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Amulet case early 20th century Central Asia or Iran(32.7 x 15.6 cm)

Amulet for a Boy's Caplate 19th–early 20th centuryCentral Asia or Iran(8.9 x 8.3 cm)

Amulet holder late 19th–early 20th century Central Asia or Iran (35.6 x 32.1 cm)

Amulet late 19th–early 20th century Central Asia or Iran(16.5 x 10.5 cm)

Amulet holder late 19th–early 20th century Central Asia or Iran (45.4 x 4.8 cm)

Armletlate 19th century Central Asia or Iran(16.5 cm)

Pair of Armbands late 19th–early 20th century Central Asia or Iran(6 x 7.9 cm)

Belt late 19th–early 20th century Central Asia or Iran(9.8 x 97.2 cm)

Belt

early 20th century Central Asia or Iran (10.5 x 82.6 cm)

Belt early 20th century Iran or Central Asia (111.8 x 10.2 cm)

Belt late 19th–early 20th century Central Asia or Iran(15.9 x 85.1 cm)

Boy's Amulet in the Shape of Camelslate 19th–early 20th century Central Asia or Iran(53.7 cm)

Collar Stud 20th century D.(13.8 cm)

Comb Wood and silver, chased, with table-cut and cabochon carnelians and turquoise bead. 20th century Central Asia(9.8 x 7.3 cm)

Armlet20th centuryCentral Asia or Iran H.6.4 cm W.7.6 cm)

Cordiform pendant mid- to late 19th century Turkmenistan, Teke (25.4 x 15.6 cm)

Cordiform pendant with tasselslate 19th–early 20th century(34.6 x 15.2 cm)

Double Cordiform Pendant mid- to late 19th centuryCentral Asia or Iran(19.7 x 16.2 cm)

Triple Cordiform Ornamentmid- to late 19th centuryCentral Asia or Iran(24.1 x 19.1 cm)

Triangular Amulet Holder late 19th–early 20th century(24.1 x 26.7 cm)

Triangular Amulet Holder late 19th–early 20th centuryCentral Asia or Iran27.3 x 24.4 cm)

Drinking Bowl Shaped as a Begging Bowl early 20th century Central Asia or Iran

Teapot- shaped ornament 20th century Central Asia or Iran (11.4 x 13 cm)

Headdress Ornament in the Shape of Double Bird late 19th–early 20th centuryCentral Asia or Iran(13.7 x 11.6 cm)

Lobed plaque early 20th century Khotan 11.6 x 12.2 cm

The Metropolitan Museum of Art Turkmen Jewelry from the Collection of Marshall and Marilyn R. Wolf (October 9, 2012–February 24, 2013)

The jewelry and robe featured in this exhibition were produced in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Central Asia and Iran by Turkmen craftsmen. While Turkmen nomads had lived for hundreds of years in the region now divided between Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and northeast Iran, their lives changed markedly in the nineteenth century when, in response to a loss of pasture land, they increasingly joined settled populations. Despite the cultural shift, Turkmen craftsmen continued to work in a traditional mode. Their impressive silver jewelry was worn by women, though some objects, such as whips, were used by men. Additionally, silver ornaments were produced for horses, the most valuable asset of nomadic Turkmen. In exchange for the silver and gold used for their jewelry, the Turkmen took and traded slaves, raiding the Persian population as well as Cossacks and Russians. From the top down, Turkmen women's jewelry consisted of headgear in the form of crowns, caps, headbands, and braid ornaments; pendants attached to headdresses and suspended on either side of the head; earrings; pectoral and dorsal ornaments; amulet holders; appliqués for clothing; armbands; and rings. While many of the pieces shown here were made by nomads, some were created by craftsmen based in towns or cities. This jewelry reflects the different styles used by specific tribal groups: the Yomut preferred surfaces crowded with ornamental designs, the Teke produced pieces in which fire-gilded decoration contrasts with a silver background, and the Ersari and Saryk tended toward no gilding and minimal decoration. On Kazakh jewelry, stamped decoration resembling granulation is prevalent. In the later twentieth century, craftsmen from Afghanistan and Turkmenistan copied older Turkmen jewelry but often used glass or composite materials rather than carnelian, pearls, or other semiprecious stones.

Sound: Farid Farjad - Ahange Azari

Text and pictures

Copyright: All the images belong to their authors

Presentation: Sanda Foişoreanuwww.slideshare.net/michaelasanda