Twinning water quality modelling in Latvia Helene Ejhed 2007-04-25.
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Transcript of Twinning water quality modelling in Latvia Helene Ejhed 2007-04-25.
Twinning water quality modelling in Latvia
Helene Ejhed 2007-04-25
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
Models basics choice
Model purpose
Model components
Resolution
Data requirements
Time and cost
Test a couple of models
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
Models choice
Monitoringpressure
stateimpact
Modelingpressure
stateimpact
response
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
Freeware vs commercial -aspects
Access
Support
Developments
Modules - Package
Cost
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
Identified concerns
Eutrophication
Dangerous substances
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
Hydrology models The HBV model (Bergström, 1976 and 1995; Lindström et al., 1997)
– is a conceptual, continuos, dynamic and distributed rainfall-runoff model. It provides daily values of spatial precipitation, snow accumulation and melt, soil moisture, groundwater level, and finally,runoff from every sub-basin, and routing through rivers and lakes. The model is calibrated and validated against observed time-series.
– included in TRK– widely used
SCS (Soil Concervation Service) model – calculates using flow transport factors dependent on landuse and soil type
which gives a "Curve number". Snow routine and monitored baseflow can be added. Daily data.
– included in SWAT and others for surface runoff– simple model
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
Models of Eutrophication
Purpose – to present good description of source apportionment (pressure) with resonable resolution to be able to give national overview of programmes of measures.
Complexity of models– Data requirements– User requirements– Parameter sensitivity
complex physical based model
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
Models systems Eutrophication
ex. TRK used on national scale in Sweden
– system of models in different modules: – HBV hydrology– SOILNDB N agricultural release– ICECREAM P agricultural release– HBV-NP retention– Point source calculations– Source apportionment system
ex. SWAT or INCA or Fyriså model or... - model package
ex. MIKESHE or CE-W2_QUAL - model package
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
EutrophicationModel systems - details
CE-QUAL-W2 is a two-dimensional water quality and hydrodynamic code
MIKESHE
Both have a detailed grid description of the catchment.
Detailed description of hydrology and retention in streams and lakes
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
EutrophicationModel systems – TRK N and P
Semidistributed description of the subcatchment
Detailed description of the agricultural process
Simple description of other diffuse sources
Detailed description of point sources on subcatchment
Description of hydrology
Decsription of retention
Applied on national scale in Sweden
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
EutrophicationModel systems – TRK N and PData requirements
General TRK: – Land cover data, soil texture data, Soil USDA class data, crop area,
phosphorus soil data, livestock density, runoff data from HBV, N deposition, leaching data from SOILNDB for arable land and leaching average data from long-term measurements regarding other land-use, point source position and discharge data, percentage of separate sewer for paved surfaces, rural household position and discharge, retention in %from HBV-N. Data are compiled at subcatchment level.
SOILNDB: – meteorological data, average soil organic matter, crop management
and yield, N fertilisation and manuring, N fixation rates in ley, deposition rates, non-existent crop sequence combinations.
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
EutrophicationModel systems – TRK N and PData requirements continued
HBV: subbasin division and coupling, altitude distribution, time-series of precipitation and temperature (time-series of observed water discharge at some site).
HBV-NP: results from HBV,SOILNDB and ICECREAMDB, crop and soil distribution, leaching concentrations from other land use, location and emissions from point sources and rural households, lake depths and atmospheric N deposition (time-series of observed riverine N concentrations in some site).
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
EutrophicationModel systems – TRK N and PData requirements continued
•ICECREAM – P agricultural model•requires phosphorous in soil,
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
EutrophicationModel systems –SWAT
SWAT is a continuous time model that operates on a daily time step at basin scale. The objective of such a model is to predict the long-term impacts in large basins of management and also timing of agricultural practices within a year (i.e., crop rotations, planting and harvest dates, irrigation, fertilizer, and pesticide application rates and timing).
Model system package
Detailed description of the landuse
Data requirement heavy
User requirement heavy
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
EutrophicationModel systems –INCA-P
for assessing the effects of multiple sources of phosphorus on the water quality and aquatic ecology in heterogeneous river systems. The Integrated catchments model for Phosphorus (INCA-P) is a process-based, mass balance model that simulates the phosphorus dynamics in both the plant/soil system and the stream.
model system package
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
EutrophicationModel - INCA
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
EutrophicationModel tests To be performed in Jelgava by Agricultural university in Latvia using
Fyriså model, and SOILNDB and ICECREAM 2007 – low financing
Comparison of HBV-NP, Fyriså model, conceptual models with process based models in lake Vänern in Sweden published in 2004 – similar performance in model
Fyriså model based on monthly based data.
Communicate with the above project
Start by applying the TRK and SWAT
Then test MIKESHE
Data requirements will decide usefulness
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
Dangerous substancesModels and processes
Desiscion support system – SOCOPSE.se
Recommendation of process
Chemical fate modeling – fugacity approach
Screening monitoring
MFA (Material Flow analysis) and LCA (Life Cycle Analysis)
QSAR modeling – for new substances
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
Toxic pressure
Sediment
WaterSoil
Vegetation
AirAerosols
Aquatic particles
Biota
Transport Processes and the use of Models
Occurrence and distribution of chemicals in different media
[Title][Lecturer], [Date]
Dangerous substancesModels and processes - QSAR
QSAR model is a relation between chemical structure and a property of the chemical compound. The features of a chemical structure are captured by so called chemical descriptors that can be of a number of different types.