8th Caribbean

Conference on

Comprehensive

Disaster

Management

Presenter: Christopher Gayle

ODPEM

Initiative came out of a framework

partnership agreement between Martinique

General Counsel and Jamaica (ODPEM)

Knowledge transfer from Martinique to

Jamaica (Technical Agencies, Melbrook

CDRM Group)

Implementation by partnership with Local

DRR partners (MGD,NSWMA,NWA)

Implementation under existing World Bank

Community Based Landslide Risk Reduction

project

Framework partnership agreement

to implement five projects : 1) Knowledge Transfer-Tyresoil Retaining Wall Technique 2) Earthquake Resistant retrofitting of buildings, 3) Cliff protection through dynamic screening, 4) Multi risks simulator, 5) Sharing of experience on communities’ evacuation techniques

+

Fact : Society produces waste in the form of tyres ((it is estimated that 35 Million in

France, 290Million in USA)

History : Tyresoil system developed by the Professor NGUYEN THANH LONG of the LCPC

(French research institute)

- 1978 : Beginning of the research and pilot projects

- 1993 : in 15 years >250 tyresoil works completed in several different countries (France, Algeria, USA, Switzerland, Brazil, Indonesia …)

- 1996 : First project completed by the Martinican General Council on Department Road 28 with PR3+500.

- After 1996 : Numerous works in Martinique, many of them completed by private individuals. No negative side effects known to this day.

Advantages : - Waste recycling

- Economical (tyresoil cost = 50% less than a traditional retaining method)

- Materials for this technique are easy to obtain : used tires are readily available

worldwide

- Multiple uses within different domains of civil engineering: retaining wall, light

backfill, energy absorber, pressure distributer, slope and bank protector…

TYRESOIL = the association of 2 elements : Tyre and the soil

•Tyre = 2 sides + 1 tread band

2 types of tyres :

* Trucks = Exterior diameter :1.10 m to 1.20 m

Interior diameter : 0.50 m to 0.60 m

Thickness : 0,26 m to 0,33 m

Mass : 40 to 70 Kg

* Cars = Exterior diameter : 0.60 m

Interior diameter : 0.30 m

Thickness : 0.12 m to 0.16m

* Soil = large range of soils, ideally pulverulent (= sandy) containing elements which must not be bigger

than 5 cm (to allow for efficient compacting)

Sides

Tread band

Type 1 = Light backfill and energy absorbers.

-Preserve empty space to reduce backfill mass

-Allow for Deformation for energy absorption

-Applicable for variety of infrastructure applications

Type 2 = Retaining tyresoil :

-Construct the densest wall possible, which will withstand upward and

downward pressure

-Internal resistance is obtained through layers of linked tyres.

-The top side of the tyre is cut out to allow for quick filling.

MELBROOK HEIGHTS JAMAICA

(Informal community with Regularized status)

•Coastal Limestone

•Variable poor alluvial

deposits such as sand, silt

and clays.

•Subject to rotational

failures •Slope stability is dependent

on soil strength particularly

cohesion

•Slope gradients ranging

from 0- 40°.

•Moderately steep slopes

(21-30°) accounting for

approximately 60% of the

community.

• Widespread

cutting into slopes

• Major landslides

• Houses threatened

• Rapid rate of

development

• Poor Construction

practices

Wall A (Road Protection)

•Dimension - 2.5mX2mX20m.

•Location: Scarp of Slide

•Estimated Tyres Required 990

Wall B (Slope Stabilization)

•Dimension 3mX4mX26m.

•Location: at the toe (base of landslide)

•Number of Rows: 21

•Estimated tyres required: 3360

•Contract Period: 20 working days

WALL A WALL B

Community Engagement/ Mobilization

-Encourage Ownership

-Encourage Sweat Equity

-Testing Community Skills Bank

Delivery of Tyres

-Sorted and delivered by National

Solid Waste Management Authority

-Unlimited supply

Uniform Laying out of Tyres

Tyre size: R14/ R15

Cutting of Rope

-Polyproplene Rope used (non

biodegradable)

-New method of cutting devised

Linkage of tyres

-Rope affixed to link layers

vertically and horizontally

-Special tie used to ensure

stability of wall

Compaction of Fill

-Fill compacted to achieve maximum

homogeneity of each layer

-Fill compacted using water to allow

for greater cohesion of particles

WALL B

WALL A

Number of walls built - 2

Total budget approximately 3 Million JAD

dollars

- Estimates for conventional Wall 15Million

JAD

Total Number of tyres used – 4600

Number of community members trained-

>20

ALGERIA FRANCE

Excellent case of Knowledge Transfer and Regional cooperation in DRR

Low cost mitigation interventions pay/ reduces risk exposure of vulnerable communities

Reinforces the importance of partnership in DRR

Provides platform for sharing DRR experiences with regional and international DM community.

Capacity of vulnerable communities strengthened

Technique to be packaged as part of ODPEM’s training suite.

Multiple opportunities for replication

- Member of Parliament/ Councillors

- NSWMA

- Parish Councils

- NGO’s