TVL-AFA-ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
Transcript of TVL-AFA-ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
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TVL-AFA-ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
Perform Plant Care and Management
TVL-AFA- Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 4 – Module 1: Perform Plant Care and Management First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117 E-mail Address: [email protected]
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Rosie C. Baldelovar
Editors: Jonathan L. Bayaton
Reviewers: Eva May L. Baguio
Typesetter: Jonathan L. Bayaton
Layout Artist: Rosie C. Baldelovar
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Joelyza M. Arcilla, Ed. D. Maricel S. Rasid
Marcelo K. Palispis, Ed. D Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed. D.
Antonio B. Baguio, Jr., Ed. D.
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TVL Quarter 4 – Module 1:
Perform Plant Care and
Management
(Determine effective control measures on specific pests and
diseases found under the “pest, disease and weed management"
section of the PNS)
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This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the nature of Organic Agriculture. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in
which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you
are now using.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Generate ideas about different types of pests. 2. Initiate in showing ways on how insects damage plants. 3. Produce organic herbicides using available local materials.
4. Perform different methods of controlling insects.
What I Need to Know
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What I Know
Direction: Choose the correct letter that shows the correct answer and write your
answers in your notebook.
1. A method of controlling pest those are compatible with other control methods.
A. Biological control B. Cultural control
C. Mechanical control D. All of the above
2. Farm operations that are favorable to crop production but unfavorable to the pest.
A. Biological control
B. Cultural control C. Mechanical control
D. All of the above 3. It includes handpicking bagging, and trap crop.
A. Biological control B. Cultural control
C. Mechanical control D. All of the above
4. This method is discouraged in organic agriculture.
A. Cultural control B. Biological control
C. Mechanical control D. Chemical control
5. It controls bacterial wilt and fusarium wilt. A. Application of Lactic acid serum
B. OHN
C. Neem D. Luy-a luy-an
6. Acts as pesticides and fungicides against crawling insects. A. Application of Lactic Acid Serum
B. Application of Oriental Herbal Nutrient C. Neem
D. Tobacco
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Lesson
1 Perform Plant Care and
Management
Inside this module, you can generate ideas about different types of pests,
initiate in showing ways on how insects damage plants and you will be performing
different methods of controlling insects. Prepare and get ready for fun-filled
learning ahead.
What’s In
Briefly answer the questions below in your notebook.
1. Give at least 3 kinds of weeds that you know in your previous lesson?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What are different methods of controlling weeds?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Why it is always advisable to use organic methods of controlling weeds?
___________________________________________________________________________
What’s New
Controlling of Pests
Is the process of protecting and eradicating pests in the crop.
One of the best organic practices in controlling pests is by using attractants
made from boiled molasses and sugar, where you can put them inside the plastic
bottles and hang them 2-3 meters away from your plantation.
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What is It
Methods of Controlling Pest
1. Biological control 2. Cultural control
3. Mechanical or Physical Control
4. Chemical Control
1. Biological control -living organisms to suppress pest population.
Compatible with other control methods
Biological Control
a. Trichogramma b. Earwigs (see figure below)
c. Telenemus sp(see figure below)
d. Metarrhizium e. VAM – Vasicular Arbuscular Mychorriziae
Earwigs Telenemus sp
A. Parasitoid- attack eggs or larvae, parasitic during the immature stage, adults
are free-living, require a single host to complete its life cycle, and always kill the
host. Example: Trichogramma, Diadegma, Snellenius, Telenomus, Aphytis.
B. Predators-usually larger than their prey requires several preys to complete their
life cycle Example: Earwigs, Flower bug, Coccinellid beetles, lacewings.
C. Microbial pathogens-a pathogen usually defined as a microorganism that
causes or can cause damage in a host. Examples: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa,
and worms.
2. Cultural Control farm operations that are favorable to crop production but
unfavorable to the pest.
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A. Thorough land preparation-Plowing and harrowing expose insects and disease
inoculum and primarily reduces weed density.
1. Synchronized planting
a. The susceptible crop stage should not coincide with the pest population peak.
b. In rice, planting should not be delayed by 1 month.
2. Sanitation
a. Removal of all breeding sites and food sources
b. Removal of old leaves
3. Intercropping or multiple cropping
a. Intercropping with mungbean-flowers provides nectar to beneficial insects.
3. Mechanical or Physical control
a. Handpicking- feasible only if dealing with few plants.
b. Bagging- done to prevent fruit flies from laying eggs.
c. Trap crop- should be more preferred by the pest than the main crop. It should be
planted ahead of the main crop. Example: “kadyos” (tomato fruitworm).
d. Use of sex pheromone- female secret sex d. pheromones, also an important tool in pest monitoring and regulating the population. If males can be attracted by the
pheromone traps, fertilization will be greatly reduced.
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e. Light trapping - if adults will be trapped in UV lamps immediately after
emergence, insect pests are immediately killed.
f. Planting of herbs/repellent- insects use the sense of smell to locate their hosts,
and it has a different odor from the host.
Plant Insects and Pests
Deterred Plant Near
Asters Most insects Sunflower, plant around
the garden
Basil Flies and mosquitoes Tomato; avoid planting near rue
Borage Tomato worn, cabbage worms
Tomato, cabbage family crops, strawberry
Calendula Asparagus beetles,
tomato hornworms, most insects
All vegetables and herbs
Catnip Flea beetles,
spittlebugs, ants, Japanese beetles,
weevils
All vegetables
Celery White cabbage butterfly Leek, tomato, cabbage,
cauliflower, bush bean
Chrysanthemum
Most insects, nematodes, spider mites
Tomato; avoid planting near lettuce
Dead Nettle Potato bugs Potato
Eggplant Colorado potato beetle Green bean, lettuce
Flax (Linnum
usitatissimum)
Potato bugs Potato, carrot
Garlic Japanese beetle, aphids,
spider mites, other insects, and blight
Tomato, eggplant,
cabbage family plants; avoid planting near
peas, beans, and other legumes
Geranium Cabbageworms, corn
earworms, Japanese
beetles, most insects
Interplant with
vegetables, especially
cabbage
Horseradish Potato bug Potato, horseradish needs a permanent
home
Henbit Most insects
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Hyssop Cabbage moth Cabbage family,
orchards, grapevines; avoid planting near
radishes
Marigold Nearly all insects including Mexican bean
beetles and nematodes
Potato, tomato, pepper, eggplant, roses
Mint Cabbage moth and ants Cabbage, tomato
Mole plant (Euphorbia lathyrus)
Moles, gophers, mice Space around the
garden every 5 feet as a barrier
Nasturtium Aphids, squash bugs,
striped pumpkin beetles, whiteflies
Beans, cabbage family
plants, cucumber
Onion family Most pests, Colorado
potato beetles, carrot
rust flies, spider mites
Most vegetables except
peas, beans, sage
Petunia Bean pests, Mexican bean beetles, potato
bugs, squash bugs
Beans, squash, potato
Pot Marigold Asparagus beetles, tomato worms, general
garden pests
Asparagus, tomato, most vegetables
Peppermint White cabbage butterfly Cabbage
Radish Cucumber beetles,
squash borers
Beans, carrot,
cucumber, kohlrabi, parsnip, onion, squash
Rosemary Cabbage moth, bean
beetle, carrot fly
Beans, cabbage family
plants, carrot
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g. Attractant
• Naturally - Fermented Attractant
Rue Japanese beetle Avoid skin contact; do
not plant near cabbage family plants
Sage Cabbage moth, carrot fly Plant with perennial
vegetables; avoid planting with cucumbers and rue
Salsify Carrot fly Carrot family plants
Southernwood (Artemisia abrotanum)
Cabbage moth, black aphids Cabbage family plants or make a southernwood-
water solution to spray cabbage
Summer Savory Bean beetles Beans, onion
Tansy Flying insects, Japanese beetles,
striped cucumber beetles, squash bugs, ants
Squash, potato; avoid
planting near collard
Thyme Cabbage worm Eggplant, cabbage,
potato, tomato, almost all vegetables, and herbs
Tomato Asparagus beetle Asparagus, dill, borage
Wormwood (Artemisia
absinthium)
Carrot fly, white cabbage butterfly, black flea beetle
Do not plant wormwood in the vegetable garden,
but leaves used to make a spray will deter insects.
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* Sacrificial Plants
Example: Okra
h. Physical Structures- Provision of Net
4. Chemical Control - In organic agriculture, using of synthetic insecticides is
discouraged. Although it is efficient in controlling pests, it has a vast effect on the
soil.
A. Insecticide
B. Fungicides
C. Herbicides
Both organic and conventional farmers use pesticides but, for the most part,
organic growers use natural pesticides rather than synthetic chemicals.
Examples of organic pesticides are garlic, onions, tobacco water, sulfur sprays, and
many more.
Organically formulated for organic agriculture are the concoctions like fermented plant juice (FPJ), fermented fruit juice (FFJ), Oriental Herb Nutrient (OHN),
Indigenous Micro-Organisms, and many more. Natural attractants are an Organic
way of controlling pests and flying insects.
Effective Control Measures on Specific Pests “Management and Symptoms”
PESTS Symptoms Management
1.Cucurbit beetle ⚫ Adult’s gouge and
rasp fruit, especially smooth melons, and
damage may be worse on the shaded
undersides of fruit
contacting soil where
beetles congregate
◆ Monitor plants and
growing areas, including the growing medium, for
any signs of pests. ◆ Use baited traps early in
the season where
cucumber beetles are
known to be a problem.
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2.Leaffolder ⚫ Tubular folded leaves,
longitudinal and transparent whitish
streaks on damaged leaves,
⚫ leaf sometimes fastened to the basal
part of the leaf.
◆ Use resistant varieties.
◆ Crop rotation ◆ Avoid ratooning.
◆ Flood or plow the area after harvesting if
possible. ◆ Remove grassy weeds from
fields and borders.
◆ Reduce the density of planting.
◆ Use balanced fertilizer
rates
3. Leaf Broad mites
⚫ Leaf feeding
⚫ Dark brown edges at the base of young
leaves
◆ Pruning of old and
damaged leaves. ◆ Smudging or smoking
using rice straw, rice hull,
or sawdust. ◆ Spraying of botanical
insecticides like hot pepper, neem, or
kakawate extracts.
4. Shoot and fruit borer
⚫ Stems of a seedling
are cut. ⚫ Leaves look like a
skeleton.
⚫ Holes are made in the leaves.
⚫ Large holes are
present in the fruits
◆ Plow the field very well
after harvest and allow a fallow period to prevent
the laying of eggs and to
expose the larvae or deeply bury the pupa.
◆ Practice crop rotation ◆ Practice sanitation/clean
culture to eliminate weeds. ◆ Spraying botanicals (neem
kernel extracts)
5. Fruit worm
⚫ Presence of holes in
fruits ⚫ Yellowish in the color
of fruits
⚫ Leaf holes observed
◆ Collect and bury the
afflicted fruits and parts of the plants.
◆ Spray OHN
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What’s More
Use of ORGANIC INSECTICIDES, PESTICIDES, and BACTERICIDES
A. Application of Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN)
• Acts as pesticide and fungicide against crawling insects
• Controls powdery and downy mildew
B. APPLICATION OF LACTIC ACID SERUM
• Controls dumping off.
• Controls bacterial wilt and fusarium wilt
C. LUY-A LUYA-AN (wild ginger) ROOT
• BREW - for rice pests and vegetables.
• Crush 1 kg of Luy-a-luya-an and soak in water.
• Squeeze and get the juice.
• Dilute the extract to 1 gal of water and spray on rice and vegetable.
D. RED PEPPER, LEMONGRASS, AND AGDAO LEAVES EXTRACT
• Pound the red or hot pepper, agdao leaves, and lemongrass and extract the juice.
• Mix the extract and dilute 20 cc of the mixture to 4 liters of water.
• Spray on rice.
• This will be 87% effective against rice pests.
E. NEEM EXTRACT
• Effective against major pests such as worms, caterpillar, and black back moth in crucifers (cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, etc.)
• Crush neem fruit (green) and soak in water for a few hours; squeeze and extract the juice, dilute in water at the dilution rate of 1:4.
F. TOBACCO WATER BREW
• Boil chopped stems of tobacco to water just enough to submerge it.
• Cool and mix the brew with water at the ratio of 1:4.
• Spray on vegetables if pest attack is serious (Fatal in eggplant, tomato, and pepper).
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G. DERRIS POWDER – SOAP DECOCTIONS – (effective against ring borer of
citrus)
• Boil 120 grams of derris powder with 5 cups of rainwater add 300
grams finely chopped detergent soap, as the soap dissolves pour 4 gallons of rainwater.
• Strain and let it cool. Spray in the surroundings of the affected trees
during daytime.
What I Have Learned
A. There are methods of controlling pests: Biological control, cultural control, mechanical or physical control, and chemical control.
Direction: Produce your simple organic herbicides using available materials and
use them to control pests. Observe what happened, make an observation report, and submit it to your teacher.
1. Application of Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN). 2. Application of Lactic Acid Serum (LAS).
3. Luy-a luy-ayan (wild ginger) root. 4. Red pepper, lemongrass, and agdao leave extracts. 5.
Neem extract 6. Tobacco water brew
7. Debris powder-soap decoctions
Rubric
Criteria Equivalent Points
Content 50
Neatness of work 20
Required Elements (as stated above) 30
Total 100
What I Can Do
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Assessment
Direction: Read and understand the statement. Write the word TRUE if the
statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong, write your answers in
your notebook.
____________1. One of the examples of pest is the army worm. ____________2. Crop rotation prevents the multiplication of pests.
____________3. A large group of pests attacking people are in the form of animals. ____________4. Biological control is the use of other living organisms to control pest.
____________5. Cutworms may climb the plant and feed on foliage and fruit.
II. Direction: Supply the correct term that best describes the statement. Write
your answers in your notebook.
___________1. Living organisms to suppress pest population and it is compatible
with other control methods.
___________2. Acts as pesticide and fungicide against crawling insects.
___________3. Farm operations that is favorable to crop production but
unfavorable to the pest.
___________4. Controls bacterial wilt and fusarium wilt.
___________5. Organically formulated for organic agriculture.
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Assessment
1.TRUE
2.TRUE
3.FALSE
4.TRUE
5.TRUE
II.
1.BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
2.ORIENTAL HERBAL
NUTRIENT
3.CULTURAL CONTROL
4.LACTIC ACID SERUM
5.CONCOCTIONS AND
EXTRACTS
What I know
1.A
2.B
3.C
4.D
5.A
6.B
What’s In
-Answer may vary
Answer Key
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Text References
https://science.jrank.org/pages/4901/Organic-Farming-Organic-methods-
managing-pests.html
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=application+of+organic+fertilizer&FORM=
HDRSC2
https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=detailV2&ccid=H8MkQyAe&id=
Competency-Based Learning Material for Third Year Horticulture NC II Pages 120-
122.
https://harvesttotable.com/insect-deterrent_plants/
Images
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=Yellow+Cosmos+Plant&form=IRMHTS&fir
st=1&tsc=ImageBasicHove/=r
https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=sun%20flower&qs=n&form=QBIR&sp=-
1&pq=sun%20flower&sc=8-
10&cvid=6E0849FAE25549D48DF7BCD92720D4AB&first=1&tsc=ImageBasicHove
r
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117 Email Address: [email protected] Website: lrmds.depednodis.net