TUTORIAL

URBANO CANALIS 7

Contents

31.Introduction

42.Generating of DTM with Civil 3D

63.Definition of network

104.Review of the network

145.Editing of network

196.Longitudinal sections

247.Intersection analysis

338.Definition of pipe invert

419.Dynamic model

4510.Definition of catchment areas

4911.Calculation of rain flow

5112.Calculation of sanitary flows

5313.Calculation of total flows

5514.Hydraulic calculation

6015.Querying

6216.Definition of manholes/structures

6617.Definition of trench

7118.Calculation of excavation

7419.Manhole schemes

1. Introduction

This tutorial is created to explain the basic issues about software Urbano Canalis 7. The whole tutorial will be performed in the one drawing (00 Tutorial Initial.dwg). All the important steps in design of sewage network will be explained.

It is assumed that Civil 3D and Urbano 7 software family are correctly installed on computer. It is also assumed that the basic knowledge of AutoCAD and AutoCAD Civil 3D exists.

In the example, simple sewage network will be created. Terrain elevations in manholes will be calculated upon Civil 3D digital terrain model. The example drawing has 3D elements which are necessary to create DTM.

Network will be created upon helping elements (circles and polylines). All actions will be made according to prepared definitions and configurations (labels, table views, longitudinal sections). The creation of appropriate configurations will not be subject of this tutorial.

If tutorial is successfully repeated, the user will have basic knowledge about functioning of the software. Based on this knowledge, by using additional documentations and materials, user will be able to efficiently use the software.

Every important step will have appropriate drawing saved, so user can check if specific step is successfully repeated.

The whole tutorial example is consisting of following files:

00 Tutorial Initial.dwg

initial drawing

Clip Novi.tif

raster image which is background of example

Clip Novi.tfw

world file for raster, to correctly show raster

ApplicationRepository.xml

configurations stored in disk repository

Catalog_Trench.xml

catalog of pipe trenches

Catalog_IsManholeLabel.xmlcatalog of manhole labels in longitudinal sections

Catalog_manhole.xml

catalog of manholes

Catalog_pipe.xml

catalog of pipes

Catalog_UpperLayers.xml

catalog of upper layers

set of control drawings, which shows different steps in tutorial from 01 to 17

All *.XML files should be copied to install directory of Urbano 7. If you already did any customization such as defining your own manholes or pipes DO NOT use XML files. You will be able to repeat, in general, steps from tutorial with your own configurations. In general if any kinds of configurations are used in the drawing, they can be replaced with different configurations. It is not important to have exactly the same configurations like in description.

In the tutorial we will use the next abbreviations:

DC

double click with the mouse

RC

right click button with the mouse

2. Generating of DTM with Civil 3D

The drawing 00 Tutorial Initial.dwg should be open in Civil 3D with Urbano 7 profile (after installation you should have appropriate icon on desktop). When drawing is opened, type the command WS in the command line of Civil 3D, to activate Urbano Main WorkSpace. Main WorkSpace shows definition of sewage system with prepared configurations for previews, labels, thematic maps, styles and longitudinal sections. The screen should look like bellow:

To show all elements for DTM switch on all the layers which has prefix DTM. Start if necessary Civil 3D Toolspace and create surface from shown elements. DTM should be created from 3D points and 3D lines (option Drawing Objects). Additionally the breaklines can be generated from the line elements which are on layers DTM_road, DTM_building_area and DTM_fill.

After creating of Civil 3D DTM and moving to 3D view the drawing should look like picture bellow:

The drawing with Civil 3D DTM created is saved under name 01 DTM.dwg.

3. Definition of network

Switch off all DTM layers and switch on the layer 1_Helping_Points. After that the next picture will appear:

In the example, 5 channels (arrays) will be created. The main one has to follow the yellow circles numbered from the point (circle) 1 to point 13. Three channels (yellow, cyan and magenta) will be created interactively. Additional two channels will be created by conversion from drawn polylines (yellow ones).

Start the interactive definition of the network from the Main WorkSpace (Draw (RC)->Draw Network System). The property window should appear. In the property window, part Labels, select for the Nodes label 1 Name Terrain, and for Sections label L Direction. The property list should look like:

Pick the button Draw and start the network drawing. The first channel should start from the point 1 down to point 7. Program shows the tooltip with the length of the section. It is not necessary to pick exactly in the center of the circle. Circles are placed approximately.

Node/manhole at point 7 (connection with the polyline from the right) has to be connected precisely by using Osnap End or Osnap Center option. The same should be performed at point 11 and connection with the second polyline. When channel is created, zoom in to inspect the node and section labels. The created channel should be similar like in bellow picture.

Repeat the same procedure (just pick on Draw button in property list) for the channel which will follow the cyan points (from 1 to 8 with the connection to main channel at point 3). With the ENTER key finish the definition of the first channel.

Pick first two or three points and from property list, part Draw, activate option for Constant section length. Choose one of the offered values (40 or 80), or just type the new value (for example 30). When the new position of the node should be defined, with dragging of the mouse, segments of defined length will appear. Draw few sections. It is not important if node positions are not exactly on defined circles. Switch off, in the property list, option for Constant section length, and continue to define nodes of second channel. When approaching the connection with the main channel (point 3), the yellow circle around node 3 of the main channel will appear. Just pick close to point 3 and program will make appropriate connection to the main channel. With the ENTER key finish the definition of second channel.

Start the drawing of the third channel (magenta points). Before drawing, in the property list, under section Draw, activate the option Draw direction, and choose option Opposite of flow direction. Start the definition of channel from the point 5 of main channel to magenta point 1, and continue until reach point 8. Close the Draw network system property list

After definition of three channels the drawing should look like:

Now it is necessary to create the parts of the network from AutoCAD polylines (yellow ones). From the WorkSpace pick on button New and select the option Conversion from AutoCAD elements, as shown on next picture:

With the button Select drawing elements select two yellow polylines which start/end at the points 7 and 11 of the main channel. Pick the button Convert and additional channels are added to existing network, as shown on bellow picture:

Defined network can be compared with the drawing 02 Network.dwg4. Review of the network

When the sewage network is defined and created it is possible to inspect the topology and geometry through Previews (Table Views). It is possible to create arbitrary different table views. In the example there are two basic table views defined. One is for the sections and the second one is for nodes/manholes.

Start the table view for the sections (Previews -> Sections -> 0 Section Geometry) by double click from the Workspace. The table with the data about sections should appear, like in bellow picture:

In the table view it is possible to inspect all elements of the network. For a while only columns with Name, Section length, Starting and Ending node are filled. Later on, when pipe invert will be defined and diameters calculated, the table view will show all the data.

It is possible to perform lot of actions inside of table view. First of all it is possible, by using usual Windows techniques (Pick, Shift+Pick, Ctrl+Pick, Ctrl+Shift+Pick) select one or more records (rows) in the table views. If Right click is performed, there are additional options available, like Select all, Copy Selected and so on.

In the next picture there is explanation of all buttons and possible actions for table view:

Recapitulation

First of all, we would like to know how long is drawn network and how many pipes are in the network. Inside of table view press Right Click (RC) and choose option Select All. Again press RC and choose Recapitulation Summary. The yellow balloon appears which shows that system is 1660 m long and that has 41 pipes (the result can vary in your example). If we do not select the whole network, but just some part of it, recapitulation will give the summary just for selected part.

Transferring the data to other Windows application

Content of any table view can be easily transferred to any Windows application. In the active table view press RC, Select All, RC, Copy selected. Start Excel, RC and Paste. Instead of Excel, another Windows application can be chosen.

Sorting of elements in table view

Table view can be sorted according to any numerical value. For example we will sort table view according to length of the sections. Sorting is performed by simply clicking on column names in the table view. Pick on Section Length and sections will be sorted according to their length. If you click once again, sorting will be performed in reverse order.

Zooming to selected elements in the drawing

If some elements need to be better viewed in the drawing, it is very simple to do it. Appropriate element (row) in the table should be selected (or more than one) and zoom icon should be picked. The table view will temporarily disappear, selected element(s) will be shown and table view will reappear after ENTER. Zoom scale can be changed to proper value (current one is 1.5).

Selecting parts of the network in table view

By default, when table view is initially started, all elements of the network are shown. To better inspect some parts of the network it is necessary to restrict number of elements which are shown inside of table view. It can be done by Topology Selection Button.

When that button is picked, the pop-down list is opened, from which different options are available. It is possible to select one or more channels/arrays, one or more branches, current system (the whole system) or to use AutoCAD selection.

Select the option of Array and pick in the drawing close to main channel (that one which is defined the first). Table view will show just sections of that channel. Use different options of selecting different parts of the network. Default table view, with all elements in the system, can be achieved by using option Current System.

Applying of different style

In the Urbano it is possible to define arbitrary number of styles. Styles can be used to emphasize some elements of the system (as result of some query or similar). In the drawing there are two styles defined, one for the sections (Yellow Thick) and one for the nodes (Yellow Circle).

Let's say that we would like to emphasize the 5 longest sections in the drawing. Firstly sort the table view according to length (Section length), select the first 5 sections, from the Style pop-down list choose Yellow Thick and start the brush icon right to style list. The table view will temporary disappear and selected sections are colored by thick yellow line. With the ENTER key table will appear again. Style can be erased with the appropriate button right to previous button or from the Workspace later on.

Showing of table view as AutoCAD table

Any table view can be transferred to AutoCAD drawing area by using well known AutoCAD table. Start the appropriate table view, select just main channel with Topology Selection Button (option Array) and pick icon for table definition in the table view. Choose table style StudioARS_1. After that it is necessary to define the position of the table in the drawing.

Table with all values appears in the drawing area, like in picture:

Start the preview for the nodes and repeat some or all actions which are described for table view of the sections.

5. Editing of network

Drawn network can be modified with a lot algorithms and procedures. All necessary modifications can be performed with intelligent procedures.

It is not possible to use plain AutoCAD command for modification of the network. Only Urbano commands can be used.

Editing functions are divided according to topology elements. Topology in Urbano is organized through following elements: nodes, sections, arrays, branches and systems.

Nodes are basically manholes in sewage system. Sections represents pipe which connects two manholes. Branch is sequence of sections from the beginning/end to junction of three or more pipes. Arrays represent channels (sequence of branches). The system is overall definition of the network.

Much more about topology in Urbano can be read from separate document.

Changing the names of the arrays

In the editing we will do just some basic operations. First of all we will change the names of arrays and nodes. To see existing array names we will start theme mappings according to arrays. Start appropriate configuration of thematic mapping Arrays (Theme mappings -> Sections -> Arrays (DC)).

On the dialog switch on the option for definition of legend position, and press Show. Position the legend on appropriate place. The picture should look like bellow:

Program colored the network elements according to array/channel definition. The array names are generic ones and we would like to change those names.

RC on Editing in Workspace and pick on Edit Arrays. The next dialog appears:

From the pop-down list of Edit mode select Rename option. With Arrays selection button select from the drawing main channel which has name A0 the channel which we drew the first (the red one on previous picture -colors and names can vary in your example). Selection is performed by simply clicking close to the channel. For the new name type MAIN. Repeat the procedure for all other channels/arrays. The three channels on the right side, rename to R1, R2 and R3. The fourth channel should have the name L1. After renaming start again thematic mapping according to arrays, to see the difference (drawing was not update automatically). Drawing should look like bellow:

Changing the node names

When network was initially defined, program automatically created the node names. To change the node names there are special functions in the software. Start editing of nodes by RC on Editing in Workspace, and choose Edit nodes.

Changing the node names can be performed in different ways. It is possible to change the names node by node interactively or use some automatic ways of renaming. You should select the option Rename-by arrays/branches. That option is very convenient and frequently used in sewage design. Node names will be created with the prefix of channel name and counter.

With Topology Selection Button choose Current System. Be sure that option Arrays (Names by branches/arrays) is selected. In the list of array names, select array MAIN and with the button Move UP on the right side, move it to the first position. In the Prefix edit box type sign @ and point .. That means that the name of every node will be created of array name, dot and counter. Press the button Set parameters (on the right side of edit box which defining prefixes and suffixes). The dialog should look like:

After button Apply is pressed, program automatically changes all the node names. In the drawing, zoom in, and inspect how the labels of nodes are updated, as shown on bellow picture:

Erasing of network elements

If necessary, functions for erasing of any network element are available. It is possible to erase nodes, sections, branches or arrays. It is not permitted to erase network elements by AutoCAD Erase command.

We will erase some elements in the array/channel L1. The command for editing of nodes should be started (Pick Editing in Workspace -> RC->Edit nodes). From the top pop-down list select Erase. From Topology Selection Button, select the option Node and then in the drawing, select the node L1.3 (third node on channel L1). In the erase mode options, activate option Erase outlet section. After applying, node L1.3 is erased and nodes L1.2 and L1.4 are connected by single section. Erasing of the nodes can be repeated or more than one node can be selected.

Start from the Workspace command for editing of sections (Editing (RC) -> Edit Sections). From the top pop-down list select action Erase. Open Topology Selection Button, select option Multiple Sections, and from the drawing select the first two sections of the channel L1. Be sure that option Do not erase nodes is switched off. After applying, selected sections are erased, together with free nodes which belong to erased sections only (nodes which will not be connected to any section if sections are erased)

Start the command for editing of arrays (Workspace ->Editing (RC) -> Edit arrays). From the top pop-down list select action Erase. With the button Array select, select the array L1 (the three sections which remained). Be sure that option Do not erase nodes is switched off. After applying the whole L1 array is erased.

Start thematic mapping to update the legend (it is not done automatically). After editing the picture should be like:

That drawing is saved under name 03 Modified Network.dwg.

6. Longitudinal sections

Calculation of node terrain elevations

When the basic network is defined it is possible to calculate terrain elevations in the manholes and draw longitudinal sections.

In the beginning of the tutorial we defined DTM with Civil 3D. Calculation of terrain elevations will be based on defined DTM. Start the command for calculation of terrain elevations (Workspace -> Input data (RC) -> Terrain height). There are several options to calculate terrain elevation. From the top pop-down list select the option Using digital terrain model. From Topology Selection Button select option Current system. To use appropriate DTM select from available options, Civil 3D 2010. In the pop down list, beneath to DTM program, already defined DTM should appear (the name of the surface which you defined with Civil 3D). Switch on option for Create additional points automatically. Press the button Save. After that terrain elevations are calculated in all nodes/manholes of the network.

Dialog should look like:

If zoom in to the drawing, it is visible that node labels show appropriate terrain elevations:

If we start the preview for the nodes, 0 Nodes Geometry (Workspace -> Previews -> Section Nodes -> 0 Nodes Geometry (DC)), we can see that all the nodes have terrain elevation.

Drawing of longitudinal sections

When network is defined and terrain elevations are calculated it is possible to draw longitudinal sections. Start the drawing of longitudinal sections by using predefined longitudinal section configuration Sewage 500/100 (Workspace ->Long Sections -> Sewage 500/100 (DC)). When configuration is started the following dialog appears:

By using Topology Selection Button select Current system. All other option define as in previous picture. Press the button Draw and choose appropriate position of longitudinal sections. Longitudinal sections should be drawn, as shown on next picture:

Longitudinal sections are drawn upon channel definition. That assumption can be easily avoided if necessary. On the dialog for drawing of longitudinal sections, open Topology Selection Button and select option From node to node. Select then the first node of channel R1 (R1.1) and move the mouse along the channel R1 to main channel (MAIN). Then move the mouse to the end of main channel (MAIN) to the node MAIN.13. When mouse moves, program automatically calculates the defined path and shows it in the tooltip. When reach the last node of main channel, pick on it and press Enter. On the dialog of longitudinal section should be new record in the area of selected longitudinal sections. Press button Draw and position the longitudinal section somewhere in the drawing. You will have the fifth longitudinal section which is little bit longer than previous ones.

On bellow picture all the longitudinal sections are shown:

Drawn longitudinal sections cannot be erased with the plain AutoCAD commands. For such purposes command for managing of longitudinal sections should be used. Start the command Workspace ->Tools (RC) -> Longitudinal section manager. The following dialog appears:

First of all, it is necessary to select longitudinal sections. It is possible to do it in a two ways. The first one is to pick in the list on specific longitudinal section(s). Use usual Windows keys to make multiple selections (Ctrl, Shift+Ctrl, Ctrl-A, ...). If we are not sure for the name of section, we can select appropriate sections from the drawing, with appropriate button (Button for selecting profiles), on the right side of dialog.

Select the last drawn section (R1.1 MAIN.13) and erase it with appropriate button.

The drawing with longitudinal sections is saved under name 04 Longitudinal Sections.dwg.

7. Intersection analysis

Very often the line of new infrastructure should cross existing infrastructure of the same or different type. For example new sewage pipe should be laid down below existing water or gas pipe. There are some rules which define necessary positions of different infrastructures. For example sewage pipe should be below the water pipe, gas and sewage should be on enough distance and so on. Of course, pipes cannot cross each other.

For such kind of analysis Urbano software offers intersection analysis. We will analyze position of drawn sewage pipe with water distribution pipe.

First of all, to emphasize important issues, please simplify existing drawing. Erase thematic mapping if exists, by RC on Theme mappings in the panel and select erasing (Theme mappings (RC)->Remove theme mappings (configuration stays intact)). Erase all the labels in the drawing (Labels (Network topology) (RC)-> Remove labels from drawing (label configuration stay intact)).

Create new water distribution system. Click on the panel, in disk repository (below part of panel), on item System templates Water. Press RC and select option Create system based on this template. Program creates new system, which will be used for water distribution.

Urbano software can operate with multiple systems. In one moment only one system can be current. Right now we have two systems, one for sewage and the second one for water distribution. Switching between systems is made by pop-down list on the top of the panel. Right now the system Water is active and current. If system Sewage is selected, from the pop down list on the top, we will make Sewage active. Make Water active.

When new system is created, the new group of the layers is created. Lets make some changes in layer definition. Open AutoCAD layer control. You can see the new group of the layers which names start with Water_. Select layer Water_AT_Sections_3, which is of red color, and change color to blue color (5). Change Lineweight for the same layer to thick one (0.3).

Inside of layer dialog switch on the layer 1_water. Close the layer dialog.

Close to drawn sewage system of red color, the cyan polylines appears which show the position of water distribution pipe. Now we will pass through procedure of defining water distribution system with all necessary parameters.

1. Definition of the network. Be sure that Water system is active. Start command for converting of AutoCAD lines/polylines to network topology, according to below picture:

Start command Conversion of AutoCAD elements, and from dialog which appears select the two cyan polylines (button Select drawing elements), which are close to sewage system. After the operation the next picture is shown:

2. Terrain elevation. According to Civil 3D DTM created in chapter 2, terrain elevations in the nodes should be calculated. From the panel start the definition of terrain elevations (Input data (RC) -> Set terrain elevation). Input type should be Using digital terrain model. From Topology selection button, select the current system, source of DTM should be Civil 3D 2010, and surface Test. Check the option for creating of additional points, and press button Save. The dialog should be like:

3. Pipe invert level. It is usual that pipe depth of water distribution system is defined on constant value. Start the definition of the pipe invert from the panel (Input data (RC) -> Level line elevation). From the dialog, in the upper part select option Constant depth below terrain. Define that level line position is upper outer point (that means that the highest point of pipeline is 1.2 m below terrain). Define Depth below terrain as 1.2. From Topology selection button select the current system and press the button Save. Dialog should look like:

4. Diameter definition. We will simply, without any calculation (lets say that water distribution system already exists), define one single diameter for the whole water network. From the panel start command for pipe definition Input data (RC) ->Pipes. Input type should be All, pipe group select W_PEHD_PE80_PN6, and for diameter select 90 mm (NO 90 PEHD_PE80_PN6_90). From Topology selection button select the Current system and press the button Save. All diameters are defined. The dialog should look like:

Through 4 steps, which are described, we defined all important and necessary data for the water distribution systems. The geometry and topology is defined from AutoCAD polylines, terrain elevations from Civil 3D DTM, pipe elevations are defined on constant depth and one diameter (90 mm) is defined for the whole system.

Start table views to check all the data or labeling to see values in the nodes and sections. All actions are always applied on current system.

To check if all the data are correctly defined, draw the longitudinal sections for the whole water distribution network. Start the drawing of sections from the panel Long Sections -> Water 500/100 (DC), select the whole system and draw three channels in a one column right to already drawn sewage longitudinal sections, as shown on below picture:

The whole idea of that example is to calculate crosses between sewage and water distribution system. Before definition of pipe invert of sewage system, we would like to have water pipes drawn in the longitudinal section of sewage system. Water pipes should be drawn on correct position (elevation, station) in longitudinal sections, so when we would like to define sewage pipe invert, we will have information about existing water pipes. With that information we can successfully avoid clashes.

To calculate intersections the appropriate command from the panel should be started. Make sewage system active. Start the command Draw (RC) -> Draw intersection points. Dialog for intersections appears. System which will be intersected is Sewage. System which will intersect is Water (choose it from pop-down list). Intersection label will be 3 Intersection. The dialog should look like:

When the button Draw is pressed, program calculates all intersections between two systems (sewage and water), and label them with available data. The picture is like below:

Intersections are calculated on every cross between sewage (red color) and water (blue color). Label shows only terrain elevation on that position and difference between pipe invert of water and sewage. Because sewage pipe invert is still not defined Ld value basically shows only depth of pipe invert of water (top of the water pipe). Later on, when sewage pipe is defined with pipe invert and diameter, the label will show physical distance between pipes. That distance will be base for analyzing if infrastructures are crossed on correct distance.

In the same moment in longitudinal sections of sewage, crossing water pipes are drawn, as shown on below picture:

The detail view of one pipe is shown on below picture

Now we have conditions for effective definition of pipe invert level of sewage system. To emphasize the sewage system, the water system should be invisible. Press the button of light bulb on the top of panel, to make water system invisible, as shown on below picture

Make the sewage system current (from pop down list on the top of the panel). The drawing is saved under name 5 Intersections.dwg.

8. Definition of pipe invert

In Urbano Canalis we use in the same time terms pipe level line and pipe invert. Pipe level line can be any point in cross section of the pipe as shown on below picture:

Because Urbano should serve all pipe infrastructure objects, any possible idealization of the pipe by one line is possible. Bottom inner level line corresponds to pipe invert.

Pipe invert line can be defined in many ways. It is possible to define it interactively, by constant depth, or by setting elevation/depth.

All the possibilities are available through the command, Draw level line in longitudinal section, which can be found in Workspace ->Long Sections (RC)-> Draw level line in longitudinal section.

When the command is started, select from upper pop-down list method of defining level line. Select option Depth below terrain. After that from the bellow pop-down list select longitudinal section on which definition of level line should be made. Select the longitudinal section R1. Selection can be done from pop-down list or by using button for interactive selection. All the defined options are visible from the bellow picture:

Level line can be selected, just for one part of longitudinal section, from the beginning to the ending station. Leave the limiting stations as they are, from the begin to the end of the selected profile. Define the depth as 2 m. Pick in the drawing area to see drawn level line.

Zoom in longitudinal section R1 and see position of the sewage pipe invert concerning water pipes which cross the sewage pipe. It is visible that pipe invert of sewage is below the water pipes. Later on when diameters will be calculated, the real distance between sewage and water pipes can be inspected.

Repeat the procedure of pipe invert definition on constant depth for the longitudinal section R3 (select profile R3 and apply level line definition on depth of 2 m by Draw).

For the longitudinal section of the channel MAIN, we will interactively define pipe invert level. If the dialog is not active, start the command for definition of pipe invert level in longitudinal section (Workspace ->Long Sections (RC)-> Draw level line in longitudinal section). In the dialog, from the top pop-down list select the option Interactive-2. With the button for interactive selection of longitudinal section, select longitudinal section Main. The dialog should look like:

For the slope unit select the sign promile(). When defining the slope, slope will be changed with the step of 5. Additionally, to better define the vertical position of the pipe invert, two lines (parallels to terrain) can be shown. The first one is to indicate minimum depth, and the second one maximum depth. Those lines do not put any restrictions, just give information. Start the definition of the pipe invert by picking on the beginning of the longitudinal section (station 0+00.00), node Main.1.

Program always snap to the closest vertical line manhole/node. When the line is dragged, the tooltip shows all relevant information (Terrain elevation, Level line elevation, Level line depth, Slope). Slope is changed by the step of 5 (defined in dialog). Pick consecutively appropriate positions of the pipe invert, until reach the end. Take care that position of invert is below the water pipes which are drawn in longitudinal section.

Repeat the procedure for the longitudinal section R2. After definition the picture is like below:

Initial definition of pipe invert level can be modified if necessary. For editing of pipe invert in longitudinal sections, there is special command (Long sections (RC)-> Edit level line in longitudinal section). Start the command. There are lot of actions which can be made with that command.

Pipe invert cannot be modified by using AutoCAD commands.

Through the command it is possible to delete part or whole level line, to straighten the level line (when level line is initially defined on constant depth below terrain, it is usual to straighten some parts), to insert cascade manholes, to move nodes of level line and so on.

We will change the vertical position of some nodes. From the upper pop down list select option Move level line node. Select longitudinal section MAIN.

When one node of level line is to be moved, question is how many nodes on the left and on the right will be moved together. The simplest case is that neighboring nodes are fixed and that only middle node is moved (case 1). But, also it is possible to move more than one node together with the move of one node (case 2). Basically, there is question of fixed nodes. Those two cases are shown on below picture:

In case 1, yellow and magenta vertical lines (A and C) are positioned on neighboring nodes to node which should be vertically moved (red line B). Node should be moved from the position p1 to position p2. In the second case fixed nodes are moved more outer, and neighboring nodes to node B will be moved also, according to distance to fixed nodes (A and C).

In the command for editing of the nodes, yellow and magenta lines should be carefully placed on appropriate node (A and C). We will try to move node Main.6, and define that fixed node are nodes Main.5 and Main.7. Yellow line should be on Main.5 and magenta on Main.7 .In the below part of dialog choose that you will define new depth of the node. Define in the dialog or graphically by icon appropriate depth. In that example we will define 3 m. You can see that depth of the nodes Main.7 and Main.5 will not be changed. See the picture below:

Press the Edit button to accomplish defined change.

Now, when you are still in the command, define that left fixed node is Main.3, and that you again would like to move node Main.6. On the right side, the Main.7 is fixed, as shown on below picture.

Press button Edit to make appropriate change.

All the values are described on below picture:

When we initially defined the network in layout, we did choose the node label which has only values of terrain elevations and node names. When pipe invert is defined, it is possible to label in the layout pipe invert levels too. Double click on the label configuration 2 Name Terrain Invert (Workspace -> Labels (Network topology) -> Nodes -> 2 Name Terrain Invert). With the Topology selection button select current system and press key Show. All the nodes are labeled with the appropriate label.

Pipe invert levels (level line elevations) can be inspected through appropriate table views (Previews). Start the table view 0 Section Geometry (Workspace -> Previews -> Sections -> 0 Section Geometry (DC)). In that table view, the level line elevations of every section are shown.

The drawing is saved with the name 06 Pipe Invert Level.dwg.

9. Dynamic model

In Urbano, family of pipe infrastructure software, the complete dynamic model is implemented. That means, that any changes performed in layout view will initiate appropriate changes in longitudinal sections and vice versa.

Divide the screen to two vertical views, by using AutoCAD command from menu: View -> Viewports -> New Viewports. Select the option Two: Vertical. In one view, zoom in to the layout of the network system, and in another one, zoom to longitudinal sections, as shown on bellow picture:

Zoom in to the last two sections of the channel MAIN (the red one). The nodes MAIN.11, MAIN.12 and MAIN.13 should be visible. We will insert two new nodes, the first one between nodes MAIN.11 and MAIN.12, and the second one between nodes MAIN.12 and MAIN.13.

To perform that, the command for editing nodes should be started (Workspace ->Editing (RC) -> Edit Nodes). From the top pop-down list select the option Insert node. By using Topology Selection Button select the section between nodes MAIN.11 and MAIN.12. With the button for defining of new position, define the position of the new node, approximately on the middle of the section. For the node name type the name NEW1. The dialog should look like:

Repeat the procedure and insert the node NEW2, between nodes MAIN.12 and MAIN.13. After that operation, the layout should be similar to below picture:

Zoom to the last two sections of longitudinal section MAIN. You can see that longitudinal section is automatically updated, as shown on bellow picture:

Now we will change the names of the nodes of channel MAIN, to have predefined order MAIN.1, MAIN.2, ... Start the command for editing nodes (Workspace->Editing (RC) -> Edit nodes). From the top pop-up list select the option Rename by arrays/branches. With Topology selection button select array/channel MAIN. Define in the list that prefix is consist of name of the array/channel and . (MAIN. ). Press the button Apply twice to reset the number of nodes (the first change cannot use counter 1, because it is occupied). You can see that node names are changed in both views, layout and longitudinal sections.

In the later chapters we will do a lot changes which will show how complete dynamic model functions.

The result of that chapter can be compared with the drawing 07 Dynamic Model.dwg.

10. Definition of catchment areas

In Urbano Canalis, every pipe network is treated as mixed one. The both storm and sanitary flows can be defined in the same pipe. If sanitary is missing, the system is pure storm (rain) system, and if storm flow is missing, the system is treated as sanitary only.

In this chapter we will define catchment areas for storm flow. On the layer 2_Catchment_Areas there are lines which define the catchment areas for every channel/array in the drawing. Switch on the layer 2_Catchment_Areas.

First of all, we should activate special panel which is used for definition of catchment areas, calculating of storm and sanitary flows and hydraulic dimensioning. From the Main Workspace it is necessary to activate button Canalis Workspace as shown on bellow picture:

When this button is picked, the new workspace appears as shown on the next picture:

Press the first button in the row, Define catchment areas. The next dialog appears:

The definition of catchment area should start with selecting of elements of network which will have catchment area. Use Topology Selection Button and select main channel (MAIN) the red one. After that press the button Catchment boundary layer to define on which layer(s) boundaries of catchment areas are defined. From the list which is opened, select layer 2_Catchment_Areas.

Switch on the option for identifying islands inside of main catchment areas. This option is very useful when one large area has islands polygons with completely different run-off coefficient. In that case program will find so called main area and islands area. For every area run-off coefficient (depends of type of soil) should be defined. Program will calculate average run-off coefficient by next formula:

Kavg=(A1 * k1 + A2 * k2 + ... + An * kn) / (A1 + A2 + ... + An)

For the type of catchment area procedure select from the pop-down list Type of area calculation, the option Area for multiple sections. That type of calculation means that we will define one bigger area for several sections in the one channel, and program will, according to lengths of the sections, distribute the whole area to every section. Longer sections will have bigger part of common catchment area.

There are two basic ways for catchment area definition. The first one is based on AutoCAD boundary algorithm, when it is necessary just to pick inside of boundaries of catchment area. Boundaries of catchment areas need not to be single closed entity (could be many lines). The next option is used when boundary is created using closed AutoCAD polylines. Use the button for picking inside boundaries, and pick close to the channel MAIN, but inside black boundary. If everything is well, program will find appropriate area, and writes it into list of found areas.

Select that area in the list and choose appropriate type of soil, from the pop-down list with predefined material. Select Ground with runoff coefficient of 0.5. Press the button Save data. The process of definition of catchment area for the main channel is finished.

Repeat the procedure for the next two channels R1 and R2 (yellow and green one):

with Topology Selection Button choose option array and select appropriate channel/array

with Button for boundary pick close to channel, but inside of defined area-s

select appropriate type of the soil (leave the ground type)

press button Save data to save the catchment area for specific channel

The procedure for the channel R3 is little bit different. When pick inside of defined area, be careful to pick inside main area but not inside of drawn islands. Program should recognize main area with 12 islands (in fact objects inside of main area). Pick in the list on main area, define type of soil Ground and press button Save data. After that select all islands (pick first island, Ctrl+Shift+Pick on last island). For all of them at once, select type of soil Asphalt, with run off coefficient 0.9. Close the dialog and start the command Catchment and waste flow area editor. The next dialog shows:

Try to hatch some selected areas. If something is incorrect and some areas should be erased, that cannot be performed with plain AutoCAD functions. Erasing of defined catchment areas should be done by this command.

The drawing with defined catchment areas is saved with the name 08 Catchment Areas.dwg.

11. Calculation of rain flow

Calculation of rain flow could be performed basically in two ways. The first one is simple calculation, based on 15 min constant rainfall. The second one is based on rational method with using of IDF curves (Intensity Duration Frequency).

In that tutorial we will use the simple method. To make calculation of rain flows the catchment areas have to be defined. From the panel (Canalis Workspace) select the button Rain flow, simple calculation.With the command it is possible to calculate rain flow with two methods, so called Common method and ATV method. ATV are German norms which are well known in the whole Central Europe. Common method is based on the next formula:

Q= I A Kfl Kret Kredwhere values in the formula means:

Irainfall intensity [l/s/ha]

Acatchment area [ha]

Kflcoefficient of flow (runoff coefficient).

Kretcoefficient of retardation

Kredcoefficient of reduction

The program calculates section's own rain flow for the sections that has defined catchment area and coefficient of flow. If the coefficient of retardation and coefficient of reduction are not defined, their value is taken as 1. These two coefficients are calculated based on the "n" factor.

The calculation according to ATV method is done according to the following formula:

Q = I Kfl A

where is

Irainfall intensity [l/s/ha]

Zeit-Beiwert's time factor

Kflcoefficient of flow

Acatchment area [ha]

Factor depends on ATV frequency n and ATV raining time T which must be define earlier with command and it is calculated according to the following formula:

= 38 / (T+ 9) (1/ 4n 0.3684)Whatever of those two methods is chosen, the appropriate parameters necessary for calculation can be defined through the command Input coefficients and roughness. When started, the next dialog appears:

Value of coefficients are defined in a way that appropriate coefficient(s) is checked, the value is defined (on the example ATV frequency = 3, ATV raining time T = 15), the Current system is selected by using Topology Selection Button, and button Save data is pressed.

Start the command for calculation of rain flow, Rain flow, simple calculation. Select ATV method, type in Rainfall intensity, 150 and press the button Save data. Section's flows for the all pipes are calculated.

To see calculated quantities firstly switch back to Main Workspace. Start the preview 1 Catchment and Rain Flow (Workspace -> Previews -> Sections -> 1 Catchment and Rain Flow). Here you can see the section's own flow.

The drawing with calculated flows is saved with the name 09 Calculation of Rain Flows.dwg.

12. Calculation of sanitary flows

As explained in the previous chapter, in Urbano Canalis every system is treated as mixed one. So in network pipes the both, storm and sanitary flows, can be defined. If any of two flows is missing, system is treated as separated one.

Calculation of sanitary flows could be calculated in a two ways. The first one is calculation based on influenced areas and the second one is based on length of the system and projected total water consumption. We will use in this tutorial the second method.

If necessary switch to Canalis Workspace. Start the command Waste water, percent calculation. Algorithm is based on consumption of water of inhabitants. It is necessary to define next parameters:

Consumption of water per inhabitants (l/day) means how much water is consumed by inhabitants per day type 150

Actual number of inhabitants means how many inhabitants live in the area. Calculation can be focused on certain part of network and repeated as necessary times with different number of inhabitants for different areas pipes. We will treat the whole area and define 1000 inhabitants

Annual population increase the whole calculation is going toward calculating of total consumed water, after certain time, with assumption that population will increase. The percent of increasing (default = 2%) should be defined. If percent is set as 0 %, calculation will be performed for fixed number of inhabitants. Leave the value of 2%

Design period (years) time in which system should be operational and usable in terms of quantity of water projected number of inhabitants. Leave the value of 30 years.

Coefficient of variation per day to model peaks in consumption and consequently increasing quantity of sanitary water to be discharged, value of variation is necessary to define. Some days in a week (Saturday, Sunday, ...), consumption is bigger comparing to other days. Leave the value of 1.5

Coefficient of variation per hour to model daily peaks, that coefficient should be defined. In the morning, for example, the consumption is bigger. Leave the value of 1.5

Press the button Show temporary results. In the list of results software calculated projected number of inhabitants after 30 years and increase of 2%. For that number, total consumption of water per day is calculated and then at the end converted to quantity in liters per second per meter of system. That quantity is called specific demand. The real flow in every section is calculated with multiplying length of each section with specific demands (l/s/m).

The dialog should look like:

The calculated flows can be inspected through table views, accessible from Main Workspace. Start the Main Workspace and start the table view 2 Total Flows, as shown on next picture:

It is obvious that sanitary flows are significantly smaller than rain flows. The drawing is saved under name 10 Calculation of Sanitary Flows.dwg.

13. Calculation of total flows

In the previous chapter we calculated the basic flows, rain and sanitary. To continue with design we have to calculate total flows in every pipe, which basically come from pipe's own flow with addition of transit flow from upstream sections.

Transit and total flows have to be calculated with the command Total and transit flows, from Canalis Workspace. The dialog has two tabs. The first one is for calculation of transit flows and the second one for calculation of total flows.

For calculation of transit flows switch on two flows, Waste flow percent calc. and Ranifall flow calculation, simple method. When the both flows are switched on, press the button Calculate transit flows.

Thanks to topology, in which it is clear order of sections (which are upstream and which are downstream), calculation is performed. Close the command, switch to Main Workspace and start table view 2 Total flows. From the table view it is visible that transit flows are calculated.

To calculate total flows switch back to Canalis Workspace and start again command Total and transit flows. Activate the second tab on dialog, Total flow. Switch on two flows, Total section's own flow and Transit flow. When the both flows are switched on, press the button Calculate total flow.

Total flows can be seen from the same table view as previous:

You can sort the table view according to total flow, by simply clicking on the column name. If you do it, select the first section and zoom to it. It is obvious that the section with the biggest flow is last section of the network. The drawing in which all the flows are calculated is saved under name 11 Total Flows.dwg.

14. Hydraulic calculation

We can make hydraulic calculation, i.e. calculate diameters, fulfillment of pipe and velocity of flow, when we have slope of the section and its total flow. In Urbano Canalis it is possible to make hydraulic calculation when flow and diameter are known and slope should be calculated. Hydraulic calculation is based on Prandtl-Colebrook's formulas.

Calculation Section by Section

Start from Canalis Workspace command for hydraulic calculation. The next dialog appears:

With the Topology Selection Button, choose option array and select the main channel. Program is automatically positioned on the first section (S1, between nodes Main.1 and Main.2). Program reads all previously defined data such as flow and slope. That data cannot be changed in this dialog. Viscosity of water can be changed but leave it as it is (1.31 x 10-6). Roughness in mm (Kb) can be directly defined in the dialog, can come from pipe catalog or can be defined as data through command Input coefficients and roughness, from Canalis Workspace.

In Urbano software, all the pipes which are available have to be defined in pipe catalogue. It is very easy to define your own pipe groups in catalog. Urbano supports not only plain circular pipes, but some pipes of special shape, like elliptical pipe, egg pipe, egg inverted pipe, hat profile pipe, rectangular pipe, ...

Open Pipe catalogue button and select the group S0_PEHD_SN8.

Hydraulic calculation will calculate minimum diameter, which is necessary to satisfy conditions of defined flow and slope. Then the program analyze defined group of pipes and select the first bigger diameter in the group. For that diameter (in our example 138), program calculates all hydraulic values like velocity, filling height and other. Probably we will not be satisfied with that first diameter. We can open the pop-down list Diameters from catalogue and select some bigger diameter. Automatically, all dependent hydraulic values (velocity, filling height, ...) in the list are recalculated. When we are satisfied with the results, we should press the button Save, and continue with the next section in the selection. Next section is set by arrow buttons, in the left part of the dialog.

Calculation Group of Sections

In the dialog of the command Hydraulic calculation, tab Section group has to be activated. The next dialog appears:

With the Topology Selection Button select the option Current system. With the Pipe catalogue pop-down button select S0_PEHD_SN8 pipe group. Define calculation with the conditions in which maximum filling percent cannot exceed 80% and minimum diameter cannot be less than 300 mm. Start button Compute and hydraulic calculation is made for the whole system.

To see all hydraulic values, appropriate table view can be started. Switch to Main Workspace and start the table view 3 Hydraulic. Table view should be similar to:

It is visible that there is no pipe with diameter less than 300 and that filling percent is less than 80 % for all the pipes in the network.

To see distribution of diameters in the network, start thematic map according to diameters. When thematic mapping is performed, the next picture appears:

We can see the situation which is not completely correct. Some downstream sections have smaller diameter than upstream sections. In your example situation can be different. We will explain how to solve such kind of problem.

First of all, reason why this happened, is because of slope. If you look in the longitudinal section of the main channel, you can see that last sections has significantly bigger slope than upstream sections. So this is reason, regardless bigger flow, that those sections in automatic hydraulic calculation received smaller diameters.

In the dialog Hydraulics calculation>Section group, under the Condition check box, Diameter not smaller than upstream check box wasnt selected. Repeat the hydraulic calculation with parameters defined before and checked the check box Diameter not smaller than upstream.

To show calculated values in the drawing, the labeling should be started. Switch to Main Workspace and start the labeling through section label 3 Diameter Velocity Flow (Labels -> Sections -> 3 Diameter Velocity Flow). When dialog appears, select the Current system with Topology Selection Button and label the whole system. Zoom in and inspect the labels.

Now we defined all diameters for sewage system, and intersection analysis can be repeated with the real results (both diameters from water and sewage system are defined).

From the upper part of panel, switch to system Water, and make it visible (bulb lamp should be on). We will simply recalculate intersections. Switch again to sewage system. When sewage system is current, from the panel start the command for intersections (Draw (RC) -> Draw intersection points). System which will be intersected is Sewage. System which will intersect is Water. Set the parameters according to below picture:

Press the Draw button and inspect what program calculated and labeled.

The drawing with hydraulic calculation performed is saved under name 12 Hydraulic Calculation.dwg.

15. Querying

When designing of bigger network is an issue, there is lot of elements defined. All of them have many data. Some of data could be very important for functioning of the system. So, it is very useful to define various types of queries, which can help in searching of network system.

Query procedure is incorporated in Urbano software. It is possible to create any kind of query and to create set of elements which satisfy query conditions. Conditions can be both attribute and spatial. Conditions can be connected and joined with different operators (AND, OR, NOT). Any query can be saved for later use.

In the example we will create one query. When hydraulic calculation is performed, it is very important to see what are minimum velocities in the system. For example we would like to see if there are sections with the velocity less than 1 m/s.

Start creating of new query from Main Workspace (Queries (RC) -> New). The query definition dialog appears:

Define the name of the query in the edit box for the name definition. Define it as Velocity less than 1. With the Data Picker, from the group of Sewage hydraulic data select the value Velocity in partially fulfilled pipe. DC on that value, to transfer that value to the right part of dialog. From the pop-down list of operators choose operator less ( Remove styles from drawing (style configurations stay intact))

Now edit the defined query (pick on query Velocity less than 1 (RC) > Edit). In the grid of dialog where condition is defined, pick on value Dynamic entry, and change the value from No to Yes. Just save with OK the changed configuration.

Again drag defined query and drop it to section style Yellow Thick. Now, because we set that condition value is dynamic, the new dialog appears. In that dialog new value can be defined. For example type 1.5 instead of 1 which was initially defined. With that functionality it is possible to create one query condition with different values, which sometimes could be very useful

The drawing with queries defined is saved under name 13 Query.dwg.

16. Definition of manholes/structures

When we created the network, we draw pipes and nodes. Nodes are basically AutoCAD blocks and pipes are AutoCAD lines. During the network definition, network topology is automatically created. One of the basic topology rules is that section has to have node at the beginning and at the end. But we do not define at all any function or manhole type.

All types of manholes are stored in manhole catalog. According to initial procedure you did copy examples of all catalogs. The position of Catalog button, Manhole catalog is shown in the picture below:

When select the Manhole catalog, the next dialog appears:

You can create your own group of manholes, based on 8 offered types, by following the next procedure:

1. Pick on root item in the catalog (Catalog Disk). The Create new group button becomes accessible (or RC and Add new group). Pick on it and define the new group with the name (My Manhole Group)

2. Pick on newly created group, My Manhole Group. From the pop-down list of possible manhole types select appropriate one. To properly select, select in the list certain type and press Info button. The picture with appropriate type will appear. Pick on Create of new item button (or RC and Add new item) and type the name of first item in the group (Manhole_1). Be careful, all dimensions are in meters.

3. In the right part of dialog (Parameters for selected types ...) define appropriate values. When any dimension is selected in the list, the value is shown in the picture with different color.

4. Create additional item in the group by using button to create new item as copy of previous one. Change the name of the new item and modify dimensions.

If it is necessary repeat the procedure of creating new groups and new items in the groups.

In Urbano 7 all the definition of elements (pipes, trenches, ...) are defined in the same dialog with very similar user interface. All definitions are stored in catalogs on disk (XML files in installation folder). If any definition is used in the drawing (for example if some pipes are defined for network sections), those configurations are transferred to the drawing and save with the usual AutoCAD save. That approach ensures compatibility when drawing is opened by another user, on different computer, where there is not the same catalog. All configurations will be visible in the drawing.

Start from the Main Workspace command for definition of manholes data (Workspace -> Input (RC) -> Set manhole data). Dialog looks like:

With the Topology Selection Button select the option Multiple Arrays and select arrays R1, R2 and R3. From the top pop-down list, with the available manhole types, select manhole type Rectangular Manhole Rect. open, item 150 x 150 70 x 70. For the manhole label, from the pop-down list bellow select Name1 configuration.

All other parameters leave as they are and press the button Save.

Select with Topology Selection Button option Array, and select main channel/array (MAIN). From the top pop-down list select manhole type Rectangular Manhole Circ. open, item 150 x 150 D=70. All the rest leave as it is and press the button Save.

To check data in the drawing, press the Info button, and move the mouse pointer over nodes of the system. Notice the change in the tool-tip picture when move from MAIN channel to R1, R2 or R3, and back.

Notice that manholes are drawn in longitudinal sections too.

The drawing is saved under name 14 Manholes.dwg.

17. Definition of trench

Similar to manholes, trench configuration should be made in catalog. If you press Catalog Button and select Pipe trench catalog, dialog with some configurations is opened, as shown on next picture:

The dialog is identical to manhole catalog. If you find necessary try to create one group of trenches with few different trenches. In general, from pop-down list of Available templates, there are several types which have different type of bed (sand, concrete) and single or double trench. All dimensions should be defined for each item in the group.

Close the catalog group and start command for definition of trench (Workspace -> Input data(RC) -> Define trench). When the command is started the next dialog appears:

With the Topology Selection Button, select the option Multiple arrays and then select in the drawing channels/arrays R1, R2 and R3. For all section in that selection, from the Trench group pop-down list select group Single trench sand bed B=1m. In that group select trench with the angles of 80 degrees. Press button Save to define trench.

Again with Topology Selection Button, select the option Array and select the main channel. For that channel choose trench group Single trench sand bed B=1m, and specific trench Angle 90. Press button Save to define trench. Use Info button, move it over sections of different channels and see how tool-tip automatically shows current configuration.

In addition to basic trench, the upper levels can be defined. Upper level is stayed for parallel to terrain which can consist of several layers. For example we can define upper level asphalt, which can consist of two levels.

The upper layers should be defined for the system. Start the command for definition of upper layers (Input data (RC) -> Set upper layer). The next dialog appears:

Define Asphalt 12 cm upper layer from the pop-down list on the top. That layer is basically consisted of two layers (5+7). With Topology Selection Button select the active system (all the sections will have the same upper layer). Press the button Save to make upper layer definition. Pay attention to longitudinal sections. If you are not satisfied with the style, you can change it through editing of longitudinal section table.

Defined trench for specific section can be drawn in real scale. Start prepared configuration Cross Section 1 (Workspace -> Cross Sections ->Cross Section 1 (DC)). When configuration is started the next dialog appears:

With the Topology Selection Button, select the array MAIN. In the below list switch on the option to draw the cross section every 10 m. The yellow lines, which show the position of the cross sections appear on main channel. Press the Draw button and position the cross sections somewhere in the drawing.

When several points are defined, it is possible to draw cross sections in any kind of matrix. After button Draw is pressed, the cross sections are drawn.

The layout of cross sections can be change if configuration for cross sections are editing and change (Cross Section 1).

The drawing with the trench definition is saved under name 15 Trench.dwg.

18. Calculation of excavation

Calculation of excavation gives to the user detailed specification of quantities (volumes) for defined trench. Calculation of excavation in Urbano is organized on fly. That means that there is no results saved but whenever report or review with the values of excavation is called, excavation volumes are calculated again. With that dynamic behavior is satisfied.

In the panel, under review configuration there is one configuration defined, 4 Excavations (Workspace -> Previews -.> Sections -> 4 Excavations). If you double click on that configuration the next dialog appears:

If you would like to have report only for one channel, with the Topology Selection Button select appropriate channel. The result can be transfer to any Windows application by simply copy and paste procedure.

Another possibility is to define configuration for direct report to external file. Pick in panel on Excavation report (RC) -> New. The dialog for definition of report appears. In the upper part define the name of configuration as Excavation to Excel. From pop-down list select instead of Text file, Excel file. With Data Picker Button select values which should be written to the file (now select all of them). The dialog should look like below:

Press the OK button to save that configuration.

Double click on saved configuration for export of excavation. The next dialog appears:

Define the name and folder for Excel file. Select the current system from the Topology Selection Button. The grouping should be according to Arrays. With the OK create the Excel file. Excel file should look like below:

The finished drawing is saved under name 16 Excavation.dwg19. Manhole schemes

In Urbano Canalis it is possible to draw different types of manhole schemes. It is possible to draw plan view, section view and unfolded manhole. Which schemes should be drawn and in which way can be defined in configuration (Main panel - > Manhole schemes).

In the drawing there is one configuration defined. It is called ManholeScheme. Double click on it and the next dialog appears:

Select with Topology Selection Button current system, and define that schemes should be drawn for all types of nodes. In the example program found 38 nodes and arranged them into matrix of 6 x 7. Accept everything and press the button Draw. Program draws temporary boundaries of the schemes which help to position the schemes. Position the schemes. The next picture appears:

Inspect all details of drawn schemes and try with changing of configuration modify something.

Drawing is saved under name 17 Schemes.dwg.

73