SUPERCHARGER AND

TURBOCHARGER

INTRODUCTION• The power out put of an engine depends upon the

amount of air inducted per unit time and the degree of utilization of this air, and the thermal efficiency of the engine.

• The range of supercharger extends across engine power of from 46 %.

• The range of turbochargers extends across engine power rating from 400 to 10,000 kW.

Tow possible methods utilized to increase the air consumption of an engine are as follows:

Increasing the piston displacement: This increases the size and weight of the engine, and introduces additional cooling problems.

Increasing the density of the charge: This allows a greater mass of the charge to be inducted into the same volume.

SUPER CHARGER•Deffinition:- Power for the supercharger can be provided mechanically by means of a belt, gear, shaft, or chain connected to the engine’s crankshaft.

•A Supercharger is run by the mechanical drive, powered by engine power.

• The compressor is used before the intake valve and compressor shaft rotating by the engine power. That is known as supercharger.

Working of Supercharger:-• A Supercharger is an air

compressor that increases the pressure or density of air supplied to an internal combustion engine. This gives each intake cycle of the engine more oxygen, letting it burn more fuel and do more work, thus increasing power.

Advantage and Disadvantage of Supercharger:

Advantage:- • The more increase the pressure of the intake air above the local atmospheric pressure, the more power the engine produces.• The biggest advantage of having a supercharger is the increased horsepower. • Power delivery is immediate because the supercharger is driven by the engine’s crankshaft.

Disadvantage:-• Less efficient: The biggest disadvantage of superchargers is that they suck engine power simply to produce engine power. 

• Superchargers are significantly less efficient than turbochargers.

• Noise

• Cost high

TURBOCHARGERDiffinition:- • A turbocharger is a special type of supercharger in which a gas turbine is used to raise the pressure of air or air-fuel mixture.

• Turbochargers are powered by the kinetic energy of exhaust gases from the engine.

• The compressor is used in the exhaust valve and compressor shaft rotating by the exhaust gases. The compressor is provide to the engine of power. That is known as turbocharger.

Working of Turbocharger: A Turbocharger uses the otherwise unused energy in the exhaust gases to drive a turbine directly connected by a co-axial shaft to a rotary compressor in the air intake system.

• A turbocharger is a small radial fan pump driven by the energy of the exhaust gases of an engine.

• The compressor shaft is rotating by the exhaust gases and take air-fuel mixture from surrounding and then provide pressure increased of air-fuel mixture to the combustion chamber through the intake valve.

• The turbine converts exhaust to rotational force, which is in turn used to drive the compressor.

FIG.3

Where the turbocharger is located in the car

FIG. 5

Advantage and Disadvantage of Turbocharger

Advantage:-• Power vs size: allows for smaller engine displacements to produce much more power relative to their size.

• Good performance in high load.

• More suitable for high output engine.

• Significant increase in horsepower.

Disadvantage:-• Cost and complexity• Detonation• Space• Turbo lag• Turbocharger maintenance is high.

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