Types of Diabetes
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Transcript of Types of Diabetes
Learning objectives:
The learning objectives of this lesson is to:
• Understand the definition, causes, symptoms, risk factors of
type 1 Diabetes.
• Understand the definition, causes, symptoms, risk factors of
type 2 Diabetes.
• Understand the definition, causes, symptoms of Gestational
Diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes develops when the insulin-producing cells in the body have been destroyed and the body is unable to produce any insulin.
Waning signs ( symptoms ):
• Feeling more thirsty than usual• Dry mouth• Fruity breath• Frequent urination
As blood sugar levels remain high, type 1 diabetes often leads to:
Later Red flag:
Weight lossBigger appetiteLack of energy, drowsiness
Skin Problems:Many people with type 1 diabetes get uncomfortable skin conditions, including:
Bacterial infectionsFungal infectionsItching, dry skin, poor circulation
Dangerous Complications
When blood sugar isn't controlled, type 1 diabetes can cause
more serious symptoms, like:
• Numbness or tingling in the feet
• Blurred vision
• Low blood sugar (called hypoglycemia)
• Passing out
• If your blood sugar gets too high or too low, you could go into a
diabetic coma.
You may not have any warning signs before this happens. You
will need to get emergency treatment.
Risk factors for developing type 1 diabetes:
1- Family history: 2-6 % is the risk percentage of developing the
diseases in child who has a parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes
2- Autoimmune diseases:
Having an autoimmune disorders, such as thyroid disease and
celiac disease, raise the risk of type 1 diabetes.
3- History of childhood viruses:
Viruses that have been associated with type 1 diabetes as
environmental triggers include enteroviruses, adenovirus, rubella,
cytomegalovirus.
Having high blood sugar for a long time can damage many
of your body's systems. Type 1 diabetes can make you
more likely to have:
Heart disease and stroke
Kidney failure
Blindness or other problems seeing
Gum disease and tooth loss
As mentioned previously, In type 1 diabetes, your immune system destroys cells in your pancreas that make insulin.
In type 2 diabetes, develops when the insulin-producing cells in the body are unable to produce enough insulin, or when the insulin that is produced does not work properly.
The symptoms of the two forms are similar, but usually come on more quickly in people with type 1.
Type 1 vs. Type 2 Diabetes
Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes:
Type 2 diabetes can cause serious health complications. That's why is very important to know how to spot type 2 diabetes symptoms.
• Increased thirst
• Increased hunger (especially
after eating)
• Dry mouth
• Frequent urination
• Loss of consciousness (rare)
• Unexplained weight loss
(even though you are eating
and feel hungry)
• Fatigue (weak, tired feeling)
• Blurred vision
• Headaches
Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes
You have pre-diabetes
If diabetes runs in your family
You're not physically active
You're overweight
You're 45 or older
You are more likely to have type 2 diabetes if :
You've had heart disease
You have high blood pressure.
Your triglyceride level is high
You've had diabetes during
pregnancy before
Causes of Type 2 diabetes
When the pancreas does not produce any insulin.
When the pancreas produces very little insulin.
When the body does not respond appropriately to insulin, a
condition called "insulin resistance."
Gestational Diabetes
A condition characterized by high blood sugar
(glucose) levels that is first recognized during
pregnancy, but it usually disappears when the
pregnancy is over.
Cause:
During pregnancy, an organ called the placenta makes several
hormones. Some of these hormones make it hard for insulin to do its
job which is controlling blood sugar, so the mother's body has to
make more insulin to keep sugar levels in a safe range.
Gestational diabetes develops when the organ that makes insulin
(the pancreas), cannot make enough insulin to keep blood sugar
levels within a target range.
High blood sugar during pregnancy can cause your baby to grow
very large. That can lead to complications during delivery. The baby
could be born with low blood sugar, yellowish skin and eyes
(jaundice), breathing trouble, and other problems.
Symptoms:
Sometimes, a pregnant woman has been living with
diabetes without knowing it. If you have symptoms from
diabetes, they may include:
• Increased thirst.
• Increased urination.
• Increased hunger.
• Blurred vision.