Diabetes and Nutrition

By Joshua Sandolo

What is diabetes? The different types of diabetes Blood sugar levels Nutrition and Diabetes interactions

Glycemic Index What to eat when having diabetes?

Types of food

What will be discussed

Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood glucose, commonly called blood sugar (1). Diabetes means that there is too much glucose

in the blood.

What is Diabetes?

Different Types of Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (Juvenile diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes) Chronic condition in which the

pancreas does not produce insulin

Type 2 diabetes (adult onset or noninsulin-dependent diabetes) The body resist the effects of

insulin or the body doesn’t produce enough insulin.

All though there are other types of conditions of diabetes these are the most common.

Type 1 diabetes

Condition in which body does not produce insulin.

Is most commonly found in children and young adults.

Only 5% of people with diabetes have Type 1

Treatment include taking insulin, exercising, and making healthy nutritional choices (2).

Type 2 diabetes

The most common type of diabetes and can effect any age group.

Type 2 diabetes is caused by the bodies not producing enough insulin. This then caused elevated levels of glucose.

Treatment includes medications, making healthy nutritional choices, exercising, and controlling blood pressure (2).

Blood Sugar and Treatment

Blood Sugar In order to maintain diabetes

the body must be kept normal blood glucose level.

After eating a meal the blood sugar levels increase.

Fasting blood glucose <130 2 hours after meal a blood

glucose level of <180

Treatment Diabetes has to be treated

with insulin Type 1 is incurable Type 2 can be reversed

through healthy interventions (3)

16%

14%

13%

57%

Treatment with Insulin or Oral

medication in USAInsulin only

Insulin and oral medica-tion

Oral medica-tion only

No medica-tion

Glycemic Index

The glycemic index, or GI, measures how a carbohydrate-containing food raises blood glucose.  A food that is low in the

glycemic index would not raise the blood sugar levels as much as a food that is high in the glycemic index

Diet that is naturally rich in: Nutrients Low in fat and

calories Emphasis on fruits Vegetables Whole grains 

Healthy Eating Plan

Recommended Foods

Healthy FatsFishFiber Rich Foods

Simple Carbohydrat

es

Foods to Avoid

Cholesterol

Trans Fats

Dairy Products

Bibliography

1. Staff, Mayo Clinic. "Definition." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 31 Jan. 2013. Web. 22 Apr. 2013.

2. "National Diabetes InformationClearinghouse (NDIC)." Your Guide to Diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Apr. 2013.

3. Thompson, Tommy G. "Diabetes: A National Plan for Action." US Department of Health and Human Services (n.d.): n. pag.