Tuesday Sept. 30• Steel; assemblies, foundations , columns, connections, decking

• Wood Solutions Fair, Thursday October 16, Cobb Galleria, Free!– register on web site :

http://www.woodworks.org/educationTraining/southeast/newsEvents10160802.aspx

• Field Trip –Thursday Oct. 2: 12:30Bus will be in front of gym. – Georgia Pacific in Madison, GA

• hard hats, eye and ear protection• clothing and shoe safety (leather shoes with rubber soles…..jeans /

pants….no shorts or skirts).  Anyone with long, dangling jewelry will be asked to remove it.  Same for dreadlocks or long, loose hair.  No open-toed shoes.  Everyone must wear long pants.

Structural Order

•Benefits of ordering system•Grids

•Simplify layout• increases repetitive elements

•Structural hierarchy •Primary: beams, columns•Secondary: joists•Tertiary: decking

•Grids•Simplify layout• increases repetitive elements

•Structural hierarchy •Primary: beams, columns•Secondary: joists•Tertiary: decking

SECONDARY

PRIMARY

Tertiary

primary frame assembly - column to footing- beam to column- beam to beam

Types of Steel Frame Construction AISC Type1 – rigid frame construction

(shear and moment connections)

AISC Type2 – simple frame construction

(only shear connections)

AISC Type3 – semi-rigid frame construction

(shear and some moment resistance)

Foundations

Site Grading

Soil Analysis

•Bearing capacity

•Water table

•Rock

1. Function of systems

2. Soil bearing capacity

3. Types of systems

4. Construction process

Foundation Systems

Foundation systems

transfer frame loads to the ground

Pile foundations developbearing capacity by sidewall friction

They must be driven in sets of three or more and cappedwith concrete

Common pile members aremade of:•Treated wood•Steel H sections•Concrete

Typically 20 – 30 ‘

Caissons are augured to depthsof 50 – 60 feet and greater insearch of high bearingcapacity such as bedrock

Diameters of 36” are common

Some are sleeved to preventcave-in

Caissons are filled with highstrength concrete

30’x30’ grid with a total load of 40 lbs. per sq. ft.

Assume soil bearing capacity to be 3000 psf

Size the footing

Steel Columns

Columns

•Primary: beams, columns•Secondary: joists•Tertiary: decking

Column shapes

Base connection

Column splicing

Steel A Kit of Shapes.

Fireproofing Columns

Georgia-Pacific Wood Mill Field TripOct. 2, 2008

Tuesday October 7(last day to withdraw)

• Steel; beams, web joists, decking, connections

• Wood Solutions Fair, Thursday October 16, Cobb Galleria, Free!– register on web site :

http://www.woodworks.org/educationTraining/southeast/newsEvents10160802.aspx

• Field Trip –Thursday Oct. 30: Redeady Mix Concrete

Beams- Primary Members •Primary: beams, columns•Secondary: joists•Tertiary: decking

smaller beam insert

beam to columnmoment connection

Steel JoistsText: page 377-380

• Structural hierarchy – Primary: beams, columns

– Secondary: joists– Tertiary: decking

Open-Web Steel Joists–Small lightweight trusses

–Standardized

–Shop-fabricated

»http://www.quincyjoist.com/

Produced in 3 series

K-series ( most common) span up to 60’ – depth ranges from 8” to 30”

LH-series span up to 96’ – depth ranges from 18” to 48”longspan

DLH-series span up to 144’ – depth range from 52” to 72”deep longspan

Spacing between Open-Web Steel Joists typically ranges from 2’ to 10’.

Joist Girders: Heavier versions of steel joists that carry the loads off ends of joist framing members

Open web bar joist are used as secondary framing members forfloors and roof systems.

Lighter roof loads allowjoist to be spaced 4’ – 5’ oc. apart

Floor loads – 50 –100 psfrequire closer spacing of2’ oc.

Joist selection

Weight per linear ft. of span

The TOP figures in the table give the TOTAL safefactored uniformly distributed load-carrying capacities, inpounds per linear foot.

The BOTTOM figures in this load table are the unfactorednominal LIVE loads per linear foot of joist which will producean approximate deflection of 1/360 of the span. LIVE loadswhich will produce a deflection of 1/240 of the span may beobtained by multiplying the BOTTOM figures by 1.5. In no caseshall the TOTAL load capacity of the joists be exceeded.

Where the joist span exceeds the unshaded area of theLoad Table, the row of bridging nearest the mid span shall bediagonal bridging with bolted connections at the chords andintersections.

HORIZONTAL BRIDGINGNOTE: DO NOT WELD BRIDGING TO JOIST WEB MEMBERS.

DO NOT HANG ANY MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL, ETC. FROM BRIDGING.

from Vulcraft Steel Joist Catalog www.vulcraft.com/downlds/catalogs/joistcat.pdf

Bridging distributes loads across framing system and resists overturning of joist.

Cross bridging is used on the end bays

Horizontal bridging is used across all joists for lateral support

horizontal bridging

cross bridging

Steel Decking

Steel Decking

Floor decking ( + concrete slab)

Composite decking (+ concrete slab)

Roof decking ( + insulation)

corrugated steel decking

Puddle welding of metal deck to structure below

edge angles to retain concrete pour

composite deck/beam construction

shear studswelded thru deck to beam below

composite deck/beam construction

composite deck/beam constructionto create strong shear connection between concrete slab and beam below deck

shear studwelded to beam

electric welding gunto attach shear studsto beam below

Coping on the top of flange to create a level surface for decking

3” Typical dimension between two steel beams to create a level floor surface

Steel Structure Rules of Thumb

Steel beam depth = 1/20 of span (width usually 1/3 to 1/2 of depth)

Steel girder depth = 1/15 of span (width usually 1/3 to 1/2 of depth)

Triangular steel roof trusses depth = 1/4 to 1/5 of span.

Rectangular trusses depth = 1/8 to 1/12 of span.

Open-web steel joists depth = 1/20 of span for heavily loaded floors or widely spaced joists.

depth =1/24 span for lightly loaded floors, closely spaced joists and roofs.

Typical joist spacing range 2’ - 10’

Steel column Add up the total roof and floor area supported by the column. A W8 supports up to 3000 sq ft. W14 25000 sq ft.

Corrugated steel roof decking depth of = 1/40 of the span (standard depth = 1”, 1 ½”, 2” and 4”)

Steel Connections• welding

• bolting

• riveting

Welding

Steel 5 Lecture

Bolting

tension control boltsload indicatorwashers

1

2

3

Ironworker tightening tension control bolts

Riveting

Shear Connection - Bolted

Moment Connection - Welded

1

2

3.1

Three Building Stabilization Methods against lateral forces of wind and earthquakes

3.2

SummaryBe aware of:

• Concerns that require sub-surface investigation

• Reasons for organizing a structural frame

• Function of foundation system / types of foundations

• Column shapes / base and top connections

• Beam shapes and connections

• Bar joist configuration and terms

• Bar joist layout and connections

• Decking types

• Steel Connections

Thursday October 9• Steel; Light Gauge Steel Framing• Wood Solutions Fair, Thursday October 16, Cobb

Galleria, Free!– register on web site :

http://www.woodworks.org/educationTraining/southeast/newsEvents10160802.aspx

• Steel EXAM – Thursday Oct. 23

• Tuesday, October 28 2nd Review submittal of Learning by

Observation Book

• Field Trip Thursday Oct. 30: ReadyMix Concrete www.readymixusa.com/

Light Gauge Steel Framing

Light Gauge Steel Framing

Light Gauge Steel Framing

POSITIVES• Derived primarily from recycled steel• Easily recycled when demolished• Noncombustible• Does not warp, crook, bow• Not susceptible to humidity• No termite treatment needed• No decay• Light weight• Fast construction time (with skilled labor)• Slightly longer spans for joists and rafters

NEGATIVES• Reduction in wall R value (heat loss double the rate of wood)• Higher cost than wood framing

Methods of forming metals

•Hot rolling structural shapes

•Cold forming light gauge framing:

interior walls and partitions, suspended ceiling systems, fascias, parapets, back-up walls for exterior cladding, etc.

•Extrusion aluminum

Typical Assembly Details

Standard Accessories for Light Gauge Steel Framing

Preliminary Member Sizing

Rafters (horiz. projection) 1/24 x span ie. 24’ span requires a 12” member

Floor joist 1/20 x span

Interior load bearing studs

3 5/8” studs used up to 12’

6” studs up to 21’

8” studs up to 28’

Exterior load bearing supporting exterior finish system

3 5/8” studs used up to 10’

6” studs up to 17’

8” studs up to 22’

All members usually spaced 24” o.c.

Note: many web sites have span tables

Helpful Web Sites

Key words cold formed steel framing

light gauge steel framing

Web sites: dietrichindustries.com

buysuperstud.com

bmp-group.com

ryanslinks.com

Tuesday October 21• Wood Solutions Fair attendance• Drawing Lab Details• Steel EXAM – Thursday Oct. 23 2PM• Tuesday, October 28

2nd Review submittal of Learning by Observation Book (examples on

Website)

• Field Trip Thursday Oct. 30: Ready Mix Concrete Plant and testing lab in Woodstock, GA. (17.2 miles) Must have hard hats, long pants, closed toe work shoes. www.readymixusa.com/

• Concrete Lab November 6

Drawing Lab Details

• Open Web Joist Framing Plans• Open web joist bearing on steel framing• Open web joist bearing on concrete wall• Open web joist on steel framing with concrete deck and light

gauge steel framing of parapet and soffit• Light Gauge Steel framing roof framing (or truss) with overhang

at exterior bearing wall• Light Gauge Steel framing at roof ridge• Light Gauge Steel framing at aluminum storefront head showing

exterior soffit & interior ceiling• Composite slab/deck construction• Typical steel column to foundation connection

Georgia-Pacific Wood Mill Tour Questions

• What mile radius do all the trees supplying this plant come from?

• How many acres of trees are harvested per day?• What is the primary species of wood used for the

plywood produced in this plant?• How many acres of forest land does Georgia-Pacific

own?• How many 18 wheeler flat bed trucks loaded with

plywood are produced each day on average?• It takes ____ times the energy to produce steel than

wood.

Georgia-Pacific Wood Mill Tour Questions

• What mile radius do all the trees supplying this plant come from? 100 miles

• How many acres of trees are harvested per day?40 acres

• What is the primary species of wood used for the plywood produced in this plant? Southern Yellow Pine

• How many acres of forest land does Georgia-Pacific own?zero

• How many 18 wheeler flat bed trucks loaded with plywood are produced each day on average? 24 ( one per hour)

• It takes _24___ times the energy to produce steel than wood.

Fireproofing

Fireproofing Columns

concrete encasement cladding cladding

spray on encasement

Fireproofing Beams and Girders

Applying fireproofingTo structural frame

Two basic types ofSpray applied Fireproofing:•Cement base•Fiber base

Note overspray

Due next TuesdayLearning by Observation Submission Journal Evaluation and Grading Criteria

Number of sites visited Quality and number of analytical sketches and diagramsQuality and number of measured drawings and diagramsQuality and number of photographs Significance of documentation to learning experienceAdditional documentation and efforts that enhances the overall Journal presentation: Technical support data: Materials/product literature or samples from Sweets, product sources/web sites; Lowe’s, Home Depot, etc.A grade of “C” shall be awarded for work and Journals that meet the stated “minimum” requirements. Work and Journals that “exceed minimum” expectations shall be evaluated and awarded higher grades. Work and Journals that fall below minimum expectations shall receive lower grade evaluations.

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