TGE Gas Engineering GmbH

New Technology for LNG Vaporisation

Volker Brondke – Senior Process EngineerAndreas Hambuecker – Engineering ManagerH I l ki UK B h M i DiHarry Isalski – UK Branch Managing Director

Gastech 2009T d 26 h M

Storage / Terminals

Tuesday 26th May

Gas ProcessingPackage Plants

Introduction

• The current technologies for LNG vaporisation in an LNG Import Terminal

• Influences on selection of vaporiser type:• Influences on selection of vaporiser type:– Environmental issues: vapour emissions, chemicals for water

treatment & power usage– CAPEX for available vapourisation technologies– OPEX (utilities/auxiliaries)

Pl S i– Plot Space requirtements– Delivery times– Freezing of heating medium & operational flexibilityFreezing of heating medium & operational flexibility

• The TGE solution and its benefits.

The Import TerminalORV

ORV

BOG ABSORPTION& HP PUMPING

BOG COMPRESSION

ORV

SCV

SHIPUNLOADING

FUTURE

FUTURE

GAS METERING

&EXPORTFUTURE EXPORT

TRUCK LOADING FUTURE HP PUMPSTRUCK LOADING

VAPORISERS

KettleKettle-type Vaporiser ORV

VAPORISERS

Kettle

SCV Shell & Tube Ambient Air

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Arrangement of a Typical ORV

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Construction Aspects of ORVConcreteConcrete

Plot Space

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Aspects of ORV Operation

• The need for chlorination of the water to prevent marine growth.

• The need for de-chlorination before water discharge.• Land-based location due to uniform water distribution

requirements• A minimum water quantity of approx. 60% of design

t f fil f tiwater for film formation.• Limitation of use in case of cold water.

D f b h l • Deterioration of zinc coating system by heavy metal impurities and erosion by particles.

Arrangement of a Typical SCV EmissionsEmissions

Plot Space

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Aspects of SCV Operation

• Used when seawater is cold• High running costsHigh running costs.• Emissions of CO2, NOx , etc.• Requires Chemicals for Bath• Requires Chemicals for Bath.• Usually used as a back-up.• Similar types available in conventional water bath • Similar types available in conventional water bath

form. Used in smaller applications for industrial gases.g

Other, Ambient Medium Heating systemsSeawater basedSeawater-based

• Indirect Seawater Heating systems• Indirect Seawater Heating systems– Closed intermediate circuit, e.g. water glycol.

Higher CAPEX and OPEX relatively compact Higher CAPEX and OPEX, relatively compact, good for FSRU applications.

• Kettle-type Vaporisers, using propane as the Kettle type Vaporisers, using propane as the intermediate fluid.– Relatively large plot, significant propane y g p , g p p

inventory, high CAPEX.

Other, Ambient Medium Heating systemsAir basedAir-based

• Direct Air Heating systemsg y– Ambient Air Vaporisers (finned tubes)– Fan-assisted Ambient Air Vaporisers, high OPEX– Applicable for smaller terminals, can have fog issues,

low OPEX, produces clean water.– Require large plotRequire large plot.

• In-direct Air Heating systems– Use air to heat intermediate fluid which, vaporises LNG.w , v p– Can be complex, occupy large plot, high CAPEX

The TGE Concept

U S• Uses Seawater• Has pressurised propane circuit.

l d d h h • Utilises standard, proven pump, heat exchangers and controls.M d l• Modular.

• Small foot-print.C titi CAPEX ti t• Competitive CAPEX operating costs.

• Simplifies overall terminal design.

The TGE Concept -Process Flowscheme

The TGE Concept - Description

• Compact Heat Exchangers, laser welded plate typetype.

• Utilises a significant amount of direct heat transfer with a novel concept (Patent Pending)with a novel concept (Patent Pending)

• Standard low head propane pump.• Simple control system for easy start-up & Simple control system for easy start up &

operation.• Relatively low inventory of propane.y y p p

Injection Heater Mechanism

Injection Heater Assembly

Injection Heater Assembly

Injection Heater Assembly

Propane vapour Injection scheme into liquidLPG terminal in Spain, a TGE Project, 2002p , j ,

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Welded Plate Exchanger ConstructionWelded Plate Exchanger Construction

W ld d Pl t E h C t tiWelded Plate Exchanger Construction

e g LNG VaporizerNG Product

e.g. LNG Vaporizer

Propane Feed

Propane Outlet

LNG Feed

W ld d Pl t E h C t tiNumber of single plates welded together by

Welded Plate Exchanger Construction

1. port hole weld 2. girth weld

=

Single Plates Plate Packg

Wh w ld d l t h ?Why use welded plate exchangers?Consideration was given to several types of exchangers.

Plate Exchangers, incl. spiral plate.Not suitable, too many gaskets, low design pressure.

S i l d t bSpiral wound tube.High cost.

Etched plate (Heatric). p ( )Considered expensive. More prone to blockage.

Plate fin type AluminiumPlate fin type,AluminiumNot considered adequately robust for temperature swings.

Corrosion is an issue.Plate-fin, stainless steel.

No experience at high pressures.Not adequately robust for temperature changesNot adequately robust for temperature changes.

Wh w ld d l t h ?Why use welded plate exchangers?

Plate & Shell design advantages includeg gEffectiveness = more heat transfer per m2

Compactness = more heat transfer per m3 of skidoccupancyoccupancyWeight is much lowerReduced inventory of hydrocarbonsStrong mechanical integrityStrong mechanical integrityLeads to shorter skid build time and unit construction

Modular

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Modular

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Modular

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Modular

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Modular

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The TGE Concept - Advantages

• Eliminates need for electro-clorination and de-chlorination.R d d f • Reduced cost of water exit system.

• Can be designed for smaller water flows than an ORV ( l l )ORV (may require local acceptance)

• Shorter construction time due to modular concept.B tt t d h t i ti• Better turn-down characteristics.

• Greater tolerance to water impurities.C b l d fl f l• Can be located on a floating facility.

• Simpler maintenance.h h l l f h h h• High mechanical resilience of the heat exchangers.

The TGE Concept - Conclusions

This unit is relatively CAPEX cost neutral compared with other schemes.E h ll h d ff d b d Each site will have different needs must be examined to show applicability of the TGE solution.P t ti l i ill i l dPotential savings will include:

Reduced cost in exit water system, electrochlorination & dechlorination, reduced water flows in some cases.,Wider operating envelope for seawater temperatures, impurities and turndown.

d f d f fl f lHas definite advantages for floating facilities.

Thank you for your kind attention!Q estions?Questions?