Tutorial Cell

7/30/2019 Tutorial Cell

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Cell membrane


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Cell membrane consist of lipid, protein, andcarbohydrate. Ratio between lipid, protein, andcarbohydrate depend on cell type and the species.

Generally lipid 40%, protein 40%, carbohydrate 1-10%, and water 20%. Lipid membrane consist oftwo layer, one layer path across outside, and theother layer path across cytoplasm. Protein at cellmembrane are globular protein. Proteins spreadmeladistribution at cell membrane. Some of protein

located at perifer and the other buried at half of lipidlayer or buried across both of lipid layer.Carbohydrate membrane usually formed asoligosaccharide that carbohydrate


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Cell Membrane lipidsLipids in the cell membrane consists of two

layers. Each lipid molecules are amfifatik.Amfifatik lipids containingcomponent hydrophobic (non-polar / do notlike water)

and components that are hydrophilic (polar /water loving). Lipid membrane consists of 4main classes, namely (i) phospholipids, (ii)Sfingolipida, (iii) Glikolipida, and (iv) Sterols.


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Phospholipids generally contain glycerol. group1 and 2 hydroxyl esterified with fatty acids with12-24carbon range. Esterification with a range of carbon 16

and the 18 most commonly found in warm-bloodedanimals.A phosphate group bonded firmly to the carbonposition 3, and in that position he was able to bind toone molecules such as choline residue, serine, orinositol etanol.

Fosfolifida include (i) and phosphatidylglycerolsfosfatidat acid, (ii) phosphatidylcholine, (iii)fosfatidiletanolamin, (iv) phosphatidyl-inositol, and(v) phosphatidylserine.


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SfingolipidaSfingolipida are lipids that do not contain

amfifatik glycerol, especially abundant inthe brain's net and nerves. This lipid isderived from sfingosin. Sfingolipida is themost abundant, which is contained insfingomyelin in the brain and nervetissue.


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GlikolipidaGlikolipida containing ceramide and

galactose. byTherefore, sfingolipida can be grouped intoglikolipida. Containing only simple Glikolipidagalactose, fatty acids with high molecular

weight, andsfingosin or serebrosida. Each serebrosidadifferentiated by the type of fatty acids in themolecule.


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SteroidsAll steroids have similar cyclic core is

equal fenanteren (rings A, B, and C)which is a attachment cyclopentane ring(D). Carbon positions on core steroids arenumbered as shown in Figure


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PROTEINPlasma proteins have a very broad function, between another asa protein carrier (carrier) compound passes plasma membrane,receiving signals (signal) hormonal, and the forward gesture to

the cell itself or to the cell other. Plasma membrane proteins alsofunction as base binder with cytoskeleton componentsextracellular compounds. Protein molecules the external surfaceof the individual characteristics of each cell and of proteins can bechanged according to cell differentiation. In the precedingdescription has been described that protein plasma membranecan function as enzymes. Enzymes the plasma membrane may be

grouped into two categories based on place of catalytic activity,namely:1. Ectoenzim, wherein the enzyme catalytic activity takes placeon the outer surface of the plasma membrane.2. Endoenzim, wherein the enzyme catalytic activity takes placeon the surface of the membrane plasma.


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CARBOHYDRATECarbohydrate on plasma membrane boundprotein or in the form of lipids and glycoproteins

glikolipida. Glikolipida is a collection of varioustypes of monosaccharide units different simplesugars such as D-glucose, Dgalaktosa, D-mannose, L-fructose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, andforth. Carbohydrates play an important role in

various cell activities, such as in the immunesystem.Carbohydrates on the plasma membrane is the

result of secretion and remained associated withthe cell membrane to form glycocalyx.


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MEMBRANE MOTION

LIPID MOTIONLipids in the membrane are not in a static

state, but are in a dynamic state. themolecules lipids in the membrane movesin two ways, namely:a. Lateral motionb. Flip-flop motion


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PROTEIN MOTIONIn addition to lipid molecules, protein

molecules can also movement in variousways, namely the motion:a. Lateral diffusion.b. Diffusion through the axis of rotation is

perpendicular to the membrane surface.c. Diffusion through the axis of rotation isparallel to the membrane surface.

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