQif þtmywfrS vGwfzG,f &Sdonf/ okdYaomf qGrf;bkOf;ay;jcif;udpö tm;vkH;NyD;pD;rS aq;jcif;ç okwfjcif;u omíaumif;ygonf/

tmywfoifhykHrsm;

tuyfrcHaom 0w¬Kü wduygpdwf? tuyfcHNyD;aom 0w¬Kü 'ku-'kuú#f? tuyfcHNyD;onfü tuyfcHNyD;[k rSwfí pm;aom &[ef; tmywf


roifh/ a& 'efyludk tuyfrcHbJ aomufpm;aom &[ef;? umavm'dó-rnfaom usifBuD;ç usifi,fç opfpdrf;jymç ajrnuf þav;yg;udkr[m0du#aq;[k ac:\/ xdkaq;zuf0if ypönf;wdkYudk a>rudkufonfhtcgü uyfrnfhol r&SdvQif tuyfrcHbJ pm;cGifhjyKawmfrl\/ rD;cdk;rsm;onfESmacgif;0rS yg;pyfrS 0rf;wdkifatmif 0ifaomfvnf; taAÁm[m&du(tmywfoifh&ef t*Fg[k rajymyavmuf jzpfí tmywfroifh)/ þüaq;aomuf uGrf;pm;olwdkY owdxm;&efrSm naeydkif; uGrf;pm; aq;-aomufolwdkY vnfacsmif;0atmuf rsKdcsonfhwdkifatmif uGrf;a& aq;-vdyfrIefY aq;acs;wdkY rygvQif 0dumvabmZeygpdwftmywfrS vGwfcGifh&dSonf/ odkYaomf uGrf;wHawG; aq;acs;rsm;onf oGm;Mum;twGif;Niduyfayaeygu oEéd"dygpdwftmywf oifhEdkifonf/ odkY&mwGif pm;NyD;wdkif;cHwGif;xJü tmrdorsm; rusefatmif pifMu,fatmif aq;aMumEdkifvQifoEéd"dygpdwfvnf; vGwfvyfEdkif\/ xkdYaMumifh 0de,*½kuq&mawmf-BuD;rsm;onf aevGJ uGrf;pm; aq;aomufjcif;ukd a&SmifMuOfawmfrlMu-onf/ wcsKdUq&mawmfrsm;vnf; uGrf;pm; aq;aomufjcif;udk vkH;0ESpfoufawmf rrlMuay/ tb,fhaMumifhenf;[lrl 0dumvabmZeESifhoEéd"dodu©myk'fwdkYü oHo,jzpfawmfrljcif;aMumifhwnf;/

t*Fg (4) yg;

1/ tuyfrcHjcif;? 2/ oD;jcm; cGifhjyKcsuf r&Sdjcif;? 3/ rD;cdk;paomtaAÁm[m&du r[kwfjcif; 4/ pm;rsKdjcif;- [lí (4)yg;wkdYwnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) aumif;pGm tuyf? rcHtyfjim;1? oD;jcm; cGifhjyK? r&SdrIaESm2? taAÁm-[m&d? r[kwfbdvQif;3? pm;rsKdjcif;[k4? aMumif;&if; av;vD?t*FgnD? oifhNyD 'efaygP/


5/ tapvu0*f odu©myk'fq,fyg; tusOf;

1/ t0wfr0wfaom tapvuç t0wf0wfaom y&dAkdZfwdw¬dwdkYtm;udk,fwdkif cJzG,f (12)yg;ç abmZOf (5)yg;wkdYrS wpfyg;yg;udk ay;vQiftapvuygpdwf/

2/ &[ef;wpfyg;udk &Gmed*kH;odkY qGrf;cHtwlvdkufcJh&ef ac:oGm;NyD;aemuftmrdowpfckckudk ay;&mjzpfapç ray;bJjzpfap rmwk*grESifh twl&,farmvdkç usDp,fvdkç qdwfuG,f&mü aexdkifvdkjcif;ç ravsmuf-ywfaom tusifhudk usifhvkdjcif;aMumihf xdk&[ef;udk jyefvTwfvQifOa,smZeygpdwf/

3/ orD;cifyGef;ESpfa,muf&Sdaom tdyfcef;twGif; tdyf&mteD; uyfíxdkifjcif;aMumihf oabmZeygpdwf/

4/ rmwk*grESifhtwl rsufpduG,f&m zHk;uG,ftyfaom ae&mü xdkifae-jcif;aMumihf &a[my#dpäEéygpdwf/

5/ rmwk*grESifh wpfa,mufcsif;csif; em;\uG,f&m wpfq,fhESpfawmif-uGmt&yfü xdkifaejcif;aMumifh &a[medoZÆygpdwf/

6/ abmZOfig;yg;jzifh zdwftyfaom bwf&Sdaom &[ef;onf ouFef;-vSL&mtcgç ouFef;csKyf&mtcgudk MuOfxm;í xif&Sm;&Sdaeaom&[ef;udk ryefajymbJ xdkbwfudk rpm;rDjzpfapç pm;NyD;aemuf rGef;-rwnhfrDjzpfap tjcm;tdrfwdkYü vSnfhvnfoGm;vmvQif pm&dwå-ygpdwf/

7/ *dvmer[kwf usef;rmaom &[ef;onf oHCmtwGuf aq;ypönf;zdwfxm;aom 'umxHü aemufxyf zdwfjcif;ç tjrJtvSLcH&efzdwfrefjcif;udk MuOfxm;í av;vywfvHk; (0g) 'g,umu ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfxm;aom umvywfvHk; om,mEdkif\/ xdkydkif;jcm;owf-rSwf&m tcsdefumvç ydkif;jcm;tyfaom aq;trsKd;tpm;xuf


ydkawmif;vQif r[memrygpdwf/

8/ ppfwyfodkY oGm;xdkufaom taMumif;r&SdbJ NrdKU&GmrS xGufaomppfwyfudk Munfh½I&ef oGm;jcif;aMumifh O,sKwåaoemygpdwf/

9/ ppfwyfü aqGrsKd;wpfa,mufa,muf rusef;rmjcif;paom wpfpHk-wpfckaom taMumif;&Sd&m oGm;&mü ESpfnOfhoHk;nOfhxuf ydkvGefjcif;-aMumihf aoem0goygpdwf/

10/ ESpfnOfh oHk;nOfh ppfwyfü aeYpOf ppfwdkufyGJodkYjzpfapç ppfonftpka&wGuf&modkYjzpfapç ppfwdkufzdkY&ef ppfjyifqif&modkYjzpfapç qifwyfjrif;wyf ponfudk Munfh½I&modkYjzpfap oGm;jcif;aMumifh Oa,sm"duygpdwftmywf oifh\/

1/ tapvuodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

t0wfr0wf Avmudk,fvHk;wD;usifhaom tapvuç t0wf0wf-aom y&dAdkZfç omoemjyify wdwd¬a,mufsm; rdef;rwdkYtm; &[ef;urdrdvufjzifh udk,fwdkif cJzG,f abmZOfwdkYudkay;vQif ygpdwftmywfoifh\/ odkY&mwGif 0rf;wGif;pm;rsKdzdkY r[kwfbJ tjyifbuf okwfvdrf;zdkYomjzpfaom qD ponfudk ay;&müum; tmywfroifh[k cGifhjyKcsuf&Sdonf/(tapvu- ]ew¬d apvH tómwd tapvaum}t& t0wfr&Sd Avmudk,fvHk;wD;usifhaom wdwd¬rsKd;udk tapvu[k ac:\/ jrefrmwdkYu]wdwd¬} ]wuúwGef;}[kvnf; ac:\/ y&dAÁmZu = y&dpöZdwGm - vlrIudpö[lorQudk pGefYcGmí? 0Zwd = ocFef;ausmif;odkY oGm;aewwf\? £wd =xdkYaMumifh? y&dAÁmZaum = y&dAÁmZu rnf\/ þ0dN*dK[ft& - vlrIudpöudkpGefYfYcGmí ur®|mef;ausmif;odkY oGm;aeaom &aohç &[ef;a,mufsm;ç&[ef;rdef;r trsKd;rsKd;wdkYudk &aomfvnf; þodu©myk'fü omoemy-jzpfaom wdw¬dwdkYwnf;/ þü t0wf0wfol wdw¬dwdkYudk ,lyg/


zdk;olawmf oDv&Sifrsm;

,ckacwf jrefrmjynfü zdk;olawmf oDv&Sifrsm;onf omoemjyifyt,ludk ,lolrsm; r[kwfMu&um; þy&dAÁmZu y&dAÁmZdumt&wdkYwGifryg0ifMu? okwfygax,s orÜom'eD,t|uxmü jytyfaom ouFef;-rS wpfyg;aom t0wfjzL0wfaom omoemEG,f0ifrsm; &[ef;tEG,f0if-rsm;[k ,loifhonf/ (bmom#Dum?296/)

tmywfoifhyHkrsm;

wdw¬dwdkYü wduygpdwf? wdw¬dr[kwfonfü 'kuú#f? wdw¬dr[kwfonfüwdw¬dr[kwf[k rSwfxifí ay;aom &[ef;tm; tmywfroifh? vlç omr-aPudk ay;ckdif;aom &[ef;ç wdwd¬wdkY\ txHü cGufudk csxm;NyD;rSþ0w¬Kudk ,lavmh[k qdkaom &[ef;ç wdwd¬wdkY csxm;aom cGufüxnfhay;aom &[ef;ç udk,fvdrf;usHp&m qDponf ay;aom &[ef;tm;tmywfroifh/

2/ Oa,smZeodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

tazmf&[ef;ukd ac:í &Gmç ed*kH;okdY qGrf;cH0ifaom &[ef;onftdrfokdY uyfa&mufí 'g,dumrESifhtwl &,f&Tifjcif;paom ajymvkd&m-&mudk ajymcsifç qdwfuG,f&mü aecsifaomaMumifh tazmf&[ef;tm;pm;zG,fwpfckckukd ay;íjzpfapç ray;bJjzpfap jyefvTwfvQif 'kuú#f/xkdtazmf&[ef; Oypmukd vGefvQifvGefcsif; xkdjyefckdif;aom &[ef;Oa,smZeok'¨ygpdwftmywf oifh\/

&[ef;wpfyg;udk qGrf;cH twlac:yHk

]]igh&Sif..vdkufcJh? &GmxJodkY qGrf;cH0ifacsMupdkY}}[k jzpfap? ]]igh&Sif..vkdufcJh? ed*Hk;odkY qGrf;cH0ifacsMupdkY}}[k jzpfap ajymí twlac:onf/


&[ef;udk jyefvTwfyHk

tdrfwpftdrfa&mufaomtcg xdktazmfac:cJhaom &[ef;tm;cJzG,f abmZOfpaom tmrdo wpfckckudk tvSLckdif;NyD;íjzpfapç tvSLrcHckdif;ao;bJjzpfap ]]oifESifhtwl pum;ajym&wmvnf; raumif;?ae&wmvnf; raumif;? igwpfa,mufxJ ajymqkdaexdkif&jcif;ucsrf;omonf[k ajymí ravsmufywfaom tusifhudk usihfvdkjcif;aMumifhxkd&[ef;udk jyefvTwfjcif; jzpfonf/

ravsmufywfaom tusifh

jyefvTwfaom &[ef;\ rmwk*grESifhtwl &,farmvkdç usDp,fvkdçqdwfuG,f&mt&yfü aexdkifvkdjcif; paom ravsmufywfaom tusifhudkusifhvdkjcif; ponfyif jyefvTwfjcif;\taMumif; jzpf\/

]{wa'0}yk'ftpGJ

{wa'0yk'fjzifh a&SUtmum&0guswdkYü twGif;0ifaom ravsmuf-ywfaom tusifhudk usihfvdkjcif; tempm&udk pGJ&rnfudk jyonf/ ESpfyg;twlwuG þ&GmtwGif; qGrf;cH<uaomf rrQwjcif;ç r&Edkifjcif; paomwpfyg;aom avsmufywfaom taMumif;ukd rjy? xkdtaMumif;aMumihfjyefvTwfvQif tmywfroifh[k odaponf/

tmywfoifhaom tcsdef

ESiftyfç jyefcdkif;tyfaom &[ef;tm; jyefcdkif;umrQü ygpdwftmywfroifhao;? 'kuú#fom oifhonf/ ESiftyfç jyefcdkif;tyfaom &[ef;onfvGifwD;acgifjzpftHh (12)awmif 'óElypm&ç o0Elypm&udk ajcwpfvSrf;vGef½kHrQüvnf; 'kuú#fom? ajcESpfvSrf; vGefrS ygpdwfoifhonf/ eH&HponftuG,ftum jcm;thH? tuG,ftumeH&H\ Oypm&udk ajcwpfvSrf; vGef-vQif 'kuú#f? ajcESpfvSrf; vGefvQif ygpdwftmywf oifh\/ &[ef;udk


jzpfapç omraPudkjzpfap pdwfqdk;í oufouf ESifvTwfthH? 'kuú#ftmywfom oifh\/

tmywftqifhqifh

&[ef;ü &[ef;[k trSwf&dSí vTwftHh? wduygpdwf? &[ef;r[kwfonfü wdu'kuú#f? tzdk;xdkufwefaom b@mudk awGUjrifí avmb-w&m; jzpfvdrfhrnf[k vTwfvdkuftHh? rmwk*grudk awGUjrifí (omoem-awmfü) rarGUavsmfjzpfvdrfhrnf[k vTwfvdkuftHh? emzsm;vmaom &[ef;çaemufusef&pfaom &[ef;ç ausmif;apmifh&[ef;tm; jyefvTwfvdkuftHh?]],m*kç xrif;ç cJzG,fç abmZOfukd jyefydkYaqmifavmh}}[k jyefvTwfaom&[ef;? rusifhtyfaom tusifhudk rusifhvdkbJ taMumif;&Sdí vTwfvdkuftHh? tmywfroifh/

3/ oabmZeodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

oabmZe (= o+OabmZe)orD; cifyGef; vifr,m;ESpfa,mufudkOabmZe? xdkESpfa,mufwdkYESihfwuGjzpfaom tdrfç tdyfcef;udk oabmZe-[k ac:\/ orD;cifyGef; vifr,m;ESpfa,mufwdkYu tdyfcef;rSm wnf&Sd-aepOf xdktdrfcef;twGif; 0ifí (tdyf&mteD;ü xdkifvQif) &[ef;utvdkufrod&m a&mufaomaMumihf ygpdwftmywf[k ynwfawmfrlonf/wpfenf; - oabmZeü abmZet& cHpm;tyfaom pnf;pdrfudk ,l/a,mufsm;\ pnf;pdrfrSm rdef;r? rdef;r\ pnf;pdrfum; a,mufsm;wnf;/xdkYaMumifh oabmZae = pnf;pdrfcHpm;aom rdef;rç a,mufsm;ESihf wuGjzpfaom tdrfü[k zGifhqdkao;\/ ]xdkifaejim;thH} [lonf BuD;aom tdrfüwHcg;abmif\ ESpfawmifxGm[w¬ygofudk pGefYí aejim;tHh? i,faomtdrfü acgifavsmufudk vGefí xdkifjim;tHh ygpdwftmywfoifh\/ i,f-aomtdrf[lonf tus,fig;awmifrQ &Sdonfudk qdk\/ tv,facgif[lonfvnf; ESpfawmifhxGmyif jzpf\/


tmywftqifhqifh oifhykH

tdyf&m tdyfcef;ü wduygpdwf? tdyfcef; r[kwfaomf 'ku'kuú#f?qdktyfNyD;aom ESpfawmifxGmt&yfudk rvGefrlí aeaom&[ef;? vif-r,m;ESpfa,mufvkH; tjyifxGufaomtcg &m*uif;NyD; tem*grfç &[EÅmjzpfNyD;aom ESpfa,mufwdkYü aeaom &[ef;? tdyfcef; r[kwfonfüaeaom &[ef;wdkYtm; tmywfroifh/

4/ &a[my#dpäEéodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

rmwk*grt& ,aeY arG;zGm;aom touf&SifqJaom vlrdef;rudk,l? rdef;rtcsif;csif;onf wpfa,mufonf wpfa,muf\ tjypfudkzkH;uG,fay;wwfaomaMumifh rdef;rwpf&myif jzpfapumrl tmywf-oifhjcif;udk jyKwwf\/

&a[mjzifh em;uG,f&m (12)awmifuGm o0Elypmç y#dpäaEé-jzifheH&H wHwdkif; ponf jcm;&m rsufpduG,f&mudk jyonf/ ted,wodu©m-yk'fü &a[mjzifh ygpdwåd,0w¬Kudk jyonf? y#dpäaEéjzifh oHCm'daoo-0w¬Kudk jyonf? tvHur®eda,jzifh yg&mZdu0w¬Kudk jyonf[k qdkurSwfvG,f\[k ar'deDü qdkxm;\/ edoZÆH uayÜ,sjzifh xdkifjcif;Bud,mudkom jy\/ tdyfjcif;Bud,mudkvnf; ,l&rnf/ &yfjcif;Bud,mudk r,l&/odç Mum; vdr®maom a,mufsm;\ rsufuG,fudk ,l&rnf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) 0dnLyk&doç rsufuG,frQ? ,l& þodu©/

0dnLyk&doa,mufsm;onf avsmif;í tdyfraysmfaomfvnf;aumif;çruef;aom odç Mum; vdr®maom a,mufsm;onf (12)awmiftwGif;üwnf&Sdaomfvnf;aumif;? &yfaeaom&[ef;? qdwfuG,f&mukd riJhaom&[ef;? tjcm;wpfyg;udk ESvkH;oGif;aom &[ef;wdkYtm; tmywfroifh?Or®wåu&[ef; tmywfroifh/


5/ &a[medoZÆodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f5/ &a[medoZÆodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f5/ &a[medoZÆodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f5/ &a[medoZÆodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f5/ &a[medoZÆodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

]&a[m}t& em;qdwfuG,f&mudkom ,l&rnf[k om&w¬'DyeD#Dumqdk\/ rsufpdç em; ESpfyg;vkH; uG,f&mudk ,l&rnf[k 0ZD&Ak'd#Dum qdk\/wpfckck uG,fuvnf; tmywfoifhonf[k ucFg qdk\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) puf-aom ESpf0? uG,fukefMu? ,l& þodu©m/

wpfckckrQ? uG,foy? oifhx tmywåm/ (ar'DeD?168/)

bmom#Dumü a&SUodu©myk'f rsufpduG,f&m? þ aemufodu©myk'fem;uG,f&mudk &a[m[k qdk\/ ]y#dpäaEé} axmuf/

tmywfoifhykHrsm;

rmwk*grü wduygpdwf? rmwk*gr r[kwfonfü 'ku'kuú#f/ rmwk-*gr r[kwfonfü rmwk*gr r[kwf[k trSwf&dSaom &[ef; tmywfroifh/ bDvl;rç Nydwåmrç wd&pämefrç y@Kufç vla,mifzefqif;xm;-aom wd&pämefrESifhtwl qdwfuG,f zkH;vTrf;&m ae&mü xdkifaejim;tHh'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/

6/ pm&dwåodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

abmZOfig;yg;wGif wpfyg;yg;jzifh zdwfreftyfaom &[ef;udk edrEÅdw-[k ac:\/ xkdzdwfrefxm;tyfaom bwf&dSoludk obwå[k ac:\/]]reufzef wynfhawmftdrfodkY Mo'e (= xrif;) tvSLcH<uyg}} ponfjzifhzdwfrefxm;tyfaom &[ef;onf xif&Sm;&Sdaeaom &[ef;udk rwdkif-Mum;bJ xdkbwfudk rpm;rD jzpfapç pm;NyD;aemuf rGef;rwnfhrDjzpfapçtjcm;tdrfwdkYü vSnfhvnfoGm;vQif ygpdwftmywfoifh\/ odkY&mwGifpD0&'geor,ç pD0&um&or,wdkYüum; xif&Sm;&Sdaom &[ef;udkrwdkifMum;bJvnf; oGm;aumif;\/


xif&Sm;&Sdaom &[ef;tm; yefMum;ykH

yifhxm;aom 'umtdrfodk Y oGm;vdkaom pdwfjzpfonfrS píawGUjrif&aom &[ef;ukd (odkYr[kwf) 12-awmiftwGif;ü &Sdaeaom&[ef;ukd vSrf;í ]]wynfhawmfonf þrnfaom 'umtdrfodkY oGm;OD;-rnf}}[k yefMum;&rnf/ þodkY yefMum;vQif jzpfEdkifaom &[ef;onfoEÅbdu©K? (xif&Sm;&Sdaom &[ef;wnf;/) xkduJhodkY rawGUjrif&vQiftoEÅbdu©K jzpfí [dk[dkonfonf vdkuf&SmzG,f rvdkawmhNyD? rdrdtvdk&Sd&m tdrfodkY oGm;EdkifNyD jzpf\/

yka& bwåç ypäm bwå

zdwfxm;aom bwfudk rpm;rDumvonf yka&bwårnf\/ zdwf-xm;aom bwfudk pm;NyD;vQif eHeuf (7)em&Dtcsdefavmufvnf; ypäm-bwåyif jzpfonf/ rGef;rvJGao; rGef;vGJrS oGm;vQif þodu©myk'fESifhrqdkifawmh? 0dumav *gryÜa0oeodu©myk'fESifhom qdkifonf/

pm&dwåH = oGm;avh&Sdaom &[ef;\tjzpf (0g) rGef;rwnfhrD oGm;jcif;-(odkY) pm&PoDavm pm&D = usifhavh&Sdaom &[ef;wnf;/ pm&dóbma0g pm&dwåH = usifhavh&Sdaom &[ef;\jzpfaMumif; oGm;jcif;Bud,mwnf;/ yifhzdwfxm;aom tdrfrS wpfyg;aom tdrfodkY 0ifjcif;ç oGm;a&muf-jcif;udk qdkonf/ bwfudk zdwfxm;aom tdrfodkYum; yka&bwåbwfrpm;rD tcgrSmyif {uefoGm;&vdrfhrnf jzpfonf/ ukavok-[k qdkaomf-vnf; bwfudk zdwfxm;aom tdrfrSwpfyg; tjcm;tdrfwdkYudk ,l&rnf/

tEkynwf (4) csuf

1/ oEÅH bdu©KH temykpäm? 2/ ypämbwåH? 3-4/ tnMw or,m-(2)yg;? aygif; (4)csuf &Sdonf/ or, (2)yg;udk MuOfí rGef;rwnfhrDzdwfxm;aom tdrfrSwpfyg; tjcm;tdrfodkY 0iftHh? OypmodkY oufa&mufrd-


aomf 'kuú#f? wHcg;ckHudk yxrajcvSrf; vGeftHh 'kuú#f? 'kwd,ajcvSrf;vGeftHh ygpdwf/


yifhzdwfonfü wduygpdwf? ryifhzdwfonfü 'kuú#f? ryifhzdwfonfüryifhzdwf[k trSwf&dSaom &[ef; tmywfroifh? tcgumvü oGm;aom&[ef;ç xif&Sm;&dSaom &[ef;udk yefMum;í oGm;aom &[ef;ç &[ef;r&SdíryefMum;bJ oGm;aom &[ef;ç olwpfyg;tdrf\ Oypmc&D;jzifh (tdrfxJr0ifbJ) oGm;aom &[ef;ç &GmwGif;ausmif; bdu©KeDrausmif; qGrf;pm;-ausmif; qGrf;zdwf&mtdrfwkdYodkY oGm;aom &[ef;ç ab;&efwdkYaMumifhoGm;aom &[ef;ç Or®wåu&[ef;wdkYtm; tmywfroifh/

7/ r[memrodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

bk&m;&Sif\ wpf0rf;uGJ aemifawmfjzpfaom r[memrfrif;udktaMumif;jyKí ynwfawmfrltyfaom odu©myk'fjzpfaomaMumifh r[m-emrodu©myk'f[k emrnfwyfonf/

oHCmtwGuf aq;ypönf;jzifh av;vzdwfxm;&mü xyfí zdwfjcif;r[kwfvQifvnf;aumif;ç tjrJzdwfjcif; r[kwfvQifvnf;aumif;çav;vywfvkH; zdwfjcif;udk om,mEkdifç awmif;Ekdifonf/ þüav;vzdwfçxyfízdwfç tjrJzdwfrsm;udk om,mEdkifonf[k (3)rsKd;cJGí qdkxm;jcif;rSm0w¬KaMumif;tvdkuf qdkxm;jcif;[k rSwf? 'g,umu zdwforQ (4)vru (5)vponftwGufvnf; om,mEdkifonf/ wpfvom zdwfvQif-vnf; wpfvom om,mEkdifonf/ rusef;rmaomtcg awmif;rnfMuH-vsuf zdwfonfudk vufcHjcif;udk ]om,mjcif;}[k þü qdkonf/ yxr-tBudrf zdwfxm;&m vaphí aemufxyf zdwfvQifvnf; om,mEkdif\/wpfoufvkH; tjrJzdwfvQifvnf; om,mEkdifonfom jzpf\/


ygpdwftmywfoifhykH

'g,umu owfrSwfxm;aom &ufxufydkí (xdkvç xdkESpfwdkYrSaemufü) om,mvQifvnf;aumif;ç 'g,umu ]rnfrQavmufaomaq;}[k owfrSwftyfaom aq;xufydkí om,mvQifvnf;aumif;xdkumvtydkif;tjcm; aq;tykdif;tjcm;xuf ydkí om,mvQif awmif;-vQif ygpdwf/

tmywfroifhykH

þodu©myk'fvm zdwfjcif;onf oHCmudk zdwfxm;jcif;wnf;/ xdkodkYoHCmudk zdwfxm;&mü rusef;rmaomtcg tvdkufodpGm oifhawmf-atmif oifhawmf½kH awmif;MuzdkY&m þodu©myk'fudk ynwfawmfrlonf/odkY&mwGif rdrdrSm wu,frusef;rmvQifum; zdwfzl;aom 'g,umtxHoGm;í 'g,um zdwfxm;aom&ufawmhjzifh vGefcJhNyD? odkYaomf bkef;BuD;rSm,ckrS rnfonfhaq;udk tvdk&dSaeonf[k twdtvif;ajymí awmif;-vQifvnf;aumif;ç vkH;0 rzdwfolxHudkyif trSeftokH;0ifaeaom aq;udkawmif;vQifvnf;aumif; tmywfroifh/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) ypönf;av;yg;wGif aq;ypönf;udk awmif;&mü *dvme-twGuf trSeftokH;&SdvQif rzdwfzl;ol txHrSmyif awmif;-aumif;onf[k rSwf? *dvmer[kwfol usef;rmolonfaxmywfponfudk aq;twGuf awmif;vQif þodu©m-yk'fjzifh ygpdwf? aq;twGuf r[kwfbJ oufoufpm;vdkíawmif;vQif aocd, olayg'e0dnwådodu©myk'fjzifh 'kuú#foifh\/ rdrdudk oD;jcm; yk*¾vdu zdwfxm;&müum; *dvmer[kwfaomfvnf; awmif;aumif;\? tmywfroifh[k rSwf/


tmywftqifhqifhoifhykH

aq;tydkif;tjcm; &uftydkif;tjcm; vGefonfü wduygpdwf? rvGef-onfü 'ku'kuú#f? rvGefonfü rvGef[k trSwf&Sdaom &[ef;tm;tmywfroifh/ &ufvGefç aq;vGefudk [kwfrSefwdkif; ajymMum;í awmif;-aom&[ef;? aqGrsKd;? yk*¾vduzdwfxm;ol? tydkif;tjcm;r&Sd zdwfxm;ol-wdkYudk awmif;aom&[ef;? olwpfyg;tusKd;iSm awmif;aom &[ef;?rdrdOpömjzihf awmif;aom &[ef;ç Or®wåu&[ef; ponfwdkYtm; tmywfroifh/

8/ O,sKwåaoemodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

O,sKwåHü O-ykAÁ? ,kZ-"mwf? w-ypönf;? O = xí/ ,kZ = oGm;-onf/ ppfwyfodkY oGm;xdkufaom taMumif;r&SdbJ qdkif&mNrdKU&GmrS xíoGm;aom xGufcGmoGm;aom ppfonfudk tMunfht½IoGm;vQif ygpdwftmywf? aowd AE¨wDwd aoem? zGJUxm;aom t*Fgav;yg;&dSaomppfwyfwGif yg0ifaom ppfonfawmfwnf;/

t*Fgav;yg;&Sdaom ppfonf

a,mufsm; (12)a,muf&Sdaom qifwpfpD;? a,mufsm; (3)a,muf&Sdaom jrif;wpfpD;? a,mufsm; (4)a,muf&Sdaom &xm;wpfpD;? vufeuf-udkifa,mufsm; (4)a,muf[laom ajconfol&J ajcvsifwyf? þodkYqifwyfç jrif;wyfç &xm;wyfç ajcvsifwyf av;cktaygif;udk t*Fg-av;yg; &Sdaom ppfonf[k ac:onf/

ppft*Fg (4)yg;wGif yg0ifaom qifwyfudkcsnf;jzpfapç qifwpfpD;-udkomjzpfap t*Fgwpfyg;yg; MunfhoGm;&mü 'kuú#f/


oGm;xdkufaom taMumif;

oGm;jcif;tm;avsmufywfaom oGm;xkdufaom ppfwyfü OD;BuD;çOD;av;ç rdbç aqGrsKd;wpfa,mufa,muf rusef;rm jzpfaeí xkdoludkMunfh½I&ef oGm;jcif;ponfwnf;/

tmywftqifhqifh oifhyHk

O,sKwå-[kwfonfü wduygpdwf? O,sKwå-r[kwfonfü 'ku'kuú#f?O,sKwå-r[kwfonfü ppfrxGuf[k trSwf&Sdaom &[ef;tm; tmywfroifh? tm&mrftwGif;ü &yfí Munfhaom &[ef;ç rdrdae&modkY vm-onfudk Munfhaom&[ef;ç c&D;&ifqdkifawGUí Munfhaom&[ef;çtaMumif;&Sdívnf;aumif; ab;&efaMumifhvnf;aumif; Munfhaom&[ef; tmywfroifh/

9/ aoem0goodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

aoe-o'´gonf XmeDjzpfaom ppfonfwdkY\ aoe[laom rkcstrnfudk Xmejzpfaom ppfonfwkdY\ ae&mü wifpm;íac:aom XmEsL-ypmpum;wnf;/

aqGrsKd;rusef;rmjcif;paom taMumif;&Sdí ppfwyfodkYoGm;&vQiftvGefqHk; okH;nOfhom aeEdkifonf/ taMumif;xl;r&SdbJ okH;nOfhxufydkí aevQif ygpdwf/

]ae} [lonf ajrüjzpfapç aumif;uifüjzpfap £&d,mykxfav;yg;-wkdYwGif wpfyg;yg;jzihf aejcif;udk qdkvdkonf/

tmywfoifhyHkrsm;

oHk;nOfhxuftvGef ae&mü wduygpdwf? oHk;nOfhatmuf ,kwfonfü'ku'kuú#f? oHk;nOfh,kwfonf[k rSwfxifaom &[ef;ç tmywfroifh?


oHk;&ufajrmuf t½kPfrwufrD xGufí wpfzefaeaom &[ef;ç *dvme&[ef;? *dvmeudpö&Sdí aeaom&[ef;ç wpfyg;aom ppfonfwkdY 0dkif;xm;-í aeaom&[ef;ç taESmifht,Suf ab;&ef&Sdí aeaom&[ef;çOr®wåu&[ef; ponfwkdYü tmywfroifh/

10/ Oa,sm"duodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

aoem0goodu©myk'ft& aeoifhaom taMumif;&dSí ESpfnOfhokH;nOfhrQ ppfwyfüaepOf Oa,sm"du ponfodkY tMunfht½IoGm;vQifygpdwf/

Oa,sm"du

O*¾EÉm O*¾EÉm {w¬ ,kZösEÅDwd Oa,sm"duH? þppfyJGü Edkifonfhbufuwkd;wufí wdk;wufí wkdufckdufxkd;ypf&m t&yfudk (0g) ppfyGJudk Oa,sm"d-u[k ac:onf/

Av*¾H - Avó ta*¾g Ava*¾g? ppfonfAdkvfyg\ tzdkYtpkukdod&m ppfonfa&wGuf&m ae&mwnf;/ qifrnfrQ &Sd\? jrif;rnfrQ &Sd\ponfjzifh ppfonfAdkvfyga&wGuf&m ppfwyfudk tkyfcsKyfolwdkY ppfonfpkudk od&mt&yfudk Av*¾[kac:onf/

aoemAsL[

0d,l[EÅd oyd@EÅd {w¬mwd AsL[H? aygif;pnf;&mt&yfwnf;/aoem, = ppfwyf\/ AsL[H = aygif;pk&mt&yf? ppfwdkuf&ef pka0;&mt&yfonf aoemAsL[rnf\/ þae&mü qifwyfaeap? þae&müjrif;wyfaeap ponfjzifh ppfwkdufzdkY&ef olUae&mESihfol pka0;csxm;jcif;(ppfqifjcif;)udk aoemAsL[[k ac:onf/


tedu'óeH

taewd ab&0o'H ua&mwDwd teduH - aMumufrufzG,faomtoHudk jyKwwfaom [w¬medu paom ppfonftaygif;wnf;/teduó 'óeH tedu'óeH? [w¬medupaom ppfonftaygif;udkMunfh½Ijcif; Bud,mudk &\/

qifwyf jrif;wyf ponfzGJUykH

ppfom; (12)a,mufpDygaom qif (3)pD;? aygif; (36)a,mufygaom tpktzGJUonf [w¬medu qifwyfrnf\/ ppfom; (3)a,mufpDygaom jrif; (3)pD;? aygif;ppfom; (9)a,mufygaom tpktzGJUonftóedu jrif;wyfrnf\/ ppfom; (4)a,mufpDygaom &xm; (3)pD;?aygif;ppfom; (12)a,muf&Sdaom tpktzGJUonf &xmedu&xm;wyfrnf\/ vufeufudkif ppfom; (4)a,mufonf yw¬meduajcvsifwyfrnf\/ þta&twGufum; tenf;qkH; ppfwyf wyfzGJUwnf;/ þppfwyf (4)rsKd;udk ]aoem}[k ac:onf/

þtedupaom (4)ckwGif wpfckckudk Munfh½Ijcif;iSm oGm;aomfajcvSrf;wdkif; 'kuú#f? jrifavmuf&mt&yfü &yfí MunfhtHh ygpdwf? jrif&mt&yfudk vGefoGm;í tzefzef vdkufMunfhthH? ya,m*wdkif; ygpdwf?t<uif; O,sKwåodu©myk'fESihf wlNyD/

(6) ok&myge0*fvm odu©myk'frsm; tusOf;csKyf

1/ ao&nft&ufudk aomufjcif;aMumifh ok&mygeygpdwf/2/ vufacsmif;wdkYjzifh (0g) vufacsmif;paom udk,ft*FgtpdwfwdkYjzifh

vufuwD;Mum; ponfudk xdk;upm;jcif;aMumifh t*Fkvdyawm'uygpdwf/

3/ zrsuf (ajcrsufpd) jrKyfavmufaom a&ü &,fjrL;jcif;oabm&Sd-


aom upm;jcif;aMumifh [o"r®ygpdwf/

4/ yk*¾v"r®ü ½dkaojcif;r&Sdaom trlt&maMumifh tem'&d,ygpdwf/

5/ &[ef;udk aMumufapjcif; ajcmufvSefYjcif;aMumifh bðomyeygpdwf/

6/ remzsm;aom &[ef;onf rD;xGef;jcif;ç oydwfzkwfjcif; paomtaMumif;udk MuOfxm;í vIHjcif;udk tvdk&SdaomaMumifh udk,fwdkifawmufapç olwpfyg;udk awmufygap[k apcdkif;jcif;aMumifhaZmwdygpdwf/

7/ aEGvwdkYtqkH; wpfvcGJ ylaomtcgç rdk;Owk\ tpwpfv tdkuf-aomtcgç rusef;rm&mtcgç tvkyfvkyf&mtcgç t"GefY&Snfc&D;udkoGm;&mtcgç avjyif;xí rdk;us&mtcg þtcg ajcmufyg;udkMuOfxm;í a&csKd;NyD;onfrS vcGJtwGif; rZÑdra'ot&yfü a&csKd;-jim;tHh (0g) a&csKd;jcif;aMumifh e[meygpdwf/

8/ pdrf;ndKa&mif&Sdonfvnf;jzpfaomç &THUñTefa&mif&Sdonfvnf; jzpf-aomç rJndKa&mif&Sdonfvnf;jzpfaom ysufaom tqif;&SdatmifjyKwwfaom uyÜAdEK (3)rsKd;wdkYwGif wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifh topf&vmaomouFef;udk rxdk;bJ okH;pGJ0wf½kHjcif;aMumifh 'kAÁPÖu&Pygpdwf/

9/ bdu©Kç bdu©KeDç odu©rmefç omraPç omraPrç oDwif;okH;azmf(5)a,mufwdk YwGif wpfa,mufa,muftm; rdrdOpömtjzpfrStmomuif;jywf tyfpyfatmif 0duyÜemjyKNyD;í ypöK'¨dK&frjyKtyf-ao;aom (0g) 0duyÜem rjyeftyfao;aom ouFef;udk okH;pGJ0wf½kH-jcif;aMumifh 0duyÜemygpdwf/

10/ &[ef;\ oydwfç ouFef;ç edoD'dkefç tyfusnf (0g) tyfAl;ç cg;yef;BudK;wpfckckudk atmufxpfqkH;tm;jzifh &,f&TifaysmfjrL;vdkí udk,fwdkif0Sufxm;jcif;ç olwpfyg;udk 0Sufxm;apjcif;aMumifh pD0&myed"me-ygpdwftmywf oifh\/


1/ ok&mygeodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

ok&H ZaewDwd ok&m? &J&ifhjcif;udk jzpfapwwfaom qefrIefYç rkefY-nuf ponfwdkYudk a&jzifh e,fí vkyftyfaom ao&nf (5)rsKd; &Sd\/yd|ok&mç ylyok&mç Mo'eok&mç udPÖycdwåok&mç orÇm&oH,kwåok&m[kok&mig;rsKd; jym;\/

1/ rkefYnuf (qefrIefY)udk tdk;ü xnfhí xdkrkefYnuftm; avsmufywf-aom a&xnfhNyD; e,fí jyKtyfaom yd|ok&m/

2/ þtwl rkefYudk vkyftyfaom ylyok&m/

3/ xrif;udk vkyftyfaom Mo'eok&m/

4/ ]waq;rIefY} udPÖrnfaom pyg;ñGefYpaom rsKd;aphudk xnfhcyfívkyftyfaom udPÖypdwåok&m/

5/ zefcg;oD;ç rkefnif;aphpaom (rkefnif;oD;) paom taqmuftOD-rsm; a&mpyfí vkyftyfaom orÇm&oH,kwåok&m[k ao&nf (5)rsKd;wdkYwnf;/

þao&nfudk aomufxm;olonf t&SuftaMumuf r&Sd? &J&ifhapwwfonf [l\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) yd| yly? Mo'e? udPÖ orÇm&m/rkefYnufç rkefYxrif;? rsKd;aph oGif;jyK? aqmufOD;jyK? rSwf½I aoig;jzm/

ar&, (5) rsKd;

r'H ZaewDwd ar&,H? ,pfjcif;udk jzpfapwwfaom tyGifhponf-wdkYjzifh MumjrifhpGm pdrftyfaom yef;yGifhpdrf&nfpaom t&uf (5)rsKd;&Sd\/ ykyæmo0ç zvmo0ç r"Gmo0ç *kVmo0ç orÇm&oH,kwåm0o[kt&uf (5)rsKd; jym;\/


1/ opfrnfpnfyGifhç xef;yGifh tkef;yGifh ponfwdkYudk MumjrifhpGm pdrfíxkHí jyKvkyftyfaom yef;yGifhpdrf&nft&uf ykyæmo0/

2/ xdkYtwl ydEéJoD; paom toD;pdrf&nft&uf zvmo0/

3/ rk'&ufac: opfrnfpnfoD; oyspfoD;pdrf&nf[laom r"Gmo0/ysm;&nfjzifh jyKtyfaomt&ufudkvnf; r"Gmo0[k ac:ao;\/

4/ MuH&nfç xef;&nfç MuHoumcJ çxef;vsufcJ pdrftyfaom *kVmo0/

5/ zefcg;oD;ç oQpf&Sm;oD; Bwdu#Kwfpaom taqmuftODtrsKd;rsKd;wdkY-udk pdrfí jyKtyfaom orÇm&oH,kwåmo0[k t&uf (5)rsKd;? ar&,(5) rsKd; jym;\/

e,fíjyKtyfonfum; ao&nf? MumjrifhpGm xHkí pdrfí jyKtyf-onfum; t&uf? þum; ok&mESifh ar&,txl;wnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) ykyæzvm? r"G*kV? orÇm&? yÍö ar&,m/yGifh oD; pnf MuH? wdzvH? pdefjyef &ufig;jzm/e,fjyK ok&m? xHkpdrfyg? ar&mtxl;vm/ (ar'deD? 365/)

qdktyfNyD;aom aot&ufESpfrsKd;udk rsKd;aphrSpí (,pfrsKd;ç rl;,pfaq;0g;rsKd;tvkdkYiSm pD&ifxm;onfrS pí) oref;jrufzsm;jzifh ,líwpfpufrQ aomufaom &[ef;tm; ya,m*wdkif; ygpdwftmywf oifh\/bdef;jzL bdef;rJ rl;,pfaq;0g;wkdYudk ESmacgif;jzifh ½SLjcif;ç tyfjzifh oGif;jcif;çaq;jym;rsm;udk rsKdcsjcif;wkdYüvnf; þodu©myk'ft& ygpdwftmywfyifjzpfoifhonf/

2/ t*Fkvdyawm'uodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

t*Fkwd Oy*päwDwd t*Fkvd? udk,ft*Fgü uyfa&mufwwfaomvufacsmif;wnf;/ ywk'eH C#eH yawma'g yawma'g {0 yawm-'aum? xdjcif;udk&\? t*FkvD[d yawm'aum t*Fkvdyawm'aumvufacsmif;wdkYjzifh vufuwD;Mum;ponfwdkYü xdjcif; wdkYjcif;udk ,l?


t*Fkvd-o'g tpdwfukd rSwfíqdkaom ed'óenf;/ wjcm;aom udk,f\-tpdwfjzifh wpfawmifqpf ajcrponfwdkYjzifh &,fjrL;vdkí &[ef;tcsif;-csif; xdyg;jcif; xdk;jcif;udk jyKaomfvnf; ygpdwfyif jzpfonf/

&[ef;rS<uif;aom vlç omraPç bdu©KeDrwdkYü &,fjrL;vkdí jyKthH'kuú#f? udk,fjzifh udk,fESifhpyfaom 0w¬K (= um,y#dA'¨)ukd? udk,fESifhpyfaom 0w¬Kjzifh udk,fudk? udk,fESifhpyfaom 0w¬Kjzifh udk,fESifhpyfaom0w¬Kudk? edó*¾d,jzifh ukd,fukd? edó*d¾,jzifh ukd,fESifhpyfaom 0w¬Kudk?edó*¾d,jzifh edó*d¾,udk wdkYxdtHh 'kuú#f/

þuJhodkYqdkaomf &,fjrL;vdkaompdwfjzifh jcif;cwfjcif;ç abmvHk;uefjcif;ç Muufawmif½kdufjcif; ponfwdkYü 'kuú#f? &[ef;tcsif;csif;vufoD;xdk;jcif;paom udk,ft*Fgcsif; xdk;rl ygpdwf/ um,y#dAE¨jzifhxkd;rl 'kuú#f[k ,l&rnf jzpfonf/

(aqmif)aqmif)aqmif)aqmif)aqmif) &,fjrL;vkdzdwf? udk,fwpdwf? xkd;Budwf ygpdwf,l/omraP eD vl? xdk;Budwfrl? rSwf,l 'kuú#f[l/um,A'¨? edó*¾? xdu xkdenf;wl/ (ar'deD? 366/)


OyorÜEéü wduygpdwf? tEkyorÜEéü wdu'kuú#f? rjrL;xl;vkdaom&[ef;ç udpö&Sdí oHk;oyfaom &[ef; (yg&mZduavmufaom trowå0g[lorQüum; rtyf) Or®wåu&[ef; ponfum; tmywfroifh/

3/ [o"r®odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

O'H aomreóH ua&mwDwd O'uH? a&rGwfodyfqmavmifaeaomolwdkYtm; 0rf;ajrmufjcif;udk jyKwwfaomaMumihf a&udk ]O'u}[k ac:onf/ (wpfenf;) O'H 0demoH ua&mwDwd O'uH? rdrdtay:odkY us-a&mufukefaom owå0gocFg&wdkYtm; ysufpD;jcif;udk jyKwwfaomaMumifha&udk O'u[k ac:onf/


zrsuf (ajcrsufpd) jrKyfavmufaom jrpfç acsmif;ç a&uefwdkYü&Sdaoma&0,f ikwfjcif;ç ay:jcif;ç ul;jcif;wkdYukd aysmfjrL;vkdí jyKvQif ygpdwf?avSjzifh upm;vQif wufjym;ç xkd;0g;ç vufajcç opfom;ponf vIyfaomtBudrfwkdif; 'kuú#f? tkd;cGufponfü wnfaoma&ukdjzpfap? ytkef;a&çupDa&ç &THUñGefwkdYukd vufjzifh ajr§mufí ykwfí upm;tHh 'kuú#f/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) a&ukd vufjzifh? upm;vifh? rSwfoifh 'kuú#m/


a&upm;&mü wduygpdwf? a&rupm;&mü 'ku'kuú#f? tkd;cGufüwnfaoma&ç EkdY&nfç &ufwuf&nfç qkd;&nfç usifi,fa&ç &THUa& ponfwkdYü upm;tHh 'kuú#f? rjrL;wl; rupm;vkdaom&[ef; taMumif;&Sdíikwfay:jcif; ponfukd jyKaom &[ef;ç urf;wpfbufokdY ul;aom&[ef;çab;&efaMumifh upm;aom&[ef;ç ½l;aom&[ef; ponfwkdYü tmywfroifh/

4/ tem'&d,odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

tm'&eH tm'a&m? ½kdaojcif;Bud,m/ ew¬d tm'a&m {wómwdtem'a&m? ½kdaojcif;r&Sdaom &[ef;wnf;/ tem'&ó bma0gtem'&d,H? ½kdaojcif; r&Sdaom &[ef;\jzpfaMumif; r½kdaojcif; tem'&Bud,mudk &\/ r½kdaojcif; tem'&Bud,mukd tem'&d,[k ac:onf/

xkdr½kdaojcif;onf yk*¾dKvfukd r½kdaojcif;? ygVdç t|uxm"r®ukdr½kdaojcif;tm;jzifh ESpfrsKd; jym;\/ xkdwGif roifhrawmf jyKaeaom&[ef;ukd tjcm;&[ef;u 0denf;vrf;aMumif;jzifhajymvQif ]]rif;ajymwm-ukd igu vkdufem&rSmwJhvm;}}[laom oabmjzifh em;raxmifbJ jyKjrJjyK\/ xkd em;raxmifbJ jyKjcif;onf yk*¾dKvfukd r½kdaojcif; (rav;pm;jcif;*½krpkdufjcif;)wnf;/


0denf;odu©myk'f[laom "r®jzifh ajymqkdvQif xkd0de,"r®ukdyif uG,f-aysmufapvkd ysufjy,fapvkd ta&;rpkdufovkd bk&m;a[m r[kwfovdkoabmjzifh jyKjrJ jyK\/ xkduJhokdY yk*¾dKvfukdjzpfapç 0de,"r®ukdjzpfapr½kdaojcif; ta&;rpkdufjcif;aMumifh ygpdwf/

&[ef;u xkd0denf;ynwfrSwpfyg; okwfç tbd"r®mvm w&m;awmf-jzifh qkdqkH;ronfukd rav;pm;&müvnf;aumif;ç vlomraPwkdYu0denf;jzifhjzpfap tjcm;w&m;jzifhjzpfap qkH;ronfukd rav;rpm;vkyf&müvnf;aumif; 'kuú#f/

txl;owdxm;&ef

MuH&nfonf owåm[umvdu? MuHzwfonf ,m0ZD0du xkdMuH&nf-ESifhMuHzwf ESpfckwGJaeaom MuHacsmif;um; wifvJcJç &Spf&Sm;oD;ç zefcg;çqD;jzLuJhokdY pm;aumif;onf/ csif;onf ,m0ZD0du? qDonf owåm[-umvdu? qm;onf ,m0ZD0du a&mokwfxm;vQif naetcg pm;-aumif;onf/ þokdYpaom uJh&JUtyfaom *g&,Smp&d,0g'rsKd;jzifh ajymqkdaom &[ef;um; tmywfrS rvGwf/


OyorÜEéü wduygpdwf? tEkyorÜEéü wdu'kuú#f? q&mtquf-qufrSvmaom igwkdYq&m\ t,l[k qkdaom&[ef; igwkdYq&mrsm;\ygVdoifjcif;onf þokdY jzpf\? t|uxmoifjcif;onf þokdYjzpf\[kqkdthH tmywfroifh? t½l;ponfvnf; tmywfroifh/

5/ bðomyeodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

bðomye = bdod-"mwf? Pmay-ypönf;? ,k-ypönf;? ]bd}ü ]£}udk'DCjyK bDomye[k jzpf\/ o'eDwdü ed*¾[dwfvmí bðomye[k &Sd\/o'geuftm;jzifh ]aMumufapjcif;}[k xGuf\/ t"dyÜm,frSm ajcmufvSefY-


jcif;yifwnf;/

&[ef;tcsif;csif; aMumufzG,faumif;aom tqif;toHwdkYjzifhjyKvkyfí aMumufatmif ajcmufvQif tajcmufcH&ol aMumufaMumufraMumufaMumuf ygpdwf? vlomraPwdkYtm; ajcmufvSefYvQif 'kuú#f?aMumufp&mtm½kHç ½lyg½kHç toHponfudk teD;odkY aqmifydkYxm;jcif;aMumufrufzG,faumif;aom pum;udk qdkjcif;wdkYjzifh ajcmufjcif; jzpf\/udk,fEIwfESpfyg; wpfyg;yg;jzifh ajcmufvQif ygpdwf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) udk,fEIwfESpfyg;? ajcmufwkHjim; olum; ygpdwfoifh/

OyorÜEéü wduygpdwf? tEkyorÜEéü wdu'kuú#f? rajcmufvdkbJajymqdkjyKvkyfaom &[ef;tm; tmywfroifh? t½l;ponfwdkYüvnf;tmywfroifh/

6/ aZmwdodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

aZmawwd tmavmuH y0awåwDwd aZmwd = tvif;udk jzpfap-wwfaom rD;udk &\/ 0dodAÁaw 0dodAÁeH - rD;vIHjcif;Bud,mwnf;/ 0dodAÁeHtayu©wDwd 0dodAÁemayau©m - rD;vIHjcif;udk tvdk&Sdaom &[ef;wnf;/

qD;rD;n§dxGef;jcif;ç oydwfzkwfvdkjcif;ç a&aEG;wnfvdkjcif; paomtaMumif;r&SdbJ *dvmevnf; r[kwfbJ oufouf rD;vIHvdkí rD;arT;vQifudk,fwdkif rD;xnfhaom &[ef;tm; rD;rawmufrD a&S;tzdkYü 'kuú#f? rD;awmufvmaomf ygpdwf? rD;vIHzdkY&ef vlç omraPudk rD;arT;ç rD;xnfh-cdkif;vQifvnf; ygpdwf? (þü ]rD; odprf;}paom uyÜd, a0g[m&jzifhcdkif;aumif;onf[k tqdkr&Sd/) vlç omraPwdkY arT;xm;NyD; rD;udk vIH&mütmywfroifh/

a&aEG;wnf&efç qGrf;csuf&ef ponftwGuf &[ef;u rD;arT;ay;-vQifvnf; ]wxm½lyypö,m}wGif yg0ifí tmywfroifh? odkYaomf rD;arT;-


aom ae&mu Zmwyx0Dajrom; r[kwfrS yx0DcPetjypf vGwfrnf-[k od/

vl omraP arT;xm;NyD;aom rD;udk vIHvkdí awmufatmif rIwf-aom &[ef;ç xif;xnfhay;aom &[ef;ç Nidrf;NyD;rD;pudk xnfhay;aom&[ef;tm; ygpdwf/

tmywftqifhqifhoifhyHk

t*dvmeü wduygpdwf? *dvmeü 'ku'kuú#f? *dvmeü *dvme[krSwfaom&[ef;? olwpfyg; xnfhxm;aom rD;udk vIHaom &[ef;? Z½Hk;-tdrfü rD;xnfhvkdjcif;paom taMumif;&Sdí rD;xnfhaom &[ef;? ab;&efaMumihf rD;xnfhaom &[ef;? Or®wåu ponfü tmywfroifh/

7/ e[meodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

rmoó ta¹m t¹rmoH? wpfv\ xuf0uf 15-&ufwnf;/rZösdrt&yfü a&csKd;aom aeYrSpí q,fhig;&ufrjynfhrD (q,hfig;&uf-twGif;) tcgajcmufyg;udk MuOfí a&csKd;tHh[k uo,frIefYç ajrnufponfudk pD&ifonfrS pí ya,m*wdkif; 'kuú#f? tqHk;ü ygpdwf/

odu©myk'fü rZösdra'o tdEd,e,füom ynwftyfaom ya'o-ynwf (wcsKdUt&yftwGuf ynwftyfaom odu©myk'f)wnf;/ xkdYaMumifhjrefrmEdkifiHpaom ypöEÅ&mZfrsm;ü tcgra&G; a&csKd;EdkifcGifh &Sdonf/

rZösdra'o ydkif;jcm;yHk

bk&m;jzpfawmfrl&m aAm"dr@dKifrS - (1) ta&SUvm;aomf *Z*Fved*Hk;tjyifbuf tifMuif;yifBuD;? (2) ta&SUawmifvm;aomf ov’0wDjrpf?(3) awmifbufvm;aomf aowed*Hk;&Gm? (4) taemufbuf vm;aomfxlPykPÖm;&Gm? (5) ajrmufbufvm;aomf Ood&'¨Zawmif? þe,ft-


wGif; ,lZemukd;&m t0ef;&Sdaom t&yfudk rZösdra'o[k qdktyfonf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) aAm"dÓPfvdIif? yifr@dKifrS? aeí Munfhjim;? ta&SU vm;aomf?*Z*Fv? ed*r\? tjyifbufwGif? tBuFif;yifwnf;/ a&SUawmifov’0wD? jrpfBuD;wnfí? awmifrl aow ed*rwnf;? aemufrlxlPykPÖm;\ &Gm? ajrmufu arSmifarSmif? Ood&'¨Zawmif\?rZÑdr0,f tv,facgifrSm? ,lZemonf? udk;&mt0ef; &Sdownf;/

tmywfoifhyHkrsm;

vcGJ rvGef&mü wduygpdwf? vcGJvGefonfü 'ku'kuú#f? vcGJvGef-onfü vGefonf[k rSwfaom &[ef;tm; tmywfroifh? tcgajcmufyg;üa&csKd;aom &[ef;? jrpfurf;yg;oGm;pOf oJwGif;jyKí a&csKd;aom &[ef;?ypöEÅ&mZfae &[ef;? ab;&efaMumifh a&csKd;aom &[ef;? ½l;aom &[ef;ponfwdkYtm; tmywfroifh/

8/ 'kAÁPÖu&P odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

e0H pD0&H = 0wf½kHavmufaom topfjzpfaom ouFef;wnf;/uyÜAdEK rxkd;&ao;rl omraPrsm; 0wf½kHNyD;jzpfaom a[mif;EGrf;aeaomouFef;udkaomfvnf; e0pD0& (ouFef;opf)[líyif qdk&rnf/

0drwdü &uftenf;i,frQ iSm;0wf&müvnf; AdE´Krxkd;&ao;vQifxkd;NyD;rS 0wf&rnf[k 0'EÅd0g' vm\/ xkd0g't& omraPwkdY oif;ydkifudkacwå,lí a&oEkyfvkyf&müyif uyÜAdE´Kxkd;Muonf/

ouFef;opf&NyD;aom &[ef;onf eDvç u'´rç umVomr[laom(pdrf;ndKa&mifç &THUñGefa&mifç rnf;ndKa&mif) uyÜAdE´K okH;rsKd; wpfrsKd;rsKd;xdk;NyD;rS 0wf&rnf/ uyÜAdE´Krxdk;bJ 0wfvQif ygpdwftmywf oifh\/

,cktcg uyÜAdEKxdk;&mü opf&Gufpdrf;udk ouFef;ay:wifí wkwf-acsmif;uav;jzifh opf&Guf&nf xGufatmif jcpfMu\/ xkdodkY xkd;vQif


eDva&mifjzpf\? cJwHjzifhjcpfí xkd;vQif u'´ra&mifjzpf\? rifeufjzifhxkd;vQif umVomra&mif jzpfonf/

uyÜAdE´Kxdk;&rnfh ae&m

uyÜAdE´Kt&G,fyrmPum; Oa'gif;rsufuGif;yrmPç Murf;ydk;ausmufukef;yrmP &dSap&rnf/ xdkuyÜAdEKtv,fü ]0}vHk;uJhokdY uGuf-vyf r&Sdap&/ wpfjyifwnf;jzpfNyD; 0dkif;0dkif;uav; jzpfap&rnf/ ESpfvHk;oHk;vHk; ponfjzifh pDwef;í xdk;aom ygVduyÜac: uyÜAdEKrsKd;ç usm;em;-a!mif;uJhodkY oHk;yGifhqkdif qdkifí xkd;aom uPÖduuyÜac: uyÜAdE´KrsKd;ponfwkdYum; rtyf/ wpfyg;aom azmufazmufjyefjyef vSvSyy jyKívnf; rxkd;aumif;? wpfaxmifhvQif wpfajymufom xkd;&rnf/ wpfBudrfxdk;NyD;vQif AdE´KysufoGm;apumrl xyfí xkd;zG,f rvkdawmhNyD/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) Murf;ydk; yd|d? a'gif;rsufpd? xdk;bd uyÜAdE´Kwnf;/trsm; rtyf? wpfom tyf? xdk;tyf 0dkif;0dkif;wnf;/

bk&m;vufxufawmfü wdw¬drsm;ESifh &[ef;rsm; c&D;twloGm;pOf"m;jywkdYu t0wfouFef;wdkYudk vk,lNyD;aemuf rif;rIxrf;wdkY zrf;qD;íjyef&onfhtcg wdw¬dwdkY t0wfESifh rdrdwdkYouFef;udk &[ef;rsm; rcGJjcm;-EdkifaomaMumifh wdw¬dwdkYt0wfESifh cGJjcm;jcif;tusKd;iSm &[ef;rsm;\ouFef;udk uyÜAdEKac: tajymufwpfrsKd;jzifh rSwfom;xm;apawmfrljcif;jzpfygonf/

tmywftqifhqifh oihfyHk

uyÜAdEK rxkd;onfü wduygpdwf? xkd;NyD;onfü 'ku'kuú#f? uyÜAdEK-ysufoGm;aom ouFef;? uyÜAdE´Kxdk;&mt&yf aqG;jrnfhysufpD;aomouFef;? uyÜAdEKxdk;aom ouFef;ESifh rxdk;aom ouFef; xyfí csKyfaomouFef;? aemufrS tem;ywfwifaom ouFef;ukd 0wfaom &[ef;?½l;aom &[ef;wkdYtm; tmywfroifh/


9/ 0duyÜemodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

0d*wm uyÜem 0duyÜem? rdrdOpömtjzpfrS uif;atmifjyKvkyfjcif;ukdqkdonf/ rdrdouFef; (rdrdoydwf)[k trSwfrxm;awmhbJ oDwif;okH;azmfwpfyg;yg;tm; ay;vkdufaomtcg ukd,fOpömtrSwfrS uif;oGm;awmhojzifh oDwif;okH;azmftm; ay;jcif;ukdyif 0duyÜemjyKjcif;[k ac:onf/xkdokdY 0duyÜemjyKNyD;aomtcg rdrdOpöm r[kwfawmh&um; ouFef; oydwf-ponf &NyD; (10)&uf vGefaomfvnf; edó*¾drxkdufawmhNyD/

0duyÜemjyKykH (2) rsKd;

or®Kc0duyÜem? y&Hrkc0duyÜem[k 0duyÜem ESpfrsKd; &Sd\/

or®Kc0duyÜemüvnf; (u) rdrday;vkd&m oDwif;okH;azmfu teD;-rSm&SdpOf wkduf½kdufjyK&aom or®Kc0duyÜem? (c) rdrday;vkd&m oDwif;okH;-azmfu ta0;rSm&SdpOf emrnfukd ,lí 0duyÜemjyK&aom or®Kc0duyÜem[kESpfrsKd; &Sd\/ y&r®Kc0duyÜemum; tjym;r&Sd wpfrsKd;wnf;om &Sdonf/

or®KcESifh y&r®Kc &Sif;vif;csuf

or®Kac y0wåm 0duyÜem or®Kc0duyÜem [lonfESifhtnD rsuf-arSmufü jzpfaom or®Kc0duyÜemwpfrsKd;? y&r®Kac y0wåm 0duyÜemy&r®Kc0duyÜem[lonfESifhtnD rsufuG,fjzpfaom y&r®Kc0duyÜemwpfrsKd;[k 0duyÜemESpfrsKd; jym;\/

wpfenf; - ]]or®Kace 0duyÜem or®Kc0duyÜem}} ouFef;ykdif&Sif-ukd,fwkdif rdrdEIwfjzifh 0duyÜemjyKjcif;wpfrsKd; ]]y&r®Kace 0duyÜem? y&r®Kc-0duyÜem}} 0denf;"kd&f[laom &[ef;wpfyg;xH tyfESHí 0denf;"kd&f[laomolwpfyg;\ EIwfjzifh 0duyÜemjyKjcif;wpfrsKd;[k ESpfrsKd; jym;\/


teD;&Sdoltm; or®Kc0duyÜemjyKykH

ouFef;&Sifu OK;wdótm; ay;vkdvQif OK;wdóxH csOf;uyfíouFef;wpfxnfukd ukdifíjzpfapç teD;ü csíjzpfap ]]£rH pD0&H wk,SH0duayÜrd}}[k qkdyg/ ouFef;rsm;aevQif ]]£rmed pD0&med wk,SH 0duayÜrd}}-[k qkd/ ouFef;u teD;rSm r&SdvQif ta0;&Sd&mukd ajymjyí (rnfonfhae&mrSm rnfonfhouFef;&Sdygonf[k ajymjyí) ]£rH} ae&m0,f ]{wH}?]£rmed} ae&m0,f ]{wmed}[k ajymif;í qkdyg? «£rH pD0&H = þouFef;ukd?wk,SH = oifhtm; (t&Sifbk&m;tm;)? 0duayÜrd = tmomuif;jywftyfpyfatmif 0duyÜemjyKyg\[k teufay;/»

0duyÜemjyK&jcif;tusKd;

þokdY &[ef;wpfyg;ESifh wkduf½kduf 0duyÜemjyK½kHrQjzifh rdrdae&müjyef,lodrf;xm;½kHum; tyf\? q,f&ufvGefaomfvnf; edó*¾drjzpfEkdif-jcif; tusKd;&Sd\/ okH;aqmifjcif; pGefYjcif; t"d|mefwifjcif;iSm rtyf?ypöK'dK&f rjyefao;aom (0duyÜem rjyefao;aom) ouFef;ukd okH;aqmiftHh? þodu©myk'ft& ygpdwftmywf oifhonf/ pGefYjcif;ukd jyKvQif'kuú#ftmywf oifhonf/

OK;wdóu ypöK'dK&fjyK&rnf (0g) 0duyÜemjyef&rnf jzpfonf/ ypöK'dK&fjyKoifhvsuf rjyKvQif OK;wdótm; 'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/

ypöK'dK&fjyKykH

xkdaMumifh OD;wdóu 0duyÜemjyKxm;aom ouFef;ukd ukdifíjzpfapçteD;ü csxm;íjzpfap ]]r,SH oEÅuH y&dbkÍÆ 0g 0doaZÆ[d 0g ,xmypö,Hua&m[d}}[k ypöK'¨dK&fjyK&rnf? r,SH = ig\ (wynfhawmf\)? oEÅuH =Opömukd? (Opömjzpfaom ouFef;ukd) y&dbkÍÆ 0g = okH;pGJrlvnf; okH;pGJyg?0doaZÆ[d 0g = pGeYfvkdrlvnf; pGefYyg/ ,xmypö,H = taMumif;tm;-


avsmfpGm (0g) tvkd&Sdovdkd/ ua&m[d = jyKyg/ ouFef;rsm;vQif ]]r,SHoEÅumed}}[k qkd&rnf? þokdY ypöK'¨dK&fjyKNyD;onftcg xkdouFef;ukdrlvouFef;&Sifu tvkd&Sdovkd jyKEkdifNyD/

ta0;aeoltm; or®Kc0duyÜemjyKykH

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y&r®Kc0duyÜemjyKykH

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4/ 'k|Kv’odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

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'k|Kv’ü 'k|Kv’[k odí rajymbJ aetHh ygpdwf? 'k|Kv’ü a0rwduçt'k|Kv’[k rSwfí rajymaetHh 'kuú#f? t'k|Kv’ü wdu'kuú#f? oHCmjiif;-cHkjcif; ponfjzpfvwåHU [lí rajymtHh tmywfroifh/ xdkYtwl þ&[ef;Murf;wrf;onf touftEÅ&m,f omoemhtEÅ&m,f jyKtHh[lí rajym-Mum;bJaeaom &[ef;? avsmufywfaom &[ef;udk r&í rajymMum;-bJaeaom &[ef;? rzHk;vTrf;vdkaom &[ef;? rdrdtrIjzifh xif&Sm;vwåHU[krajymMum;bJ aeaom&[ef;wdkYtm; tmywfroifh/ omraPwkdY\'k|Kv’ t'k|Kv’tjypfudk zHk;vTrf;ay;tHh? 'kuú#ftmywf[k od/

5/ ODe0Dowd0óodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

]]tEkZmemrd bdu©a0 *AÇ0DoH OyorÜma'wHk}} y#doaEËSifh wuGtESpfESpfq,f &Sdaomoludk &[ef;cHay;jcif;iSm igbk&m; cGifhjyKawmfrl\/trd0rf;wGif; (12)v y#doaEäecJhNyD;rl 19-ESpf wif;wif;jynfhaomaeY&[ef;cHay;aumif;ol jzpfNyD/

&[ef;cH&uf wGufyHk

trd0rf;acgif; udef;atmif;oaEwnfaeolwdkYwGif tcsKdUum; (7)vtcsKdUum; (8)v? (9)v? (10)v? (11)v? (12)v trsKd;rsKd; &Sd\/ odkYaomf(8)v arG;zGm;olum; toufr&Sif[k tqdk&Sd\? (7)v zGm;aomolum;udk,fcEm ao;i,f\? ponfjzifh qdkMu\/ trd0rf;wGif; (7)v y#doaEaeolum; arG;zGm;NyD;aemuf (19)ESpfESifh (5)vjynfhrS toufESpfq,fjynfhonf/ (9)v y#doaEäerl arG;zGm;NyD;aemuf (3)v pGef;vmrStoufESpfq,f jynfhonf/ þodkY ponfjzifh twkd;tqkwfrsm;udkod&rnf/ odkY&mwGif trd0rf;ü oaEwnfaeaomvudk aocsmpGm od&efcJ,Of;vS\/ xdkYaMumifh t,kwfqHk; (7)vxm;NyD; ,lygrS omí pdwfcs


&\/ þenf;twdkif; tESpfESpfq,frS wpf&ufrQ ,kwfavsmhaerl toufESpfq,f rjynfhaomoljzpfí &[ef;rcHaumif;[k odyg/

0gxyf&ufiifí ESpfvxnfh,lMuykH

okH;ESpfwpfBudrf 0gxyfavh&Sd&m (19)ESpfMumvQif 0gxyfonfhtwGufvaygif; (6)v ydkvm\/ odkY&mwGif (19)ESpftwGif;ü (wpfESpfvQif &ufrpkH6-vtwGuf 6-&ufus avQmhcJhaomaMumifh) (3)vESifh (24)&uf avsmhcJh-av\/ avQmhcJhaom &ufrsm;udk ,cif (6)v tydkrS EkwfvQif (2)vESifh(6)&ufom tykd usefawmh\/ (19)ESpfESifh trd0rf;wGif;u (10)v?tydk (2)vESifh (6)&ufESifh aygif;aomf touf(20)ESifh (6)&uf &Sdvmí&[ef;cHaumif;NyD[k qdkMu\/ ygwdarmu©ar'deDü &ufrpkH (6)vrS(6)&uf? tESpf(20) rS (4)v jzpfonf/ (6)vrS (4)v Ekwfaomf0gxyfviif (2)v[k qdkonf/ bmom#Dumü ayg&mP0g'ç ,ckacwf-0g'[k jyxm;ao;\/ bk&m;&Sifonf avmuokH;pGJ½kd;udk vdkufí toufESpfq,f[k ynwfawmfrl&um; toufESpfq,f rjynfhjynfhatmif 0gxyf&ufydkudk xnfhíxnfhí wGufjcif;udk bk&m;&Sif\ tvdkawmfusrnf[kvnf; rxifrday/ «ayg&mP ax&0g'ü &ufydkudk ,lí wGufxm;aomfvnf; trd0rf;ü atmif;cJh&m vrsm;udk r,laomaMumifh oHo,jzpfzG,fr&Sd[k qkd\/ (bmom#Dum)»

&[ef; rjzpfEkdif

qdktyfcJhNyD;aom wGufenf;rsm;twdkif; toufESpfq,f rjynfhbJ&[ef;cHaom yk*¾dKvfonf toufESpfq,frjynfh[k odonfjzpfapçrodonfjzpfap &[ef; rjzpfEdkif/

&[ef; rjzpfaomfvnf; tusKd;&Sd

xdkolu rdrd &[ef;tppfrjzpf[k rodbJ q,f0g &ojzifh OyZÑm,f-


q&m ur®0gpmq&mjyKvkyfí olwpfyg;udk &[ef;cHay;thH? xdk&[ef;rjzpfoludk z,fxm;í wjcm;&[ef;rsm;jzifh &[ef;cHjcif;udpö NyD;jynfhpkH-aomf &[ef;avmif;rSm aumif;pGm &[ef;jzpfonf/ xdkOyZÑm,fq&mjzpfolonf rdrd &[ef; rjzpf[k rodao;orQumvywfvkH; ewf&GmedAÁmefpsmefçr*fçzdkvf\ tEÅ&m,frjzpf/ odkYaomf &[ef;rjzpfrSef; odtHh? &[ef;wpfzef jyefcH&rnf/

]&[ef;ç OD;yÍöif;} ac:wGifvmykH

yk*Hjynf taemf&xmrif;vufxufü <ua&mufvmaom &Sift&[H-udk tpjyKí aemufaemuf yk*¾dKvfrsm;udk t&[H - &[H - &[ef;[ktqifhqifh toHajymif; ac:vmMuonf/

þ&[ef;awmfrsm;udk OyorÜEéyk'fodkY vdkufí oD[dkVfü Oyorf (=oD[dkVfoHjzifh Oyprf)[k ac:\? OyprfodkY vdkufí jrefrmwdkYu OD;ypif;OD;yÍÆif; = OD;Zif;[k ac:a0:a&;om;vmMuonf/ (bmom#Dum?325/)

vludkyif &[ef;cHay;aumif;ykH

]ODe0Dowd0óH omraP&H}[k rqdkbJ ]yk*¾vH}[k yk*¾dKvfomreftjzpfjzifh qdkaomaMumifhvnf;aumif;ç &[ef;jzpfaMumif;t*Fg (5)yg;-wGif 0w¬KorÜwådü omraPjzpf&rnf[k rqdkbJ touf(20) jynfhjcif;ESifhtbAÁyk*¾dKvf r[kwfjcif;[kom qdkaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; &[ef;cHcgeD;ouFef;ay;í o&P*kH r,lbJ ouFef;0wfxm;ol vludkyif &[ef;cHay;-aumif;onf[k rSwf/

tmywf tqkH;tjzwf

toufESpfq,f rjynfhao;onfü odvsuf yÍöif;cHtHh? ygpdwf/toufESpfq,frjynfhao;onfü ,kHrSm;jcif; &Sdonfjzpfí yÍöif;cHtHh'kuú#f? toufESpfq,f rjynfhao;onfü jynf\[k trSwf&Sdonfjzpfí


yÍöif;cHtHh? tmywfroifh? toufESpfq,fjynfhonfü rjynfhao;[ktrSwf&SdtHh 'kuú#f? ½l;aom &[ef;ç tpvufOD;vGefusL;aom &[ef;wkdYtm; tmywfroifh/

6/ ax,sow¬odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

axaewd apma&wDwd axaem? cdk;NyD;ç cdk;qJç cdk;vwåHUolwnf;/axaem {0 axa,sm? oGw¬ Ps ü P-acs? ,-a'Gabmfvm? o[taw¬e a,m 0wåwDwd oaw¬m? OpömESifh wuGjzpfjcif;&Sdaom ukefonf?axa&m p aom oaw¬m pmwd ax,soaw¬m? cdk;ol ukefonfudk&\/ rif;tm; ay;xdkufaom bk&ifhtcGef tpdk;&tcGefb@mawmfwdkYudkray;&atmif cdk;vmNyD; cdk;vmqJ cdk;vwåHU jzpfaomoludk ]ax,sow¬}[kac:\/ xdkcdk;ol ukefonfwdkYESifh (ckd;olrSef;)odvsuf aeY&uf csdef;csufí(tcsdef tcg aeY&uf &xm; um; oabFmrsm;ukd oabmwl pDpOfí)oGm;vQif ygpdwf/

tmywfoifhykH

cdk;olvlu rwdkifyifbJ rdrd&[ef;bufuom wdkifyifcsdef;csufaom&[ef;? cdk;ol ukefonfavvm;[k ,kHrSm;&Sdaom &[ef;tm; 'kuú#f? cdk;olukefonf r[kwfonfü 'ku'kuú#f? ESpfyg;pkHü cdk;ol ukefonf r[kwf[ktrSwf&Sdaom &[ef;? rwdkifyifbJ oGm;aom&[ef;? umvcRwf,Gif;íoGm;aom&[ef;? ab;&efaMumifh oGm;aom&[ef;? Or®wåu&[ef;wdkYütmywfroifh/

7/ oH0d"meodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

rmwk*grESifh csdef;csufwdkifyifí twlc&D;oGm;aom &[ef;tm;ygpdwf/ rcsdef;bJ oabFm &xm;wGif awGUqkHMuí twloGm;&vQiftmywfroifh? rmwk*gru csdef;apumrl &[ef;u jyefí oabmrwl


rcsdef;vQifvnf; tmywfroifh/ ESpfOD;oabmwl csdef;csufwdkifyifíc&D;oGm;rSom tmywfoifhonf/

bdu©Kaem0g'0*fü ]ObawmOyorÜEébdu©KeD}udkom ,lcJhaom-aMumifh rdaxG;awmfa*gwrDESifhtwl bdu©KeDjyKMuaom omuD0ifrif;orD;uJhodkY bdu©KoHCmxHüom bdu©KeDjzpfaom {uawmOyorÜEém bdu©KeDrsm;ESifh odu©rmefç omraPr okH;rsKd;udk þodu©myk'fü rmwk*gr t&üoGif;,l&rnf/

odkY&mwGif xkdbdu©KeD odu©rmef omraPrrsm;ESifh omouFoyÜ#d-b,c&D;udk oGm;&mtcgü twloGm;cGifh&ao;\/ rmwk*grESifhum;rnfonfhtcgrQ wdkifyifcsdef;csufí bk&m;zl; ponf twlroGm;&? ,kwfpGtqkH; &Gmr&SdvQif ,lZem0ufç &Gm&SdvQif tjcm;wpf&GmodkY ESpfOD; oabmwlcsdef;oGm;vQif ygpdwftmywf oifh\/

8/ t&d|odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

t&d|&[ef;udk taMumif;jyKí ynwftyfaomaMumifh t&d|odu©m-yk'f[k emrnfwyfonf/ t&d|&[ef;onf okwfç tbd"r®mwdkYü uRrf;-usifí 0denf;ü ruRrf;usifaom "r®uxdu A[kokw&Sdolwnf;/xdkYaMumifh tEÅ&m,fig;yg;&SdonfwGif a&SUtEÅ&m,f (4)yg;udkom em;vnfí ynwåd (tmPm) 0DwduúrEÅ&m,fudk em;rvnfacs/ bk&m;&Sif\trdefYtmPm ynwfawmfudk usL;ausmfjcif;aMumifh yg&mZduusvQifudk&ifjyK? vlrxGufao;orQ? oHCm'daoofoifhvQif y&d0gofraqmuf-wnfao;orQ? <uif;tmywf (5)ykHoifhvQif apwemESifhwuG tmywfoifhxm;vQif a'oemrajymao;orQ psmefr*fzdkvfudkvnf; r&EkdifatmifçaovQif vlYjynf ewfjynf ra&mufEdkifatmif edAÁmefvnf; r&Edkifatmifxdktmywfu tEÅ&m,fjyKaMumif;udkvnf; em;rvnfacs/ odkYjzpfíwpfaeYoü wpfOD;wnf; pOf;pm;onfrSm ]]vlwdkYonf umr*kPfcHpm;&if;


yif (umr*kPf rpGefYMubJ) aomwmyef ponf jzpfMu\/ &[ef;awmfrsm;vnf; aumif;rGefvSyaom tqif;ç teHYç t&omç zJarGU&mç urÁvmponfwdkYudk okH;pGJMu\/ þtm;vHk;tyfvQif bmaMumifh om,maom&m*csif; twlwl rmwk*gr\ tqif;teHYponfusrS rtyfbJ &Sd&rnf-enf;? bk&m;&Sifonf r[mork'´&mudk uefoif;(uZif;) qnfouJhodkYrjzpfEdkifaom yxryg&mZdutrIudk bmaMumifh BudK;pm;rif;pm; ynwf-awmfrl&owJhenf;}}[k pOf;pm;rdavonf/

zJarGU&mç urÁvmpaom tEl;tnHhudk okH;pGJ&mü tvGefom,mpGmokH;pGJvQif tjypfruif;ouJhodkY xdkYtwl arxkefudkvnf; tvGefom,mpGmrSD0JrS tjypfBuD;onf/ zJarGU&mponfudk oifhawmfovkd ESvkH;oGif;umvGefrif;pGm rom,mvQif tjypf rBuD;ouJhodkY oifhawmfovdk arxkefudk-vnf; vGefvGefrif;rif; rom,mvQif yg&mZdu jzpfavmufatmif tjypfrBuD;oifh? arxkeftrIudk rSD0Jaom &[ef;awmfrSm tMuifenf;jzifh rSD0JvQiftEÅ&m,frjyKEkdif/ xdk tEÅ&m,frjyKEkdifaom enf;jzifh bk&m;&Sif a[mawmfrlxm;aom enf;udk igodonf[k qdkvdkonf/

t&d|&[ef; pOf;pm;onfhtwdkif; zJarGU&mponfudk awmfovdk ESvkH;oGif;um ypöa0u©Pmqifjcifí okH;pGJEdkifovdk arxkefudk ypöa0u©-Pmqifjcifí odyfrom,mbJ rrSD0JEdkif? arxkefrSD0JrSjzifh tvGeftrif;om,mawmhrnfom/ xdkYaMumifh arxkeft&omESifh zJarGU&mwdkY\ t&-omudk tbd"r®moabmtm;jzifh wef;wlxm;í pOf;pm;jcif;onf qD;aph-ESifh jrif;rdk&fawmifudk EdIif;,SOfjcif;ESifh wlav&um; t&d|&[ef;\pOf;pm;rItm;vkH;onf rSm;,Gif;aom rdpämt,lrQom jzpfí yxr-yg&mZdu odu©myk'fudk y,f&Sm;jcif;rSmvnf; bk&m;&Sifudk em;rvnf&ma&mufapum oAÁnKwÓPfawmfudk olUÓPfavmuf rav;euf[ky,fzsuf&m a&mufavawmhonf/


tEÅ&m,frjyKEdkifavmufatmifaom enf;jzifh bk&m;a[mxm;aomw&m;udk igod\[k qdkjcif;rSmvnf; "r®uxduyDyD yd#uwfudk ravhvm-bJ oufouf tajcmuf<um; <um;vdkufjcif;yifwnf;/ trSefrSm xdkuJhodkYarxkefudk tEÅ&m,f rjyKEdkifaom enf;jzifh bk&m;&Sif a[mxm;tyfaomw&m; r&Sdacs/

(owdjyKzG,f) þt&d|&[ef;\ jzpfaxGudk rlvyPÖmo tv*'L-yrokwftzGifh MunfhygrS omí oem;zG,f aumif;onf/ i&JrS vGwf-awmhrnf r[kwf? xdkYaMumifh bk&m;&SifESifh bk&m;a[m w&m;awmfawGudkrpGyfpGJrd&ef "r®uxdursm;ESifh vlwdkif; owdxm;oifhMuayonf/

(bmom#Dum?330/)

tEÅ&m,fig;yg;

o*¾armu©meH tEÅ&m,H ua&mEÅDwd tEÅ&m,dum? ewf&Gm edAÁmefpsmef r*f zdkvfwdkY\ tEÅ&m,fudk jyKwwfaom yÍömeEÅ&d,uHpaomtEÅ&m,fwkdYwnf;/

1/ yÍömeEÅ&d,uH[laom tEÅ&m,fwpfyg; (bdu©LeD'louuHudkvnf;,lMuonf/ þbdu©LeD'louuHum; r*fzdkvf\ tEÅ&m,f jzpf\?ewf&Gm\ tEÅ&m,f rjzpf/) yÍömeEÅ&d,uHum; ESpfyg;pkH jzpfonf/

2/ ew¬du'd|dç ta[wku'd|dç tBud,'d|d[laom udavoEÅ&m,fwpfyg; (þudavoEÅ&m,fum; r*f zdkvfom wm;onf/)

3/ y@Kufç wd&pämefç ObawmAsnf;ç ZpöEÅ ponfwkdY\ y#doaE¨[l-aom 0dyguEÅ&m,f wpfyg;? (þ 0dyguEÅ&m,fum; r*f zkdvfomwm;jrpfonf/)

4/ t&d,myk*d¾KvfwdkYudk (bk&m;yapöuAk'gyg) pGyfpGJuJh&JUaom uH[laomt&d,ly0g'EÅ&m,f wpfyg;? pGyfpGJuJh&JUaom t&d,myk*d¾Kvfudk ruef-awmhoa&GU ewf&Gm r*fzdkvf ESpfyg;pkH wm;jrpfonf/ uefawmhNyD;aomf


rwm;jrpf/ (w&m;tm;xkwfolwdkY owdxm;oifhonf/)

5/ apwemESifhwuG odu©myk'fawmfudk vGefusL;jcif;[laom ynwåd-0DwduúrEÅ&m,f wpfyg;? tmywf(7)yHk oifha&mufaeaomf qdkif&m0denf;uHjzifh rukpm;ao;orQ ewf&Gm r*fzdkvfudk wm;jrpf\?ukpm;NyD;rS ewf&Gm r*fzdkvfudk rwm;/ (þodu©myk'fü 5-eHygwftmPm0DwduúrEÅ&m,fudk ,l/)

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) uH udavo? 0dygu? 0g' wduúrm/ewf&GmcsKdUoGm;? r*fzkdvfwm;? ig;yg; tEÅ&m/

a'oemukd pGyfpGJuJh&JUonf&Sdaomf a'oem&Sif (jrwfpGmbk&m;)ukd-vnf; pGyfpGJuJh&JU&m a&mufonf/ ]rm b*0EÅH tAÇmpdu©d}]rm b*0EÅH tAÇmpdu©d}]rm b*0EÅH tAÇmpdu©d}]rm b*0EÅH tAÇmpdu©d}]rm b*0EÅH tAÇmpdu©d}ukd axmufyg/

umronf t½kd;wpfç om;wpfç jrufrD;½SL;ç rD;usD;pkç tdyfrufç tiSm;-Opömç opfoD;ç pOfhESD;wkH;ç wHusifç vSHrç a`rGOD;acgif;wkdYESifh wlonf[ktaeuy&d,m, rsm;pGmaom taMumif;wkdYjzifh umr\ tjypfrsm;ukda[mMum;xm;awmfrlonf/

tmywfoifhykHrsm;

okH;Budrfwkdifatmif qkdqkH;rtyfonf jzpfvsuf t,lukd rpGefYaom&[ef;tm; 'kuú#f? jrifukef Mum;ukefvsuf rqkdqkH;raom &[ef;tm;-vnf; 'kuú#f? oD;jcm;qkdvsuf rpGefYtHh? 'kuú#f/ wpfzef oHCmhtv,fokdYac:iifí rqkdqkH;rol &[ef;tm;vnf; 'kuú#f? qkdqkH;rvsuf t,lukdrpGefYao;tHh 'kuú#f? oHCmhtv,fokdY ac:iifí qkdqkH;rygvsuf t,lrpGefYao;rl wpfzef Úwådpwkw¬uH jyK&rnf/ ÚwftqkH; ur®0gpmESpfBudrftqkH;ü rpGefYtHh? 'kuú#f/ okH;Budrfajrmuf ur®0gpm tqkH;ü rdpämt,lukdrpGefYtHh? ygpdwftmywf oifh\/

"r®uHü wduygpdwf? t"r®uHü wdu'kuú#f/ rqkH;rtyfaom&[ef;çt,lrpGefYaom&[ef;ç Or®wåu&[ef;wkdYtm; tmywfroifh/


9/ Ou©dwåoarÇm*odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

t&d|&[ef; ,ltyfaom rdpämt,lrsKd;ukd ,lvQif xkd&[ef;ukd Úwf-ur®0gpmjzifh ESifxkwf&\/ xkdESifxkwftyfaom &[ef;ukd Ou©dwåu&[ef;[k ac:\/ xkd&[ef;ESifh odvsuf tmrdooarÇm*ç "r®oarÇm*ponfukd jyKvQif þodu©myk'ft& ygpdwftmywf oifhf\/

rjyKtyfao;aom Moom&PuH &Sdol

xkdOau©yeD,uH tjyKcH&ojzifh rmefrmeusí qkdif&m usifh0wfrsm;-ukd usifhNyD;aemuf xkduHukd Nidrf;ygaprnfhtaMumif; awmif;yefaomtcgoHCmhabmifokdY jyefí oGif;aom ]Moom&PuH} jyK&onf/ xkdMoom-&PuH rjyK&ao;aom Ou©dwåu&[ef;ukd tuwmEk"r® [k ac:onf/

tEk"ar®m (= tEk½layg + "ar®m)? tuawm tEk"ar®m ,ómwdtuwmEk"ar®m/ tEk½layg = Oau©yeD,uHtm;avsmfaom/ "ar®m =Moom&PuH[laom 0denf;w&m;onf/ tEk"ar®m = tEk"r® rnf\/,ó = tMuifol\/ tuawm = rjyKtyfao;aom tEk"ar®monf/tw¬d = &Sd\/ £wd = xkdYaMumifh/ tuwmEk"ar®m = tuwmEk"r®rnf\/

Moom&PuH rjyK&ao;aomfvnf; rdpäm0g'ukd pGefYNyD;NyD[k odvQifoarÇm* ponfukd jyKEkdifNyD? xkdYaMumifh ]wH 'd|ð tyÜ#dedoa|e = xkdt,lukdrpGefYao;ol}[k xyfí 0daooe ulrçay;&onf/

oarÇm* ESpfrsKd;

qGrf;paom tmrdoypönf;ukd (rdrdtm; ay;vQif) cH,lokH;pGJjcif;?rdrdu xkd&[ef;tm; csD;ajr§mufay;urf;jcif;onf tmrdooarÇm*?ygVdawmf t|uxm"r®wkdYukd ykdYcsay;jcif;ç xkd&[ef;txHu oif,ljcif;-onf "r®oarÇm* rnf\/ qGrf;twlpm;jcif;ç y&dwf twl&Gwfjcif;-onf tmrdooarÇm* r[kwfyg/


oH0ao,sç o[ 0g ao,s

Ou©dwåu&[ef;ESifh twlwuG Oykofç y0g&Pmpaom uHtwljyKjcif;ukd oH0ao,s[k qkdonf/ tum&H Oypmyif jcm;aomfvnf;wpfckwnf;aom trkd;&Sdaom ausmif;ü Ou©dwåu&[ef;ESifh twlwuGtdyfjcif;ukd ]o[ 0g ao,s}[k qkdonf/

tmywfoifhykHrsm;

tmrdooarÇm*ü wpfBudrfaom ya,m*jzifh rsm;pGm ay;jcif;ç,ljcif; jyKthH? ygpdwf wpfcsuf? jzwfí jzwfí ay;jcif;ç ,ljcif;jyKaomfya,m*wkdif; ygpdwf? "r®oarÇm*ü y'aom"r®odu©myk'ftwdkif; ygpdwf?oH0goü uHjyKtqkH; ygpdwf? o[0gao,sü tdyfjcif; ya,m*wdkif;ygpdwf/

Ou©dwåuü a0rwdu? 'kuú#f/ tEku©dwåuü 'ku'kuú#f/ Ou©dwåuçtEku©dwåu ESpfa,mufvkH;ü tEku©dwåu[k rSwfxifaom &[ef;tm;tmywfroifh? t,lukd pGefYNyD;NyD[lívnf;aumif;ç oGif;tyfNyD;NyD[lívnf;aumif; tmywfroifh/

10/ uP³uodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

uP³uomraPukd taMumif;jyKí ynwfawmfrltyfaomaMumifh]uP³uodu©myk'f}[k emrnf wyfonf/ t&d|&[ef;uJhokdY uP³u-omraPrSmvnf; rdpämt,ljzpfí ]wxm[H b*0wm "r®H} ponfukdajymqkdonf? ,cktcg bk&m;&Sifudk pGyfpGJaom xkdomraPrsKd; ay:vm-vQif odu©myk'ftwkdif; qkH;r&rnf? qkH;rí &cJhaomf qufvufí ajymqkd-&rnfrSm ---

tZÆwa*¾ / y / aw ew¬d/

,aeYupí igwkdYbk&m;&Sifukd oifu q&m[lí rñTefjyESifhawmh


]]oifu bk&m;&Sifukd pGyfpGJxm;aomaMumifh oifvnf; bk&m;&Sif\ wynfhr[kwfEkdifawmhNyD}}[lvkd/ ]]tjcm;omraPrsm;rSm &[ef;awmfrsm;ESifhtwl3-nOfh tdyfcGifh&Muao;\? oifhrSm xkdtdyfcGifhrsKd; r&awmhNyD? oifESifhtwlwuG wpfrkd;wnf;aom ausmif;ü tdyfaom &[ef;rSm tmywfoifhrnf}} [lvkd? ]]oifonf igwkdY\ rjrifuG,f&m awmf&macsmifMum;-t&yfokdY oGm;í ysufpD;avawmh}}[k ajymqdk&rnf/

emoe = zsufqD;rI 3-rsKd;

wxmemodw-t& zsufqD;rI[l&mü t&d|&[ef;udk zsufqD;ovkdtaygif;toif; rvkyf&atmif zsufqD;jcif;[laom ]oH0goemoe}?toGifudkzsuf vlxGufapjcif;[laom ]vd*Femoe} (arwåd,bdu©KeDrukdzsufqD;Mu vlxGufyap) [louJhokdYwnf;/

]]igh&Sif omraP ...,aeYrSpí jrwfpGmbk&m;ukd oifhq&m[lírñTefMum;ESifhawmh}} þokdY tjypf'Pf ay;í zsufqD;jcif;[laom ]'@-ur®emoe}[k rSwf? xkd 3-yg;wdkYwGif þodu©myk'fü '@ur®emoeukd,l&rnf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) oH0gç vd*F? 'Pfur®? okH;0 emoem?'@ur®? emoe? ,l& þodu©m/ (ar'deD?397/)

tmywfoifhykH

oydwfay;rnf? ouFef;ay;rnf? pmcsay;rnf ponfjzifh ajymqkdíxkdESif'Pfay;xm;aom omraPukd aoG;aqmifac:,lvQif Oyvm-ay,s? omraP\ a&csKd;uo,frIefYç ajrrIefYponfukd om,mvsuftvkyftauR;cH,lvQif Oy|may,s? xkdomraPESifh tmrdooarÇm*"r®oarÇm*jyKvQif oHbkaÍÆ,s? trkd;wlaom ausmif;ü wpfnOfhrQjzpfaptwltdyfvQif o[ 0g ao,sH uayÜ,s jzpfí xkd&[ef;rSm uP³uygpdwf oifh\/


(8) o["r®du0*f odu©myk'f (12) yg; tusOf;

1/ oDwif;okH;azmfwkdY\ Opömjzpfaom odu©myk'fjzifh qkdqkH;rtyfaomfigh&SifwkdY t&SifwkdYrSwpfyg;aom xufjrufaom 0denf;"kd&fjzpfaom&[ef;ukd rar;&ao;rD wynfhawmfonf þodu©myk'fü usifhvdrfhOD;rnf r[kwf? þodkY ajymqkdjcif;aMumifh o["r®duygpdwf oifh\/&[ef;wkdY.. odu©myk'fukd usifhvkdaom &[ef;onf rodçodatmifjyK&m\? rodvQifvnf; ar;jref;&m\? ar;jref;NyD;aemufvnf;tacgufacguftcgtcg MuHpnf&m\? þodatmif jyKjcif; ar;jref;-jcif; MuHpnfjcif;onf xkdodu©myk'fukd usifhvkd&mü avmukwå&mtm;avsmfaom usifh0wfwnf;/

2/ &[ef;onf ygwdarmufukd >rufqkd&GwftHjyefaeonf&Sdaomf &Gwfqkd&Gwfjytyfukefaom? i,fukefç omíi,fukefaom þodu©myk'fwdkYjzifhtb,ftusKd;&SdtHhenf;? ukuúKpötusKd;iSmvnf;aumif;ç yifyef;jcif;iSmvnf;aumif;ç pdwfukd a&;jcpfouJhokdYjzpfaom 0dpdudpämtusKd;iSm-vnf;aumif; jzpfukef\[k ajymqkdtHh? þokdY odu©myk'fukd uJh&JUjcif;-aMumifh 0davceygpdwf/

3/ tpOftm;jzifh vcGJwkdif; (0g) vcGJwkdif; vcGJwdkif;ü ygwdarmufudk(OykofjyKaom tcg) &Gwftyfjytyfaomf wynfhawmfonf ,ckrSom od&\/ þodu©myk'f w&m;awmfonfvnf; ygwdarmuf ygVd-awmfü vmonf? ygwdarmufygVdawmfü tusKH;0ifonf? vcGJwdkif;&GwfjytyfonftjzpfodkY a&mufouJhodkY (0g) a&muf qdkygwum;?þodkY ajymqdk tHh? xdkajymqdkaom &[ef;udk wpfyg;aom &[ef;wdkYonf ESpfBudrfokH;Budrf ygwdarmuf&GwfjytyfpOf þ&[ef;onfOykofjyKoHCmwGif yg0if aexdkiftyfzl;onfudk tu,fí odukeftHh/ ESpfBudrf okH;Budrfxuf tvGef yg0ifzl;rlum; bmajymzG,f&SdawmhtHhenf;? xdk &[ef;\ rod[efaqmifjcif;aMumifh tmywfrS


vGwfjcif;onf r&dS? odu©myk'f vGefusL;í a&S;wkef;u oifhcJhaomtjypftmywfawGudk "r®uH 0denf;uH tm;avsmfpGm jyKapxdkuf\(0g) ukpm;apxdkuf\/ ,xm"r®u&Pxuf wkd;wufívnf;xdk&[ef;tay:odkY arm[uHokdY wifxdkuf\/

]]igh&Sif oifonf ygwdarmufukd &GwftyfjytyfpOf aumif;rGefpGmtusKd;&Sdonfukd jyKí ESvkH;roGif;/ oifonf 'd|"r®duç orÜ&m,duvmbfwkdYukd r&tyfukefavpG/ oifonf vlUtjzpfukd raumif;-ojzifh &tyfavpG (0g) t&rawmfavpG/ þokdY uJh&JUNyD;í arm[uHokdY wifxkduf\/ (arm[uHokdY Úwådur®0gpmjzifh wif&onf??)arm[uHokdY wifNyD;onf&Sdaomf xkd rod[efaqmifaom &[ef;üþ arm[eygpdwftmywf oifh\/

4/ tjcm;&[ef;tm; pdwfqkd;onfç rdrdpdwf r&Sdonfjzpfí ykwfcwfjcif;aMumifh y[m&ygpdwf/

5/ tjcm;&[ef;\ tay:ü pdwfqkd;onf rdrdpdwf r&Sdonf (0g) pdwf-ESvkH; rom,monfjzpfí vSH\tvm; vuf0g;jyifukd ajr§mufrkd;jcif;aMumifh wvowåduygpdwf/

6/ &[ef;udk trlvu oHCm'daooftmywfjzifh pGyfpGJjcif;aMumifhtrlvuygpdwf/

7/ &[ef;tm; onmESifhwuG aphaqmfí xkd&[ef;\ wrk[kwfrQ-vnf; rcsrf;omrIonf jzpfvwåHU/ þokdY&nf&G,fí þpdwfrcsrf;omjcif;ukdomvQif taMumif;jyKí tjcm;taMumif;r&SdbJ ukuúKpöukd jzpfapjcif;aMumifh oÍdöpöygpdwf? (0g) ukuúKpöKyÜg'eygpdwf/

8/ jzpfaom rdrdwkdYbufwGif wkdifyifjcif;&Sdukefaomç jzpfaom ckduf-&ef&Sdukefaomç jiif;ckHjcif;okdY a&mufukefaom &[ef;wkdY\ wkdifyifoH\ teD;ü (0g) wkdifyifoHukd Mum;avmuf&mt&yfü þ&[ef;wkdYajymqkd wkdifyifMuaom pum;ukd em;axmifrnf[k MuHí em;axmif


jcif;ukdomvQif taMumif;jyKí tjcm;taMumif; r&SdbJ &yfwnfíaejcif;aMumifh Oyókwdygpdwf/

9/ w&m;ojzifh jyKtyfukefaom (0g) [kwfrSefaom oabm&Sdukef-aom av;yg;aom uHwkdYtm; qEukd ay;NyD;í aemufü ½Iwfcsjcif;oabmokdY a&mufjcif;aMumifh ur®ywdAm[eygpdwf/

10/ oHCmü tqkH;tjzwfpum;onf jzpfaepOf qEukd ray;bJ ae&mrSxí zJoGm;jcif;aMumifh qEH t'wGm *reygpdwf/

11/ tnDtñGwfjzpfaom oHCmESifhwuG orkwd&aom &[ef;tm;0duyÜemavmufaom ouFef;ukd ay;NyD;í aemufü oHCduvmbf-ukd &[ef;wkdYonf rdwfaqGjzpfaom csD;rGrf;tyfaom &[ef;tm;ay;ojzifh ñTwfapukefbd\/ þokdY ½Iwfcsjcif;oabmokdY a&mufjcif;aMumifh 'kAÁvygpdwf/

12/ oHCmokdY ñGwfxm;NyD;[k odvsuf oHCduvmbfukd yk*¾dKvfokdY ñGwfapjcif;aMumifh y&dPmreygpdwftmywf oifh\/

1/ o["r®duodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

tem'&d, odu©myk'fü 0denf;ynwfawmf"r®ukd rav;pm; *½krpkdufvkyfvQif tmywf[k ynwfcJhNyD/ þodu©myk'füum; oDwif;okH;azmf&[ef;rsm;u 0denf;odu©myk'fjzifh þuJhokdY rvkyfoifhaMumif;ukd ajymqkdqkH;raomtcg ]þodu©myk'fukd rusifhEkdifbl;}[k wkduf½kduf ajymqkdvkdufvQif tem'&d,odu©myk'ft& ygpdwftmywfukd aMumufaomaMumifhwkduf½kduf rjiif;qef0HhbJ ]]þodu©myk'fü þuJhokdY usifh&rnfrSm trSefyifjzpfygovm;}}[k xif&Sm;aom tjcm;0denf;"kd&fukd ar;OD;rnf/ xkduJhokdYar;jref; pkHprf;aeckdufrSmjzifh þodu©myk'fukd rusifhEkdifao;[k oG,f0kdufíjiif;qefonf/ xkduJhokdY jiif;qefvQifvnf; ygpdwftmywfyif jzpfonf/


avmukwå&mw&m;tm; avsmfaom tusifh

&[ef;qkdwm usifhvkdpdwf &Sdvsuf odu©myk'fqkdif&m0,f rod od-atmif jyK&rnf/ odatmifjyKvsuf rodvQifvnf; ]þygVdu bmukdqkdvkdygoenf;} ]þygVd\ teufum; b,fvkdygenf;} ponfjzifh ar;&-rnf/ ar;NyD;aemufvnf; tacgufacguftcgcg MuHpnf& EdIif;csdef&rnf/þokdY odatmif jyKrIç ar;jref;rIç EdIif;csdefrIukd jyK&jcif;onf avmuk-wå&mw&m;tm; aumif;jrwfaomtusifh jzpfonf[k wkdufwGef;aompum;wkdYwnf;/

0denf;"kd&f tmedoif (5) yg;? wpfenf; (11) yg;

0denf;"kd&f&[ef;onf 0denf;y&d,wfukd taMumif;jyKí tusKd;tmedoif (5)yg;rS pí (11)yg; txd &Ekdifonf/ &ykHrSm ---

1/ oDvvkHjcHKjcif;? 2/ ukuúKpöESdyfpufaom &[ef;wkdY\ ukd;uG,ftm;xm;&m jzpfjcif;? 3/ oHCmhtv,fü &J&J&ifh&ifh ajymqkd0Hhjcif;?4/ rdrd\ &efolç omoemh&efolwkdYukd w&m;ojzifh ESdyfeif; wm;jrpfEkdifjcif;?5/ olawmfaumif;w&m;ukd usifhEkdifjcif;? þig;yg;aom tusKd;tmedoif-rsm; &Ekdif\/ xkdYjyif Oykofukd tpkd;&jcif; wpfyg; xyfxnfhvQif (6)yg;?y0g&Pmukd tpkd;&jcif;wpfyg; xyfxnfhvQif (7)yg;? tyavmueuHpaom oHCmhuH (4)yg;ukd tpkd;&jcif; wpfyg; xyfxnfhvQif (8)yg;?OyZÑm,fjyKí &SifjyKay;Ekdifjcif; wpfyg; xyfxnfhvQif (9)yg;? OyZÑm,fjyKí &[ef;cHay;Ekdifjcif; wpfyg; xyfxnfhvQif (10)yg;? edó,nf;ay;Ekdifjcif;ESifh omraPwkdY\ tvkyftauR;cHEkdifjcif;wpfyg; xyfxnfh-aomf (11)yg;txd 0denf;"kd&ftmedoif tusKd;rsm; &Ekdif\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) oDvvkHpGm? tm;xm;&m? oHCmv,fü qkd?&efolESdyfxm;? usifhw&m;? usKd;ig; 0denf;"kd&f/Oykofy0g&P? uH av;0? pkd;& okH;ckvm/


&[ef;yZÑm,f? &SifyZÑm,f? ESpfoG,f xnfhavyg/edosnf;ay;? vkyfauR;&Sifrsm;? aygif; wpfyg;? ajcmufyg;o½kyfvm/ajcmufrS q,fhwpf? wpfESpfvpf? jzpf\ edoHom/ (ar'deD?400/)

OyorÜEéü wduygpdwf? tEkyorÜEéü wdu'kuú#f? ynwfawmfr[kwfaom pum;jzifh qkH;r&mü þtwkdif;qkdaom &[ef;tm; 'kuú#f?odatmif jyKtHh? usifhMuHygtHh[kqkdaom &[ef;tm; tmywfroifh/Or®wåu ponfwkdYtm;vnf; tmywfroifh/

2/ 0davceodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

ygwdarmufudk wpfyg;yg;u &Gwfqdkaeavaomf &GwfqdkoHudk Mum;-&aom &[ef;u ]]þck'gEkck'u odu©myk'fawGudk &GwfqdkaevdkY bmvkyf-OD;rSmvJ? onfck'´gEkck'úodu©myk'fawG[m tvGefYudk ukuúKpöç 0da[oç0davc jzpfapEdkifonf}} þodkY odu©myk'fudk uJh&JUvQif ygpdwftmywf[kynwfawmfrltyfaom odu©myk'fwnf;/

]O'dórmae} t&

q&mudk,fwdkif wynfhtm; &Gwfqdkí (ydkYcs)aeonfjzpfap? wynfhuawmif;yefí &Gwfqdkaeonfjzpfap? xdkygwdarmufudk wpfyg;yg;u pmjyefovdk &Gwfqdkaeonfjzpfap? OykofaeY ygwdarmufjyonfhtcg &Gwfqdkaeonfjzpfap? xdk&GwfqdkrItm;vHk;udkyif O'dórmaeyk'fü oGif;,lEdkifonf/

ck'ÉSifh tEkck'ú odu©myk'fcGJyHk

ck'´ç tEkck'ú - i,fukefç omíi,fukef[lonfrSm yg&mZdu-odu©myk'fudk z,fxm;í oHCm'daoofrSpí tvHk;pHkaom odu©myk'f-wdkYudk y&d,m,ftm;jzifh ck'ç tEkck'u-[k cGJ,l&rnf/ oHCm'daoofudkck'´? xdkYatmufi,faom xkv’pöOf;paom odu©myk'frsm;um; tEkck'ú?


xkv’pöOf;onf ck'? xdkYatmufi,faom ygpdwfpaom odu©myk'frsm;um;tEkck'u? ygpdwfonf ck'? yg#da'oeDonf tEkck'u? yg#da'oeDonfck'´? 'kuú#fonf tEkck'ú? 'kuú#fonf ck'´? 'kAÇmodonf tEkck'ú?þum; y&d,m,ftm;jzifh axmufíaxmufí ,lyHkwnf;/

«þü oHCm'daoofum; ck'omç tEkck'utrnfr&/'kAÇmoDum;tEkck'ómç ck'´rrnf/ yg&mZduum; ck'´vnf; rrnfç tEkck'úvnf;rrnf/»

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) yg-oH-xkvf-yg? yg-'kuf-'kAf? tmywf ckepfyk'f/

ukuúKpöç 0da[oç 0davc okH;yk'f txl;

þtrIonf tyfavoavmç rtyfbJ &Sdavoavm[k MuHpnfípdwfESvHk;rom,mrIudk ukuúKpöac:onf/ xdkuJhodkYMuHpnfjcif;aMumifhpdwfESvHk;yifyef;rIudk 0da[oac:onf/ ,HkrSm;oHo, 0dpdudpämjzpfaerIudkraem0davc ac:onf/

tmywftqHk;tjzwf

OyorÜEéü wduygpdwf? tEkyorÜEéü wdu'kuú#f? wpfyg;aomw&m;udk uJh&JU&müvnf; 'kuú#f? ruJh&JUvdkojzifh okwåef*gxm tbd"r®mwpfckckoif,lNyD;rS 0denf;udkoif,l&ef wdkufwGef;aom &[ef; tmywfroifh? Or®wåuponf tmywfroifh/

3/ arm[euodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

tEG¹rmoH (tEk+t¹rmoH)ü tEk-o'´gonf tpOftwdkif;[laom teufudk twGif;jyKí 0dpämteufudk a[monf/ O'dórmae-um; a&SUodu©myk'fuJhodkY oiftHydkYcsjcif;udk r,l&? OykofjyKonfhtcg ygwd-armufjyjcif;udk ,l&rnf? rme-ypönf; ypöKyÜefa[maomfvnf; ygwdarmufjywkef; r,l&? ygwdarmufjyNyD;aemufrS ajymqdkonf[k ,l&rnf?/tmywf


ukpm;jcif; arm[uHwifjcif;wdkYonf ygwdarmufjywkef;0,f jyKzdkY&efrvG,fulaomaMumifhwnf;/

,cktBudrf remrD a&S;u vGefusL;cJhaom tjypfrsm;twGuf rodíjyKcJhrd[efaqmifaomfvnf; tmywfrS rvGwf? qdkif&m0denf;w&m;awmftwdkif; xdktmywfudk ukpm;&rnfom jzpfonf/

]arm[uH}odkY wif&rnf

qdkif&mtmywfudk ukpm;½Hkru arm[uHodkYvnf; wdk;í wif&rnf?aemufxyf arm[uH jyK&rnf [lvdk? ESpfBudrf okH;Budrf Mum;zl;jcif;t*Fgt& xdk&[ef;onf &[ef;jzpfcgp jzpfí ygwdarmuftus,fjyonfudkESpfBudrfokH;Budrf remzl;ao;vQif ESpfBudrfokH;Budrf emzl;apumrl tusOf;jyjcif;udkom emzl;vQif arm[uHodkY rwif&? vGefusL;rdaom tjypfudkum;w&m;enf;vrf; 0denf;vrf;aMumif;twdkif; ukpm;&rnfom jzpfonf/

4/ y[m&odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

pdwfqdk;í &[ef;tm; ½kdufESufykwfcwfvQif ygpdwf? aoapvdkaomapwem r&SdvQif ½dkufonfhtwGuf vufvGefí aoapumrl ygpdwfyif?vlçomraPwkdYtm; ½dkufESuf&mü 'kuú#fcsnf;om? odkY&mwGif &efolwdkYuESdyfpufvmojzifh olwdkYab;rS vGwfajrmufatmif umuG,f&mü ½dkufrdapumrl vufvGefí aoapumrl aoapvdkaom apwemr&SdvQif tem-ywåd? tmywfroifh/

5/ wvowåduodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

vSHonf xdk;qGp&m jzpfouJhodkY vuf0g;tjyifvnf; ½dkufykwfp&mjzpfonf/ vuf0g;tjyifudk Oyvu©Penf; tpdwfudk rSwfí qdkonf/vuf0g;jzifh omru ajcç 'l;paom udk,ft*Fgtpdwfrsm;udk wvowådut& ,l&rnf/


tmywfoifhyHk

½dkufrnf[k rMuHbJ Ncdrf;ajcmufaomtm;jzifh aMumufoGm;atmif&[ef;\ tay:ü vuf0g;BuD;wrkd;rdk; vufoD;w&G,f&G,f ajcjzifhuef-rnf w&rf;&rf; wkwf"m; wjyjyvkyfvQif þodu©myk'ft& ygpdwf? xdkuJhodkYNcdrf;ajcmuf&G,frdk;&mü rcsdefqEdkifí vufvGef (tm;vGef)oGm;NyD; ½dkufrd-vQif 'kuú#f? apwem cRwf,Gif;aomaMumifh [l\/

6/ trlvuodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

udk,fwdkifpGyfpGJjcif; olwpfyg;udk pGyfpGJapjcif;jzifh apm'emtyfaom&[ef;onf apm'emqJcPü ighudk xdk&[ef; ap'emaeNyD[k odtHh?apm'empGyfpGJaom &[ef; ygpdwf? atmuftmywf tmpm&0dywådç 'd|d-0dywådwdkYjzifh apm'emtHh? 'kuú#f/

7/ oÍödpöodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

igajymvdkufvQif olpdwfrcsrf;rom jzpfvdrfhrnf[k odaom onm-udk oÍödpö? oH-t& ]onmESifhwuG}[k qdkonf? ]]udk,fawmf &[ef;cH-cJhwm toufESpfq,f rjynfhbl; xifw,f? odrfuvnf; ratmifbl;xifw,f? qGrf;bkOf;ay;aewkef;u aevGJw,f xifw,f}} ponfhjzifhajymvdkufvQif tajymcH&aom &[ef;rSm ]&[ef;rS jzpfyghrvm;} ponfjzifh,HkrSm;oHo, jzpf\/ xdkoHo,udkyif þü ukuúKpö[k ac:onf/

,ckvdkajymvQif olUrSm ukuúKpöjzpfum wpfcPavmufrQjzpfapçpdwfESvHk;rcsrf;rom jzpfvdrfhrnf[k &nf&G,fcsuf xm;tHh? þodkY ukuúKpöjzpfapvdkaom &nf&G,fcsufrS wpfyg; tjcm;taMumif;r&Sdrl ygpdwf/

wu,fyif toufraphbl;xifí odrfratmifbl;xifíaemiftcgxdk&[ef;ü oHo,jzpfrnf pdk;aomaMumifh tusKd;vdkvm;aom pdwfjzifhajymvQifum; xdk&[ef; ukuúKpöjzpfaomfvnf; ajymaom&[ef; tmywfroifh/


8/ Oyókwdodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

wpfbufESifh wpfbuf cdkuf&efjzpfaeMu&m0,f wjcm;wpfbuf&[ef;wdkY\ wdkifyifoHudk oufoufMum;vdkojzifh acsmif;í em;axmif-vQif ygpdwf? em;axmif[l&mü oGm;í em;axmifjcif; omru rdrdaexdkif&m teD;odkY rdrd&SdaerSef; rodí wdkifyif&ef vmMuvQif rdrd&SdaeaMumif;udk odatmif toHjyK&rnf/ toHrjyKbJ em;axmifaevQifvnf;ygpdwf/

b@eç uv[ç 0d0g'gyEé

olwdkYu onfvdkajymvQif igwdkYu onfvdk ajymrnf? acsyrnf?ponfjzifh rdrdwdkY bufom;csif; wdkifyifrIudk ]b@e}[k ac:onf/wpfbufESifhwpfbuf udk,fvufjzifhjzpfapç EIwfjzifhjzpfap xdcdkufí&efjzpfjcif;udk ]uv[}[k qdkonf/ olUbufu rSefonf ighbufu rSefonf ponfjzifh 0d0g'g"du½kPf; jzpfvsuf wpfbufESifh wpfbuf jiif;Mujiif;Mu&if;yif tvGefa'gxí jiif;ckefMujcif;udk ]0d0g'gyEé}[k qdkonf/

Oyókwð wda|,s

ol,wDwd okwd? okwd,m orDyH Oyokwd? Mum;tyfaomtoH\ teD;-[lonf toHudk Mum;avmuf&m t&yfwnf;/ OyokwdonftAs,Dabmormofwnf;/ xdkYaMumifh ]tnorm avmayg p} okwfjzifho®ð0dbwfudk acsí Oyokwdyk'f&if; &Sdonf? ]wawm ap Owå&d}uJhodkY0gpmodvd| ed*¾[dwfvmí Oyókwð[k vnf;&Sdonf/ ESpfygXf rSef/

apm'em&ef &nf&G,frS tmywfoifh

wpfyg;aom taMumif;aMumifh r[kwfbJ apm'emrnf[laom&nf&G,fcsufjzifh acsmif;em;axmiftHh[k oGm;aom &[ef;? ajcvSrf;wdkif;'kuú#f? rDatmifvdkufí em;axmif&m aemufcsef&pfí em;axmif&mwdkYü


'kuú#f? Mum;avmuf&m t&yfü &yfí em;axmiftHh ygpdwf/


&[ef;ü wduygpdwf? &[ef;r[kwfaom olü wdu'kuú#f? þ&[ef;-wdkYpum;ukd Mum;í a&SmifMuOftHh? Nidrf;apthH? rdrdudk,fudk vGwfaptHh[kESvHk;jyKí oGm;em;axmifaom &[ef;tm; tmywfroifh/

9/ ur®ywdAm[eodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

uHjyKzdkY&ef oabmwlqEay;NyD;aemuf xdkuHudk ½IwfcsjypfwifvQifxdkuHudk wm;jrpf&ma&mufí ]ur®ywdAm[eodu©myk'f}[k emrnfwyf-onf/ 0denf;w&m;awmfESifh tnD jyKtyfaom uHrsm;udk "r®duuH (=w&m;&Sdaom uH)[k ac:\/ xdkuHrsm;um; tyavmueuH paomuHav;yg;wdkYwnf;/ uHav;yg;t"dyÜm,fESifh o½kyfwdkYudk aemufü a&;cJhNyD;/

uHESpfrsKd;

or®Kcu&PD,uHç tor®Kcu&PD,uHtm;jzifh uHESpfrsKd; jym;ao;\? xdkwGif wrefjzifh &[ef;cHaom uHç oydwfarSmufuHç oydwfvSefuHçOr®wåuor®KwduHç aou©or®KwduHç jA[®'@uHç yumoed,uHç t0Ed-,uH þuH&Spfyg;um; rsufuG,fjyK&aom tor®Kcu&PD,uH rnf\/<uif;aom uHrsm;um; rsufarSmufom jyK&aom or®Kcu&PD,uHwdkYrnf\/

]rsufuG,fjyK}[lonf uHjyKcH&aomol rygbJ (0g) uHjyK&olwdkY ta0;-rSm &Sdaeaomfvnf; jyKEdkifaom uHrsm; jzpfMuonf/ þodu©myk'fü 0denf;w&m;awmfESifhtnD jyKtyfaom "r®duuHwdkYudk oabmwlaMumif; qE-ay;xm;NyD;í aemufrS uJh&JUaomaMumifh ygpdwftmywf oifhonf/


tmywfoifhyHkrsm;

t"r®uHü 'ku'kuú#f? "r®uHüvnf; a0rwdujzpftHh 'kuú#f? t"r®-uH[k rSwfxifaom &[ef;tm; tmywfroifh? t"r®uHjzifhvnf;aumif;ç0*fjzifhvnf;aumif; uHrxdkufaom &[ef;tm; uHjyKonfukd odí uJh&JU-aom&[ef; tmywfroifh? Or®wåuponfwdkYüvnf; tmywfroifh/

10/ qE´H t'wGm *re odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

oHaC-ü raZÑ [laom aemufyk'f ausaeonf? ]oHCmhtv,fü}[k teufay;&\/ 0dedpä,uxmü qdEd,aw {wm,mwd qa,m?ed[&dwGm qa,m edpäa,m? 0daoaoe edpäa,m 0dedpäa,m? txl;xkwfaqmifí qHk;jzwfaMumif; pum;&\/ uxD,wd {wm,mwduxm? ajymqdkaMumif; pum;&\/ 0dedpäa,m £wd uxm 0dedpä,-uxm? txl;xkwfaqmifí qHk;jzwfajymqkdaMumif; pum;udkyif &\/

0dedpä,uxm jzpfaeqJç jzpfwkef;[lonf

t"du½kPf; qHk;jzwfzkdY&ef oHCmpnf;a0;NyD;aemuf oHCmhtv,füapm'u[laom w&m;vdkESifh pk'd'u[laom w&m;cHESpfOD;wdkYu rdrdqdkvdk&mpum;udk ajymqdkMuaomtcg tEk0dZÆu[laom ar;ppfrnfh0denf;"dk&f (w&m;olBuD;)udk orkwfjcif;ç 0denf;"dk&f ppfaq;ar;jref;jcif;¤if;ESifh pyfaom ur®0gpmudk &Gwfzwf&m0,f ur®0gpm rNyD;qHk;ao;jcif;þtwGif;udk ]0dedpä,uxm, 0wårmem,} 0dedpä,pum; jzpfwkef;jzpfqJ[k qdkonf? 0dedpä,uxm NyD;NyD[k rac:&/

0dedpä,uxm jzpfwkef;rSmyif uHysufapvdkí qEray;bJ xdkif&mrSxoGm;jcif; xdkodkYxoGm;aom &[ef;tm; [w¬ygofrS vGefaomf ygpdwf-tmywfoifh\/ [w¬ygoftwGif; r&Sdí 0*fjzpfvQif uHysuf&onf/c@odrf jzpfí odrftjyifbuf a&mufatmif oGm;vQif tmywfroifh?


odrftwGif;ü [w¬ygof pGefYaerS tmywfoifhonf/ r[modrfrSmum;odrfjyifbufa&mufatmif oGm;EdkifzdkY cJ,Of;\/ qEay;NyD;rSvnf;aumif;½dk;½dk; taMumif;&Sdívnf;aumif; oGm;vQif tmywfroifh/

tmywfoifhyHkrsm;

"r®uHü ,HkrSm;aom&[ef; 'kuú#f? t"r®uHü 'ku'kuú#f? t"r®uH[krSwfí odí zJoGm;aom&[ef; tmywfroifh? xdkYjyif oHCmjiif;ckHjcif;ponf jzpfvwåHU? t"r®uHjzifh 0*¾jzifh uHjyKvwåHU? uHrxdkufoltm; uHjyK-vwåHU[k odí zJoGm;aom&[ef;? *dvmejzpfí usifBuD;ponf ESdyfpufízJoGm;aom &[ef;? uHrysufapvdkbJ wpfzefjyefvmthH[k zJoGm;aom&[ef;? Or®wåu&[ef; ponfwdkYtm; tmywfroifh/

t*Fg (6) yg;

1/ 0dedpä,uxm jzpfqJjzpfjcif;? 2/ "r®uHjzpfjcif;? 3/ "r®uH[krSwfxifjcif;? 4/ wpfodrfwnf;ü wnfjcif;? 5/ uHysufapvdkí [w¬ygof-udk pGefYjcif;? 6/ wlaom oH0go&Sdoljzpfjcif;? aygif; (6)yg;wnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) 0dedpä,uxm? jzpfqJomwnf;? uHrSm "r®? rSwfxifMurI? odrfwlüwnf? wlnD oH0go? orPjzpfay? uHysufapvwf? [w¬ygofpGefYjyef? þajcmufwef? qE´H t'wGmwnf;/

11/ 'kAÁvodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

þodu©myk'f\ 0w¬K&if;ü t&Sif'AÁrSm 'kAÁvpD0&-enf;yg;aomouFef;&SdaomaMumifh xdk'kAÁvukd,lí þodu©myk'fukd ]'kAÁvodu©myk'f}[kemrnfwyfonf/ or*¾oHCmESifhtwl (xdkor*¾oHCmwGif rdrdvnf;yg0ifí) ouFef;yg;&Sm;aom oHCmhudpöudkvnf; aqmif&Gufaeaom&[ef;tm; oabmwlouFef;ay;NyD;aemuf ½IwfcsuJh&JUvQif ygpdwf/


or*¾oHCmç 0*¾oHCm

or*¾oHCm-[lonf wlaom aygif;azmfjcif;&Sdaom wpfodrfwnf;ü wnfaom oHCmudk qdkonf/ 0*¾oHCm[lonf tpkuGJjym;aeaomwpfodrfwnf;üwnfaomfvnf; ESpfawmifhxGm [w¬ygofvGwfaeaomoHCmudk qkdonf/

,xmoE¦KwH y&dPmarEÅd

þ0gusjzifh uJh&JU½IwfcsyHkudk jyonf? or®m x0D,wd yoHoD,wdoE¦Kawm? aumif;pGm csD;rGrf;tyfaom rdwå oEd| orÇwå cspfuRrf;0if-aom twljrifzl; twlpm;zl;aom taqGcifyGef;udk &\/ a,m a,moE¦Kawm ,xmoE¦KxH? tMuif tMuif rdwåpaom rdwfaqGtrsKd;rsKd;udk&\/ ouFef;rSwpfyg; pGefYaumif; awmif;aumif;aom y&du©&mudkoabmwl ay;NyD;rS aemufü uJh&JUaom &[ef;tm; 'kuú#f/

ra0zefaumif;aom *½kbPfypönf;rsm;

oHCdujzpfaom tpktm;jzifh 5-rsKd;? tus,ftm;jzifh 25-rsKd;aom*½kbPfypönf;wdkYudk oHCmç *dkPf;ç yk*¾dKvfwdkYtm; t&if;jzwfaomtm;jzifhtNyD;tydkif rpGefYaumif;ç ray;aumif;ç ra0zefaumif;? pGefYrd? ay;rd?a0zefrdaomfvnf; oHCduom jzpfonf/ ay;pGefY a0zefí r&acs/vJrlum; vJaumif;onf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) tm&mrfç &mrf&m? ,if;ESpfjzm? rSwfyg yxr *½kbPf/ausmif;ESifh ausmif;&m? ,if;ESpfjzm? rSwfyg 'kwd, *½kbPf/anmifç tifç tHk;ç bHk? av;rsKd;pHk? rSwfukef wwd, ½kbPf?/aMu;rsKd; av;yg;? yJcGyfç "m;ç ayguf? ykqdefç aqmuf[k? þudk;ck?rSwf½I pwkw¬ *½kbPf/jrufoHk; ajrESpf? 0g;ç EG,fç opf? &Spfjzpf yÍör *½kbPf/


«aMu;rsKd; 4-yg; - aMu;tdk;BuD;? aMu;tdk;i,f? aMu;tifwGJ? aMu;zsOf;/jruf-oHk;? ajr-ESpf - jzLqHjruf? Nydwfjruf? oref;jruf? ajrjzL? ajreD?(opfb@m? ajrb@m)»

(rSwfcsuf) (rSwfcsuf) (rSwfcsuf) (rSwfcsuf) (rSwfcsuf) aumif;aom ausmif;wdkYudk apmifha&Smufjcif;tusKd;iSmraumif;aom ausmif;wdkYudk pGefYí oHk;aqmifjcif;wdkYum;tyfukef\/ ig;yg;aom *½kbPfwdkYwGif a&SUoHk;yg;um;*½kbPf rrnfonf r&Sd? aemufESpfyg;um; rrnfonfvnf; &Sd\/


"r®uHü wduygpdwf? ouFef;rSwpfyg; pGefYaumif; a0zefaumif;aomy&du©&mudk ay;NyD;rS uJh&JUaom &[ef; 'kuú#f? *½kbPfypönf;udkum;ray;aumif;? tpdk;w& ay;tHh xkv’pöOf;? ax,spdwfjzifh ay;tHh b@m-pm;xkduf\/ or®Kwdr&aom &[ef;tm; ouFef;udkvnf;aumif;ç wpfyg;aom y&du©&mudkvnf;aumif; ay;NyD;rS uJh&JUaom &[ef;tm; 'kuú#f?tEkyorÜEé 'kuú#f/

qE´m*wd vdkufpm;jcif;ponfudk jrifí xdk&[ef; tm;ay;ojzifhtb,ftusKd;&SdtHhenf;[k uJh&JUaom &[ef;? &aomfvnf; zsufqD;vwåHU?aumif;pGm roHk;aqmifvwåHU[k uJh&JUaom &[ef;? Or®wåu&[ef; tem-ywåd/

y&dPwodu©myk'f rSwfcsuf

þy&dPwodu©myk'fum; ok'ygpdwf? edó*¾dü jyqdkcJhaom y&dPm-re odu©myk'fum; oHCmhvmbfudk rdrdtm; ñGwfapjcif;aMumifh edó*¾dygpdwf? þodu©myk'fum; oHCmvmbfukd wpfyg;aom yk*¾dKvftm; ñGwf-apjcif;aMumifh ok'ygpdwf? þodkYom xl;\/ <uif;t"dyÜm,frsm; y&dPm-reodu©myk'fodkY jyefMunfhav/


(9) &we0*f odu©myk'f 10-yg; tusOf;

1/ rif;Zmwf&Sdaom OD;xdyfü bdodufa&pifjzifh oGef;avmif;tyfNyD;aom(0g) bdodufcHNyD;aom rif;\ rxGufvmao;aom? rif; rxGufvmao;aom rdzk&m;&wem&Sdaom pufawmfcef;aqmifü r0ifrD a&S;ürodapbJ wHcg;ckHudk ausmfvGefapjcif;aMumifh taEÅyk&ygpdwf/

2/ &wemESifh &wemtoHk;taqmifudk tm&mrftwGif;ESifh rdrd aexdkif&mXmetwGif; t&yfwdkYudk MuOfxm;í udk,fwdkifaumuf,l olwpfyg;-udk taumufcdkif;jcif;aMumifh &weygpdwf/

«Opöm&Sifonf aqmif,lvmvdrfhrnf[k &nf&G,fí &wemESifh &wemtoHk;aqmifwdkYudk tm&mrftwGif;ESifh rdrdaexdkif&m XmetwGif;t&yfwdkYüudk,fwdkifvnf;aumuf,lç olwpfyg;udkaomfvnf; aumuf,lcdkif;íodrf;xm;&m\/ þaumuf,lodrf;jcif;onf xdk&wem &weor®wudkawGU&mü usifh&maom 0wfwnf;/»

3/ taqmwvsif jzpfaom jyKzG,fudpöudk MuOfxm;íxif&Sm;&Sdaom&[ef;udk ryefajymbJ aevGJtcgü &GmwGif;odkY 0ifaomaMumifh0dumav *gryÜ0doeygpdwf/

4/ t½dk;jzifh jyKtyfaomç qifpG,fjzifh jyKtyfaomç OD;csKdjzifh jyKtyfaomtyfusnfawmufudk jyKvkyfjcif;aMumifh cGJjcif;a&S;&Sdaom olpdC&ygpdwf/

5/ topfjzpfaom anmifapmif;ç topfjzpfaom tifysOfudk jyKapvdkaom &[ef;onf atmufjzpfaomabmifudk MuOfxm;í bk&m;&Sif\vufopfawmfjzifh vuf&Spfopf tajc&Sdatmif jyKapEdkif\/ xdk vuf-&Spfopf tajcxufvGefaom yrmPudk jzwfjcif;a&S;&Sdaom rÍöyD|-aq'euygpdwf/

6/ anmifapmif;ç tif;ysOfudk ajr§;,Suftyfaom vJ&Sdonf (0g) vJyg


aom tcif;&Sdonfudk jyKapjcif;aMumifh vJudk xkwfjcif;a&S;&Sdaomwlavme'¨ O'¨gveuygpdwf/

7/ edoD'dkefudk jyKapvdkaom &[ef;onf bk&m;&SiftxGmawmfjzifh tvsm;2-xGm? teH 1-xGmcGJ? tqm 1-xGm xdkyrmPudk vGefapaom &[ef;tm; edoD'eaq'euygpdwf/

8/ temvTrf;ouFef;udk jyKapvdkaom &[ef;onf bk&m;&Sif\ vufoef;txGmawmfjzifh tvsm; 4-xGm? teH 2-xGm? xdkyrmPudk vGefapaom&[ef;tm; u@Ky#dpäm'daq'euygpdwf/

9/ rdk;a&cHouFef;udk jyKapvdkaom &[ef;onf bk&m;&Sif\ vufoef;txGmawmfjzifh tvsm; 6-xGm? teH 2-xGmcGJ? xdkyrmPudk vGefapaom &[ef;tm; 0óduom#duaq'euygpdwf/

10/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ ouFef;awmfyrmP&Sdaom xkdxufvGefaomouFef;ukd jyKapvdkaom &[ef;onf bk&m;&Sif\ vufoef;txGm-awmfjzifh tvsm; 9-xGm? teH 6-xGm yrmP jyKrnf? xdkyrmPxufvGefapaom &[ef;tm; eE´ax&aq'euygpdwf/

1/ taEÅyk&odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

eef;awmfwGif;ESifh pyfí ynwftyfaomaMumifh taEÅyk&odu©myk'f-[k emrnfwyfonf/ cwåd,Zmwf&Sdí bdodufcHNyD; rif;ESifhrdzk&m;&wemwdkYpufawmfcef;aqmifrS rxGufao;rD &[ef;u rdrd 0ifa&mufvmrnfh-taMumif; rodapbJ (wpfa,mufa,mufudk oHawmfOD; twifrcdkif;bJ)½kwfw&uf 0ifoGm;vQif rif;ESifh rdzk&m;wdkY aysmfyg;cdkufMuHKaeu rsufESm-ysufp&mjzpfaomaMumifh wHcg;cHk ausmfvGef0ifa&mufaom &[ef;rSmygpdwftmywf oifh\/


eef;awmf0ifjypf (10) yg;

1/ rdzk&m;ujzpfapç &[ef;ujzpfap jyHK;rdaomf txifvGJcH&wwfjcif;/2/ rdzk&m;i,f udk,f0efwnfaomf txifvGJcH&wwfjcif;/3/ &wemwpfyg;yg; aysmufaomf txifvGJcH&wwfjcif;/4/ vQdKU0Suftyfaom owif;pum; tjyifbufa&mufoGm;aomf

txifvGJcH&wwfjcif;/5/ om;u tbudkç tbu om;udk owf&ef vkyfMuHaomf txifvGJ

cH&wwfjcif;/6/ XmeEÅ& &mxl;edrfholudk jr§ifhay;aomf txifvGJcH&wwfjcif;/7/ &mxl;jrifhwufoludk ESdrfhcsaomf txifvGJcH&wwfjcif;/8/ tcgr[kwfonfü ppfxGufcdkif;aomf txifvGJcH&wwfjcif;/9/ ppfxGuftoGm; c&D;tMum;rS jyefac:aomf txifvGJcH&wwfjcif;/

10/ qifjrif;ponfwdkYjzifh usOf;ajrmif;jcif;? ESpfoufzG,f tqif;toHponfrsm;jym;jcif;/þum; eef;awmf0if tjypf 10-yg;wnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) jyHK;ç udk,f0efç aysmuf? owif;a&mufç vkyfMuH? XmeH edrfhwuf?ppfxGuf jyefac:? udk;abmfwifcH? usOf;ajrmif;jyef? q,fwef-eef;awmfjypf/


tyÜ#doH0d'dw-ü wduygpdwf? 'ku'kuú#f? yefMum;\[k trSwf&Sdaom &[ef;? rif;rsKd; r[kwfol tbdodufrif;wdkY\ tdyf&mwdkufcef;-wGif;odkY 0ifaom&[ef;? rif;ç rdzk&m; ESpfa,mufpvHk; (odkYr[kwf)wpfa,mufa,muf xGufNyD;aom tdyf&mwkdufcef;ukd 0ifaom&[ef;?tdyf&mwkdufcef; r[kwfonfukd 0ifaom&[ef;? Or®wåu&[ef; ponfwdkYü tmywfroifh/


2/ &weodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

a&T aiG ykvJpaom &wemq,fyg;udk &weü oGif;,lí &wemtwkrsm;ESihf 0wfpm;wefqmpaom vlwdkYtoHk;taqmif (apmif tdyf-,mvdyf ponf)udk &weor®wü oGif;,l&rnf/

xdk&weç &weor®w toHk;taqmifrsm;udk ausmif;wdkuftwGif;rdrdae&mXme (taqmif)twGif;rSwpfyg; tjcm;jyifyt&yfü vlwdkYarhae&pfç usae&pfcJhaomf aumuf,lí odrf;rxm;&/ aumuf,lodrf;-xm;vQif þodu©myk'ft& ygpdwf/

tm&mrftwGif; rdrdaexkdif&mXme (taqmif)twGif; jzpfrlum;udk,fwdkifjzpfapç olwpfyg;udk ckdif;íjzpfap aumuf,lodrf;xm;ay;&ef0wå&m;&Sd\/ xdk0wå&m;ysufvQifum; 0wåab' (0wå&m;ysufuGufrIaMumifh) 'kuú#ftmywfoifhao;onf/

&wem (10) yg;

ywåjrm;eDç ywåjrm;ajymufç jrç ykvJç c½koif;ç ausmufpvif;çaMumifrsuf&GJç oEÅmç a&Tç aiG - aygif; (10)yg;wnf;/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) eD ajymuf jr vJ? vif; ½k &GJ a&T? oEÅm aiG? q,faxG &wem/ (ar'deD?422/)

tZÑm&mr

tm&mrH t"dudpöy0wåwDwd tZÑm&mrH? tm&mrfudk pGJíjzpfaomtm&mrftwGif;udk &\/ tum&Sdrl tumtxd tumr&Sdrl tpGefqHk;ausmif;rS cJESpfustxdt&yfudk tm&mr[k ac:\/ xkdtm&mrftwGif;&Sdausmif;aqmifrsm;ESifh ausmif;y&d0kPfrsm;udk tZÑm&mr[k ac:\/


tZÑm0ox

tm0oxH t"dudpö y0wåwDwd tZÑm0oxH? &GmwGif;ausmif;udkpGJíjzpfaom &GmwGif; ausmif;twGif;udk &\/ rdrdae&m t&yfwnf;/xdk rdrdae&mt&yf[lonf tm&mrftwGif;rSmjzpfapç tjcm;t&yf (&GmxJawmxJ)rSmjzpfapç acwåjzpfapç tjrJjzpfap rdrdaecdkuf tdrfçausmif;Z&yfrsm;wnf;/ xdk rdrdae&mXmeu tumt&H&SdvQif twGif;udkç r&SdvQifusnfayGUwpfustwGif;udk tZÑm0ox[k ac:onf/

aumufodrf;xm;&mü &nf&G,fcsuf

vlwdkY usae&pf arh&pf&müom ]]Opöm&SifwdkY vm,lvdrfhrnf}}[k &nf-&G,fcsufjzifh odrf;xm;cGifh &Sdonf/ vlwdkYu odrf;xm;ay;yg[k ckdif;xm;íjzpfapç udk,fwdkif b@mpdk;vkyfíjzpfap odrf;xm;vQif ygpdwf? b@m-pdk;[l&müvnf; 0dómo*¾g[pdwf yhHokultrSwf ax,spdwfrsm; rjzpf-aprlí b@mpdk;oabmrsKd;jzifh odrf;xm;jcif;udkqkdonf/

tmywftqHk;tjzwfrsm;

a&T aiG ESpfyg;udk rdrdtusKd;iSmodrf;xm;thH edó*¾dygpdwf? oHCmç*dkPf;ç yk*¾dKvfç apwDç e0ur®tusKd;iSm odrf;xm;tHh 'kuú#f? <uif;&wem&Spfyg;udk tvHk;pHkwdkY\tusKd;iSm odrf;xm;tHh 'kuú#f? tuyÜd, a&Tç aiGpaom 0w¬Kudkjzpfapç uyÜd,t0wfç apmif ponfudkjzpfap t,kwfqHk;rdcif\ Opömudkaomfvnf; b@mpdk;oabmrsKd;jzifh odrf;xm;aom&[ef;ygpdwf? rdbwdkY\ tyfpyfaom ypönf;0w¬Kudkum; rdrdOpömjyKí odrf;xm;-aumif;\/ þ0w¬Kudk odrf;xm;ay;yg[k cdkif;thH rodrf;xm;aumif;[ky,f&rnf/ pdwfqdk;NyD; csxm;oGm;tHh? odrf;xm;aumif;onf? vHkjcHK&mae&mt&yfudkvnf; ñTefjyaumif;onf[k od/


(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) a&TçaiG ESpfyg;? odrf;qnf;xm;? rSwfom; edó*¾d/oHCç *P? yk*¾ç e0? apwd,? odrf;u 'kuú#fod/t<uif;&Spfck? odrf;xm;rI? rSwf&I 'kuú#fod/b@mpdk;jyK? odrf;xm;rI? rSwf&I ygpdwfod/

tmywftqifhqifhoifhyHk

cGifhjyKtyfaom t&yfü r½kdaoojzifh aumuf,lrxm;aom &[ef;-tm; 'kuú#f? cGifhjyKtyfaom t&yfü aumuf,lodrf;xm;aom&[ef;tmywfroifh? oHk;oyfaumif;aom &weor®udk tuRrf;0ifívnf;-aumif;? wm0umvduvnf;aumif;? yHhokultrSwfjzifhvnf; aumuf,l-aom&[ef; tmywfroifh? oDwif;oHk;azmf ig;OD;wkdY Opömjzpfrl tmywfroifh/

3/ 0dumav *grya0oeodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

tpöm,du u&PD,-t& taqmwvsif (½kwfw&uf) jzpfay:vmaom udpö[lonf ckd;olab;ç rD;ab;paom ab;&eftEÅ&m,f jzpfay:-vmjcif;wnf;/ xdkuJhodkY tEÅ&m,f r&SdvQif xif&Sm;&Sdaom &[ef;udkrwdkifMum;bJ rGef;wnfhNyD;aemuf aevGJaomtcg &GmwGif;okdkY0ifvQifygpdwf? tEÅ&m,f&SdvQifum; 0ifaumif;\/

yefajymyHk

xif&Sm;&Sdaom &[ef;xH ]]t[H baEÅ (tm0kaom) 0dumav*gryÜ0doeH tmykpämrd}}[k ygVdvdk jzpfap? ]]t&Sifbk&m; wynfhawmfonfaevGJaomtcg &GmwGif;0ifjcif;udk yefajymyg\}}[k jrefrmvkd jzpfap?]]&GmwGif; 0ifrvkdYyg? &GmwGif; (NrdKUwGif;) oGm;yg&ap}} ponfjzifh yefajymwdkifMum; avQmufxm;í oGm;&rnf/

&[ef;ESpfyg; NrdKUwGif; &GmwGif;odkY twl0ifvkd&mü tcsif;csif; tjyef-


tvSef yefajymEdkif\/ trsm;&[ef;rsm; 0if&müvnf; eD;&m&[ef;tm;yefajymEdkifonf/ NrdKU&GmwGif;&Sd ausmif;wdkufrsm;odkY oGm;vkd&müum; yef-ajymzG,f rvdk½kHomru cg;yef;BudK;rzGJUç ouFef;r½HkbJyif oGm;Edkifonf[kqdkMu\/ odkY&mwGif &GmwGif;u jzwfoGm;&rnfqkdvQif ouFef;½kHç cg;yef;zGJU-í oGm;jcif;u ykdí MunfndKzG,ftoGifukd aqmifrnfjzpfygonf/

xdk&Gmü udpörNyD;rlí &Gmwpfyg;odkY xyfoGm;OD;tHh [laom vkHYvjzifhoGm;aomf wpfzef yefMum;zG,f udpör&Sd? vHkYvNidrf;NyD;rS wpfzefoGm;zdkY-taMumif;ay:rl xyfrH yefMum;tyf\/ &GmodkY0ifjcif; vHkYvOóm[Nidrf;NyD;í ausmif;odkY jyefoGm;ukefaom &[ef;wdkYonf vrf;c&D;tMum;ü&GmwpfckodkY 0ifvkdaom taMumif;ay:í 0ifvkdukeftHh? yefMum;&OD;rnf/

tdrfüjzpfapç qGrf;pm;Z&yfü jzpfapç qGrf;pm;NyD;í qDtvdkYiSm jzpf-apç axmywftvdkYiSmjzpfap &GmwGif;odkY 0ifvkdaom &[ef;onf teD;ü&[ef;&SdtHh yefMum;&rnf/ &[ef;r&SdtHh r&Sd[k tmabm* (ESvkH;oGif;)xm;NyD; oGm;aumif;onf/ vrf;rodkY a&mufrS &[ef;udk jrifaomfvnf;yefMum;&ef rvdk/ &Gmvrf;c&D;jzifh oGm;aom &[ef;onf qDponftvdkYiSmtdrfodkY oGm;vdkaompdwf jzpftHh/ teD;&Sd&[ef;udk yefMum;oGm;&rnf/vrf;twdkif; oGm;thH yefMum;&ef rvkd[k rSwf/

tmywfoifhyHkrsm;

0dumvü wduygpdwf? umvü 'ku'kuú#f? umvü umv[ktrSwf&Sdaom &[ef;tm; tmywfroifh/ taqmwvsifudpöaMumifhoGm;aom&[ef;ç xif&Sm;&Sdaom &[ef;udk yefMum;&ef &[ef;r&Sd[k ryef-Mum;bJ &GmwGif;odkY 0ifaom&[ef;? &GmwGif;ausmif; bdu©KeDrausmif;wdw¬dausmif; qGrf;pm;Z&yfodkY oGm;aom&[ef;? &Gmv,fc&D;jzifh oGm;aom&[ef;? ab;&efwdkYaMumifh 0ifaom&[ef;? Or®wåuponfwdkYtm; tmywfroifh/


4/ olpdC&odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

a'oemrMum;rD tyfusnfukd cGJypf&rnfjzpfaomaMumifh cGJjcif;-a&S;&Sdaom ygpdwftmywf[k qkd\/ EGm;½kd;ç uRJ½kd;paom t½kd;trsKd;rsKd;qifpG,f om;csKdwpfckckjzifh tyfusnfjyKvkyftHh jyKvkyfckdif;tHh 'kuú#f?NyD;aomf NyD;í &aomf ab'euygpdwf [l\/

pwkuúygpdwfjzpfykH

1/ rdrdjyKí rNyD;ao;aom tyfusnfukd ukd,fwkdifjyKí NyD;apaom &[ef;ygpdwf/

2/ rdrd jyKí rNyD;ao;aom tyfusnfukd olwpfyg;ukd qufvufNyD;apí&aom&[ef; ygpdwf/

3/ olwpfyg;jyKí rNyD;ao;aom tyfusnfukd ukd,fwkdifNyD;apí &aom&[ef; ygpdwf/

4/ olwpfyg;jyKí rNyD;ao;aom tyfusnfukd olwpfyg;ukd qufvuf-NyD;apí &aom&[ef;tm; ygpdwf?

þokdY av;csufcGJí pwkuúygpdwf[k rSwfyg/ edó*¾dygpdwfvmtcif;wkdYüvnf; xkdYtwl pwkuúygpdwfav;csuf cGJEkdifonfukd rSwfygav/

olwpfyg;tusKd;iSm ukd,fwkdifjyKjcif;ç olwpfyg;ukd jyKapjcif;wkdY-aMumifh 'kuú#f? tem;ywfoD;ç yGwfESdyfav;ç cg;yef;oD;ç rsufpOf;usnfçrsufpOf;wHç yJcGyf½kd;ç a&okwfwkdYukd jyKaom&[ef;tm; tmywfroifh/

5/ rÍöyDXodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

rÍöç yDXwkdYukd ukd,fwkdifjzpfapç ckdif;íjzpfap topfjyKapvkdvQifbk&m;&Sif\ vufopfawmfjzifh &Spfvufopf (vufrtm;jzifh ukd;vufr?vlwkdYtxGmtm;jzifh wpfxGmcefY&SdaMumif; uk#dum&odu©myk'fponfüqkdcJhNyD?) tvGefqkH; tajc &Sdap&rnf/ xkdxuf&SnfvQifum; aq'eu


ygpdwf? ajcaxmuf\ ykdaom yrmPukd jzwfNyD;rS tmywfukd a'oemajym&rnf/

tajcukd wkdif;wm&müum; ]abmif}[k ac:aom taygifxJ 0ifae-aom tajcukd wkdif;&ef rvkd? taygifrS xGufvmaom tajcukdomwkdif;&rnf/ olwpfyg;xHrS tajc&Snf anmifapmif;ukd &vQif jzwfí(okdYr[kwf) tykdukd ajrwGif jr§Kyfí okH;pGJ&rnf/

6/ wlavme'¨odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

anmifapmif; ukwifukdjzpfapç tif;ysOf xkdifckHukdjzpfap tay:üvJtqmoGwfaom tcif;&Sdaom tcif;&Sdatmif ukd,fwkdifjyKjyKç olwpf-yg;ukd ckdif;í &&? vJtqmudk xkwfNyD;aemuf a'oemajym&aom O'gve-uygpdwf? qkdvkd&if;rSm anmifapmif; tifysOfay:ü vJtqm oGwfxm;-aom zkHarGU&mrsm;ukd rcif;&[k rdefYawmfrlvkdonf/

vJ (3) rsKd;

1/ vufyHyifpaom opfyifrS jzpfaom opfyifvJ?

2/ EG,fyifrS jzpfaom EG,fvJ?

3/ &SifarG;vGef;paom jrufrsKd;rS jzpfaom jrufvJ?

þokdY ½ku©wlvç vwmwlvç ayg#uDwlv[k wlv (= vJ )okH;rsKd;&Sd\/ 0g*Grf;rIdUrsm;vnf; ½ku©wlvü oGif;,l&rnf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) ½ku© vwm? ayg#um? wlvm okH;rsKd;&Sd/opfyifçjrufçEG,f? vJ okH;oG,f? rSwfzG,f usef;*ef&Sd/

vJç rIdUoGwfxm;aom tcif;rsm;ukd *dvme r[kwfvQif rtdyf rxkdif-aumif;? temaygufjcif;paom rusef;rmrIaMumifh ½kd;½kd;tcif;ay:ürxkdifEkdif rtdyfEkdifaom *dvmewkdYum; xkdvJrIdUtcif;rsm;ESifh acgif;tkH;rsm;-ukd cif;í tdyfaumif;\/


0denf;"dk&fyk*¾dKvfrsm;um; acgif;tkH;rsm;ukd vufaxmufjcif; &ifbwf-atmufüxm;jcif;ç cg;atmufüxm;jcif;rsm;ukdvnf; a&SmifMuOfMu\/usrf;*efwkdYü *dvmer[kwfvQif acgif;tkH; ajctkH; ESpfrsKd;tyfaMumif;ukdrdefYqkdavonf/ ,ckumv 0g*Grf;rsm;ukd twGif;oGif;í csKyfxm;aomapmifrsm;ukd udk,fatmufrSm xm;í cif;í rtdyfaumif;/ tcsKdUum;rSDtkH;ukd tokH;jyKvsuf &SdMu\/ rSDtkH;um; rtyfonfom[k rSwf/

tmywfroifhykH

tma,m*ywf cg;yef;ç tHoukd#fç oydwftdwfç a&ppfç acgif;tkH;wkdYüvJxnfhaomf tmywfroifh? olwpfyg;jyKxm;aom vJzGJU,Sufaomanmifapmif;ç tif;ysOfukd &aomf vJukd xkwfí okH;aqmifaom &[ef;tmywfroifh? Or®wåuponfwkdYvnf; tmywfroifh [l\/

7/ edoD'eodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

edoD'kdefukd ukd,fwkdifjzpfapç ckdif;íjzpfap csKyfvkdaom &[ef;onfbk&m;&Sif\ txGmawmfjzifh tvsm; ESpfxGm? teH wpfxGmcGJ? tNrdwfac:-aom tqm wpfxGm þtwkdif;t&Snf&Sdaom (i,fomvQif i,fap?onfhxuf rykd&aom) edoD'kdefukdom csKyfEkdifonf/ xkdxuf vGefvQifjzwfypf&jcif;&Sdaom aq'euygpdwf/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) bk&m;&Sif 1-xGmukd 13-vufrcGJ &SdaMumif; jyqkdcJhNyD; jzpfonf/ tqm 1-xGmESifhqkdvQif vufr 40-cefY&Sd\? xkdifEkdifavmuf½kH &Sdonf? ]&Sifapm wpfxGm rZf okH;xGm wkdYrSmav;xGmcGJ}ESifh wGufvQif edoD'kdefum; tawmfBuD;rm;aernfjzpfonf/ pOf;pm; EdIif;csdefawmfrlMuygukef/

edoD'kdefynwfawmfrljcif;

pD0&u©E¨u yPDwabmZe0w¬Kü &[ef;rsm;onf rGefjrwfaom


tpmtm[m&wkdYukd pm;MuNyD;aemuf w&m;vufvGwf tdyfaysmfMuonfh-tcg tdyfruf rufí okufvGwfMuojzifh ouFef;ç ausmif;çtdyf&mae&m?cEmukd,frsm; aya&aejcif;aMumifh ouFef;ukd apmifha&Smufjcif; pD0&*kwåd?ausmif;tdyf&mae&mrsm;ukd apmifha&Smufjcif; aoemoe*kwåd? cE¨m-ukd,fukd apmifha&Smufjcif; um,*kwådtusKd;iSm ynwfawmfrlonf/xkdYaMumifh edoD'kdefukd okufESD;ouFef;[kvnf; ac:Muonf/

edoD'kdef tokH;jyKykH

edoD'kdefukd ,ckumv ae&mxkdifcif;rsm;uJhokdY cif;ívnf; tokH;jyK-Muonf/ qGrf;pm;onfhtcg wpfykdif;ukdcif; (2-xGm)? tNrdwftqm (3-rTm)ukd wifyv’ifacGay:ü wifum qGrf;[if;pufrsm;ukd umuG,fjcif;tusKd;iSmvnf; tokH;jyKMuonf/ oif;ykdiftwGif;u cHí 0wfzkdY&efvnf;jzpfonf/ a&SUbufu cH0wfvQif tv,fu tqm tjywftpukd aemufokdY cg;awmif;usKdufovkd? aemufbufu cH0wfvQif ¤if;tv,fpukdaygifMum;rS a&SUodkY,lí BudK;i,fjzifhç wG,ftyfjzifh csnfxm;&onf/

tmywfroifhykHrsm;

'om 0d'w¬dum; tEkynwf? yrmPESifh ,SOfaom edoD'kdefç yrmP-atmuf ,kwfavsmhaom edoD'kdefukd jyKaom&[ef;tm; tmywfroifh?olwpfyg; yrmPxuf vGefatmif jyKxm;onfukd&aomf jzwfí okH;-aqmifaom &[ef; tmywfroifh? rsufESmMuufponf jyKaom&[ef;tmywfroifh? ukd,fwkdifjyKvQif jyKNyD;onf\ tqkH;ü tmywfoifhíolwpfyg;ukd ckdif;&mü ckdif;tyfolxHrS &onfhtcg tmywfoifhonf/

8/ u@Ky#dpäm'dodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

]u@K} o'´gonf ,m;emukdom a[maomfvnf; þodu©myk'fü,m;emudk Oyvu©Penf; (tpdwfukd rSwfí qkdaomenf;)jzifh qkdxm;-


onf/ xkdYaMumifh u@Ko'´gjzifh ,m;emç 0Jemç aoG;pkemç t&nfxGufaom b*E´Kdvfemç qD;csKda&m*gç 'lvmç jrif;o½kdufemESifh BuD;us,faomt&nfxGufaom tem[lorQudk ,lapvkdonf/

xdktemrsm;onf csufrSatmuf 'l;qpfrStxufü aygufvQifoif;ydkifudk ayrnfpdk;aomaMumifh xdktemudk zHk;vTrf;umuG,fzdkY&m tem-vTrf;ac: ouFef;wpfrsKd;udk cGifhjyKawmfrl&onf/ (u@K = temudk?y#dpäm'd = zHk;vTrf;onf?)

9/ 0óduom#duodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

0aó = rdk;tcgü? t"d|mwAÁm = t"d|mefwifxdkufaom ouFef;-onf 0ódum rnf\/ om#duo'´gum; 0w¬o'´g\ y&d,m,fwnf;/rdk;tcg0,f 0óduom#dum[laom emrnfjzifh t"d|mefwifí tjcm;-tcg0,f 0duyÜemjyKíjzpfapç y&du©m&apmVt"d|mefwifíjzpfapçaqmiftyfaom ouFef;udk ]0óduom#dum}[k ac:onf/

rdk;tcgüom t"d|mefwifí a&oEkyfuJhodkY tokH;jyK&aom rdk;a&udkcHMu& csKd;Mu&aomaMumifh rdk;a&cHouFef;[k ac:onf/ ouFef;[kqdkaomfvnf; qdk;&nfjzifh yuwdouFef;a&mif xGufatmifqdk;rS r[kwfqifpG,fa&mifuJhodkY cyf0g0gta&mifxGuf½kHrQ wpfBudrfavmufqdk;vQifyif0wfaumif;NyD [l\/

10/ eE´aw¬&odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f

nDawmfeE´ax&fudk taMumif;jyKí ynwftyfaomaMumifh eE´-aw¬&odu©myk'f[k ac:onf/ bk&m;&Sif\ ouFef;yrmPESifh nDrQaomodkYr[kwf xdkYxufyif &Snfaom ouFef;udk udk,fwdkifjzpfapç cdkif;ícsKyf&m0,f &onfjzpfap xdkouFef;\ tydkyrmPudk jzwf&jcif;&dSaomygpdwftmywf oifh\/


bk&m;&Sif\ ouFef;awmf

bk&m;&Sif\ ouFef;awmfum; bk&m;txGmawmfjzifh tvsm; 9-xGm teH 6-xGm &dS\/ ouFef;[l&müvnf; oif;ydkifudk qdkvdkonf r[kwf?{uoDESifh ouFef;BuD;udkom þü qdkvdkonf/ (oif;ydkifyrmPrSm xdkrQ-avmufyif r&Snf&m/)

,ckumvyk*¾dKvfrsm;vnf; rdrdtxGmjzifh tvsm; 4-awmifxGm?teH 3-awmif &dSaom {uoDouFef;BuD;udkom 0wf½kHxdkufonf/ xdkrQ-avmuf ouFef;jzifh y&dr@vç okyÜ#dpäEéjzpfatmif 0wfEdkifonf[kaocd,ü qdkcJhonf/ bk&m;&Sif 1-xGmukd 13-vufrcGJEIef;xm;jzifhpD0&tcef;ü wGufjyxm;onf? xkdtcef;ü MunfhawmfrlMuygukef/

ok'¨ygpdwf NyD;\/

²²²


aocd,\ t"dyÜm,faocd,odu©myk'frsm;onf rdefYawmfrlonfhtwkdif; em;vnfatmif

oifxkduf? odvQifvnf; usifhxkduf? usifhrdatmifvnf; owdxm;íBudK;pm;xkdufaomaMumifh odu©m = oifjcif;ç usifhjcif;ç tm;xkwfjcif;ukd/u&PD,m = jyKtyf jyKxkduf\[k a[mawmfrlonf/ ]odu©dwAÁmwdaocd,m}[k 0dN*d K[fjyK/

]pwåma&m yg&mZdum "r®m}ponfuJhokdY yÍöowåwd aocd,m "r®m[k ocFsmowfrSwf ra[mMum;jcif;rSm plV0g 0wåcE¨u ygVdawmf0,ftm*EÅKu0wfç tm0godu0wf ponfjzifh usifh0wfrsm;pGm &Sdao;\/xkdusifh0wfrsm;vnf; aocd,rsm;yif jzpfaomaMumifh þa'Grmwdumüjyxm;aom aocd,rsm;jzifh rukefao;&um; yÍöowåwd (75)yg;[kykdif;jcm;uefYowf *Pef;rjzwfbJ &Sd&avonf/

'kuú#ftmywf[k owfrSwf

odu©myk'fukd vGefusL;&mü rnfonfh tmywfoifhap[k odu©myk'f-vm ygVdawmfjzifh rodtyfaomfvnf; xkdodu©myk'fukd tus,fa0zef-awmfrl&m y'bmZeDü ]tmywåd 'kuú#ó}[k a[mawmfrljcif;aMumifhtvkH;pkHaom aocd,odu©myk'fwkdYü r½kdrao jyKusifhaomf 'kuú#ftm-ywfoifhaMumif; odEkdif\/

þokdY 'kuú#ftmywf oifhvQif tb,faMumifh ]]a,m ye bdu©KMovrÁaEÅm ed0gao,s 'kuú#H}}[k tmywf trnfwyfí ra[mtyf-


ygoenf;[lrl þaocd,odu©myk'frsm;\ pm&dwå0denf; jzpfjcif;ukdjyawmfrlvkdaomaMumifh 'kuú#ftmywf trnfwyfí ynwfawmfrrlyg/

rusifhaomf tjypf? usifhaomf tusKd;rusifhaomf tjypf? usifhaomf tusKd;rusifhaomf tjypf? usifhaomf tusKd;rusifhaomf tjypf? usifhaomf tusKd;rusifhaomf tjypf? usifhaomf tusKd;

pm&dwå0denf;-[lonf usifh&rnfhusifh0wfukd ac:onf/ xkdusifh0wf-ukd rodíjzpfap owdarhíjzpfap vGefusL;vkdaom apwemr&SdíjzpfaprusifhrdvQif tjypfr&Sd? odvsufESifh r½kdraojyKNyD; rusifhaomfum; 'kuú#f-tmywf oifhonf/ odí usifhvQifum; ukokdvfjzpfjcif; tusKd;&\/

]'kuú#ftmywf}[k ynwfawmfrrl&jcif;]'kuú#ftmywf}[k ynwfawmfrrl&jcif;]'kuú#ftmywf}[k ynwfawmfrrl&jcif;]'kuú#ftmywf}[k ynwfawmfrrl&jcif;]'kuú#ftmywf}[k ynwfawmfrrl&jcif;

'kuú#ftmywf[k twdtvif; wyfxm;vQif rodí rusifholygtmywfoifhzG,f&m &Sdaom 0g&dwåodu©myk'frsm; jzpf&m\/ þuJhokdY 0g&dwår[kwf? pm&dwå0denf;jzpfaMumif; jyawmfrlvkdaomaMumifh ]'kuú#H}[ktmywfwyfí ynwfawmfrrljcif; jzpfonf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) pm&dwå 0de,? jzpfaMumif;jyzkdY? a&S;u azmfxkwf? odu©myk'frsm;?uJhtvm;okdY? xif&Sm; tmywf? wkduf½kdufwyf? ynwfawmfrrl/

1/ y&dr@v0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f

(1+2) y&dr@v odu©my'

oif;ykdifukd ykqpf'l;ESpfbufatmuf vuf&SpfopfrQ csNyD;vsuf csuf-0ef;ç nmbufykqpf'l;0ef;ç b,fbufykqpf 'l;0ef;[laom t0ef;okH;yg;?xuf0ef;usif 0ef;0kdif;pGm 0wftHh[k usifh&rnf/ xkdokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifhy&dr@ved0goe'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/

ukd,f½kHukd ykqpf 'l;ESpfbufatmuf vufav;opfrQ csvsuf t0ef;-okH;yg; xuf0ef;usif 0ef;0kdif;pGm ½kH&ef;tHh[k usifh&rnf/ xkdokdY rusifhjcif;-aMumifh y&dr@vyg½kye'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/


(3+4) okoH0kw odu©my'

tem;ywfoD;ukd wyfNyD;rS tvsm;em;ywfjzifh vnfyif;ç vuf-aumuf0wfwkdYukd aumif;pGm zkH;vTrf;½kHvsuf &GmwGif;ü oGm;tHh? aexkdiftHh[k usifh&rnf/ xkdokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifh okyÜ#dpäEé'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/

(5+6) okoH0kw odu©my'

vuf ajcwkdYukd rupm;bJ aumif;pGm £a`EwkdYukd aumif;pGm apmifh-a&Smufvsuf &GmwGif;ü oGm;tHh? aexkdiftHh[k usifh&rnf/ þokdY rusifhjcif;-aMumifh okoH0kw'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/

(7+8) Mou©dwåpu©K odu©my'

av;awmifcefYrQ ajrtzkdYukd Munfhojzifh cstyfaom rsufvTm&Sdonfjzpfí &GmwGif;ü oGm;tHh? aexkdiftHh[k usifh&rnf/ þokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifhMou©dwåpu©K'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/

(9+10) Ou©dwåu odu©my'

wpfbufrS jzpfap? ESpfbufvkH;rSjzpfap cg;rS txuf cg;yef;BudK;ponfukd jrif&atmif ouFef;ukd yifhajr§mufvsuf &GmwGif;ü roGm;tHh?raexkdiftHh[k usifh&rnf/ þokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifh e Ou©dwåum,'kuú#f/

y&dr@ved0goe odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

vlwkdY\ 0wf½kHenf;[lonf -

1/ vlwkdY ykqkd;0wfovkd oif;ykdifukd 0wfjcif;?

2/ qifESmarmif;uJhokdY a&S;u tpcsí 0wfjcif;?

3/ ig;Muif;NrD;uJhokdY tpcGJcsí 0wfjcif;?

4/ &yf0ef;uJhokdY tp0kdif;csí 0wfjcif;?

5/ rsm;pGm twGefYjyKí 0wfjcif;?


6/ cg;awmif;usdKufí 0wfjcif;wkdYonf *d[dyg½kw (vlwkdY0wf½kHenf;)rnf\/

þ0wfjcif;wkdYum; c&D;oGm;aom &[ef;ç emaom &[ef;wkdYtm;-aomfvnf; rtyf? c&D;oGm;aom &[ef;u tpGef;wpfckukdjzpfapç ESpfckukdjzpfap csDajr§mufí oif;ykdif\ txufü csdwfqGJxm;tHh rtyf/ twGif;üoif;ykdifwpfxnfudk qkdcJhNyD;aom enf;rsm;twkdif; twGif;cH 0wfítay:ü oif;ykdifwpfxnf xyf0wfaomfvnf; rtyf? remaom &[ef;oif;ykdifESpfxnf 0wfvkdaomf ½kd;½kd;xyfíom 0wftyf\[k od/

ouFef;ESifhqkdifaom A[kókw

,ckumv csKyfvkyfMuaom ouFef;rsm; &Snfvsm;[ef wlaMumif;ouFef;tcef;ü jyqkdcJhNyD/ pD0&u©E¨uüvnf; vnfyif;ç ajcovkH;wkdYütxdtckdufrsm;í ouFef;tem; pkwfvG,faomaMumifh *Da0,su (=vnfyif;zkH; tem;ywf)? ZaCF,su (= ajcovkH;zkH; tem;ywf)wkdYukdcGifhjyKawmfrlxm;\/ okdYjzpfvQif ouFef;&ef;onfhtcg txufykdif; tqkH;-onf vnfyif; vkH½kHomjzpfí atmufykdif;tqkH;onf ajcovkH;<uufom;vkH½kHom &Sdayvdrfhrnf/ okdYjzpfvQif jrwfpGmbk&m; ouFef;awmfyrmPjyxm;aom eE´odu©myk'fü tvsm; (9)xGm? teH (6)xGm[k qkdxm;&mrdrdwkdYouFef;vnf; rdrdwkdYtxGmjzifh tvsm; (9)xGm? teH (6)xGm? t&Snftvsm; (4)awmifxGm? teH (3)awmif&Sdaom ouFef;onf y&dr@vjzpfatmif ½kHEkdif &ef;Ekdifavmuf\/ xkdtwkdif;txGmtwkdif; 0wfoifhonf[k xifjrif,lqygonf/ ,ckacwf ouFef;rsm;rSm tvsm; (5)awmifxGm?teH (4)awmifxGmcefYrQ &SdaeMuonf/

t0ef;nDpGm 0wf&mXmersm;

þy&dr@vodu©myk'f ESpfyg;ukd ausmif;wkduftwGif;ü vnf;-aumif;ç &GmwGif;üvnf;aumif; usifh&rnf[k t|uxm qkd\/ bk&m;-


0wfwuf&mç oHCmhtpnf;ta0; <u&mç oHCmtrsm;ESifh qufqH&mçqGrf;pm;ausmif; 'um 'umrwkdYa&SU ponfESifh q&morm; rax&fBuD;-rsm;a&SU ponfjzifh ausmif;wkduftwGif;üvnf; usifhtyfaom usifh0wf-wkdYomwnf;/ 0goly*wjzpfrl &GmwGif;üvnf; þy&dr@vodu©myk'fESpfyk'fukd usifh&rnf/ tdyfaysmfaeonfhtcg rdrdcsnf;aeonfhtcg wjcm;-oDwif;okH;azmfrsm;ESifh vGwfvyfpGm aeonfhtcgwkdYü a&S;odu©myk'f-ESpfyg;twkdif; aeEkdif&ef cJ,Of;\/ xkdokdY raeEkdifjcif;aMumifh tjypf&Sdonf[kvnf; tqkd r&Sdacs/

tmywfroifhykHrsm;

0w¬Kukd vGefusL;vkdaom apwemr&Sdaom &[ef;? owdarhí 0wfaom &[ef;? 0wfykHukd rodao;aom &[ef;? (0wfykHukd rodaom &[ef;tmywfroifhaomfvnf; 0wfykHukd odatmif oifxm;&rnf?) emaom&[ef;? ab;&ef&Sdaom &[ef;? Or®wåu&[ef; ponfwkdYtm; tmywfroifh/ ovkH;jrif;acgif; ajcmufuyf ydefvSDaom &[ef;? ajcovkH; BuD;-aom &[ef;? trm&Gwf&Sdjcif;ç temaygufaejcif; ponfaMumifhajcovkH;ay:aevQif roifhavsmfaomaMumifh vuf&SpfopfavmufxuftvGef wGJvsm;csíç wkdí 0wfaom &[ef;wkdYtm; tmywfroifh/nDnD0wfrnf[k ESvkH;oGif;í 0wf&m rnDrñGwf jzpfoGm;jcif;wkdYaMumifh-vnf; tmywfroifh/

t*Fg (3) yg;

1/ odu©myk'fukd rusifhvkdaom tem'&d, pdwfxm; &Sdjcif;/

2/ temywådjzpf&ef taMumif; r&Sdjcif;/

3/ xuf0ef;usif 0ef;0kdif;pGm r0wfjcif;tm;jzifh t*Fg (3)yg;wnf;/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) þt*Fg (3)yg;wGif a&S;ESpfyg;onf aocd,tm;vkH;üqkdif\/aemufqkH; wpfyg;rSm odu©myk'fü jyaom usifh0wfukd ajymif;


jyef jyefxm;aom t*Fg jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh a&SUvmrnfhokyÜ#dpäEéodu©myk'fü wwd,t*Fgtjzpf aumif;pGm rzkH;-vTrf;bJ ½kHjcif; jzpfvdrfhrnf/ xkdYaMumifh aemufaemufaocd,wkdYü t*Fgukd txl;jyzG,f rvkdNyD? enf;,lí xkwfwwfygap/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) r½kdaobd? tmywåd\ aMumif;r&Sdjcif; t0ef;nDpGm r0wfygbd?okH;tifjynfhu 'kuú#? rSwfMu aemufvnf; xkdYwlwnf;/

(ar'deD?446/)

y&dr@vyg½kye odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

yg½kydómrd = ½kHthH[k qkdaomfvnf; ,ckumv NrdKU&GmwGif; oGm;-aomtcg ouFef;½kHjcif;rsKd;ukd rqkdvkd? &ef;jcif;ukdom qkdvkdonf/ yg½kye-\ o'geufrSm jcHKjcif;yifwnf;/ t0ef;nDpGm udk,f0wfouFef;ukd ½kHjcif;-[lonf cE¨uüvmaom *d[dyg½kw paom azmufjyefaom ½kHjcif;rsKd;-vnf;r[kwf? aocd,üvmaom enf;jzifh ouFef;tpGef;ESpfbuf tnD-xm;í &ef;jcif;onf vuf0Jwpfbuf ykckH;xufokdY wifaom ukd,f0wf\ausmbufüusaom tpGef;wpfckESifh 0rf;bufü usaom tpGef;wpfckþtem;pGef;ESpfckwkdYukd nDnDxm;í &ef;&rnf[k qkdMu\/

*d[dyg½kw (9) rsKd;

1/ t0wfjzL0wfaom wuúwGef;wkdYuJhokdY txufykdif; ukd,frQukdom0wfjcif;[laom aowyg½kw/

2/ y&dAkdZfwkdYuJhokdY yckH;pGef;ESpfbufukd wifí &ifbwfukd azmfNyD; 0wf-jcif;[laom y&dAÁmZuyg½kw/

3/ ykqkd;wpfxnfom&Sdaom olwkdYonf 0wfaom ykqkd;\ tpGef;wpfck-jzifh ausmufukef;ukd jcHKí tpGef;ESpfbufukd ykckH;pGef;okdY wifí0wf½kHjcif;[laom {uom#uyg½kw/


4/ aoaomufMuL;wkdYonf ykqkd;jzifh vnfyif;ukd &pfywfí tpGef;ESpf-bufukd &ifüvnf;aumif;? ausmufukef;ü csí 0wfouJhokdY 0wf½kH-jcif;[laom ol&maom@yg½kw/

5/ eef;wGif;olwkdYonf rsufpdrQukd jyí OD;acgif; jcHKxm;ouJhokdY 0wf½kH-jcif; [laom taEÅyk&duyg½kw/

6/ vuform;BuD;wkdYonf ykqkd;&Snfukd 0wfí xkdykqkd;&Snf\ tpGef;-wpfckjzifh wpfukd,fvkH; &pfywfí ½kHouJhokdY 0wf½kHaom r[maZ|-uyg½kw/

7/ v,form;wkdYonf v,fwJokdY 0ifonf&Sdaomf ykqkd;ukd &pfywfívufuwD;Mum;ü xm;NyD; wpfckaom tpGef;jzifh ukd,fukd jcHKouJhokdY0wf½kHaom uk#dya0ouyg½kw/

8/ ykPÖm;wkdYonf vufuwD;Mum; ESpfbufokdY oGif;í ykckH;pGef;ESpfbufokdYwifxm;ouJhokdY 0wf½kHaom jA[®Pyg½kw/

9/ pDwef;jcif;jyKaom &[ef;onf ykckH;pGef;wpfbufokdY vkH;wifvsufvufarmif;ukd azmfí ½kHouJhokdY 0wf½kHaom ygVdum&uyg½kw/

þtvkH;pkHaom yg½kwwdkYukd *d[dyg½kw[k ac:onf/

þ *d[dyg½kw0wf½kHenf; (9)rsKd;wkdYtwkdif; tm&mrfwGif;jzpfap&GmwGif;üjzpfap r½kdrao 0wf½kHu 'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/ (ar'deD?447/)

okyÜ#dpäEéodu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,f

NrdKUwGif; &GmwGif;okdY oGm;vdkaomtcg tem;ywfoD;ukd wyfNyD;vQifvnfyif;ç vufaumuf0wfrsm;udk zkH;rdavmufatmif ouFef;½kHí oGm;-jcif;ukd okyÜ#dpäEéoGm;jcif;[k ac:\/ vnfrsKdrStxuf OD;acgif;ukdvnf;aumif;ç vufaumuf0wfrS jyifbuf tzsm;bufvufukdvnf;-aumif;ç ovkH;om;rS atmufajcukdvnf;aumif; azmfNyD;vQif tjcm;-ukd,ft*Fgrsm;udk zkH;íxkdifjcif;ukd okyÜ#dpäEéxkdifjcif;[k ac:onf/ OD;acgif;-


twGufrSm Mo*kP²dwodu©myk'f&Sdí vkH;vkH; rzkH;rdap&/ vufzsm;ESifhatmufykdif; ajcwkdYukdum; zkH;rdjcif;aMumifh tjypfoifhzG,f r&Sd/

tEÅ&C& = NrdKUwGif;&GmwGif;

tEÅa& tEÅa& C&med {w¬mwd tEÅ&Ca&m? tMum;tMum;ütdrf&Sdaom NrdKU&Gmukd &\/ xkdNrdKU&GmwGif; oGm;aom &[ef; omraPonfqkdtyfNyD;aom enf;twkdif; ouFef;½kHí oGm;&ç ae&rnf/ þodu©myk'f-onf y&dr@vodu©myk'fESifh qufqHaomaMumifh ykqpf'l;0ef;rS atmufvufav;opf csí xkdatmuf tykdtvGef wGJvsuf rusapbJ t0ef;nD-pGm ½kH&rnf/ þokdY r½kHbJ 'l;udkvnf;aumif;ç &ifbwfukdvnf;aumif;çvnf*kwf yckH;ukdvnf;aumif; zGifhíoGm;aom&[ef; 'kuú#f/ apwemESifhwuG tem;ywfoD;ukd rwyfaom &[ef;tm;vnf; tmywfrS rvGwf[kqkdMu\/ tEÅ&C&t& &Gmüjzpfapç ausmif;wGif;üjzpfapç vlwkdY csuf-jyKwfpm;aomuf&m t&yfukd ,l? xkdaMumifh ausmif;wGif;üyif jzpfap-umrl vlwkdY csufjyKwfpm;aomuf&m t&yfokdY okyÜ#dpäEéodu©myk'fESifhtnDouFef;r½kHbJ 0ifoGm;aomf tmywfoifhaMumif;ukd 0de,0dedpä,#Dumukdaxmufí ajymqkdMu\/

0goly*w = aejcif;tusKd;iSm uyfa&mufol0goly*w = aejcif;tusKd;iSm uyfa&mufol0goly*w = aejcif;tusKd;iSm uyfa&mufol0goly*w = aejcif;tusKd;iSm uyfa&mufol0goly*w = aejcif;tusKd;iSm uyfa&mufol

þodu©myk'f temywåd0g&ü 0goly*wom ykd\? NrdKUwGif;&GmwGif;üaejcif;tusKd;iSm uyfa&mufNyD; acwåcP wnf;ckdaexkdifaom &[ef;-tm; ouFef;r½kHaomfvnf; tmywfroifh? okdYaomf wnf;ckdaexkdif&efoGm;aomtcg ouFef;½kHí oGm;&rnf/ ouFef;r½kHbJ aexkdifonfhtcg-vnf; y&dr@vodu©myk'ftwkdif; aexkdif&rnf[k od/

wnf;ckdaexkdifjcif;rsKd; r[kwfbJ y&dwf&Gwfç w&m;a[m paomudpörsm;twGuf aexkdif&müum; tcsdefMumaomfvnf; ouFef;½kHíaexkdif&rnfomwnf;/


aupd0g'ç tya&0g'wkdYESifh 0drwdq&m0g'aupd0g'ç tya&0g'wkdYESifh 0drwdq&m0g'aupd0g'ç tya&0g'wkdYESifh 0drwdq&m0g'aupd0g'ç tya&0g'wkdYESifh 0drwdq&m0g'aupd0g'ç tya&0g'wkdYESifh 0drwdq&m0g'

&[ef;wpfyg;u a&S;OD;pGm &GmwGif;xJokdY oGm;í aeNyD;aomf aemufrSoGm;aom &[ef;wkdYonf tvkdr&SdbJ ouFef;r½kHbJ ausmif;wGif;uJhokdYrSwfí xkd&[ef;&Sd&m ae&mokdY oGm;aumif;ç aeaumif;onf[k aupd0g'q&mwkdY qkdMu\/ tdrf&SifwkdYu t&Sifbk&m; aexkdifaeorQ umvywfvkH;t&Sifbk&m;wkdYtm; þtdrfukd ausmif;tjzpf vSLyg\[k qkdí avQmuf-xm;aomf 0gom"dyÜm,yif r&Sdaomfvnf; ausmif;tm&mrfwGif;üuJhokdYouFef;r½kHbJ tvkd&Sdwkdif; oGm;vmaexkdifjcif;iSm tyf\[k tya&0g'q&mwkdYu qkdMu\/

xkdaupd tya&q&mwkdY qkdaomtwkdif; ygVdt|uxmwkdYü rvm-aomaMumifhvnf;aumif;ç vSLjcif;vu©Pm r&Sdjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;çtckduftwefY vSLumrQjzifh ausmif;[laom ac:a0:jcif;okdY ra&muf-aomaMumifhvnf;aumif; þtaMumif;okH;yg;aMumifh 0g'ESpfyg;vkH;roifh/ ]'ge}[lonf 0w¬Kukd tNyD;tykdif pGefYjcif;vu©Pm &Sdonfukdaxmuf&rnf[k 0drwdq&m qkd\/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) 'um 'umrrsm;u þtdrfukd ausmif;tjzpf t&Sifbk&m;-tm; vSLyg\[k avQmufxm;Mu\/ avQmufxm;olum;pdwfaumif; apwemaumif;jzifh avQmufxm;jcif;aMumifhukokdvfjzpfzG,f &Sd\/ &[ef;awmfrsm;u 0gom"dyÜm, r&Sd-vQif wnf;ckdjcif;iSm uyfa&mufjcif; r[kwfvQif avQmuf-xm;wkdif; ouFef;½kHzsufjcif; ponfukd rjyKtyf/ wnf;ckdjcif;iSm uyfa&mufvQifum; 'g,umwkdYu rnfokdYrQ ravQmuf-xm;apumrl ouFef;½kHponf zsufí aexkdifEkdifcGifh &Sd\/nOfhaeY ra&G; ukd,fukd zGifhí y&dr@vodu©myk'ftwdkif;aeaomf tmywfroifhEkdifay/


okoH0kw odu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,fokoH0kw odu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,fokoH0kw odu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,fokoH0kw odu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,fokoH0kw odu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,f

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Ou©dwåum, odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

Ou©dwåu = ajr§mufyifhtyfaomouFef;? tm,-um; em-0dbwf\um&d,wnf;/ em-0dbwfvnf; £w¬rÇLwvu©Pteufü ouf&um;ODeyÍöAEaee - jzifh[l&müuJhodkY ]ajr§mufyifhaom ouFef;jzifh}[k teuf-ay;onf/

oif;ydkif {uoDrsm;udk txufodkY yifhum yifhum pGefawmifqGJum(vlrsm; [efygygoGm;ouJhodkY) NrdKU&GmtwGif;ü roGm;&? xdkifonfhtcgü-


vnf; twGif;vG,ftdwfxJrS a&ppfponfudk xkwf&mü yifh½Hkxm;aomouFef;udk cg;ay:atmif ryifhrajr§mufrdap&/ nOfhtdyfaeYae uyfa&mufaom 0goly*wyk*¾dKvfrSm yifhajr§mufoifhí yifhajr§mufrIaMumifh tmywfroifh? odkYaomf y&dr@vpaom odu©myk'frsm; rysufatmifum; owdxm;&rnf/

2/ OZÑ*¢du0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f2/ OZÑ*¢du0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f2/ OZÑ*¢du0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f2/ OZÑ*¢du0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f2/ OZÑ*¢du0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f

(11+12) OZÆ*¢du odu©my'

NrdKU&GmtwGif;ü ]w[m;[m;}ponhf us,fpGm &,fjcif;jzifh roGm;tHhraexdkiftHh[k usifh&rnf/ xdkodkY rusifhjcif;aMumifh OZÆ*¢du'kuú#ftmywfoifh\/

(13+14) tyÜo'´ odu©my'

wpfq,fhESpfawmifuGm o0Elypm Mum;avmuf½kH wdk;aomtoH&Sdonfjzpfí NrdKU&GmtwGif;ü oGm;tHh? aexdkiftHh[k usifh&rnf/ xdkodkYrusifhjcif;aMumifh tyÜo'´'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/

(15+16) um,yÜpmvu odu©my'

ukd,fukd vIyfap vIyfapí NrdKU&GmtwGif;ü roGm;thH? raexkdifthH[kusifh&rnf/ þokdYrusifhjcif;aMumifh um,yÜpmvu'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/

(17+18) Am[kyÜpmvu odu©my'

vuf½kH;ukd vIyfap vIyfapí NrdKU&GmtwGif;ü roGm;thH? raexkdifthH[kusifh&rnf/ þokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifh Am[kyÜpmvu'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/

(19+20) oDoyÜpmvu odu©my'

ODacgif;ukd vIyfap vIyfapí NrdKU&GmtwGif;ü roGm;thH? raexkdifthH[kusifh&rnf/ þokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifh oDoyÜpmvu'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/


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(13+14) tyÜo'ódu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,f(13+14) tyÜo'ódu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,f(13+14) tyÜo'ódu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,f(13+14) tyÜo'ódu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,f(13+14) tyÜo'ódu©myk'fESpfck t"dyÜm,f

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0drwd#Dumtqkd0drwd#Dumtqkd0drwd#Dumtqkd0drwd#Dumtqkd0drwd#Dumtqkd

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aMumifhwnf;/

tmywfroifhykHtmywfroifhykHtmywfroifhykHtmywfroifhykHtmywfroifhykH

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þodu©myk'f ESpfckESpfckwkdYü xkdifjcif;ESifhpyfaom odu©myk'fwkdYwGif0goly*w ykdonf? temywåd tmywfroifh[k od/

3/ crÇuw0*f odu©myk'f-10 yk'f3/ crÇuw0*f odu©myk'f-10 yk'f3/ crÇuw0*f odu©myk'f-10 yk'f3/ crÇuw0*f odu©myk'f-10 yk'f3/ crÇuw0*f odu©myk'f-10 yk'f

(21+22) crÇuw odu©my'

jyKtyfaom cg;axmufjcif;&Sdonfjzpfí NrdKU&GmwGif;ü roGm;tHh?


raexkdifthH[k usifh&rnf/ xkdokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifh crÇuw'kuú#f/

(23+24) Mo*kPd²w odu©my'

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25/ OuúK#du odu©my'

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26/ yv’w¬du odu©my'

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27/ ouúpöy#d*¾[P odu©my'

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28/ ywåonD y#d*¾[Podu©my'

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29/ orolyu y#d*¾[Podu©my'

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30/ orww¬du odu©my'

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(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) þ26-yg;aom odu©myk'fwdkYum; oifhwifhavQmufywfpGmaexkdifzdkY&ef ynwfawmfrlaom om½kyÜodu©myk'f 26-yk'fwdk Ywnf;/ (4?10?16?18?20?22?24?26/) þodu©myk'f


(8)ckwdkYum; 0goly*w vGwfvyfcGifh &Muukef\/

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orolyuH odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,forolyuH odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,forolyuH odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,forolyuH odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,forolyuH odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

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wpfykHxuf ydkrdkrsm;jym;aomfvnf; tmywfroifh? Ówdy0g&dwwkdY txHrSrl xdkav;zdkYwpfzdkYxuf ydkívnf; cH,laumif;\/

orolyuHü Bud,m0daooeac: bm0eykHukd jyaom ed*¾[dwf-wnf;/ xdkYaMumifh &Sd½kH[k 0daooeoH ygatmif teufay;vkdufonf/aemufaemuf ed*¾[dwfqkH;í 0daooeoHay;orQü Bud,m0daooe(bm0eykH) csnf;rSwf/

orwdw¬du odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,forwdw¬du odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,forwdw¬du odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,forwdw¬du odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,forwdw¬du odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

wdw¬o'´g qdyfurf;udk a[m\/ wdw¬H 0d, wdw¬H = qdyfurf;ESifhwlaom oydwftwGif;EIwfcrf;udk &\/ wdaw¬e orH ,ómwd or-wdw¬duH = qdyfurf;ESifh wlaom oydwf\ twGif;EIwfcrf;ESifh tnDtrQ&dS-aom qGrf;udk &\/ oydwf\ twGif;EIwfcrf;ESifh nDrQ½kHom qGrf;cH&rnf/xdkEIwfcrf;rS tydkvQHarmufaeatmif cHvQif 'kuú#f/

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þodu©myk'f temywåd0g&ü ]*dvmeó}[k ra[mjcif;aMumifh pkef;-pkef;wufatmif armufaeatmif cH,lu *dvmeaomfvnf; tmywfrSrvGwf? þodu©myk'f av;ckwdkYü cH,ljcif;iSmom rtyfonf/ cHNyD;aomumvduum; pm;tyfaomfvnf; tjypfr&Sd[k rSwfyg/


(4) ouúpö0*fodu©myk'f 10-yk'f(4) ouúpö0*fodu©myk'f 10-yk'f(4) ouúpö0*fodu©myk'f 10-yk'f(4) ouúpö0*fodu©myk'f 10-yk'f(4) ouúpö0*fodu©myk'f 10-yk'f

31/ ouúpö bkÍÆe odu©my'

av;pm;aomtm; owdxm;í qGrf;udk pm;tHh[k usifh&rnf/ þodkYrusifhjcif;aMumifh ouúÍöbkÍÆe'kuú#f/

32/ ywåonD bkÍÆe odu©my'

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33/ oy'ge odu©my'

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34/ orolyubkÍÆe odu©my'

qGrf;\ av;zdkYwpfzdkYrQ vufaumf& yJ[if;&Sd½kHom qGrf;udk pm;tHh-[k usifh&rnf/ þodkY rusifhjcif;aMumifh orolyubkÍÆe'kuú#f/

35/ e xlyuw odu©my'

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36/ Mo'eyÜ#dpäm' odu©my'

aomufí pm;aumif;aom yJ[if;ponfudkvnf;aumif;ç trJ-[if;vsmudkvnf;aumif; rsm;onfudk tvdk&Sdonfjzpfí qGrf;jzifhrzkH;tHh[k usifh&rnf/ þodkY rusifhjcif;aMumifh Mo'eyÜ#dpäm'e'kuú#f/


37/ olayg'e0dnwåd odu©my'

yJ[if;ponfudkvnf;aumif;ç qGrf;udkvnf;aumif; *dvme r[kwf-bJ rdrdtusdK;iSm awmif;í rpm;tHh[k usifh&rnf/ þodkY rusifhjcif;aMumifholayg'e0dnwåd'kuú#f/

38/ OZÑmeonD odu©my'

avSmifajymif ½IwfcsuJh&JUjcif;ü trSwfonm&Sdonfjzpfí olwpf-yg;wkdY\ oydwfudk rMunfhtHh[k usifh&rnf/ þodkY rusifhjcif;aMumifhOZÑmeonD'kuú#f/

39/ twdr[EÅuAV odu©my'

a'gif;Otvm; tvGefBuD;rm;aom qGrf;vkwfudk rjyKtHh[k usifh-&rnf/ þodkY rusifhjcif;aMumifh twdr[EÅuAV'kuú#f/

40/ y&dr@vtmavmy odu©my'

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ouúpöbkÍÆe odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fouúpöbkÍÆe odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fouúpöbkÍÆe odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fouúpöbkÍÆe odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fouúpöbkÍÆe odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

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ywåonD odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fywåonD odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fywåonD odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fywåonD odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fywåonD odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

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olwpfyg;tm; ay;vdkí xdkxdkae&mrS ,laom&[ef;? wjcm;aomcGufodkY avmif;xnfhvdkí xdkxdkt&yfrS ,laom&[ef;? vufokwf[if;vsmudk tpOftwdkif;r[kwfbJ ,laom&[ef; tmywfroifh [l\/

orolyubkÍÆe odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

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e xlyuw odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

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Mo'ey#dpäm'e odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fMo'ey#dpäm'e odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fMo'ey#dpäm'e odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fMo'ey#dpäm'e odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fMo'ey#dpäm'e odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

þodu©myk'fü oly-t& aomufí pm;aumif;aom [if;&nfrsKd;-udk ,loifh\/ ]okace ygwAÁEÅd olyH}[k axmreD"d qdkonf/ olayg'e0dnwådodu©myk'ftzGifhü ]olayg emr a'G olyg}[k ra[mjcif;aMumifhyPDwabmZOfrS wpfyg; tvkH;pkHaom abmZOfudk ,l&rnf[k 0ZD&Ak'd-#Dum qdk\/ þodu©myk'füvnf; ¤if;twdkif;yif ,loifhonf[k xif-onf/ tcsKdUum; yJaemuf[if;paom yJ[if;rsKd;udk ,lMuonf/ AsÍÆet&om;ç ig;paom [if;vsm vufokwfrsm;udk ,l/

rsm;rsm;tvdk&Sdí yPDwabmZOfrS wpfyg;aom abmZOfudk jzpfap?ig;ç trJç vufokwfç [if;vsmudkjzpfap qGrf;jzifh zkH;rxm;&? xdk olyçAsÍÆewkdYudk (qGrf;cHpOf) qGrf;jzifh zkH;xm;vQif ]'Dudk,fawmfrSm [if; r&-&Smbl;}[k xifí qGrf;avmif;olwdkYu aemufxyf avmif;csifvdrfhrnf/xdkodkY avmif;csifatmif rsm;rsm;tvdk&dSí olyç AsÍÆewdkYukd qGrf;jzifhrzHk;xm;&? avmif;olwdkY udk,fwdkifu ]rmCmwor, = om;ig;rowf-&}[k a<u;aMumf&mtcgjzpfí vlrjrifatmifzHk;vsuf avmif;oluavmif;vSLvQif cH,lolrSm tmywfroifh/ temywåd0g&ü ]*dvmeó}[krvmaomaMumifh *dvmejzpfí zHk;xm;vQifvnf; tmywfrS rvGwf[kod/ rsm;rsm;tvdk&dSí r[kwfbJ zHk;xm;aom &[efrsm; tmywfroifh/

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0pD0dnwf rygbJ qGrf;&yfouJhodkY &yfí tvSLcH&müum; tmywfroifh? *dvme jzpfolrSmvnf; "mwfpmjzpfaom tpm;tpmrsm;ç trSef-oifhjrwfaom a&m*gtwGuf vdktyfaeaom qGrf;ç [if;ESifh aq;rsm;udkawmif;aumif;\ tmywfroifh/

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tnmwu 0dnwådodu©myk'f t|uxm&if;ü -

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2/ tjcm;&[ef;\ Ówdy0g&dwtxH xdk&[ef;twGuf awmif;ay;-


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tmywfroifhykHrsm;tmywfroifhykHrsm;tmywfroifhykHrsm;tmywfroifhykHrsm;tmywfroifhykHrsm;Ówuy0g&dwxH awmif;ay;aom&[ef;ç (Ówuy0g&dwwdkYxH)

olwpfyg;tusKd;iSm awmif;aom&[ef;ç rdrdOpömjzifh 0,faom &[ef;tmywfroifh/


OZÑmeonD odu©myk'ftzGifhOZÑmeonD odu©myk'ftzGifhOZÑmeonD odu©myk'ftzGifhOZÑmeonD odu©myk'ftzGifhOZÑmeonD odu©myk'ftzGifh

OZÑm,wd {awemwd OZÑmeH = uJh&JUaMumif;jzpfaom pdwf? OZÑmae,kwåm onm OZÑmeonm = uJh&JUaMumif;pdwfESifh ,SOfaom ]onm}ukd&\/ OZÑmeonm tó tw¬Dwd OZÑmeonD = uJh&JUaMumif;pdwfESifh,SOfaom onm&Sdaom ]&[ef;}ukd &\/

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temywåd0g&ü enf;vQif ay;vSLthH? rsm;vQif ay;vSLaptHh[kMunfhaom &[ef;? ruJh&JU r½Iwfcs rajymifavSmifvdkaom &[ef; tmywfroifh/

twdr[EÅuAV odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,ftwdr[EÅuAV odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,ftwdr[EÅuAV odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,ftwdr[EÅuAV odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,ftwdr[EÅuAV odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

a'gif;Oonf tvGefBuD;\/ MuufOum; i,fvGef;\/ xdka'gif;OESifhMuufO tMum;avmuf&Sdaom qGrf;vkwfudk jyK&rnf/ qGrf;vkwfudkBuD;pGm vkyfí yg;pyfjynfharmuf azmif;aeatmif rpm;&/ a'gif;OavmufBuD;vQif 'kuú#ftmywf[k qdkvdk\/

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y&dr@vtmavmy odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fy&dr@vtmavmy odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fy&dr@vtmavmy odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fy&dr@vtmavmy odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fy&dr@vtmavmy odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

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t'DCH (= &Snf&Snfvsm;vsm; rjzpfapbJ) txdkuftavsmuf 0kdif;atmifowdxm;í qGrf;vkwfudk jyKjyifpm;&rnf[k qdkvdkonf/

ZGef;·c&if;ESifh pm;olrsm; owdjyK&efZGef;·c&if;ESifh pm;olrsm; owdjyK&efZGef;·c&if;ESifh pm;olrsm; owdjyK&efZGef;·c&if;ESifh pm;olrsm; owdjyK&efZGef;·c&if;ESifh pm;olrsm; owdjyK&ef

þodu©myk'ft& ZGef; c&if;ESifh pm;jcif;udk rESpfoufMu? txdkuf-tavsmuf 0ef;0kdif;atmifjyKí owdxm; pm;EkdifvQifum; oifhygonf/odkY&mwGif yg;pyftwGif;rS oGm;a&rsm; ZGef;c&if;ü uyfNidayusHoGm;NyD;xkdZGef; c&if;jzifh ,ltyfcyftyfpOf qGrf;vkH;ponfwkdY zdwfpifjyKwfuscJh-aomf xkdwHawG;ç oGm;&nfwkdY ayusHaeaom qGrf;vkH;wkdYonf cEmukd,frSuGmoGm;ojzifh tuyfysufoGm;oNyD; xkdtuyfysufoGm;aom qGrf;vkH;wkdY-ESifh a&maESmrdoGm;aom oydwfxJrS qGrf;rsm;vnf; tuyfysufoGm;jyef-ojzifh 'EÅaygPodu©myk'ft& ruyf&ao;aom qGrf;udk pm;&ma&muf-onf/ xdkYaMumifh tcsKdU q&mawmfBuD;rsm; ZGef;c&if;jzifh pm;jcif;udkrESpfoufMujcif; jzpf\/ acwfqefolrsm;ESifh aq;ynm&SifwdkYonfa&aEG;ESifh jyKwfxm;aom ZGef;c&if;rsm;jzifh pm;vdkMuonf/ vufudkpifMu,fatmifaq;í vufjzifh 0ef;0kdif;atmif jyKí pm;jcif;onfombk&m;&Sif\ tvdkawmfESifh ykdí ukdufnDrnf xifonf/

(5) uAV0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f(5) uAV0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f(5) uAV0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f(5) uAV0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f(5) uAV0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f

41/ tem[# odu©my'

qGrf;vkwfudk cHwGif;0odkY raqmif,ltyfao;rD cHwGif;t0udkrzGifhtHh[k usihf&rnf/ þodkY rusifhjcif;aMumifh tem[#'kuú#f/

42/ bkÍÆrme odu©my'

qGrf;pm;pOf tvkH;pkHaom vufacsmif;udk cHwGif;ü rxnfhthH[kusifh&rnf/ þodkY rusifhjcif;aMumifh bkÍÆrme'kuú#f/


43/ ouAV odu©my'

qGrf;vkwfESifhwuGjzpfaom cHwGif;jzifh pum;rajymtHh[k usifh&rnf/þodkY rusifhjcif;aMumifh ouAV'kuú#f/

44/ yd@Kau©yu odu©my'

qGrf;vkwfudk ajr§mufíajr§mufí rpm;tHh[k usifh&rnf/ þodkYrusifhjcif;aMumifh yd@Kau©yu'kuú#f/

45/ uAVm0apä'u odu©my'

qGrf;vkwfudk udkufjzwfí udkufjzwfí rpm;thH[k usifh&rnf/ þodkYrusifhjcif;aMumifh uAVm0apä'u'kuú#f/

46/ t0*@um&u odu©my'

arsmufuJhodkY yg;apmifudk rdkYarmufatmif jyKí rpm;thH[k usifh&-rnf/ þodkY rusifhjcif;aMumifh t0*@um&u'kuú#f/

47/ [w¬ed'¨Keu odu©my'

vufudk cgícgí rpm;thH[k usifh&rnf/ þodkY rusifhjcif;aMumifh[w¬ed'¨Keu'kuú#f/

48/ odw¬m0um&u odu©my'

qGrf;vHk;rsm;udk jzefYMuJí jzefYMuJí rpm;thH[k usifh&rnf/ þodkYrusifhjcif;aMumifh odw¬m0um&u'kuú#f/

49/ Zd0Sgedpäm&u odu©my'

vQmudk xkwfí xkwfí rpm;thH[k usifh&rnf/ þodkY rusifhjcif;-aMumifh Zd0Sgedpäm&u'kuú#f/


50/ pykpykum&u odu©my'

]pyk pyk}[k toHjyKí (0g) ]pyfpyf yswfyswf} jrnfatmif jyKírpm;thH[k usifh&rnf/ þodkY rusifhjcif;aMumifh pykpykum&u'kuú#f/

tem[# odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,ftem[# odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,ftem[# odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,ftem[# odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,ftem[# odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

qGrf;pm;onfhtcg yg;pyfaygufodkY qGrf;vkwfra&mufrD yg;pyfudkzGifhxm;ESifhhhjcif;um; r,Ofaus;aom trlt&mwpfrsKd; jzpf\/ xdkYaMumifhcHwGif;0 (yg;pyfayguf)odkY qGrf;vkwfrawhrdcif cHwGif;udk BudKwifí[rxm;ESifh&/ *dvmeaomfvnf; [rxm;&[k odyg/

bkÍÆrme odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fbkÍÆrme odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fbkÍÆrme odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fbkÍÆrme odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fbkÍÆrme odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

xrif; rpm;wwfao;aom uav;wdkYonf xrif;vkwfudk yg;pyfodkYoGif;aomtcg vufacsmif;rsm;yg oGif;vdkufouJhodkY &[ef;onf qGrf;-pm;pOf vufacsmif;rsm;udk cHwGif;txJodkY roGif;rdap&/

oAÁH [w¬EdÅ ouv[w¬H[k t|uxm zGifhqdkaomfvnf; vufig;-acsmif; pvHk;udk r,l&? {ua'olypmenf;tm;jzifh a[mxm;onf/vufwpfacsmif;wpfacsmif;udkom ,l&rnf/ xdkYaMumifh vufig;acsmif;-wdkYwGif wpfacsmif;wavudkrQ cHwGif;odkY roGif;&[k od? wcsKdUpm;enf;üvufrtzsm;avmuf tenf;i,f 0ifoGm;wwf\/ odkYaomf tem'&d,pdwf r&dSvQif tmywfroifh/

ouAV odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fouAV odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fouAV odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fouAV odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fouAV odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

yg;pyfxJü qGrf;vkwf&dSaevQif pum;rajym&/ ]qGrf;vkwf}[l&müpum;vHk; ryDoavmufatmif jynfhaeaom qGrf;vkwfudk qdkvdkonf/w&m;a[mpOf oQpfoQm;oD;udk yg;pyfxJ iHkí a[maumif;ouJhodkY qGrf;-vkwfu tenf;i,fom &dSojzifh pum;vHk; NyDoatmif ajymEdkifí


ajymvQifum; tmywfroifh/ pum;ryDro jzpfí tmvkyfoHjzpfaevQifrlrajymaumif;[k od? cJzG,f opfoD;BuD;i,f pm;&müvnf; enf;wl/

yd@Kau©yu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fyd@Kau©yu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fyd@Kau©yu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fyd@Kau©yu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fyd@Kau©yu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

yd@ = xrif;cJ (qGrf;vkwfyg,l)? Oau©yu = ypfajr§mufonf?ed*¾[dwfaMumifh Bud,m0daooerSwf? qGrf;vkwfjzpfapç qGrf;cJjzpfapçyg;pyfü uyfí oGif;&rnf/ yg;pyfxJodkY ajr§mufypfí roGif;&? rkefYç cJzG,frsm;ESifh opfoD;rsm;udkum; ypfí oGif;aomfvnf; tmywfroifh? odkYaomfyg;pyfüuyfí oGif;jcif;uom omí ,Ofaus;onf/

uAVm0apä'u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fuAVm0apä'u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fuAVm0apä'u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fuAVm0apä'u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fuAVm0apä'u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

t0apä'u = udkufjzwfonf/ qGrf;vkwfudk qkyfNyD;vQif oGm;jzifhudkufjzwfrpm;&? qGrf;vkwfjyKNyD;vQif xdkqGrf;vkwfu rsm;aeí awmf-oifh½kH vufjzifh ydkif;NyD; oGif;&mürl tjypfr&Sdoifh? rkefY yJpaom cJzG,f-rsm;ESifh rkefY[if;cg;ç rkefYwDç acgufqGJç vufokwfrsm;udkum; udkufjzwfpm;aumif;onf qdk\/ xdkYaMumifh rkefY&Sufrsm; rkefYvkH;BuD;rsm;? ajymif;zl;iSufaysmoD;rsm;udk udkufjzwfí pm;jcif; ponfü tmywfroifh odkYaomfvufjzifh twkH;twkH; jzwfNyD;rS wpfwkH;pD pm;jcif;uom oifhavsmf\/

t0*@um&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,ft0*@um&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,ft0*@um&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,ft0*@um&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,ft0*@um&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

(*@-o'´gonf yg;ukd a[m&if;jzpfaomfvnf; Oyom& t0o'´gu ][De=,kwfnHh}[laom teufa[m jzpf&um; yg;apmifukd ½kd;½kd;raeapbJ jrifraumif;atmif rkdYarmufaeykHukd ,l?) arsmufowå0grsm;pm;onfhtcg yg;azmif;vmatmif pm;ouJhokdY qGrf;ukd yg;azmif;ae-atmif rpm;& [lvkd? oQpfoQm;oD; ponfukd yg;wpfzufü ikHxm;vQifazmif;aeouJhokdY opfoD;[lorQukd pm;&mü azmif;aeapaomfvnf;tmywfroifh? cJzG,f opfoD;BuD;i,fwkdYü temywåd [l\/


[w¬ed'¨Keu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f[w¬ed'¨Keu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f[w¬ed'¨Keu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f[w¬ed'¨Keu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f[w¬ed'¨Keu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

wcsKdU xrif;pm;&mü vufukd rMumcP cg\? xkduJhokdY vufukdcgí qGrf;rpm;&? qGrf;xJü ausmufcJç trIdufygvmí xkdtrIdufrsm;ukdpGefYypfaom tcgrsKd;üum; cgaumif;\/

odw¬m0um&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fodw¬m0um&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fodw¬m0um&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fodw¬m0um&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fodw¬m0um&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

odw¬ = qGrf;vkH; + t0um&u = roifhrawmf jyKonf/ z½kdz&JMuJaeatmif qGrf;vkH;rsm;ukd [kdypfvkduf onfypfvkduf vkyfjcif;ukd]t0um&u}[k qkdonf/ qGrf;vkH;rsm;ukd rzdwfrpifatmif aumif;pGmodrf;odrf;qnf;qnf; pm;&rnf [lvkd/

t½kd;ç trIdufrsm;ukd qGrf;xJrS ,lí pGefYypf&if; qGrf;vkH;rsm; ygoGm;-&müum; temywåd/

Zd0Sgedpäm&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fZd0Sgedpäm&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fZd0Sgedpäm&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fZd0Sgedpäm&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fZd0Sgedpäm&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

wcsKdU pm;Mu&mü xrif;vkwfukd vQmjzifhí aumf,lwwfMu\?xkdokdY vQmukd xkwfí qGrf;vkwfukdvnf;aumif;ç [if;ukdvnf;aumif;aumfr,l&? vQmxkwf aumf,lpm;vQif tmywfoifh\/

pykpykum&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fpykpykum&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fpykpykum&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fpykpykum&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fpykpykum&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

]pyk pyk}o'gum; yg;pyfrS jrnfaomtoHukd twkvkdufí vkyfxm;-aom ]tEku&P}o'´gwnf;/ toHMum;&mü vlwpfrsKd;ESifh wpfrsKd;Mum;ykHcsif; rwlMu? xrif;pm;aomtcg wcsKdU jrnfwwfaom toHukdjrefrmwdkYu ]jywf jywf}[k Mum;\? wcsKdUum; ]pyf pyf}[k Mum;\? ygVdokH;-rSmrl ]pyk pyk}[k Mum;[efwlonf/ xkduJhokdY toHrxGufatmif yg;pyfukdydwfxm;NyD; qGrf;pm;&rnf? yg;pyfzGifhxm;vQif jrnfwwf\/


(6) ok½kok½k0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f(6) ok½kok½k0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f(6) ok½kok½k0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f(6) ok½kok½k0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f(6) ok½kok½k0*f odu©myk'f 10-yk'f

51/ ok½kok½kum&u odu©my'

ok½kok½k toHukd jyKí (0g) ½Iwf½Iwfjrnfatmif rpm;tHh[k usifh-&rnf/ þokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifh ok½kok½kum&u'kuú#f/

52/ [w¬edav’[u odu©my'

vufukd vsufívsufí rpm;tHh[k usifh&rnf/ þokdY rusifhjcif;-aMumifh [w¬edav’[u'kuú#f/

53/ ywåedav’[u odu©my'

oydwfudk jcpfí jcpfí rpm;tHh[k usifh&rnf/ þokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifh ywåedav’[u'kuú#f/

54/ Mo|edav’[u odu©my'

EIwfcrf;ukd vsufívsufí rpm;tHh[k usifh&rnf/ þokdY rusifh-jcif;aMumifh Mo|edav’[u'kuú#f/

55/ omrdo odu©my'

qGrf;paom tmrdoESifhwuG jzpfaom vufjzifh aomufa&cGuf-ukd rukdiftHh[k usifh&rnf/ þokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifh omrdo'kuú#f (ac:)yged,w¬mvu'kuú#f/

56/ oodw¬u odu©my'

qGrf;vkH;ESifh wuGaom oydwfaq;a&ukd &GmwGif;ü rpGefYtHh[k usifh-&rnf/ þokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifh oodw¬u'kuú#f/


57/ qwåygPd odu©my'

vufü xD;&Sdaom *dvme r[kwfoltm; ygVdç t|uxm"r®®udkra[mtHh[k usifh&rnf xkdokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifh qwåygPd'kuú#f/

58/ '@ygPd odu©my'

vufü av;awmifjynfh wkwf&Sdaom oltm; ygVdç t|uxm"r®®udkra[mtHh[k usifh&rnf xkdokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifh '@ygPd'kuú#f/

59/ ow¬ygPd odu©my'

vufü "m;paom vufeuf&Sdaom oltm; ygVdç t|uxm"r®®udkra[mtHh[k usifh&rnf xkdokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifh ow¬ygPd'kuú#f/

60/ tm0k"ygPd odu©my'

vufü av;&Sdaom ygVdç t|uxm"r®®udk ra[mtHh[k usifh&rnfxkdokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifh tm0k"ygPd'kuú#ftmywf oifh\/

ok½kok½kum&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fok½kok½kum&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fok½kok½kum&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fok½kok½kum&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fok½kok½kum&u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

ok½kok½ko'´gonfvnf; ]tEkum&P = toHudk twkvdkufíjyKwwfaom} o'´gaywnf;/ ygVdu ]ok½k ok½k}? jrefrmu ]&S½k &S½k}[ktoHMum;onf/ xkdtoHrsKd; rjzpfatmif qGrf;udkvnf;pm; [if;&nfçEGm;EkdY ponfudkvnf; aomuf&rnf/

[w¬edav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f[w¬edav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f[w¬edav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f[w¬edav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f[w¬edav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

wcsKdUvlrsm; xrif;pm;&mü vufacsmif;udk vQmjzifh vsuf\/yg;pyfjzifh pkyf\/ vuf0g;jyifudkyif vsufwwfao;\/ xdktm;vHk;udkrvkyfaumif;? odkYaomf vufacsmif;jzifh aumfí aumfípm;&aom ,m*kyspfyspfç EdkYCemç wifvJç jym;&nfponfwdkYudkum; vufacsmif;jzifh aumfí


cHwGif;odkY oGif;í pm;aumif;onf[k t|uxmwdkYü qdkMu\/ þpum;-jzifh cHwGif;xJodkY 0ifaom vufacsmif;udk vQmjzifhvsufaomf þodu©myk'f-jzifhaomfvnf;aumif;ç oAÁ[w¬H rkac yu©dyeodu©myk'fjzifhvnf;aumif;tmywfroifh[k od/

ywåedav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fywåedav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fywåedav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fywåedav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fywåedav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

qGrf;pm;aom &[ef;onf vufacsmif;jzifh oydwfudk jcpfwwfonf/ZGef;jzifhvnf; jcpfwwfonf/ vufacsmif;wpfacsmif;jzifhaomfvnf;oydwfudk rjcpfaumif;? yspfaom wpfcJeufaom ,m*k ponfuyfaeaomf vufacsmif;jzifh jcpfaumif;onf [l\/ xHk;pHtwdkif; odrf;½Hk;-pkíum; pm;aumif;\/

Mo|edav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fMo|edav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fMo|edav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fMo|edav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fMo|edav’[u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

qGrf;pm;aom &[ef;onf EIwfcrf;ü ayuyfaeaom qGrf;vHk;ponfudk vQmjzifh rvsufaumif;? EIwfcrf;csif;jzifhom cHwGif;odkY ,lí oGif;-aumif;\/ «vsuf-[l&mü EIwfcrf;jyifbufodkY vQmxGufí vsufjcif;udkwm;jrpfawmfrlvkdonf xifonf/ vQmray:atmif twGif;u EIwfcrf;udkvsuf&mü tjypf r&Sdwef&m? (bmom#Dum)» wpfcJeufaom yspfaom,m*k ponfuyfaeaomf vQmjzifh vsufaumif;onf[k od/

yged,xmvu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fyged,xmvu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fyged,xmvu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fyged,xmvu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,fyged,xmvu odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

yged, = aomufa&? xmvu = cGufi,f? &GH&SmzG,faumif;ojzifhy,fjcif;aMumifh oHCmcGufç wpfyg;yk*¾Kdvf\ cGufç vl\ cGufç ukd,fykdifcGufcGufrSeforQ tm;vkH;ukd tmrdoayaeaom vufjzifh rudkifaumif;[kod&rnf/

yged,xmvuHum; Oyvu©Penf;jzpfí aomufa& c½koif;aomufa&rIwf ponfukdvnf; ,lEkdifonf/ tmrdo rayaom vufjzifh-


um; ukdifaumif;onf/

aomufa&cGufukd ukdifNyD;vQif aq;rnf/ aq;ckdif;rnf[k udkifaomftmywfroifh/

oodw¬u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,foodw¬u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,foodw¬u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,foodw¬u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,foodw¬u odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

qGrf;vkH;ygaom oydwfaq;a&ukd NrdKUwGif; &GmwGif;ü roGefavmif;-aumif;? o[ odaw¬e ,H 0wåwDwd oodw¬uH? qGrf;vkH;ESifh wuGaomoydwfaq;a&wnf;/

temywåd av;csuftemywåd av;csuftemywåd av;csuftemywåd av;csuftemywåd av;csuf

xrif;vkH;wkdYukd a&rS xkwf,lí wpfckaom t&yfü pkykHxm;NyD;a&oufouf pGefYtHh? xrif;vkH;wkdYukd acsí a&ESifh tvm;wlatmifjyKNyD; oGefavmif;tHh? axG;cHxJü oGefxnfhtHh? NrdKU&Gmtjyifbufa&mufrSpGefYtHh? temywåd av;csuf ykd\/

«þ 30-aom odu©myk'fwkdYum; abmZey#doH,kwå odu©myk'fwkdYwnf;??»

qwåygPdodu©my' t"dyÜm,fqwåygPdodu©my' t"dyÜm,fqwåygPdodu©my' t"dyÜm,fqwåygPdodu©my' t"dyÜm,fqwåygPdodu©my' t"dyÜm,f

tmwyH qma'wDwd qwåH? aeylukd zkH;uG,fwwfaom xD;ukd &\/

xD; (3) rsKd;xD; (3) rsKd;xD; (3) rsKd;xD; (3) rsKd;xD; (3) rsKd;

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'@ygPd ow¬ygPd tm0k"ygPd

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7/ yg'ku0*f odu©myk'f (15) yk'f7/ yg'ku0*f odu©myk'f (15) yk'f7/ yg'ku0*f odu©myk'f (15) yk'f7/ yg'ku0*f odu©myk'f (15) yk'f7/ yg'ku0*f odu©myk'f (15) yk'f

61/ yg'ku odu©my'

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62/ Oyg[e odu©my'

zdeyfpD;aom *dvmer[kwfoltm; ygVdç t|uxm"r®udk ra[m-tHh[k usifh&rnf/ þokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifh Oyg[em½kV§'kuú#f/


63/ ,me odu©my'

,mOfay:ü wufa&mufaeaom oltm; ygVdç t|uxm"r®udkra[mtHh[k usifh&rnf/ þokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifh ,me*w'kuú#f/

64/ o,e odu©my'

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65/ yv’dw¬du odu©my'

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66/ a0Xdw odu©my'

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67/ Mo*kP²dw odu©my'

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68/ qrm odu©my'

ajrBuD;ü xkdifaeí tcif;ü xkdifaeaom oltm; ygVdç t|uxm-"r®udk ra[mtHh[k usifh&rnf/ þokdY rusifhjcif;aMumifh qrm'kuú#f/


69/ eDpmoe odu©my'

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70/ Xdw odu©my'

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71/ ypäawm *päEÅ odu©my'

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72/ OyÜaxe *päEÅÅ odu©my'

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73/ Xdawm Opöm& odu©my'

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74/ [&daw Opöm& odu©my'

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75/ O'au Opöm& odu©my'

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a0XdwoDoó odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

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eDpmoe odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

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yk*Hjynf ukvm;usrif;taMumif;

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oefYoufa&aq;NyD;aemuf vufroefY&Sif;ao;[k xifvQif vufukdqyfjymESifh aq;ygav/ xkdokdY oefYoufa&aq;&mü ]]pyfpyf jywfjywf}}toHrsKd; rjrnf&atmif NidrfoufpGm aq;&rnf/ a&ukefoGm;vQifvnf;cyfcJh&rnf/ trIduf&SdvQifvnf; vSnf;ypf&rnf/ okdYjzpfí uk#DtwGif;wHjrufpnf;wpfacsmif; &Sdoifhonf/

uk#dt0if ouFef;wef;xm;&Sdjcif;

,ckumvü uk#dwufcgeD;0,f twGif;okdY r0ifrD {uoDukd cRwfíwef;ay:ü wifxm;cJhol enf;yg;ae½kHru wcsKdUuk#drsm;ü ouFef;wef;ukdtwGif;xm;í wcsKdUuk#drsm;rSm ouFef;wef;yif r&SdMu? {uoD twGif;-ygoGm;vQif eHapmfrnfpkd;í tjyifrSm xm;cJh&ef ynwfawmfrlaomaMumifhouFef;wef;ukd tjyifbufwGif xm;í xkdwef;ay:wGif {uoDukd (jcHK-xnfyg) xm;ypfcJhjcif;om ynwfawmfESifh nDonf/ *gxmrsm; &Sdao;\/

(bmom#Dum?396/)

[&daw Opöm& odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

[&dw[lonf pdrf;&Sifaom jrufopfyif&Sd&mt&yfudk qkdonf/ ajrüay:aeaom opfjrpfç ukdif;í ajrü xdaeaom opfcufrsm;ukdvnf;[&dw[kyif qkd&onf/

opfudkif;ay:rSm xkdifí pdrf;aom jrufopfyif r&dS&mt&yfüusifBuD;ç usifi,fç wHawG; pGefYcsaumif;onf/ pdrf;aom jrufç opfyif


r&Sd&mt&yfukd &SmaepOf ratmifhEkdifawmhbJ xGufustHh? *dvmet&müwnfjcif;aMumifh tmywfroifh/

pdrf;aom jrufopfyifr&Sd&mt&yfü pGefYxm;aom usifBuD;usifi,f-onf pdrf;aom jrufopfyif&Sd&mt&yfokdY pD;oGm;tHh? tmywfroifh/pdrf;aom jrufç opfyifr&Sd&m t&yfukd &Smr&atmif jzpfaerl jrufu&Gwf-acGç aumuf½kd;u&GwfacGç ausmufcJç tkwfcJwkdYukd xm;í pGefY&rnf/opf&Gufajcmuf ponfwkdYüvnf; pGefYEkdif\/ pGefYNyD;aemuf pdrf;aom t&yfrsm;okdY pD;qif;oGm;tHh? tjypfr&Sd/ acVo'gjzifh wHawG;ç ESyfwkdYukd ,lyg/yg;pyfjzifh ikHxm;aom a&ç MuHzwfç t½kd;ponfukdum; axG;ypfaumif;\/wHawG;ukd a&ESifh a&maxG;rl tyf\/ MuHzwfudkvnf; a&ü axG;tyf\[k0drwd qkd\/

O'au Opöm& odu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f

O'ut& okH;pGJaomufcsKd;aumif;aom a&ukdom ,l&rnf/ uk#d-twGif;ü a&0ifaeaomf xkda&rsKd;ü Opöm& ponfjyKaomfvnf; tmywfroifh? ork'&m yifv,fa&rsm;vnf; okH;aqmifaumif;aom a& r[kwf?jrpfacsmif;xJü avSç oabFmponfukd pD;oGm;pOfvnf;aumif;ç rkd;&Gm-ojzifh a&jyifBuD; jzpfaepOfvnf;aumif;ç Opöm& ponfukd jyKzkdY a&vGwf-aom t&yfukd r&Ekdifrl pGefYaumif;onf/ jrpfç xkH;tkdifç tif; ponfwkdYüavSjzifh oGm;pOf urf;ruyfEkdifí pGefYrl pGefYaumif;onf/ ukef;ay:rSmpGefYonfukd a&xJodkY avQmusoGm;tHh? temywåd tmywfroifh/

þokH;yg;aom odu©myk'fwdkYum; Opöm&ESifh pyfaom odu©myk'fwkdY-wnf;/ þokdYvQif om½kyÜodu©myk'f26-yk'f? abmZey#doH,kwåodu©myk'f30-yk'f? "r®a'oemodu©myk'f 16-yk'f? Opöm&odu©myk'f 3-yk'f? aygif;aocd, 75-yk'fwkdY jzpfukefonf/


(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) ESpfq,fajcmuf om? abmZem wðo?"r® aomVH? Opöm&H? rSwf&ef okH;yg;wnf;/

(txl;rSwf&ef)(txl;rSwf&ef)(txl;rSwf&ef)(txl;rSwf&ef)(txl;rSwf&ef) ]e olyH 0g} ESpfyk'fom avmu0ZÆ tukovpdwåjzpfaumif;onf/ t<uif; yPÖwåd0ZÆç wdpdwåç wdapwem jzpfonf[k0drwdqkd\/ tus,fukd ¤if;ü Munfhav/

þaocd,odu©myk'frsm;onf tmbdormpm&duç tm'djA[®p&d,-u ESpfrsKd;wkdYwGif tmbdormpm&duü tusKH;0ifonf/ aocd, cEu0wfokuú0dó|dpaom avmu0ZÆ odu©myk'fwkdYukdvnf; &SifomraPrsm;usifhoifhç usifhxkdufç usifh&rnf/ rusifhu tvZÆD jzpfonf/ 'Pfxkduf-onf[k 0drwd#Dum qkd\/

aocd, NyD;\/

²²²


ted,wcef;

yxr ted,wodu©myk'f

wpfyg;aom&[ef;onf wpfa,mufaom rmwk*grESifh rsufpduG,f-&m eH&Hponfjzifh zkH;vTrf;tyfaom arxkeftrIü avsmufywfjcif;iSmpGrf;Ekdifaom (0g) arxkefrSD0Jjcif;trIukd jyKjcif;iSm pGrf;Ekdifaom ae&müxkdifaejim;tHh/

xkd&[ef;ukd ,kHMunftyfaom pum;&Sdaom t&d,mjzpfaom Oyg-odumronf jrifí arxkeyg&mZduç um,oHo*¾ç oHCm'daoofç&a[medoZÆygpdwf wpfckckjzifh qkdjim;tHh? xkdokdYyif qkdaomfvnf; xkdif-jcif;ukd 0efcHaom &[ef;ukd yg&mZduç oHCm'daoofç ygpdwf wpfckckjzifhjyKapxkduf\/ ,kHMunftyfaom pum;&Sdaom t&d,mOygodumronf0w¬Kukd azmfjyí qkd&mwGif &[ef;u 0efcHaomfomvQif (0g) 0efcHrSomjyKxkduf\? jyK&rnf/ tmywfonf ted,wtmywfwnf;/ (0g) tjrJrowfrSwftyfaom tmywfwnf;/

'kwd, ted,wodu©myk'f

ae&monf eH&Hponf zkH;vTrf;jcif; r&Sd? arxkeftrIü avsmufywfjcif;iSm rpGrf;Ekdif? rmwk*grukd ½kefY&if;ukefaom pum;wkdYjzifh t,kwf-wrm ajymqkdjcif;iSm pGrf;Ekdifonfom jzpf\/ xkdokdY oabm&Sdaom ae&m-ü wpfyg;aom &[ef;onf wpfa,mufaom rmwk*grESifh twlwuG


rsufpd em; ESpfyg;\qdwfuG,f&mü xkdifaethH? xkd&[ef;ukd ,kHMunf-xkdufaom pum;&Sdaom t&d,mOygodumronf 'k|Kv’0gpmç oHCm'd-aoofç &a[medoZÆygpdwfjzifh qkdjim;tHh? xkdokdYqkdaomfvnf; xkdifjcif;ukd0efcHaom&[ef;ukd oHCm'daoofç ygpdwfwpfckckjzifh jyKapxkduf\/,kHMunfxkdufaom pum;&Sdaom t&d,mOygodumronf 0w¬Kukdazmfjy-í qkd&mwGif &[ef;u 0efcHaomfomvQif (0g) 0efcHrSom jyKxkduf\(0g) jyK&rnf/ þtmywfonfvnf; ted,wtmywfwnf;/ tjrJrowfrSwftyfaom tmywfwnf;/

yxrted,w odu©myk'ft"dyÜg,f

þodu©myk'fum; rsufpdrjrifEkdifavmufatmif zkH;uG,faom ae&m-0,f rmwk*grESifh twlwuG xkdifaeaom &[ef;ukd t&d,mOygodumruawGUjrifí yg&mZduç oHCm'daoofç ygpdwftmywf wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifhpGyfpGJapumrl okdYr[kwf aexkdifykHtjcif;t&mESifhwuG 0w¬KukdazmfjyípGyfpGJapumrl xkd&[ef;u [kwfaMumif;0efcHrSom 0efcHonfhtwkdif; qkH;-jzwf&rnf/ 0efrcHvQif tmywfjzifh rqkH;jzwf&[k 0denf;tqkH;tjzwf\vu©Pm (qkH;jzwfenf;)ukdjyaom odu©myk'fwnf;/

]{aum {um,} pmpyfykH

]{aum {um, = wpfa,mufcsif;csif;}[k teufay;½kd; &Sdaomf-vnf; ususeeay;vQif a,m ye bdu©K = tMuif&[ef;onf/ {aum= wpfyg;wnf;/ [kwGm = í/ {um, = wpfa,mufwnf;aom/rmwk*gare = rmwk*grESifh/ o'ð = wuG - [k ay;&rnf/

]tvH ur®eda,} zGifhykH

ur®ed = arxkeftrIü/ crH = cHhaom oabmonf (0g) avsmufywf-aom oabmonf/ ur®ed,H = ur®ed, rnf\/ ]arxkefrIü avsmuf-


ywfaom oabm}[lonf arxkefrSD0Javmufaom tuG,ftum&Sdjcif;çvkHjcHKjcif; oabmwnf;/ tvH (y&d,wåH) ur®ed,H ,ómwd tvHur®-ed,H? ,ó = tMuifae&m\/ tvH (y&d,wåH) = pGrf;Ekdifaom/ ur®ed,H= arxkeftrIü cHhaom oabmonf/ tw¬d = &Sd\/ £wd = xkdaMumifh/wH = xkdae&monf/ tvHur®ed,H = tvHur®ed, rnf\/ þü ]pGrf;Ekdif}[lonf arxkefjyKaeonfhtcg ]uG,fumEkdifjcif;}wnf;/ þpum;pOft& arxkefrIukd uG,fumEkdifavmufatmif tuG,ftum&Sdaom ae&mukd ]tvHur®ed,} ac:onf[k rSwf/

]edoZÆH uayÜ,s} t& ,l&ykH

£&d,mykxf av;yg;wkdYwGif edoZÆH-t& xdkifjcif;£&d,mykxfukdjyojzifh xkdifNyD;aemufrS avsmif;&onfhtwGuf xkdifjcif;xufyif ykdíjzpfEkdifcJaom avsmif;jcif;£&d,mykxfukdkyg ,l&onf/

oa'¨,s 0pom / ay / 0a',s

,kHMunfxkdufaom pum;&Sdol[lonf rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ rkom;rajymaom t&d,mOygodumrwnf;/ xkdOygodumronf yg&mZduçoHCm'daoofç ygpdwfç tmywfokH;rsKd;wGif wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifh ajymqkdpGyfpGJt?Hh[lvkd/

edoZÆH bdu©K / y / uma&waAÁm

,kHMunfavmufaom t&d,mOygodumru pGyfpGJapumrl (oljrif-wkdif; [kwfcsifrS [kwfrnf? tjrifvGJcsif vGJwwfonf jzpfí) &[ef;urmwk*grESifh twlxkdifrdygaMumif; 0efcHrSom oifhawmf&mtmywfjzifhqkH;jzwf&rnf/


a,e 0g / y / 0a',s

þum; xkdt&d,mOygodumr\ ajymqkdpGyfpGJykH wpfenf;ukd jyaom0guswnf;/ a&SUenf;ü ]wdPÖH "r®meH tnwa&e 0a',s yg&mZdau-e 0g}ponfjzifh qkdaomaMumifh t&d,mOygodumru tmywfwyfíyxrapm'emykHukd jy\/ þenf;üum; t&d,mOygodumru tmywf-emrnf wyfwwfcsifrS wyfwwfrnf jzpfaomaMumifh tmywfemrnfrwyfbJ aexkdifykHç (odkYr[kwf) tdyfaeykH tjcif;t&mESifhwuG arxkefrIukd,fvufESD;aESmrItp&Sdaom 0w¬Kukd xkwfazmfí apm'empGyfpGJykHukdjy\/

awe aom bdu©K uma&waAÁm

þ0gusü y#dZmermaem[k rygaomfvnf; a&SU0gusrS vkdufap-&rnf/ xkdtjcif;t&mESifhwuG 0w¬Kukd azmfjyí apm'emcH&aom &[ef;-ukd olu [kwfrSefaMumif; 0efcHrSom xkdpGyfpGJaom tjcif;t&mjzifh(tmywfwyfí) qkH;jzwf&rnf/

uma&waAÁm

þae&mwGif o'´geuftm;jzifh ]jyKapxkduf}[l&mü ]jyKap}[lonf]tmywfukd ukpm;apjcif;}wnf;/ xkdokdY ukpm;apjcif; tukpm;ckdif;-jcif;ukdyif a0g[m&w¬ (okH;pGJ½kd;teuf)tm;jzifh rnfonfhtmywfoifhaMumif; qkH;jzwfjcif;[k qkdMuonf/ (wAÁ-ypönf;ESifh vmorQü ]xkdufçoifh}[kom teufay;? tyf[k teufray;&? wu,fjyKaerSom ]tyf}[kokH;&rnf/)

t,H "ar®m ted,awm

yg&mZdu[lívnf;aumif;ç oHCm'daoof[lívnf;aumif;çygpdwf[lívnf;aumif; tjrJowfrSwfí r&aomaMumifh ]]ted,awm


= rjrJaom tmywf}}[k qkdonf/ þted,wodu©myk'fESpfyg;ü tmywf-t*Fg[k txl;r&Sdyg/ yg&mZdujzpfvQif yg&mZdut*Fgtwkdif; oHCm'd-aoofç ygpdwfjzpfvQif xkdqkdif&modu©myk'f t*Fgtwdkif;yif jzpfonf[kodyg/

rmwk*grt& ,lykH

þyxrted,wü yxryg&mZdu um,oHo*¾wkdYyg0ifaom-aMumifh arG;zGm;prS pí touf&SifqJ rdef;r[lorQukd ,l/ ]{aum {um-,}[l&mü a,mufsm;tazmfr&Sdjcif;ukd ,l? tb,fhaMumifhenf;¿ rdef;rwkdY-onf arxkefrIuJhokdY BuD;av;aom tjypfrsm;ukd zkH;xm;avh&SdMuç wpf-a,muftjypfukd olwpfyg;tm; azmfjyavhr&SdMuaomaMumifhwnf;/

'kwd,ted,wodu©myk'f t"dyÜg,f

e a[0 acg ye (y) emvH ur®ed,H? ae&mu tuG,ftumr&Sd[mvm[if;vif; jzpfaeí arxkefjyKjcif;iSm rjzpfEkdif[k qkdaomaMumifh]&a[m}t& rsufpduG,f&mukd r,lbJ em;uG,f&mukdom ,l&jcif;? ]tvÍö/ y / MobmodwkH}[k qkdaomaMumifh oHCm'daooft&m0,f ygVdawmfüwkduf½kdufjyaom um,oHo*¾tjyif 'k|v’0gpmç oHCm'daooftmywf-ukdvnf; xyfrHoGif;,l&jcif;? ygpdwft&m0,f bdu©Kaem0g'0*fç tap-vu0*fwkdYü vmaom &a[m edoZÆodu©myk'f ESpfyg;ukd ,l&jcif;ç rdef;r-rsm;vnf; tazmfjzpfEkdifcGifh &Sdjcif;om a&SUodu©myk'frS xl;\/

rdef;rtazmfukdyg ,l&jcif;ESifh ]&a[m}t& ,lyHk

rdef;rwkdYonf tjcm;wpfa,muf\ arxkefjzifh azmufjyefonfukdrazmfjyvkdMuaomfvnf; um,oHo*¾ç 'k|Kv’0gpmrIukdum; xkwfazmfajymMum;wwfMuavonf/ xkdYaMumifh þodu©myk'ft& ]tazmf}[l&müa,mufsm;tazmfukd omru rdef;rtazmfukdyg ,l&\/ ]&a[m}t&


em;\ uG,f&mt&yf[l&müvnf; wpfq,fhESpfawmifjzifh owfrSwfMu\/xkdaMumifh [mvm[if;vif; tjyif0,f rmwk*grESifh twlae&mü wpf-q,fhESpfawmif twGif;rSm (a,mufsm;jzpfapç rdef;rjzpfap) r&SdvQif]{aum {um, &a[m edoZÆH uayÜ,s} jzpfonf/

ted,wodu©myk'f ynwf&usKd;

ted,wodu©myk'fü tmywftrnf txl;rwyfvnf; odu©myk'füjyxm;aom ]]t&d,mOygodumrukd,fwkdifjzpfapç tjcm; ,kHMunfavmufolujzpfap tmywf0w¬KESpfck jyí pGyfpGJajymqkdapumrl tpGyfpGJcH&aom&[ef;u ([kwfygonf[k) 0efcHrSom tmywfjzifh qkH;jzwf&rnf/ 0efrcH-vQif tmywfjzifh rqkH;jzwf&}}[k 0denf;awmf qkH;jzwfenf;vu©Pmukdjyjcif;tusKd;iSm þted,wodu©myk'f ESpfyg;ukd jyawmfrlonf/

þvu©Pmonf bdu©KeDrsm;twGufvnf; oufa&muf tusKH;-0ifaomaMumifh bdu©KeDygwdarmufü ted,wodu©myk'frsm;ukd rjyawmhacs/ (om&w¬#Dum/)

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) ted,wkwfç odu©myk'fü? azmfxkwftmywf? xl;rwyfvnf;?qkH;jzwfenf;em? vu©Pmukd? avsmfpGm jyrI? ynwfjyK\? bdu©KeDvnf;? þwkdif;rSD;bYkd? woD;wjcm;? xyfrxm;onf? rSwfom; #DumtrdefYwnf;/ (bmom#Dum?125/)

vZÆDESifh tvZÆD&[ef;rsm;twGuf qkH;jzwf&ef

þü azmfjyaom enf;ESpfrsKd;vkH;ü ]]0efcHrSom tmywfjzifh qkH;jzwf-&rnf}}[k rdefYawmfrlaomaMumifh e*dku vZÆDolawmfaumif;[k xif&Sm;-aom yk*¾dKvfjzpfvQif xkdtpGyfpGJcH&aom yk*¾dKvfu [kwfrSefaMumif;0efcHrSqkdif&mtmywfjzifh qkH;jzwf&rnf/ r[kwfyg[k jiif;qkdaevQif tmywfrwyfbJ qkH;jzwf&rnf/


tvZÆDyk*¾dKvf[k xif&Sm;olu ]r[kwfyg[k} jiif;uG,faevQifum;]]ae0 ok' emok' = pifMu,folvnf; rqkd&? rpifMu,folvnf; rqkd&}}[k qkH;jzwf&rnf/

²²²


t"du&Porx (7) yg;


t"du&Porx (7) yg;

jzpfukefjzpfukefNyD;aom av;yg;aom t"du½kPf;wkdYukd Nidrf;ap-jcif;iSmç txl;ojzifh Nidrf;apjcif;iSmç (0g) Nidrf0yfydjym;jcif;iSmç or®Kcg0de,-orxukd ay;xkduf\? owd0de,orxukd ay;xkduf\? trlV§0de,-orxukd ay;xkduf\? 0efcHjcif;jzifh jyKapxkduf\? (0g) qkH;jzwfxkduf\?a,bk,sodumorxukd ay;xkduf\? wóygyd,oduorxukday;xkduf\? wdP0w¬m&uorxukd ay;xkduf\? þckepfyg;aom orxwkdYkukd ay;xkdufukef\/

t"du&P

t"du&D,EÅd {w¬mwd t"du&Pmed? orxwnfae&mjzpfaomt"du½kPf;av;yg;wkdYukd &\/ t"du½kPf;onf oHCmü jzpfay:vmaomf orxjzifh xkdt"du½kPf;ukd Nidrf;&onf/ xkdYaMumifh t"du½kPf;av;yg;wkd Yonf orxwkd Y\ wnfae&m[k qkdonf/t"du½kPf;av;yg;wkdY jzpfay:vmaomf þorxckepfyg;wkdYjzifh Nidrf;ap&rnf [l\/

1/ or®Kcg0de,orx

rsufarSmufü t"du½kPf;Nidrf;aMumif;w&m;ukd or®Kcg0de,orx-[kac:onf/ xkd or®Kconf oHCor®Kcç "r®or®Kcç 0de,or®Kcç yk*¾v-or®Kc[k av;rsKd; &Sd\/

1/ t"du½kPf;Nidrf;at;&ef um&uoHCm\ rsufarSmufjzpfjcif;onf


oHCor®Kcwm rnf\/

2/ Nidrf;aptyfaom 0w¬KtrI\ vrf;rSeftwkdif;usjcif; "r®rsufarSmuf-jzpfjcif;onf "r®or®Kcwm rnf\/

3/ t"du½kPf;\ 0denf;vrf;rSeftwkdif; usjcif; 0denf;rsufarSmufjzpfjcif;onf 0de,or®Kcwm rnf\/

4/ jiif;ckHaeMuaom ESpfbufyk*¾dKvf\ a&SUü Nidrf;apjcif;onf yk*¾dKvf-rsufarSmufjzpfjcif; yk*¾vor®Kcwm rnf\/

(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf)(rSwfcsuf) oHCm rpnf;a0;bJ y"meyk*¾dKvfrsm;om pka0;í OAÇm[du-0dedpä,jzifh Nidrf;ap&mü oHCor®Kcwm r&aumif;? <uif;okH;yg; &aumif;\/ þor®Kc0de,orxonf tjcm;t"d-u½kPf;rsm;ukd Nidrf;ap&müvnf; xkdufoifhovkd yg0ifEkdif\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) oHC "r®? 0de,ESifh? yk*¾va&S;½I? Nidrf;aprI? av;ck or®Kac:/

(ar'deD?477/)

2/ owd0de,orx

owda0ykv’yÜwåó 'gwaAÁm 0dea,m owd0dea,m? owd jyefY-ajymol\tjzpfodkY a&mufaom &[EÅmtm; ay;xkdufaom 0denf;wnf;/&[EÅmyk*¾dKvfrSm owdw&m; rsm;jym; jyefYajymvsuf &Sd\/ xkd owdrsm;jym;aom &[EÅmtm;ay;xkdufaom 0denf;onf owd0de, rnf\/

&[EÅmyk*¾dKvfukd wpfpkHwpfa,mufu oDv0dywådjzifh pGyfpGJvmvQifppfaq;ar;jref;NyD;aemuf tjypfuif;rSef; xif&Sm;ojzifh aemiftcg rpGyfpGJ-EkdifzkdY&m Úwådpwkw¬ur®0gpmjzifh þowd0de,orxukd oHCmuay;&avonf/ xkd owd0de,ukd ay;NyD;aemuf pGyfpGJaomfvnf; tx-rajrmufacs/ ppfaq;ar;jref;aezG,f rvkd? tm;vkH; pGyfpGJrI[laom tEk0g'g"du½kPf;rsm; tvkdtavsmuf Nidrf;aysmufawmhonf/ þokdY tEk0g'g-"du½kPf;ukd Nidrf;apEkdifaomaMumifh owd0de,orx[k ac:onf/


(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) owdvQrf;jzm? &[EÅmtm;? &rf;um wifvQif;? pGyfpGJuif;zkd Y?xifvif;ay;& orx? 0de, owdac:/ (bmom#Dum?401/)

3/ trkV0de,orx

trlV§bm0H = rawGa0ol\ tjzpfodkY/ Oy*wó = uyfa&mufckduf-jzpfaom &[ef;½l;tm;/ 'gwaAÁm = ay;tyfaom/ 0dea,m = 0denf;-onf/ trlV§0dea,m = trlV§0de, rnf\/

&[ef;wpfyg;onf awGa0½l;oGyfojzifh ]rlV§} jzpfae\/ xkdrlV§jzpf-aeckduf0,f tjypfrsm;ukd usL;vGefav&m owd&aomtcg tjcm;&[ef;-wkdYu tmywfjzifh pGyfpGJMuavaomf xkd&[ef;½l;u ]]wynfhawmf pdwfazmufjyef (arhavsmhae)ojzifh bmukd jyKrdrSef; rodyg}}[k avQmufxm;-aomfvnf; pGyfpGJjrJ pGyfpGJaetHh? xkd&[ef;tm; xkdpGyfpGJrIrsm; Nidrf;apzkdY&mrawGa0onfhtcg (r½l;onfhtcg0,f) Úwådpwkw¬ur®0gjzifh trlV§0de-,ukd ay;&onf/ xkdokdY ay;NyD;aemuf pdwfazmufjyefí jyKrdorQudpöwkdYüpGyfpGJaomfvnf; txrajrmufawmhacs/ þokdYvQif trlV§§0denf;onftEk0g'g"du½kPf;wpfrsKd;ukd Nidrf;apEkdifaomaMumifh orxtrnf&av-onf/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) awGa0arhrl;? trSef½l;ojzifh? vGefusL;rdvQif;? pGyfpGJjcif;ukd?vGwfuif;apiSm? rawGa0cg0,f? aumif;pGmay;&? orx?trlV§§0de,ac:/ (bmom#Dum?401/)

4/ y#dnmwu&Porx

0efcHonfhtm;avsmfpGm qkH;jzwfjcif;ukd ]y#dnmwu&P} ac:onf/&[ef;wpfyg;onf tmywfoifhí tmywåm"du½kPf;&Sdae&m xkd tmy-wåm"du½kPf; Nidrf;&ef (0g) tmywfukpm;&ef wpfyg;aom oHCmxHjzpfapç*kdPf;xHjzpfapç yk*¾dKvfxHjzpfap? wynfhawmf þrnfaom tmywfokdYa&mufaeygonf[k a'oem ajymMum;&rnf/ (t"dyÜm,fay:atmif


om jrefrmvkda&;onf? qkdaomtcg ygVdvkd qkdí a'oemMum;&\)a'oemcHaom &[ef;u ]]xkdtmywfukd oif½Iavmh}}[k jyefajym&onf/xkdaemuf a'oemajymolu ]]rSefyg wynfhawmf ½Iygonfbk&m;}}[k0efcHvQif a'oemcHaom &[ef;u ]]aemiftcg apmifha&Smufavm}}[kjyefajym (qkH;jzwf)&onf/ þokdY 0efcHaomtwkdif; qkH;jzwfvkdufaomfxkdtmywfoifhaeaom &[ef;\ tmywåm"du½kPf; Nidrf;oGm;&um;]aemiftcg apmifha&Smufavmh}[laom ]tm,wð oH0a&,smod}[laompum;onfyif 0efcHwkdif;jyK&aom y#dnmwu&P[l\/

oHCm'daooftmywfü y&d0gofponfukd awmif;jcif;onf oHCm-'daooftmywf &SdaMumif; 0efcH&m a&mufaomaMumifh y#dnmwrnf\/oHCmu y&d0gofponfukday;jcif;onf 0efcHwkdif;jyKjcif;aMumifh y#dnm-wu&P rnf\[k od/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) tmywåm"du&P? jzpfay:url? tmr yómrd? 0efcHbdaomf?tm,wð oH0a&? qkH;jzwfay? ac:av y#dnmwu&P/

(bmom#Dum?402/)

5/ a,bk,sodumorx

pnf;a0;aomy&dowf "r®0g'Drsm;&modkY vkdufí jyKtyfaom Bud,m(uH)ukd a,bk,sodu ac:onf/ wpfenf; pnf;a0;aom y&dowf"r®0g'Drsm;onfhtjzpfudk rSDí Nidrf;jcif;Bud,m (uH)udk a,bk,soduac:onf/

0d0g'g"du½kPf;jzpfí oHCmuGJjym;aeaomtcg or®Kc0de,orx-csnf;oufoufjzifh Nid§rf;ír&vQif oHCmpnf;a0;í rJqE´,laom&[ef;wpfyg;udk orkwf&onf/ xdkYaemuf or®Kwd&aom &[ef;upnf;a0;aom y&dowfü "r®0g'DrJqEç t"r®0g'DrJqEwkdYudk ,lap&rnf/xdktcg "r®0g'DrJqE´rsm;aevQif "r®0g'Drsm;&mvdkufí qHk;jzwf&onf/


tu,fí t"r®0g'D rsm;aeykHay:vQif &ufa&TUqdkif;xm;í "r®0g'Drsm;-atmif pkaqmif;xm;NyD;rS "r®0g'Dtqdktwdkif; qkH;jzwf&onf/ þokdY"r®0g'Drsm;&m vkdufíjyKtyfaom Nidrf;jcif;Bud,mukd a,bk,sodum-or, ac:onf[l\/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) "r®0g'D? rsm;onfukd vdkuf? jyKxdkufBud,m? ,if;udkom? a,bk-,sm[k ac:/ (ar'deD?478/)

6/ wó ygyd,oduorx

xdk txl;,kwfrmaom &[ef;tm; jyKtyfaom Bud,m(uH)ukd]wó ygyd,odu}[k ac:onf/

&[ef;wpfyg;udk yg&mZdujzifhjzpfap yg&mZdu\ teD;jzpfaomxkv’pöOf;ç 'kuú#fjzifhjzpfap ar;pdppfvwfaomf tqkH;tjzwf rcHvdk?awmifajym ajrmufajym xdkxdkþþ tvDvD ajymqkdaeaom ,kwfrm-aom tusifh&Sdaom ]Oy0gV}uJhodkYaom &[ef;tm; tu,fí yg&mZdurusao;tHh? qdkif&m usifh0wfudk usifhí oHCmxHodkY oGif;jcif;udk &vwHåU-[k rSwfíç yg&mZduusol jzpfthH? udk,fwdkifzsufqD;vwåHU[k rSwfíoHCmonf Úwdåpwkw¬uHjzifh jyKtyfaom uHrsKd;udk wóygyd,oduorx[k ac:onf/

(aqmif)aqmif)aqmif)aqmif)aqmif) ,kwfrm &[ef;zsif;? tmywf uif;&ef? jyKonfhuHyif? rnfwGifwó ygyd,? odu [líac:/

7/ wdP0w¬m&uorx

wdaP[d = jrufwkdYjzifh/ t0w¬&D,aw = zkH;tkyfxm;tyf\/ £wd= xkdYaMumifh/ wdP0w¬ma&m = wdP0w¬m& rnf\/ usifBuD;ç usifi,fukd&\/ wdP0w¬ma&m 0d, wdP0w¬m&aum = jrufjzifh zkH;xm;tyfaomusifBuD;ç usifi,fESifh wl\/ £wd = xkdYaMumifh/ wdP0w¬m&aum =wdP0w¬m&u rnf\/ 0d0g'g"du½kPf;&\/


oHCm ESpfbufuGJí 0d0g'g"du½kPf; jzpfae&mü ESpfzufvkH;rSmvnf;tmywfoifhvsuf &SdMuavonf/ xkdaemuf vZÆDoabm oufa&muf(pdwfaumif;&)Muojzifh xkdtmywfrsm;ukd ukpm;apvkdonfhtcg wpf-buf tjypfukd tjcm;wpfbufu azmfjyaevQif omí rcHEkdifzG,f&m&SdaomaMumifh qGavçeHavjzpfaom usifBuD;ç usifi,fukd jrufjzifhwpfcgwnf; zkH;tkyfvkdufouJhokdY wdP0w¬m&uac:aom uHwpfrsKd;jzifhtmywfawGukd zkH;tkyfvkduf&avonf/

xkduHaMumifh tifrwef BuD;av;aom yg&mZduç oHCm'daooftmywfESifh *D[dy#doH,kwå (vlESifhpyfaom vlukd qJa&;rI) tmywfrsm;rS-wpfyg; tjcm;tmywftm;vkH;yif ajyaysmufavawmh\/ þokdYvQifwdP0w¬m&uuHonf ESpfbufaom tmywfESifh 0d0g'g"du½kPf;ukdNidrf;apEkdifaomaMumifh orxwpfrsKd; jzpf&avonf/ (qkdif&m uHjyKykHrsm;-ukd orxcE¨uygVdawmfokdY ½I/)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) usifi,fbifykyf? jrufjzifh tkyfokdY? qkd;,kwfrsm;bd? tmywådu?

0d0g'ukd? r<uap&? orx? wdP0w¬m&uac:/

udpöm"du½kPf;ESifh or®Kcg0de,orx

orx ckepfyg;ukd jycJh&mü udpöm"du½kPf;ukd rnfonfhorxjzifhNidrf;ap&rnf[k rodomao;? odkYjzpfí udpöm"du½kPf;ukd rnfonfhorx-jzifh Nidrf;ap&ygrnfenf;[k pOf;pm;vkdMuayvdrfhrnf/

]udpö}[lonf tyavmueuHpaom oHCmhuHav;yg;wkdYwnf;/udpöMuHKvmonfhtcg qkdif&myk*¾dKvfç oHCmwkdY pnf;a0;í oHCmrsuf-arSmufrSmyif xkdudpöukd NyD;ap&ç Nidrf;ap&aomaMumifh udpöm"du½kPf;ukdNidrf;apaomorxrSm or®Kcgorxwpfyg;om jzpfonf/

Oyrm odrforkwfudpöç uxde'geudpö (Úwåd'kwd,uH) MuHKvm-vQif tenf;qkH; oHCmav;yg; pnf;a0;í oHCmrsufarSmufü Úwf-ur®0gpmzwfí NyD;ap&ç Nidrf;ap&onf/ þokdY ponfjzifh odav/


t"du½kPf;av;yg;ESifh orxckepfyg; wGJykH

1/ 0d0g'g"du½kPf;ukd or®Kcg0de,orxESifh a,bk,sodumorxorxESpfyg;wkdYjzifh Nid§rf;&onf/

2/ tEk0g'g"du½kPf;ukd or®Kcg0de,orxç owd0de,orxç trlV§§-0de,orxç wóygyd,oduorx[laom orxav;yg;wkdYjzifhNid§rf;&onf/

3/ tmywåm"du½kPf;ukd or®Kcg0de,orxç y#dnmwu&PorxçwdP0w¬m&uorx orxokH;yg;wkdYjzifh Nid§rf;&onf/

4/ udpöm"du½kPf;ukd or®Kcg0de,[laom orxwpfyg;jzifhom Nid§rf;&-onf[k odyg/

(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif)(aqmif) rkcga,bk? 0denf;jyK? Nidrf;rI 0d0g'g/rkcg owd? rlVf§ ygyd? Nidrf;bd Ek0g'g/rkcg #dnmOf? wdP,SOf? Nidrf;pOf tmywåm/rkcgjzifhcsnf;? udpöNyD;? Nidrf;enf; þokdYvm/


oifwef;odrf;vuFm

apwem xufoefpGmESifh? pmykdYcsNyD;cJh (0denf;) oifwef;ay/edAÁmefrsufarSmuf? qkdufa&mufatmif? u,fwifEkdif&ap/pmwufolrsm;wGufawmh? &nfrSef;csuf axGaxG?vkd&mpcef;rSm? txufwef;u? wufvSrf; atmifygap/

t&Sifaum0d'gbd0Ho

omoemhvif;a&mifMunfausmif;wkduf

yJcl;NrdKU/

²²²


"kwif (13) yg; cGifhjyKjcif;


"kwif (13) yg; cGifhjyKjcif;

bk&m;&Sifonf avmutmrdoudk pGefYí udk,ftoufudk riJhuGufbJedAÁmefESifhavsmfaom tusifhudkom tm;xkwfvdkaom "r®tarGcH trsKd;-om;wdkYtm; "kwifudk cGifhjyKawmfrl\/

tydpä oEÅK|d oav’c paom *kPfwdkYjzifh oDv\pifMu,fjcif;onfjzpf\/ xkd*kPfwkdYukd jynfhpHkpdrfhaomiSm pwkyg&dok'¨doDvBuD;av;yg;üwnfaom a,m*Donf "kwifudk aqmufwnfusifhoHk;tyf\/

tusKd;um; -

tvdkenf;jcif;ç a&mifh&Jjcif;ç udavomudk cgwGufjcif;ç qdwfNidrf&mawmausmif;ü aejcif;ç udavomudk zsufqD;jcif;ç or®yÜ"mef0D&d,rjywftm;xkwfjcif;ç 'g,umwdkY vkyfauR;vG,fjcif;ç jyifyudpöenf;jcif;çaygYyg;pGm toufarG;jcif; paom*kPfwdkYjzifh tnpftaMu; aq;aMum-um zGyfavQmftyfonfjzpfí "kwifaqmufwnfol\ oDvonf vGefpGmpifMu,faom tusKd;udk &\/

t&d,0How&m;av;yg;

oDvtusifhpifMu,fvQif ouFef;ç qGrf;ç ausmif;ç acgif;yg;aomtusifh&Sdjcif;[laom t&d,0How&m;oHk;yg;ü wnf\/ bm0emüarGUavsmfjcif;[laom pwkw¬t&d,0How&m;üvnf; wnf\/


"kwif (13)yg;

(1) yHokul"kwif (2) wdpD0&dwf"kwif (ouFef;ü ESpfyg;) (3) yd@-ygwf"kwif (4) oy'gepm&d"kwif (5) {umoeduf"kwif (6) ywåykdPf"kwif (7) cvkypämbwåd"kwif (qGrf;ü ig;yg;) (8)tm&nuif"kwif(9) ½ku©rl"kwif (10) taAÇmumodu"kwif (11) okomef"kwif (12),xmoEÅwd"kwif (ausmif;ü ig;yg;) (13) aeoZÆd"kwif (0D&d,üwpfyg;) aygif; "kwif (13)yg; jzpfygonf/

aqmif - yHç awç yd@ç oy'ç {uoedom?ywåç cvkç tm&nKç ½ku©rlvdum?taAÇmç okomefç ,xmoefç aeoH q,fhoHk;jzm/

(0dok'dr*ft&om-72/)

"kwifaqmufwnfyHk

"kwif y,fyg\/ aqmufwnfyg\/

1/ yH - *[ywd'gepD0&H y#du©dygrd/ yHokukvdu*ø orm'd,mrd/2/ wd - pwkw¬upD0&H y#du©dygrd/ awpD0&du*ø orm'd,mrd/3/ yd@ - twda&uvmbH y#du©dygrd/ yd@ygwdu*ø orm'd,mrd/4/ oy' - avmvkyÜpm&H y#du©dygrd/ oy'gepm&du*ø orm'd,mrd/5/ {u - ememoeabm'ZeH y#du©dygrd/ {umoedu*ø orm'd-

,mrd/6/ ywå - 'kwd,bmZeH y#du©dygrd/ ywåyd@du*ø orm'd,mrd/7/ cvk - twd&dwåabmZeH y#du©dygrd/ cvkypämbwådu*ø orm'd-

,mrd/8/ tm&Of - *grEÅaoemoeH y#du©dygrd/ tm&ndu*ø orm'd,mrd/9/ ½ku© - qEéH y#du©dygrd/ ½ku©rlvdu*ø orm'd,mrd/

10/ taAÇm - qEéÍö ½ku©rlvÍö y#du©dygrd/ taAÇmumodu*ø orm'd-,mrd/


11/ okomef - e okomeH y#du©dygrd/ aomomedu*ø orm'd,mrd/12/ ,xmoef- aoemoeavmvkyÜH y#du©dygrd/ ,xmoEÅwdu*ø

orm'd,mrd/13/ aeoZÆd - ao,sH y#du©dygrd/ aeoZÆdu*ø orm'd,mrd/

teufay;yHk

1/ yH - *[ywd'gepD0&H = 'umvufa&mufvSLaom ouFef;udk/y#du©dygrd = y,fyg\/ yHokulvdu*ø = yHokulouFef; aqmifavh&Sd-aomyk*¾dKvfjzpfaMumif; ukodkvfapwemudk/ orm'd,mrd = aqmuf-wnfyg\/

2/ wd - pwkw¬upD0&H = 0wfavmuf½kHavmuf av;xnfajrmufouFef;udk/ y#du©dygrd = \/ awpD0&du*ø = ouFef;oHk;xnfaqmifavh&Sdaom yk*¾dKvf\jzpfaMumif; ukodkvfapwemudk/ orm'd-,mrd = \/

3/ yd@ - twda&uvmbH = ydkvGefaom vmbfudk/ y#du©dygrd = \/yd@ygwdu*ø = qGrf;cHoGm;avh&Sdaom yk*¾dKvf\jzpfaMumif; ukodkvfapwemudk/ orm'd,mrd =\/

4/ oy' - avmvkyÜpm&H = vQyfay:avmfvDaom qGrf;cHoGm;jcif;udk/y#du©dygrd = \/ oy'gepm&du*ø = tdrfpOfrjywf qGrf;cHoGm;avh-&Sdaom yk*¾dKvf\jzpfaMumif; ukodkvfapwemudk/ orm'd,mrd = \/

5/ {u - ememoeabm'ZeH = txl;xl;aom ae&müpm;jcif;udk/y#du©dygrd = \/ {umoedu*ø = wpfae&mwnf;ü pm;avh&Sdaomyk*¾dKvf\jzpfaMumif; ukodkvfapwemudk/ orm'd,mrd = \/

6/ ywå - 'kwd,bmZeH = ESpfckajrmufaom cGufudk/ y#du©dygrd = \/ywåyd@du*ø = wpfcGufwnf;,lavh&Sdaom yk*¾dKvf\ jzpfaMumif;ukodkvfapwemudk/ orm'd,mrd = \/


7/ cvk - twd&dwåabmZeH = twd&dwf0denf;uHjyKaom abmZOfudk/y#du©dygrd = \/ cvkypämbwådu*ø = y,fjrpfNyD;onfaemufrS &aomqGrf;udk pm;avhr&Sdaom yk*¾dKvf\jzpfaMumif; ukodkvfapwemudk/orm'd,mrd = \/

8/ tm&Of - *grEÅaoemoeH = &GmeD;ausmif;udk/ y#du©dygrd = \/tm&ndu*ø = awmüaeavh&Sdaom yk*¾dKvf\jzpfaMumif; ukodkvfapwemudk/ orm'd,mrd = \/

9/ ½ku© - qEéH = trdk;rdk;aom t&yfudk/ y#du©dygrd = \/ ½ku©rlvdu*ø= opfyifatmufü aeavh&Sdaom yk*¾dKvf\jzpfaMumif; ukodkvfapwemudk/ orm'd,mrd = \/

10/ taAÇm - qEéÍö = trdk;ig;yg;udkvnf;aumif;? ½ku©rlvÍö = opfyif&if;udkvnf;aumif;/ y#du©dygrd = \/ taAÇmumodu*ø = vGifwD;-acgifü aeavh&Sdaom yk*¾dKvf\jzpfaMumif; ukodkvfapwemudk/orm'd,mrd = \/

11/ okomef - e okomeH = okomefr[kwfaom ae&mudk/ y#du©dygrd= \/ aomomedu*ø = okomefü aeavh&Sdaom yk*¾dKvf\jzpfaMumif; ukodkvfapwemudk/ orm'd,mrd = \/

12/ ,xmoef - aoemoeavmvkyÜH = ausmif;cH,l&mü vQyfay:avmfvDjcif;ukd/ y#du©dygrd = \/ ,xmoEÅwdu*ø = tMuiftMuifñTef;tyfaom ausmif;ü udef;atmif;avh&Sdaom yk*¾dKvf\jzpfaMumif; ukodkvfapwemudk/ orm'd,mrd = \/

13/ aeoZÆd - ao,sH = udk,fqefYavsmif;pif; vSJtdyfjcif;udk/ y#du©dygrd= y,fyg\/ aeoZÆdu*ø = xdkifavh&Sdaom yk*¾dKvf\ jzpfaMumif;ukodkvfapwemudk/ orm'd,mrd = \/


"kwiftus,f (42) yg;

&[ef;a,mufsm;wdkYtm; "kwif (13)yg;? &[ef;rwdkYtm; (8)yg;(cvkypämç tm&nuifç ½ku©rlç taAÇmç okomef -- 5-yg; y,fonf)?omraPa,mufsm;wdkYtm; (12)yg; (wdpD0&dwf y,fonf)? odu©mrmefomraPrwdkYtm; (7)yg; (wdpD0&dwf xyfy,fonf)? Oygoumç Oygod-umrwdkYtm; {uoedufç ywåydkPftm;jzifh (2)yg; avsmufywfukef\/xdkYaMumifh (13+8+12+7+2) aygif; 42-yg; jzpf\/ tm&nuifç ½ku©rlçtaAÇmç aeoZÆdwdkYvnf; Oygoumç OygodumrwdkYtm; oifhavsmfonf[kqdkoifh\/ 'ouedygwfvm tavmif;awmf uPS&aohonf xdk"kwifrsm; usifhonf[k qdkygonf/ (0dok'dr*ft&om-83/)

t"dyÜg,frsm; tusOf;rQod&ef

1/ yHokul"kwif

okomefç aps;wef;ç vSnf;BuD;vrf;? vlvrf;ç rIdufyHkyg?ukd,f0efnpfayç bkwfcsKd;a&? pGefYav csKd;qdyfyg?rD;avmifç EGm;0g;ç <uufudkufxm;? jcpm;ç jywfpGef;ç qm?awmifydkYç av,lç &[ef;vSL? ewfvSLç wHcGefvTm;?okomefjyefxkwfç bdoduftkyf? ork'fç wHcdk;om?ESpfq,fhoHk;[l yHokul? aumuf,l oHk;aqmif&m/

(0dok'd¨r*ft&om-85/)

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tauúmo0w¬K 214

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tjcm;y&du©&mrsm; 209

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tacGjyKvsuf

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tapvuodu©myk'f

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tapöupD0&odu©myk'f 85

tapöuouFef; 85

tapöuouFef; taqmwvsif

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tpdäEépD0& 76

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tpGrf;ukef rtyfaomt&m 32

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tn0g'uodu©myk'f

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tnmwu0dnwådodu©myk'f 55


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t¹ukod 156

t¹r@v 156

tPkjrL 285

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twd&dwf0denf;uH

t*Fg (7)yg; 269

txl;od&ef 250

t'¨ge*reor, 260

t"r®0g'DrJqE 424

t"r®duuH 207

t"du&Porx (7)yg; 421

t"du½kPf;av;yg;ESifh

orxckepfyg; wGJykH 427

t"d|mefusaMumif; (8)yg; 65

t"d|mefwifjcif; 61

t"d|mefykH 186

t"d|mefrwif&aom

y&du©&mrsm; 65

t"d|mefç 0duyÜemavmuf-

aom oydwf 92

t"dyÜg,frsm; tusOf;rQ

od&ef 433

tem'&d,odu©myk'f 312

temywådü Or®wåu r,l& 225

temywåd av;csuf 400

temrEÅpm& 60

temrmo'kuú#f 5

tem[#'kuú#f 392

tem[# odu©my' 392

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tEkarm'em0wåÍö 129

tEkavmrazsmf&nfrsm; 181

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(6) xnf 116

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tEk0d0¥ 156

taEÅyk&odu©myk'f 355

taEÅyk&duyg½kw 373

taEÅ0godu0wå 144



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taEÅm0kw¬'kuú#f 7ç 199

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tazsmf&nfvkyf&ef

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tazsmf&nfaomufcGifh&aom

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taAÇmumodu"kwif 438

taAÁm[m&du 277

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t&d,ly0g'EÅ&m,f 335

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t&dyfrcdkaumif; 26

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««««« tmtmtmtmtm »»»»»

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tmywfukpm;jcif; 20

tmywfcGJjcm;csufrsm; 239

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tm0k"ygPd'kuú#f 398

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««««« OOOOO »»»»»

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Ou©dwåu odu©my' 369

Ou©dwåoarÇm*odu©myk'f

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O'au Opöm&'kuú#f 404

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O'g&uH 204

O'¨gveuygpdwf 105ç 362

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Ov’dwåuk#d 169

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««««« ODODODODOD »»»»»

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156

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tyfaom yifhzdwfenf; 177

tyfaom vJvS,fenf; 45

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uxdepD0&'geuH 205

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««««« ccccc »»»»»

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««««« ***** »»»»»

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««««« iiiii »»»»»

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««««« ppppp »»»»»

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««««« qqqqq »»»»»

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««««« ZZZZZ »»»»»

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««««« ÚÚÚÚÚ »»»»»

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««««« XXXXX »»»»»

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wdpD0&duffouFef;ESifh

nOfhuif;jcif; 73

wdP0w¬m&uorx 425

wlavme'¨odu©myk'f 105

aw&ouPf#Dum 100

awv (= qD)ESifh pyfí

rSwf&ef 53ç 192

wHawG;ç rsuf&nf

ponfrsm; 288

wkdufwGef;rSmxm;csuf 47

awmifqkyf[laompum;

pOf;pm;&ef 112

awmifajrmufav;yg; 383

awmif;rIESifh pyfí rSwf&ef 389

wdkif;Mum;? ewfBuD;? toD;ç

ap;xGuf? 437

wpfcif; wpf½kHwnf; 13

wpfenf; edó,rkpöu

t*Fg (7)yg; 125

awGa0arhrl;? trSef½l; 423

««««« xxxxx »»»»»

xoGm;apxdkufol r[kwfaom

yk*d¾Kvf (3)a,muf 243

xD; (3)rsKd; 400

xkv’pöOf;tmywf 1

xlyuw'kuú#f 385

ax,sow¬odu©myk'f 332



xdkxdkþþ tvDvD 425

xif&Sm;&Sdaom &[ef;tm;

yefMum;ykH 301

««««« ''''' »»»»»

'@ur®emoe 339

'@uxde 156

'@ygPd'kuú#f 398

'@ygPd ow¬ygPd

tm0k"ygPd 401

'@ygPd odu©my' 398

'EÅaygPodu©myk'f 281

'óElypm& 297

'geuH 204

'geÚwåduH 204

'd0gao,s odu©myk'f 221

'domygarmu©q&m 126

('kuk#f) ESpfxyfouFef;ykHpH 162

'kuú#ftmywf 5

'kuú#ftmywfoifhaom

t0wfrsm; 153

'kuú#ftmywf[k

ynwfawmfrrl&jcif; 368

'kuú#ftmywf[k owfrSwf 367

'kuú#fESifh 'kAÇmodw

tmywfrsm; 11

'kuú#f0w¬Krsm; 22

'kuú#f (3)rsKd; oifhEkdif 9

'kkuú#f (8)rsKd; 5

'k|Kv’odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f 328

'k|Kv’ma&mpeygpdwf 212

'k|Kv’ma&mpe odu©myk'f 225

'kwd,ted,wodu©myk'f 413

'kwd,uxde (ac:)

Oa'godwodu©myk'f 55

'kwd,y0g&Pmodu©myk'f 271

'kwd,yg#da'oeD 118

'kwd,o[ao,sygpdwf 212

'kwd,aoemoeodu©myk'f 242

'ka'¨gwywå = taq;-

cufaom oydwf 274

'kAÁPÖu&Podu©myk'f

t"dyÜm,f 316

'kAÁvodu©myk'f 351

'kAÁdpm&P 31

'kAÇmodwtmywf 10ç 11

'k½lypdPÖ'kuú#f 5ç 287

a'oemuH 204

'PfrS xGufajrmuftyfaom

tusifh 140

'efylt&SnfqkH;yrmP 286



««««« """"" »»»»»

"r®a'oem y#doH,kw 408

"r®a'oem ygpdwf 212

"r®a'oemodu©myk'f 222

"r®0g'DrJqE 424

"r®or®Kcwm 422

"r®duuH 207

"m;cGJ"m;jzwfouFef;ESifh

pyfí rSwf&ef 158

"m;ç ZGef; ponfü

uyfaeaom oHacs;rsm; 290

"kwiftus,f (42)yg; 433

"kwifaqmufwnfyHk 430

"kwifü xdkufwefaom

yk*¾dKvf 441

"kwifü rxdkufwefaom

yk*¾dKvf 440

"kwif (13)yg; cGifhjyKjcif; 429

««««« eeeee »»»»»

e Ou©dwåum,'kuú#f 369

eE´aw¬&odu©myk'f (ac:)

ok*wpD0&odu©myk'f 111

e|pD0& 76

e xlyuw odu©my' 385

e[meodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f 315

em0gbd½k[eor, 260

emoe = zsufqD;rI 3-rsKd; 339

eduú¹eodu©myk'ft"dyÜm,f 245

ed*¾[uH 205

ed,óuH 147

edoZÆH uayÜ,s t& ,l&ykH 415

edoD'eodu©myk'f 109ç 363

edoD'kdef tokH;jyKykH 364

edoD'kdefynwfawmfrljcif; 363

edó*¾dtqifhqifh

tmywftqifhqifh 23

edó*¾dtmywf (30)

txl;rSwfcsuf 104

edó*¾dxdkufyHk 21

edó*¾dxkdufí pGefYjcif; 190

edó*¾dxdkufaom ouFef;pGefYyHk 79

edó*d¾ypönf; pGefYenf;rsm; 21

edó*¾dypönf;wdkYESifh pyfí

rSwf&ef 48

edó*¾dygpdwfç ok'¨ygpdwf 187

edó*¾drxdkufapenf; 74

edó*¾d,ygpdwf 19

edó*¾douFef;pGefYykH 66

edó*¾doydwf pGefYykH 94ç 97

edó*¾dodu©myk'frsm;ESifh pyfí

tusOf;rSwf&ef 47



edó,rkpöu t*Fg 125

edó,nf;Nidrf;ysufaMumif;

t*Fg (6)yg; 126

edó,nf;vGwf aeEkdifol 125

edóm&PuH 203

edóm&PÚwåduH 203

eDpmoe'kuú#f 407

eDpmoe odu©my' 403

eDaom y'kr®mMumawm 150

ae0 ok'¨ emok'¨ 419

aeoZÆd"kwif 439

aemufaeY jyefuyfaom

cJzG,fabmZOfrsm; 276

aemufydwf½I;zdeyf 404

eef;awmf0ifjypf (10)yg; 356

EGm;w&m;avm 14

ESpfxyfjyKvsuf ½kH 132

ESpfxyfouFef;pGef; 209

ESpfxyfoHk;xyf rdk;yHk 249

EIwfvSH 214

««««« yyyyy »»»»»

ytkyf 13

yuwdtm[m&udpö cGJjcm;yHk 273

ypmvuodu©myk'f ajcmufyk'f

t"dyÜm,f 379

ypöKuú¹eÚwåduH 204

ypöK'¨K&fjyKykH (0g) 0duyÜemjyefykH 71

ypäawm*päEÅ'kuú#f 403

ypäawm *päEÅ odu©my' 403

ynwåd0DwduúrEÅ&m,f 336

ynwf&usKd; 418

y#d*¾g[uÚwåduH 204

y#dnmwu&Porx 423

y#dom&PD,uH 147

y#dó0'kuú#f 5

yPDwabmZOf 178

yPDwabmZOfodu©myk'f 278

yPDw (9)rsKd; 279

ywåpwkuú 27

ywåedav’[u'kuú#f 397

ywåedav’[u odu©my' 397

ywåy&d,EÅ 48

ywåydkPf"kwif 435

ywåonD y#d*¾[P

odu©my' 380

ywåonDywd*¾[P'kuú#f 380

ywåonDbkÍÆe'kuú#f 385

ywåonD bkÍÆe odu©my' 385

ywåodu©myk'f 91

yxrted,wodu©myk'f 413

yxrOyu©#odu©myk'f 57ç 81



yxruxdeodu©myk'f 54

yxry0g&Pmodu©myk'f

t"dyÜm,f 266

yxryg#da'oeD 118

yxro[ao,sodu©myk'f 219

yx0DtrsKd;rsKd; 227

yx0DcPeygpdwf 213

yx0DcPe odu©myk'f 227

y'av;rsKd; 217

y'aom"r®ygpdwf 212

y'aom"r®odu©myk'f 217

y'aomü rSwfom;zG,f 217

yAÁmZeD,uH 147

yrmPouFef; (9)xnf 117

ya,m* (6)yg; 325

y&rmPkjrL 285

y&rÜ&abmZeodu©myk'f 261

y&rÜ&abmZOf 177

y&r®Kcted| 39

y&r®Kc0duyÜemjyKykH 320

y&du©&m&Spfyg; 208

y&du©m&apmV t"d|mefwifykH 63

y&dPwodu©myk'f 90

y&dPwodu©myk'f rSwfcsuf 353

y&dAÁmZuyg½kw 372

y&db@ 156

y&dbkaÍÆ,s 326

y&dr@vtmavmy

odu©my' 386

y&dr@ved0goe


y&dr@ved0goe'kuú#f 368

y&dr@vyg½kye'kuú#f 368

y&dr@vyg½kyeodu©myk'f

t"dyÜm,f 372

y&dr@v odu©my' 368

y&d0gof'Pfom;&[ef;

raqmufwnftyfaom

"kwif 440

y&Hrkc0duyÜemjyKykH 72

yv’w¬du tma,m*ywf

zGGJUjcif;ESpfrsKd; 382

yv’w¬du'kuú#f 380

yv’dw¬duedodEé'kuú#f 402

yv’dw¬du odu©my' 402

y0g&PmÚwåduH 203

y0g&dwESifh ty0g&dw 77

y0g&dwft*Fg ig;yg; 267

y0g&dwfroifhaom

tpm;tpmrsm; 270

y0g&dwfoifhNyD; abmZOfukd

okH;aqmifcGifh 268



y[m&odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f 346

ygpdwåd,tmywf 19

ygpdwftmywfoifhykH 303

ygpdwf 'kuú#f cGJjcm;csuf 236

yg#da'oeDtmywf 117

ygPESpfck txl; 326

ygwdarmu©ar'deDq&mawmf 163

ygwdarmufbmom#Dum

rSwfcsuf 113

ygwdarmufvm abmZOfrsm;175

yg'ku odu©my' 401

yg'kum½kV§'kuú#f 401

yg'kum½kV§ odu©myk'f

t"dyÜm,f 404

yged,w¬mvu'kuú#f 397

yged,xmvuodu©myk'f

t"dyÜm,f 399

yg&mZduPft|uxm

pum;&yf 32

ygouzvuH 156

ygVdum&uyg½kw 373

ygVdawmfvm tndKa&mif 150

ygVdawmfvm pum;&yfrsm; 31

yd|dor,acwf 83

yd@pm&du0wå 132

yd@ygwt& 173

yd@ygwf"kwif 434

yd@Kau©yu'kuú#f 393

yd@Kau©yu odu©my' 393

ydygoypö, 13

yk*Hjynf ukvm;usrif;

taMumif; 410

yk*¾vor®Kcwm 422

yk*¾dKvfxH pGefYenf; 21

ykpämar;u ajzcGifh& 224

ykÍÆyx0D 227ç 228

ykeyuú 200

ykeyuú'kuú#f 8

ykAÁya,m*'kuú#f 5

ykaAÁ tyÜ0g&dawm 81

yka& bwåç ypäm bwå 301

ylyESifh rE¦ rSwfzG,f 263

ayoknygpdwf 212

ayoknodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f 216

ayg#uDwlvvJ 106

ayg&mP0g' 330

yHokul"kwif 433

ydkifpdk;ydkifeif; 1

ydwfwkdzsifp (11)v t"d|mef

0duyÜemrjyKbJ xm;cGifh& 84

yefMum;tyfaom olrsm; 241

yefMum;yHkrsm; 242



yefcsmyDacgif;aygif; 406

yefajymyHk 359

jyefuyf&aom tavhtx

rSwfom;zG,f 288

jyefíokH;pGJcGifh r&aom

edó*¾dypönf;rsm; 187

««««« zzzzz »»»»»

zvbmZu 239

zm;atmufawm& 166

zdk;olawmf oDv&Sifrsm; 296

zuf&Gufa&mftqif; 16

zdwfxm;yHktrsKd;rsKd; 78

zdwf&mra&muf 81

azsmf&nftuyfcH owdjyK&ef183

azsmf&nfESifh aq;rsm;

a&m&mü oufwrf; 277

zsufqD;rI (3)rsKd; 339

ajz&Sif;í r&Ekdifaom oydwf 30

jzwftyfaom ouFef;ukd

cGifhjyKawmfrlykH 154

zGJUwkyfjcif;[lonf 96

««««« AAAAA »»»»»

AEë t& zGJUwkyfjcif;[lonf 96

Av*¾H 306

A[kokwtjzpf rSwf&ef 191

Am[EÅ 156

Am[kyÜpmvu'kuú# 377

Am[kyÜpmvu odu©my' 377

ADZ*grygwAs'kuú#f 9

ADZ*grç blw*gr 232

AkEdumA'änmifapmif; 240

Aswåy#dAv&[ef; 68

jA[®Pyg½kw 373

jA[®'@uH 203

««««« bbbbb »»»»»

b*E´Kdvfem 365

b@eç uv[ç 0d0g'gyEé 348

b@mpdk; 358

b@KuH 203

bwå*¾0wå 130

bwåKa'óu 239

b'ÉÅwdó&r[max&f 150

bmom#Dumq&mawmf

jyqkdaom ouFef;awmf

yrmP 163

bmom#DumrSwfcsuf 112

bdu©Kaem0g'u

t*Fg (8)yg; 253

bdod (= bkHvQKd zkH) 108



bðomyeodu©myk'f 313

bkÍÆrme'kuú# 392

bkÍÆrme odu©my' 392

bk&m;&Sift&yfawmf

A[kokwrSwf&ef 163

bk&m;&SifwkdYtm;aomfvnf;

oHk;aqmifxkdufaom

oydwf 30

bk&m;&Sif\ ouFef;awmf 113

bk&m;&Sifvufxuf

0w¬Kom"u 33

blw*grygwAs odu©myk'f 231

blw*gr0*f 230

blwma&mpeygpdwf 212

blwma&mpe


ab'euygpdwf 104

aboZÆcEüü cGifhjyKcsuf 191

aboZÆodu©myk'fESifh pyfí

rSwfzG,frsm; 49

abmZey#doH,kwå 400

abmZe0*f odu©myk'fq,fyg;

tusOf;csKyf 253

abmZOftrnfjzifh zdwfvQif-

vnf; *PabmZOf 260

abmZOf (5)yg; 175ç 258

««««« rrrrr »»»»»

rtyfqufqufwnf; 390

rtyfaom t0wfouFef; 152

rtyfaom ckdif;enf; 232ç 229

rZÑdr0¹uDwGufenf; 112

rZÑdroydwf 93

rZÑdarmruoydwf 93

rÍöyD|odu©myk'f 107ç 361

rPduP²Zmwf 79

rwupD0&'geor®KwduH 206

rwoEÅuoHCduausmif; 169

raem0davc 345

rESifxkwfxkdufaom

t*Fgig;yg; 127

rjyKtyfao;aom

Moom&PuH &Sdol 337

rjrJaom tmywf 417

ravsmufywfaom tusifh 297

ra0zefaumif;aom

*½kbPfypönf;rsm; 352

rom&uanmifapmif; 240

r[v’u0d[m&odu©myk'f 247

r[mtuyÜd,oydwf 28

r[maZ|uyg½kw 373

r[memrodu©myk'f

t"dyÜm,f 302



r[mypö&dt|uxm 28

r[mr@v 156

r[m&m[kavm0g'okwf 149

r[m0g aboZÆcE¨u 2

r[m0du#aq; 197

r[mor, 261

rmwk*grt& ,lykH 417

rdrd\ xifjrifcsuf 192

rdóuyx0D 227ç 228

rD;BudK 15

rkcESifh taEÅm 199

rkca00#du 39

rkcoEéd"d 199

rkom0g' 213

rkom0g'ygpdwf 212

rkom0g'odu©myk'f

t"dyÜm,f 213

rkom;qkdaom&[ef;tjypf

(7)yg;ESifh tmywf

(5)csuf 213

ar@u odu©myk'f 40

ar&, (5)rsKd; 309ç 311

armCokwå 156

arm[uH 341

]arm[uH}odkY wif&rnf 346

arm[euodu©myk'f 345

rkd;a&cHouFef; yrmP 82

refusnf;&GufMurf;

jynfyef;csKd&Guf 196

rmefwnf;[laom tarG; 140

rdef;rtazmfukdyg ,l&jcif;ESifh

]&a[m}t& ,lyHk 417

rdef;rtavmif;aumif 222

rdef;r[lorQukd ,l 417

rsufarSmuf0duyÜemjyKykH 262

jrif;o½kdufem 365

ajrmif;&SnfvTm 156

rSwfom; #Dum trdefYwnf; 418

rSwfom;zG,f A[kokwrsm; 286

««««« ,,,,, »»»»»

,ckumv tcJyg

pm;aeMuykH 52ç 192

,ckumv owdjyKzG,f 259

,xmoEÅwd"kwif 439

,xmoE¦KwH y&dPmarEÅd 352

,m*kbmZu 239

,me*w'kuú#f 402

,me odu©my' 402

,mrumvdu 181ç 179ç 272

,m0umvdu toD;BuD;

ukd;vkH; 180



,m0ZD0du 193ç 272

,m0ZD0dutjrpfrsm; 194

,m0ZD0dut&Gufrsm; 195

,m0ZD0dutoD;rsm; 194

,m0'w¬pD0& 60

a,bk,sodumorx 424

,if;EGm;EkdYonfvnf; rtyf 28

««««« &&&&& »»»»»

&weor® 359

&weodu©myk'f 46ç 357

&wem (10)yg; 22ç 357

&wemh*kPf&nfpmtkyf 163

&a[medoZÆodu©myk'f 300

&a[my#dpäEéodu©myk'f 299

&[ef;ç OD;yÍöif;

ac:wGifvmykH 331

&[ef;udk jyefvTwfyHk 297

&[ef;cH&uf wGufyHk 329

&[ef;ñTef uyÜd,

av;a,muf 37

&[ef;awmfwkdY\ wm0ef 41

&[ef;wpfyg;udk qGrf;cH

twlac:yHk 296

&[ef; rjzpfEkdif 330

&[ef; rjzpfaomfvnf;

tusKd;&Sd 330

&[ef; &mçaxmif tqifhqifh

tmywfoifh 328

&[ef;½l; 423

&[ef;a&m wrefyg rñTef-

tyfol ted'd|ESpfa,muf 39

&[ef;av;yg;wkdY cH,ljcif;-

onfom y"me 257

&[ef;oHCmrsm;tm;

rkefYa0zefykH 265

&mZodu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f 35

½ku©wlv 106ç 362

½ku©rl"kwif 437

½lyd,odu©myk'f 21

½lyd,oHa0g[m&odu©myk'f 23

½lyd,oHa0g[m&odu©myk'fvm

pGefYenf; 27

a&cJxnfhaom MuH&nf 186

a&pufcs&mü owdxm;&ef 43

a&ppf 209

a&ESifh a&maxG;rl tyf 411

½kd;½kd;om;om; ajymaom

pum; 222

&ifvTrf;obuf 62

&,fjrL;vdkaompdwf 311



a&S;½Ivnf;aqmif 282

a&SmufESifh oHyk&m 180

&SifapmwpfxGm rZfokH;xGm

&Sif;csuf 113

&Sif'umç &[ef;'um &Smay;-

olwdkY owdxm;&ef 390

a&TaiG tvSLcHrdaom &[ef;

owdxm;&ef 26

a&TaiGudk igwdkY vufrcH 35

a&TaiGcH,lol&[ef;\

pGefY&jcif;tusKd; 25

a&TaiGpGefY&jcif;tusKd; 25

a&TaiGpGefY&[ef; t*Fgig;yg; 25

a&TaiGESifhpyfí edó*¾dxdkufyHk 21

a&TaiGESifhpyfaom

edó*¾dypönf;rsm; pGefYykH 24

a&Tpnf;ckHapwDawmfBuD; 149

a&TykHBuD;uJhokdY 150

a&Tjymom'fBuD; 149

a&TavSBuD; 150

««««« vvvvv »»»»»

vZÆDESifh tvZÆD&[ef;rsm;-

twGuf qkH;jzwf&ef 418

vwmwlvvJ 106

vd*Femoe 339

vludkyif &[ef;cHay;-

aumif;ykH 331

av;q&mwdkYav; 89

av;vSpGmaom b@m 3

av; (4)rsKd; 401

vJvS,ftyfawmif; 24

vJvS,fzvS,frI jyKEdkifykH 3

vJokH;rsKd; 106ç 362

avmukwå&mw&m;

tm;avsmfaom tusifh 343

vufuwD;Mum; 15

vufaq;jcif;ç vufokwfjcif;

ponfwkdYüvnf; vufayGU

txrf; 16

vufzuf&nfMurf; 183

vufvdyfpyf 155

vkHjcHK&m t&yfukd ñTefjyyg 42

avsmufywfaom

tcg&Sdaom uH 69

vGwfvyfcGifh wpf&uf ykd&ykH 86

vSLjcif;vu©Pm 375

vSH\tvm; vuf0g;jyif 341

vSHESifhwlaom EIwf 214

avQmufxm;yHk ta&;BuD; 34

avQmufxm;&mü owdjyK&ef 34



««««« 00000 »»»»»

0*¾oHCm 352

0pöuk#d0wå 137

0ZD&Ak'd#Dum 388

0wåab' 46

0wåab''kuú#f 7

0w¬KESifh tmywf wGJajymrS 226

0óduom#duodu©myk'f 82

0gqkdouFef; 86

0gxyf&ufiifí

ESpfvxnfh,lMuykH 330

0g'txl; 321

0god (= yJcGyf "m;rwkd) 208

0goly*w 371ç 374

0duyÜemESpfck txl; 321

0duyÜemESpfrsKd; 70

0duyÜemjyefykH 71

0duyÜemjyKykH 178ç 185

0duyÜemjyKykH (2)rsKd; 318

0duyÜemjyK&jcif;tusKd; 319

0duyÜemodu©myk'f 69

0dumvü tmywfoifhyHkrsm; 273

0dumvabmZeodu©myk'f 271

0dumav *grya0oe

odu©myk'f t"dyÜm,f 359

0deE´u&ZÑK 156

0de,'kuú#f 5

0de,0dedpä,#Dum 374

0de,or®Kcwm 422

0dedpä,uxm jzpfaeqJç

jzpfwkef;[lonf 350

0denf;"kd&f tmedoif (5)yg;?

wpfenf; (11)yg; 343

0dyguEÅ&m, 335

0drwd#Dumtqdk 378ç 390

0drwd0daem'eD#Dum q&m 13

0davceygpdwf 340

0davceodu©myk'f 344

0d0¥ 156

0d0g'g"du½kPf; 327

0d[m&0w¬Ka'oemuH 205

0d[m& (3)rsKd; 169

0da[o 345

0da[ouuH wifykH 237

a0Xdw odu©my' 402

a0XdwoDo'kuú#f 402

a0XdwoDoó


a0[mouk#d


a0VK0ef0g;awm 167



0if&mt&yfOypm

xGuf&mt&yfOypm 245

0wfrausyGefaom wynfhukd

ESifxkwfykH 126

0wf½kHoifhaom ta&mif

(3)rsKd; 151

««««« ooooo »»»»»

ouAV'kuú#f 393

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U Sobana (4.8.2006) 3 · aemuf odu©mxyfuHtwGuf OyorÜ'g ur®0gpmukd zwfaomtcgüum; q&mawmf\...

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