Tunicates. Botrylloides violaceous Orange, red, pink, or yellow sheet Solid color, very little tunic...
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Transcript of Tunicates. Botrylloides violaceous Orange, red, pink, or yellow sheet Solid color, very little tunic...
Tunicates
Botrylloides violaceous
• Orange, red, pink, or yellow sheet• Solid color, very little tunic between zooids
Large zooids, openings obvious
Botryllus schlosseriStar shapes arrangement of zooids
• Often black & white, but can be orange
Botrylloides v. Botryllus
• Orange morph of Botryllus rare, but, star-shape is the giveaway!• Botrylloides can have looser zooid structure
Ciona intestinalis
Red dot at end of intestine
• Clear solitary
• No color on siphons
Yellow band or clear at tips of siphons
Ciona savingyiSpots of color at tips of siphons
No red dot at end of intestine
Which is which?
Ascidiella aspersa
• Firm transparent test, snags detritus• Tentacles in siphons• Elongate oval
Molgula manhattansis
• Sea grape – small, round, like a peeled grape
• Ascidiella is elongate and opaque in comparison
Molgula citrina
• More color than M. manhattensis• Potentially more fouled tunic
Dendrodoa carnea
• Small (<2cm), pink• Squashed looking
Small stubby round siphons
Halocynthia pyriformis
• Sea peach• Larger (up to 10cm)
Siphons almost square
Aplidium pallidum
• Sea pork - because it looks like a hunk of lard
• White & clear
• Occurs in chunks
Didemnum vexillum
• Think drippy sheet
• Pendulous lobes common
• Peeling away from rock
• Yellow-ish white
Didemnum vexillum
Solid sheet, speckled with zooids & oscula
• Typically very thick
Didemnum albidum
• Solid white sheet
• VERY tight zooids
• Some oscula
• Thin & smooth
Diplosoma listerianum
• Thin diaphanous sheet
• Can be greyish and/or yellowish
• Like an odd plastic sheet
Can have conspicuous oscula
Styela Clava
• Tunicate on a stalk!
• Large rough pleated body
• Curved siphon
• Can be found in the frozen section of Hmart
Styela Clava
Boltenia ovifera
• Stalked tunicate
• Round zooid, like a lollipop
• Smooth
• Typically deep-water
Boltenia echinata
• Stalked tunicate
• Cactus-like with many spiky projections
• Short stalk
• Rare
The Stalked Ones
Bryozoans
Bugula turrita
Like a colony of Christmas trees
Bugula fulva
• Similar to B. neritina, but white/yellowish• Distinctive forking branches
Bugula neritina
Purple
Tricellaria inopinata
• Short dense tufts• Heavily calcified – crunchy to the touch
Crisia eburnea
• Very fine
•Spindly, feathery
• Bugula is much more solid
• Not always very regular
Dendrobeania murrayana
• Small fans
• Thick lattice
• Like a lace tree
Electra pilosa
Encrusting stars
Membranipora membranacea
• White crust
• Amorphous
• Fouling on algae
• Blocky zooids give delicate appearance
Lichenopora verrucaria
• White
• Often circular growth
• Thicker in center, like luchen
• On hard substrate
Lichenopora
Schizoporella unicornis
• Bumpy thick crust
• Mix of orange and white
• Amorphous, on rocky substrate
Zooids like open pores
Schizomavella auriculata
• Bumpy thick crust
• JUST orange/orange cream soda
• Amorphous, on rocky substrate
Sponges
Cliona sp.
• Bright yellow
• Often boring into something rocky
Large oscula
Hymedesmia sp. 1 Blue
Hymedesmia sp. 1 Orange Sheet
Halisarca dujardini
SLIMY!!!
Leucosolenia sp. Many Tubes
Scypha sp. • Small tubes
• Vase-like
Isodictya palmata
• Palmate• Orange palms, not so branching
Can have conspicuous oscula
Haliclona oculata
Cream-Orange Branching fingers
Microciona prolifera
• MANY red fingers
Halichondria panicea • MANY forms
• Often oscula obvious
• Texture of bread crumbs when broken apart
Hydroids
Abietinaria abietina
Coarsely branching
Sertularia sp.Finer feathery branching
Ectopleura crocea
Pink rosette tips, like flowers
Obelia spp.
• Fine and frilly
• Lace-like covering
• Often epiphytic
Anemones
Cerianthus borealis
• In sandy areas
• Sand-tube around body
• Long distinct arms
Diadumene lineata
Body has lines
Often quite small
Metridium senile
• Body can be yellow or white
• Frilly plumulose arms
• Often very large
Urticina felinaMulticolored banded arms
Many colors possible
Fagesia lineata
Molluscs
Modilus modiolus v. Mytilus edulis
Modiolus Mytlius
Flat & Brown-red Pointed & Blue-Grey
Crepidula fornicata
• Rounded
• Forms stacks
• Often fouled
Anomia sp.
• Irregular shell
• Encrusting & pressed on rock