TURBOMACHINES presentaton

8/10/2019 TURBOMACHINES presentaton

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TURBOMACHINES

Irvin CentenoAndy Cryan

Peter Van DusenHengte Lin


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Introduction

1. What are Turbomachines?

2. Basic energy and dynamic considerations

3. Pumps4. Turbines


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Turbomachines

Pumps: add energy to the fluid byexerting shaft torque

Turbines: extract energy from the the fluidand produce shaft power


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Structural Design


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Turbomachine Flow


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Basic Energy Considerations

We denote the blade speed as U = r The relative velocity is denoted as W

The absolute fluid velocity is denotedV

V = W + U


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Basic Energy Considerations


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Basic Angular MomentumConsiderations


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The Centrifugal Pump


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Axial and Mixed Flow Pumps


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Fans


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Turbines


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Compressible Flow Turbomachines

Density of the fluid (a gas or vapor) changessignificantly from the inlet to the outlet of thecompressible flow machines.

Compressors are pumps that add energy to thefluid, causing a significant pressure rise and acorresponding significant increase in density.

Compressible flow turbines remove energy fromthe fluid, causing a lower pressure and a smallerdensity at the outlet than at the inlet.


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Compressors

Since there is a significant pressure anddensity increase, there is also a considerabletemperature increase.

Two main types: Radial Flow (centrifugal) Compressor Axial Flow Compressor


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Centrifugal Compressor

Typically high pressure rise, low flowrate, andaxially compact turbomachines.

Total Pressure Ratio: PR = p02

/p01

Multiple Stage: PR n


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Axial Flow Compressor

Lower pressure rise per stage, a higherflowrate, and is more radially compact than acentrifugal compressor.

The blades in an axial-flow compressor areairfoils carefully designed to produceappropriate lift and drag forces on the flowinggas


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Compressible Flow Turbines

Two main types: Radial Flow (centrifugal) Compressor Axial Flow Compressor

Radial Flow advantages: It is robust and durable, it isaxially compact, and it can be relatively inexpensive.

Axial Flow advantages: Higher Effieciency, widely

used.


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Automotive Turbocharger


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Turbocharging

Ceramic blades are used in automotiveturbochargers

Waste Gates are used to bypass the pressureinto the turbine blades

Intercoolers cool the air from the compressorunit to make it more dense and contain moremolecules


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Twin turbo Supercharger

Bi turbo twin charging Effieciencies of turbo Intercooler, blow-off, waste gate


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Conclusion

TURBOMACHINES presentaton

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