TWENTIETH CENTURY: GERMANY

Unit 11

GERMAN WORD MEANING “LIVING SPACE.” THE NAZIS CLAIMED THE GERMAN PEOPLE DESERVED MORE ROOM TO EXPAND AND USED THIS

AS A JUSTIFICATION FOR INVADING NEIGHBORING NATIONS

Define the term “Lebensraum.”

#2

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

AFTER QUICKLY DEFEATING MOST OF WESTERN EUROPE, THE NAZIS LAUNCHED AN AERIAL ATTACK AGAINST GREAT BRITAIN IN 1940.

BELIEVING THAT THE BOMBING RAIDS WOULD FORCE ENGLAND'S SURRENDER, THE RAIDS, TARGETING BOTH MILITARY AND CIVILIAN

TARGETS, LASTED UNTIL 1941. THE BRITISH ARMY WITHSTOOD THE BRUTAL LUFTWAFFE

ASSAULT, AND HITLER SHELVED HIS PLAN FOR THE INVASION OF BRITAIN.

What is the Battle of Britain?

#3

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

IN 1923 THE NAZIS ATTEMPTED TO OVERTHROW THE

GOVERNMENT IN MUNICH. IT WAS A TOTAL FAILURE, AND HITLER

RECEIVED A BRIEF PRISON SENTENCE DURING WHICH TIME

HE WROTE MEIN KAMPF.

Define the term “Beer Hall Putsch”

#4

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

ON JUNE 6, 1944, U.S., CANADIAN, AND BRITISH

FORCES INVADED GERMANY HELD FRANCE AT

NORMANDY. IT WAS A DECISIVE ALLIED VICTORY.

Give significance to the term

“D-Day”

#5

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC MOVEMENT THAT EMPHASIZES NATIONALISM AND

MILITARISM WITH A STATE-CONTROLLED ECONOMY. FASCISM WAS LINKED TO

POLITICAL PARTIES THAT CONTROLLED GERMANY AND ITALY BEFORE AND DURING

WORLD WAR II . PERSONAL RIGHTS ARE LIMITED AND OBEDIENCE TO THE STATE IS

PARAMOUNT.

What is Fascism?

#6

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

FASCIST LEADER OF ITALY FROM 1922-45. ORIGINALLY A SOCIALIST, HE

WAS AN EARLY MEMBER OF THE BLACK SHIRTS, ITALY’S FASCIST

PARTY. HE LED THE OVERTHROW OF THE ITALIAN GOVERNMENT IN 1922

AND LED ITALY THROUGH WORLD WAR II. HE WAS ASSASSINATED IN 1945.

Who was Benito Mussolini?

#7

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

“NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASS,” OCCURRING IN NOVEMBER 1938. THIS MARKED THE BEGINNING

OF OVERLY VIOLENT NAZI ATTACKS AGAINST THE JEWISH

POPULATION IN GERMANY.

Define the term“Kristallnacht”

#8

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

THE PHRASE USED BY THE NAZIS FOR THEIR GOAL OF

EXTERMINATING ALL THE JEWS OF EUROPE. AN ESTIMATED 6

OF THE 11 MILLION EUROPEAN JEWS WERE MURDERED.

What was the “Final Solution?”

#9

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

AFTER WORLD WAR II, THE VICTORIOUS ALLIES CONVENED A MULTINATIONAL

JUDICIAL PANEL TO TRY NAZIS ACCUSED OF CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY. HELD IN

NUREMBERG, GERMANY, THE TRIALS LASTED FROM 1945-46. THE HIGHEST-RANKING NAZI TRIED WAS HERMANN GORING, WHO COMMITTED SUICIDE

BEFORE HIS DEATH SENTENCE COULD BE CARRIED OUT.

What were the “Nuremberg Trials?”

#10

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

CHURCHILL (1874-1965)HELD NUMEROUS GOVERNMENT OFFICES, BUT IS MOST FAMOUS FOR HIS SERVICE AS PRIME

MINISTER FROM 1940-45 AND 1951-55. HIS STIRRING SPEECHES AND REFUSAL TO SURRENDER DURING THE DARKEST

DAYS OF WWII INSPIRED THE FREE WORLD. HE ADVOCATED STRENGTHENING TIES BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND

BRITAIN.

Who is Winston Churchill?

#11

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

LED THE FRENCH ARMY AT VERDUN AND EVENTUALLY BECAME COMMANDER OF THE

FRENCH ARMIES. HE SERVED AS PRIME MINISTER IN 1940. WHEN GERMAN FORCES DEFEATED FRANCE, HE TOOK CONTROL OF

VICHY AREA IN 1942. BECAUSE OF HIS COOPERATION WITH THE NAZIS, HE WAS ARRESTED AND IMPRISONED UNTIL HIS

DEATH IN 1951.

Who was Henri Petain?

#12

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

AFTER THE MASSIVE DESTRUCTION IN EUROPE FOLLOWING WWII, THE UNITED STATES PROPOSED AN ECONOMIC PLAN

IN 1947 TO HELP RESTORE THE REGION. AID WAS PROVIDED TO ANY EUROPEAN NATION THAT PROMISED

COOPERATION (SOVIET-BLOC NATIONS DID NOT PARTICIPATE.) THE PLAN WAS

VERY SUCCESSFUL.

What was the Marshall Plan?

#13

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

THE WARSAW PACT WAS ESSENTIALLY THE RESPONSE OF THE USSR TO THE CREATION OF NATO. THE PACT BEGAN

IN 1955, WITH EUROPEAN COMMUNIST NATIONS PLEDGING

MUTUAL MILITARY SUPPORT TO ONE ANOTHER. IT ENDED WITH THE

COLLAPSE OF THE USSR IN 1991.

What was the Warsaw Pact?

#14

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

THE POLICY, BEGUN IN 1947, THAT THE UNITED STATES WOULD NOT

CHALLENGE EXISTING COMMUNIST NATIONS’ RIGHT TO EXIST, BUT

WOULD ACTIVELY AND MILITARILY OPPOSE ANY FURTHER EXPANSION OF

COMMUNIST. THIS POLICY OF CONTAINMENT WAS FOLLOWED FOR

DECADES.

What was the Truman Doctrine?

#15

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

TYPE OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH THE STATE IS IN ALMOST COMPLETE

CONTROL OF ITS CITIZENS’ LIVES. INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS ARE VIRTUALLY

NONEXISTENT; THE WELFARE OF THE STATE IS ALL-IMPORTANT.

STALIN AND HITLER ARE CONSIDERED TOTALITARIAN RULES.

Define the term “Totalitarianism”

#16

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

IN 1945, STALIN, CHURCHILL, AND FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT MET TO

DISCUSS POSTWAR ISSUES. STALIN WAS THE WINNER, GAINING A PRO-

SOVIET GOVERNMENT IN CHARGE OF POLAND, THE DIVISION OF GERMANY,

AND TERRITORY CONCESSIONS IN ASIA AS WELL.

What was the “Yalta Conference?”

#17

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

THE PHRASE, COINED BY WINSTON CHURCHILL, IN A 1946

SPEECH, REFERRED TO THE DANGERS OF THE INCREASING

SOVIET CONTROL AND DOMINATION OF EASTERN

EUROPE.

What does the term “Iron Curtain” refer to?

#18

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

DURING WWII, ALLIED LEADERS DECIDED TO ESTABLISH AN

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION DEVOTED TO PROMOTING PEACE.

THE UNITED NATION WAS FORMALLY ESTABLISH IN 1945.

What does the term “United Nations” refer

to?

#19

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

THE TERM MEANS “BURNT OFFERING” AND REFERS TO THE

NAZI EFFORT (1933-45) TO EXTERMINATE THE JEWS IN

EUROPE. OF THE 11 MILLION EUROPEAN JEWS, 6 MILLION

WERE MURDERED.

What was the Holocaust?

#20

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

AFTER WWII, BERLIN WAS DIVIDED INTO EASTERN AND WESTERN SECTORS, WITH THE USSR CONTROLLING THE EAST AND

BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND THE UNITED STATES CONTROLLING THE WEST. FROM

1948-49, THE SOVIETS USED A BLOCKADE AGAINST WEST BERLIN. HOWEVER,

WESTERN NATIONS USED AIRPLANES TO SUPPLE WEST BERLIN, AND USSR

EVENTUALLY CEASED THE BLOCKADE.

What does the “Berlin Airlift” refer to?

#21

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

IN 1936 THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR BEGAN, FRANCO LED THE FASCISTS, FIGHTING REPUBLICAN FORCES. IN

1939, THE FASCIST FORCES WON (WITH HELP FROM ITALY AND

GERMANY). FRANCO RULED UNTIL HIS DEATH IN 1975.

Who was General Francisco Franco?

#22

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

IN LATE 1937, JAPAN DEFEATED THE CHINESE CITY OF NANKING. CHINESE

CIVILIANS WERE BRUTALIZED, AND THOUSANDS WERE KILLED. THE

EVENT SHOCKED WESTERN POWERS AND CONTRIBUTED TO SANCTION

AGAINST JAPAN.

What was the Rape of Nanking?

#23

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

FORCED LABOR CAMPS SET UP BY STALIN IN EASTERN

RUSSIA. DISSIDENTS WERE SENT TO THE CAMPS, WHERE CONDITION WERE GENERALLY

BRUTAL. MILLIONS DIED.

Define the term “Gulags”

#24

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

STALIN’S ATTEMPT TO RAPIDLY MODERNIZE RUSSIA'S INDUSTRIAL

CAPACITY BEGAN IN 1928, WITH THE COLLECTIVIZATION OF FARMS AS A PART

OF THE PROCESS. RUSSIA’S HEAVY INDUSTRIAL CAPACITY DID INCREASE, BUT THE COLLECTIVIZATION CAUSED

MASSIVE UNREST AND VIOLENCE. THE SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN BEGAN IN 1933.

What was the Five Year Plan?

#25

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

ONE OF SEVERAL IMPORTANT PHYSICIST OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY WHOSE WORK LED TO

THE SPLITTING OF THE ATOM. HE ALSO WAS INSTRUMENTAL IN THE

MANHATTAN PROJECT (DEVELOPED OF THE ATOMIC BOMB).

Who was Enrico Fermi?

#26

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

NAZI PARAMILITARY GROUPS (ALSO CALLED EGS) THAT

OPERATED IN EASTERN EUROPE. THEIR GOAL WAS THE MURDER OF JEWS, COMMUNISTS, AND OTHERS

WHO OPPOSED GERMANY. MILLIONS WERE MURDERED.

Define the term “Einsatzgruppen”

#27

SHOW NEXT

MARK FOR REVIEW

Review

The End

REVIEWEND