TsSnavdviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-F ñÚ...
Transcript of TsSnavdviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-F ñÚ...
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 4
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³
GtIkal nig bc©úb,nñkal
cUlmkdl;stvtSr_TI 11 RbeTskm<úCa)ankøay
eTACamhaGMNacmYyy:agFMenAGasIuGaeKñy_. karsag
sg;R)agÁR)asaTFM² k¾maneRcInswgRKb;TisTIelITwkdIExµr.
kñúgcMeNamR)agÁR)asaTl¥l¥HTaMgenaH man R)asaTRBHvihar
EdlksagelIkMBUlPñMdgErk EdlBIedImeLIy maneQµaH
fa PñMkMEpg . PñMdgErk b¤PñMkMEpg mankm<s;RbmaN 625
Em:Rt ehIybc©úb,nñsßitenAkñúgextþRBHvihar énPaK]tþr
RbeTskm<úCa.
R)asaTRBHviharRtÚv)ancat;TukCasMNg;sßabtükmµ
d¾RbNItkñúgelak EdlkRmman. sMNg;sßabtükmµd¾Rb-
NItelIkMBUlPñMenH KWCaTIRbCMu)armIl,Imhima RKb;RKg
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Edlsilacarwk)anbBa¢ak;fa )andEgðykBITIRkúgGgÁr.
R)asaTenH )anqøak;[eXIjRKb;EbbbT cgCaGMNacTiBV
mNÐlsaFarN³sRmab;RBHraCasñgraCüeRkay² [ecH
EfrkSavasnaCatikMu[rlaysabsUnü.
RbeTsesom EdlCaGñkCitxagkm<úCa Etgman
mhicäta rMelaPkan;kab;R)asaTRBHviharedayxusc,ab;
mþgehIymþgeTot taMgBIqñaM 1941 mk eTaHbIRbeTsenH
dwgfa R)asaTRBHviharsßitkñúgEdnGFibetyürbs;km<úCa
edayRsbc,ab;k¾eday. sn§isBaØa nigGnusBaØaCaeRcIn
EdleyIgelIkeLIgkñúgGtßbTenH CaBiess salRkm
tulakaryutþiFm’GnþrCati RkúgLaeG éf¶TI 15 Ex mifuna
qñaM 1962 nigkarseRmcrbs;KN³kmµkarebtikPNÐ
BiPBelakénGgÁkaryUeNsáÚ kalBIéf¶TI 07 Ex kkáda
qñaM 2008 KW)anbgðajy:agc,as;fa R)asaTRBHviharsßit
kñúgEdnGFibetyürbs;km<úCa. b:uEnþesommin)ane)aHbg;
mhicätarbs;xøÜn kñúgkarkan;kab;R)asaTRBHviharenaHeT.
kñúgGtßbTenH eyIgsUmelIkeLIgnUvsn§isBaØa Gnu-
sBaØanana EdlBak;B½n§nwgRBMRbTl;EdnExµrCamYyRbeTs
esom RbvtþiR)asaTRBHvihar erOgkþ IR)asaTRBHvihar
kalbriecäT nigskmµPaBxøH² Tak;Tgnwgkic©RbCuMGnum½t
R)asaTRBHvihar cUlCaebtiPNÐBiPBelak CemøaHeRkay
éf¶TI 15 Ex kkáda qñaM 2008 dMeNIrkarcrca nigmhicäta
rbs;esom edIm,ITukCaÉksarsRmab;GñksikSaRsavRCav
BicarNa eTAéf¶eRkay.
RbvtþiR)asaTRBHvihar
R)asaTRBHviharCarmNIydæanRbvtþisa®sþ EdlBIedIm
maneQµaHfa {RsIsixrIsVar³} EdlERbfa {)armIPñM}. ebI
tamesovePAsþIBI kMNt;bBaðaRBHviharrbs;KN³ebsk-
kmµGcié®nþy_énRbeTskm<úCa RbcaMGgÁkarshRbCaCati
R)asaTRBHvihar mann½yfa {buKÁlCaTIeKarB} b¤man
n½yfa {GaramCaTIeKarB}.
R)asaTenH)anksageLIgcab;BIstvtSr_TI 9 dl;
stvtSr_TI 12 edayRBHraCa 4 RBHGgÁ KW RBH)aT
yesayvrµ½nTI 1 ¬K>s889-910¦ RBHGgÁksagR)asaT
kNþal. RBH)aTsUrüvrµ½nTI 1 ¬K>s 1002-1050¦
RBHGgÁksagR)asaTy:agEvgenACitR)asaTkNþal nig
ksagkMEBgB½TæCuMvij nigksageKabur³bI. RBH)aT
C½yvrµ½nTI 6 ¬K>s 1080-1109¦ RBHGgÁ)anksag
bNÑal½yBIr nigCYsCulEpñkmYycMnYnénR)asaTRBHvihar.
RBH)aTsUrüvrµ½nTI 2 ¬K>s 1113 -1150¦ RBHGgÁ)an
sagsg;RBlan EdlmannaKk,alR)aMBIr rUbetatampøÚv
nigrUbnaKCaeRcIneTot tamCeNþIreLIg. 1
enAsm½yGgÁr R)asaTRBHvihar sßitenAtMbn;
kNþaléncRkPBExµr. bc©úb,nñ R)asaTRBHviharman
TItaMgsßitenAelICYrPñMdgErk kñúgPUmisVayRC¿ XuMknÞÜt Rsuk
CaMkSanþ extþRBHvihar2. R)asaTRBHviharmanTMhMbeNþay
800 Em:Rt nigTTwg 400 Em:Rt sßitenAelIPñMRBHvihar
Edlmankm<s; 625 Em:Rt mancMeNaTxøaMgBIRbeTs
1 kMNt;bBaðaRBHvihar KN³ebskkmµGcié®nþy_énRbeTskm<úCa
RbcaMenAGgÁkarshRbCaCati qñaM1957. 2 extþRBHviharRtÚv)anbegIáteLIgtamRBHraCRkmelx 194-b>r
cuHéf¶TI 22 Ex kkáda qñaM 1964 enAkñúgraCkic©elx 57 éf¶TI
22 Ex kkáda qñaM1964 TMB½r5850-5852. extþenHman 4
Rsúk EdlkñúgenaH 3 Rsúk RtÚvpþac;ecjBIextþkMBg;FM KW Rsúk
revog RsúkEqb nigRsúkCaMkSanþ ehIymYYyRsúkeTot KWRsúk
GgÁrCMu EdlmancMnYn 3 XuM RtÚvpþac;ecjBIextþesomrab. TIrYm
extþRBHvihar sißtenAEt,gmanC½y.
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 5
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
km<úCa nigrageTrBIRbeTsesom. R)asaTenH mancm¶ay
106 KILÚEm:Rt BITIrYmextþRBHvihar.
cMeBaH kareFVIdMeNIreTAkan;R)asaTRBHviharsBVéf¶
enH eKGaceTAmk)antampøÚvcMnYn 3 KWtampøÚvPñMEdk Edl
KitBIpøÚvbMEbkkMBg;FM eTAdl;R)asaTRBHviharmancm¶ay
263 KILÚEm:Rt. tampøÚvdMEdkKitBIpøÚvCatielx 6 dl;
R)asaTRBHviharmancm¶ay 206 KILÚEm:Rt nigtampøÚv
Gnøg;Evg KitBIextþesomrabdl;R)asaTRBHvihar man
cm¶ay 240 KILÚEm:Rt. edayELk pøÚveLIgPñ MR)asaT
RBHviharcab;BIeCIgPñM ¬PUmi K1¦ dl;R)asaTRBHvihar
mancm¶ayRbmaNCa 4 KILÚEm:Rt EdlsBVéf¶kEnøgxøH
)ancak;RkalebtugrYc EtPaKeRcIn)anxUceTAvijedaysar
TwkhUreRcaH.
sn§isBaØa-GnusBaØaTak;TgnwgExµr-)araMg-esom
edIm,IBinitüemIlTidæPaBRbvtþisa®sþ Tak;TgeTA
nwgR)asaTRBHvihar eyIgsUmelIkyksn§isBaØa nig
GnusBaØaBak;B½n§mYycMnYnrvagRbeTsExµr-)araMg nig)araMg
esom dUcteTA ÷
sn§isBaØa)araMg-Exµr cuHéf¶TI 11 Ex sIha qñaM
1863
sn§isBaØaenH tRmÚv[RBHecAGFiraC)araMgpþl;nUv
kic©karBarcMeBaHRBHraCakm<úCa ehIyRBHecAGFiraC)araMg
nwgEtgtaMgersuIdg;)araMg 1 nak;enAGmRBHraCakm<úCa eday
manParkic©BinitükarGnuvtþ edaymuWgm:at;nUvxøwmsarsn§i-
sBaØaGaNaBüa)al. RBHraCakm<úCa nwgGacEtgtaMg
ersuIdg;Exµr 1 nak;enARkúgéRBnKr edIm,ITak;TgpÞal;CamYy
eTsaPi)alkUsaMgsuIn. sn§isBaØaenH )anbBa©b;\TæiBl
RbeTsesommkelIRbeTskm<úCa.
sn§isBaØa cuHéf¶TI 15 Ex kkáda qñaM 1867
tamry³sn§isBaØaenH RBHraCaesomTTYlsÁal;Ca
»LariknUvrbbGaNaBüa)alrbs;RBHecAGFiraC)araMgelI
RbeTskm<úCa. sn§isBaØa EdlRtÚv)ancuHhtßelxa enA
Ex FñÚ qñaM 1863 rvagRBHraCaNacRkesom nigRBHraCa
NacRkkm<úCa RtÚvRbkasCaemaX³ edayrdæaPi)alesom
minGacelIkykmksMGagenAeBlGnaKtkñúgkal³eTs³
Nak¾eday.
TidæPaBR)asaTRBHvihar ¬emIlBIelI¦
EpnTITItaMg nigry³cm¶aypøÚveTAkan;R)asaTRBHvihar
cRkPBExµr sm½yGgÁr
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 6
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
sn§isBaØaenH tRmÚv[RBHraCaesom ElgTTYl
ral;sYysaGakr vtßúGnusSavrIy_ b¤sBaØaepSgeTotén
PaBCacMNuHBIsMNak;RbeTskm<úCa sRmab;RBHGgÁ b¤Gñk
sñgraCünanarbs;RBHGgÁ. cMENk RBHecAGFiraC)araMg
vij snüafa nwgmindeNþImykraCaNacRkenHeTAbBa©Úl
kñúgTwkdICakmµsiT§irbs;xøÜnenAkUsaMgsuIneLIy.
CamYyKñaenHEdr extþ)at;dMbg ¬Nakøav¦ nigGgÁr
¬esomrab¦ nwgsßitenAkñúgraCaNacRkesom. RBMRbTl;
énextþenH nigextþepSg²eTot enACab;GaNaextþesom
EdlmankarTTYlsÁal;eTAvijeTAmkenaH nwgRtÚvkMNt;
edaybegÁalRBMEdn b¤edaysBaØaepSg²eTot edayKN³-
kmµkarmYy mansmasPaBnayTahanesom nigExµr
edaymanvtþman nigCMnYyBInayTahan)araMg Edlcat;
taMgedayeTsaPi)alkUsaMgsuIn.l.
enAkñúgsn§isBaØaenH KW)araMg)anRbKl;extþ)at;dMbg
nigesomrab [eTARbeTsesom.
sn§isBaØa)araMg-esom cuHéf¶TI 3 tula 1893
RbeTsesomQb;kan;kab;TwkdITaMgGs; Edlsßit
enAeRtIyxagekIténTenøemKgÁ nigenAelIekaHTaMgLay
énTenøenaH mann½yfa esom)anRbKl;extþsÞwgERtg mk
[Exµrvij. RbeTsesomk¾)ansnüafamindak;kgkmøaMg
T½BGVITaMgGs;enAkñúgextþ)at;dMbg nigextþesomrab.
GnusBaØa)araMg-esom éf¶TI 13 kumÖ³ 1904
GnusBaØaenHehIyEdlmankarCab;Tak;Tgnwg erOgkþI
R)asaTRBHviharenAeBleRkaymk. tamGnusBaØaenH
esomRtÚvRbKl;extþmøÚéRB nigTenøreBA EdlsßitenAeRtIy
xaglicénTenøemKgÁ mk[Exµr nigRtÚve)aHbg;bBa¢akar
elIkgtRmÜtenAextþ)at;dMbg suIsupun nigesomrab ¬eday
RtÚvRbKl;mk[nayTahan)araMgmþg¦. KYrbBa¢ak;fa tam
GnusBaØa qñaM 1904 enH BYkesom)ansuxcitþdkfy
RBMEdneTAxageCIgrhUtdl;PaKxagekIt énCYrPñMdgErk
eTotpg ehIyesomk¾)anRbKl;extþRtat EdlCaextþ
ExµrenAtMbn;eqñrsmuRT mk[)araMgRKb;RKgvij.
sn§isBaØa)araMg-esom éf¶TI 23 Ex mIna qñaM 1907
sn§isBaØaenH tRmÚv[rdæaPi)alesomRbKl;[)araMg
nUvTwkdI)at;dMbg esomrab nigsuIsupun EdlRBMEdnRtÚv
kMNt;eday {x} TI1 énBiFIsarsþIBIkarkMNt;RBMEdn ehIy
rdæaPi)al)araMgRBmRbKl;[esom nUvTwkdIdansay nig
Rkat ¬Rtat¦ EdlRBMEdnRtÚvkMNt;eday {x} TI 1 nigTI
2 énBiFIsarxagelI RBmTaMgekaHTaMgGs; EdlsßitenA
xagt,ÚgeRCay {Limlig} ¬Lemling¦ rhUteTAdl; nig
rab;bBa©ÚlTaMgekaHKut ¬Koh Kut¦. karRbKl;TwkdITaMg
enaH RtÚvRbRBwtþeTATaMgsgxag kñúgGMLúgeBl 20 éf¶
eRkayeBlsn§isBaØaenaH )anTTYlsc©ab½n.
sn§isBaØaenHk¾)anEcgfa karkMNt;RBMEdnCak;lak;
énEdndITaMgLay EdlRbKl;[mkenaH RtÚvKN³kmµkar
cRmúHCaGñkeFVI kñúgry³eBl 4 Ex eRkaykar[sca©b½n
elIsn§isBaØa.
GnusBaØa cuHéf¶TI 25 Ex sIha qñaM 1926
GnusBaØaenH seRmckMNt;RBMEdnxagTenøemKgÁ
rvagesom nigRbeTs\NÐÚcin ehIybegáIt[mansh-
RbtibtþikarmYy rvagRbeTsTaMgBIr xagmuxRkúmRBHnKr)al
nigxagsnþisuxenAtamTenø.
sn§isBaØamitþPaBxagBaNiC¢kmµ nignavacr cuHéf¶
T I 07 Ex FñÚ qñaM 1937
sn§isBaØaenHbBa¢ak;bEnßmCafµI elIRBMRbTl;EdnExµr
esom Edl)ankMNt;TukrYcehIyBImun RBmTaMgrkSaTuk[
enACaFrmany:agdac;xatcMeBaHGnusBaØa qñaM 1904 nig
sn§isBaØa qñaM 1907.
GnusBaØasnþiPaBrvagRbeTs )araMg-esom cuH
éf ¶TI 9 Ex ]sPa qñaM 1941
GnusBaØaenH )anTTYlkarcuHhtßelxa enATIRkúgtUküÚ
tamkic©GnþraKmn_BIRbeTsCb:un EdltRmÚv[man {yuT§-
snþiPaB} edIm,IbBaÄb;karRbTUsr:ay EdlRbeTsesom
)anRbRBwtþRbqaMgnwgkm<úCa KWfaRbqaMgnwgGaNaBüa)al
)araMgenHÉg kñúgEx vicäika qñaM 1904.
tamGnusBaØaenH rdæaPi)al)araMg edaymankar
bgçitbgçMBIRbeTsCb:un )anlHbg;ecalnUvextþExµrxaglic
KWextþ)at;dMbg extþkMBg;FMmYyPaKextþ sÞwgERtg nigextþ
esomrab. ehtudUecñH GnusBaØaenH )anEkERbRBMRbTl;
rvag\NÐÚcin nigRbeTsesom.
kic©RBmeRBóg )araMg-esom cuHéf¶TI 17 vicäika
qñaM1946
kic©RBmeRBógenH )ancuHhtßelxaenARkúgv:asuInetan
eday)anrMlayecalnUvGnusBaØa cuHéf¶TI 9 Ex ]sPa qñaM
1941 EdlrdæaPi)al)araMg)anbdiesFecalkñúgeBlmun
ehIybegáIteLIgsarCafµI nUvc,ab;cas; EdlekItmanmun
GnusBaØaenH ¬maRta 2¦.
kic©RBmeRBogbBa¢ak;fa kic©R)aRs½yTak;TgkarTUt
)anRtÚvsßabnaeLIg ehIyTMnak;TMngrvagRbeTs)araMg
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 7
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
nigRbeTsesom k¾RtÚvmanCafµIeLIgvij tamsn§isBaØacuH
éf¶TI 7 Ex FñÚ qñaM 1937. kic©RBmeRBóg)anbBa¢ak;mü:ag
eTotfa xageRkaykarepÞrTwkdI EdleKRbKl;[kñúgeBl
munmþgehIy enaHmanKN³kmµkarbRgÜbbRgÜmmYy)an
TTYlPar³BinitüxagCatiBn§ú xagPUmisa®sþ nigxagesdækic©
énKUvivaT edIm,IesIerIBinitüCafµI b¤bBa¢ak;bEnßmnUv {x} TaMg
Layénsn§isBaØacuHéf¶TI 03 Ex tula qñaM 1893
GnusBaØa cuHéf¶TI 13 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 1904 nigsn§isBaØa
cuHéf¶TI 23 Ex mIna qñaM 1907.
RbvtþivivaTtMbn;RBHvihar
tamGnusBaØa cuHéf¶TI 13 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 1904 )an
bBa¢ak;CafµInUvbnÞat;RBMRbTl;rvagRbeTsesom nigkm<úCa
ehIy )anRBagbegáItKN³kmµkarcRmuHTTYlPar³xagkMNt;;
RBMRbTl;EdnenH. sn§isBaØacuHéf¶TI 23 Ex mIna qñaM
1907 )anRbKl;[GaNaBüa)al)araMgmkvij ¬km<úCa¦
nUvTwkdI TaMgLay EdlsßitenAEpñkxageCIg nigEpñkxaglic
RbeTs. kñúgtMbn;RBHvihar bnÞat;RBMRbTl;Edn )anseRmc
tamGnusBaØa qñaM 1904. dUecñHtMbn;enH)aneTACaTwkdIExµr
rYceTAehIy munkarRbKl;mkvijCafµImþgeTot enAqñaM
1907 enaH.
edayGnuelamtamGnusBaØacuHéf¶TI 13 Ex kumÖ³
qñaM 1904 KN³kmµkarcRmúHTaMgLay )anRtÚveKeRCIs-
taMg[maneLIgvij edIm,IseRmcbnÞat;RBMRbTl;EdndI[
)aneTogTat;. enAkñúgGnusBaØaenH enAkñúg maRta 3 )an
Ecgfa RbeTs)araMg nigRbeTsesom RtÚvEtgtaMgnay-
TahanTaMgLay edIm,I[eFVICasmaCikénKN³kmµkar
xagelIenH ehIykargarénKN³kmµkarnwgRbRBwtþeTA
cMeBaHRBMEdn EdlseRmcehIy.
KN³kmµkarenH)anEtgtaMgCaeRcInqñaM ehIy)an
ebIkkarRbCuMCaeRcInelIk. nayTahanTaMgLayxag
PUmisa®sþ )anbMeBjkargarrbs;KN³kmµkar ehIy)an
eFVIkarBinitüRKb;y:agdl;TIkEnøg.
KN³kmµkar Edl)anrYmRbCuMedIm,IGnuvtþsn§isBaØa
qñaM 1907 ¬eBlRbCuMcugeRkaybg¥s;enAéf¶TI 06 Ex mifuna
qñaM 1908¦ )anEføgfa kare)aHbegÁal)aneFVIrYcehIy
sRmab;RBMRbTl;rvag\NÐÚcin nigRbeTsesom. cMeBaH
begÁalRBMRbTl;EdnCasuIm:gt_ CaEdk b¤CaeQI mantaMg
enAcMNucFM²xøHénRBMRbTl;Edn. b:uEnþenAkñúgkMNt;ehtu
cuHéf¶TI 6 Ex mifuna qñaM 1908 min)anniyayBIkardaM
begÁalenAkñúgtMbn;RBHvihareLIy.
mü:ageTot KN³kmµkar)anTaMgRBageFVIEpnTImYy
EdlmanRBMRbTl;EdnTaMgGs; rvag\NÐÚcin nigRbeTs
esom edayeRbIÉksarkargarxageFVIEpnTI. Éksarxag
eFVIEpnTIenaH KWeKkMNt;fa CaEpnTIénKN³kmµkarkMNt;
RBMRbTl;Ednrvag\NÐÚcin nigRbeTsesom.
EpnTIenH )aneFVIBIrelIk ³
- EpnTIelIkTI 1 )anbegáIteLIgedayGnuvtþtam
GnusBaØacuHéf¶TI 13 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 1904 eRkamkardwknaM
rbs;elak lIyW utWNg; kULÚENlEb‘rNa ¬Lieutenant
Colonel Bernard¦. EpnTIenH manRBMRbTl;EdnfµITaMgGs;
BIsmuRTeTATenøemKgÁ edayGnuelamtamGnusBaØaenaH
¬13-02-1904¦.
- EpnTIelIkTI 2 )anRtÚvKN³ebskkmµm:ughÁ½r
¬Mission Monguers¦ CaGñksßabnaeLIgtamsn§isBaØa
cuHéf¶TI 23 Ex mIna qñaM 1907 ehIyenAkñúgsn§isBaØaenH
RbeTsesom)anRbKl;[GaNaBüa)al)araMg nUvTwkdI
sMxan;²CaeRcIn enAEpñkxaglicénRbeTskm<úCa. EpnTI
enHeTAcb;RtwmCYrPñMdgErk EdlkMNt;fµI ¬qñaM 1907¦
yktamRBMRbTl;cas; ¬qñaM1904¦ rhUtdl;TenøemKgÁ
\tmanEkERbGVIeLIy.
GMBIRBHvihar/ sn§isBaØa qñaM 1907 min)aneFVIesckþI
EkERbGVIeLIy cMeBaHTIkEnøgenaH KWfa enAdEdltam
esckþIseRmcénGnusBaØaqñaM 1904 )anbgðajPsþútag
y:agc,as;fa tMbn;RBHviharsßitenAkñúgdIExµr. mü:ageTot
enAkñúgEpnTIesom ¬1¼200>000¦ EdlRkúmxag
PUmisa®sþesom)aneFVI ehIyk¾bBa¢ak;y:agc,as;enAsnøwk
elx 44 énEpnTIenaH sþIBIRBMRbTl;EdndgErkfa TIkEnøg
R)asaTRBHviharsßitenAkñúgEdndIExµr.
EpnTIesomenHbgðajP½sþútag[eXIjfa raCkar
esom)anTTYlsÁal;CapøÚvkarfa tMbn;RBHviharCatMbn;man
lkçN³CaExµr. EpñkTaMgBIrénEpnTI)araMg nigEpnTIesom
BitCamansPaBminRsbKñaeT b:uEnþbgðaj[eXIjfa mankar
Rbhak;RbEhlKña eRBaHRBHvihar)ankMNt;y:agc,as;kñúg
EpnTITaMgBIrenaH. RBMRbTl;EdnenAxageCIgdac;Nat;BI
R)asaTRBHvihar cm¶ay 500 Em:Rt. karRbEhlKñaén
ÉksarTaMgBIrenH bBa¢ak;[eXIjy:agBitR)akdfa KUPaKI
TaMgBIr )anRBmeRBógCamYyKñaTukRBHvihar[sßitenAkñúg
EdndIExµr. enAéf¶TI 14 Ex mkra qñaM 1954 rdæaPi)alesom
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 8
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
)aneqøIytbcMeBaHtMNagraRsþ EdlsYrfa ³ etIkarEdl
RbeTsesomTTYlsÁal;RbeTskm<úCa tRmÚv[éfQb;kan;
kab;nUvsiTæirbs;xøÜnelIextþTaMgLay EdlRbKl;[CafµI
mþgeTotenAqñaM 1947 b¤?
RBHGgÁm©as; nraFib rdæm®nþIRksYgkarbreTsesom
)anmanbnÞÚlfa RTg;Kitdl;témøÉkraCüénRbeTskm<úCa
Cagkar)anextþTaMgLay EdlRtÚvRbKl;[km<úCavijenA
qñaM 1946 eTAeTot. RTg;manbnÞÚleTotfa rdæaPi)alesom
minRtÚvRbRBwtþineya)ayBRgIkEdndIeT ehIyRbeTsesom
manesckþIeBjcitþ edayeXIjmankarEktRmÚvRBMEdnxøH
EdlmanRbeyaCn_tictYcdUcCa bBaðaPñMR)asaTRBHvihar.
rdæaPi)alesomeBjcitþtamcMNucenaH kñúgkic©crcasRmúH
sRmÜlKñaCamYyRbeTskm<úCa edayGnuelamtamc,ab;
GnþrCati. Rtg;enHR)akdfa RbeTsesom BitCaTTYlsÁal;
RBHviharCarbs;Exµr.
BIr bIExeRkaymk enAéf¶TI 13 Ex FñÚ qñaM 1955
esnaRbmux Pwn Kunhaev: Cardæm®nþIéfTI 1 sþITI kñúgesckþI
RbkascMeBaHTIPñak;garsarB½t’man)araMg )anRbkasGMBI
erOgRBMRbTl;Ednfa rdæaPi)alesommanbMNgcat;taMg
KN³kmµkarmYy edIm,IkMNt;RBMRbTl;EdnrvagRbeTs
esom nigRbeTskm<úCa ehIyfa CaBiess KYrKb,I
edaHRsaybBaðaPñMRBHvihar. Rtg;enHeTot KWCakarTTYl
sÁal;fa RBHviharCarbs;Exµr.
enAkñúgesovePAmYylkçN³CapøÚvkar Edlman
cMNgeCIgfa {éfsmy½sagqat} e)aHBum<pSayqñaM 1941
manniyayBIGnusBaØaRkúgtUküÚ cuHéf¶TI 9 Ex ]sPa qñaM
1941 )anRbKl;[esomnUvGtItEdndI\NÐÚcin)araMgmYy
cMENkxagRbeTslav ¬R)asaTvtþPU¦ nigRbeTskm<úCa
¬R)asaTRBHvihar¦ )ancUlmkCarbs;RbeTsesom bnÞab;BI
mankarEkERbRBMRbTl;EdnénGnusBaØaenH. Rtg;cMNuc
enH KWTTYlsÁal;fa RBHviharmunqñaM 1941 Carbs;Exµr.
edImkMeNIténvivaTrvagRbeTskm< úCa nigRbeTséf
eTaHbImanbTb,BaØtiþy:agc,as;énsn§isBaØaTaMgLay
nigmankarbMPøWBIÉksarxagEpnTI EdleFVIeLIgeday
Gnuvtþtamsn§isBaØaTaMgenaH nigesckþIRbkasCapøÚvkarxøH
énrdæaPi)aléfkþI k¾RbeTsesomenAminRBmQb;eFVI)atukmµ
edaysBaØaepSg²fa xøÜnenAEtykcitþTukdak;R)asaT
RBHviharCaR)asaTtaMgenAkñúgEdndIesomdEdl.
munÉkraCüRbeTskm<úCa sßanÉkGKÁrdæTUtén
RbeTs)araMgRbcaMRkúg)agkk )antv:aCaeRcInelIkRbqaMg
nwgkarRbRBwtþrbs;raCkaresom ½
- lixitkt;ehtuelx 29¼49¼C cuHéf¶TI 10 Ex
kumÖ³ qñaM 1949 tv:aRbqaMgnwgehtufa raCkarRbeTséf)an
bBa¢ÚnqµaMmñak; nigKUlI 3 nak;[eTAkab;qáaréRBecjBI
R)asaTRBHvihar. KWlixitkt;ehtuRbqaMgnwgkarQøanBan
TwkdIIxusc,ab;enHehIy EdlbBa¢ak;fa R)asaTRBHvihar
sßitenAkñúgEdndIExµr.
- lixitkMNt;ehtuelx 69¼49¼C cuHéf¶TI 21
Ex mIna qñaM 1949 bBa¢ak;bEnßmelIesckþItv:aelIkmun ehIy
suMcMeBaHrdæm®nþIesomxagRksYgkarbreTs[bM)at;kuM[man
sßankarN_RbkbedayPaBsgS½y EdlbNþalmkBIkar
RbRBwtþirbs;raCrdæaPi)alesom ehIysuM[bnßyqµaMCnCati
esomTaMgLay EdltaMgenAEk,rR)asaTRBHviharenaHecj.
- enAéf¶TI 28 Ex kkáda qñaM 1949 tamlixit
elx 197 elak eLGugm:arsal; ¬Leong Marsall¦
CaÉkGKÁrdæTUténRbeTs)araMg RbcaM)agkk )anCUndMNwg
dl;sñgkarCan;x<s;énRbeTs)araMgRbcaM\NÐÚcinfa Pñak;gar
raCkarmñak;rbs;elak enAsßanÉkGKÁrdæTUtRbcaM)agkk
)anbgðajEpnTIkMNt;RBMRbTl;Edn 1¼200>000 cMeBaH
GKÁnaykénmnÞIrxagTisbUBa’ enAmnÞIrrdæm®nþIRksYgkar
breTsesom. Pñak;garraCkaresomenH )anTTYlsÁal;
Tukkartv:aTamTarénRbeTskm<úCa famansPaBRtwmRtÚv.
- lixitkt;ehtuelx 1180 cuHéf¶TI 3 kkáda qñaM
1950 énsßanÉkGKÁrdæTUtRbeTs)araMg RbcaMRkúg)agkk
)anepJICUneTArdæaPi)alesom edIm,IrMlwkGMBIlixit EdlxøÜn
)anepJIeTAeBlmun.
eRkayRbeTsExµr TTYlÉkraCü lixitTaMgLay
GMBIerOgR)asaTRBHvihar RtÚv)anbþÚrKñaeTAvijeTAmkCafµI
rvagsßanÉkGKÁraCTUtExµr EdleTIbnwgtaMgfµInaRkúg)agkk
nwgrdæ)aléf. lTæplCaviC¢man\t)anekItmanbnþicbnþÜc
esaHeLIy.
karRbRBwtþiénraCkarRbeTsesom enAEtdEdl
rdæaPi)alExµrk¾RtÚvEteFVIesckþItv:adUcKña nigesckþItv:a Edl
GñktMNagTaMgLayénrdæaPi)al)araMg )anepJICUneTArdæa-
Pi)alesomenaHEdr.
- lixitelx 14 DGP-X cuHéf¶TI 22 Ex mkra qñaM
1954 ÉkGKÁraCTUténRbeTskm<úCaRbcaMRkúg)agkk )an
tv:acMeBaHrdæm®nþIRksYgkarbreTsesom RbqaMgnwgesckþI
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 9
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
bgÁab; EdlraCkar[KUlIExµr 3 nak; EdlraCkarExµr)an
eRCIsykmk[enAEfrkSaR)asaTenaH [Qb;bMeBjmuxgar
rbs;xøÜn nig[fyecjBITIenaH.
- enAéf¶TI 13 Ex mIna qñaM 1954 ÉkGKÁraCTUt
énRbeTskm<úCa)anCYbGnurdæelxaFikar enARksYgkar-
breTsesom ehIyGnurdæelxaFikarrUbenaH )anR)ab;fa
bBaðaRBHvihar tRmÚv[rdæaPi)alrbs;elakBinitüeday
hµt;ct; ehIyfa elakmuxCanwgeFVICUn[RtwmRtÚvtamBakü
suMénrdæaPi)alExµr. b:uEnþ raCkaresomenAEt[Tahan
esomemIlEfR)asaTRBHvihardEdl.
- enAéf¶TI 9 Ex mifuna qñaM 1954 elakGKÁraCTUt
ExµrRbcaMRkúg)agkk )anepJIlixitfµImYyc,ab;eTAmnÞIrrdæm®nþI
RksYgkarbreTsesom suM[GnþraKmn_cMeBaHraCkarman
smtßkic©énRbeTsrbs;xøÜn edIm,I[TahanfyecjBItMbn;
RBHviharEdlxøÜn)ankan;kab;enaH. eTaHbICamankarKit
KUrCajwkjab;BIrdæaPi)alExµry:agNak¾eday k¾rdæaPi)al
esomenAEtrwgTTwgrkSaTuknUvTahanTaMgLay [EfrkSa
R)asaTRBHvihar EdlCarbs;Exµr.
- enAEx mkra qñaM 1955 raCkaresom)anykpÞaMg
mYycarwkCaGkSrExµr nigGkSresom eTAe)aHenAR)asaT
RBHvihar edayhamXat;CnbreTsTaMgGs; min[Rtac;
creTAtamR)asaT.
- enAkñúgEx kumÖ³ qñaM 1955 manqµaMmñak;CnCati
esom)ancuHbBa¢ImYy edIm,ICaRbeyaCn_raCkaresomnUv
KuNsm,tþi nigGasydæanénGñkTsSnacr.
eTaHbImankartv:aBIrdæaPi)alExµr nigBIGñktMNag
rbs;xøÜnRbcaMRkúg)agkkk¾eday k¾raCkaresomenAEt
Rbkan;Gakb,kiriyarbs;xøÜndEdl dUcCa [kgl,atén
tRmÜteTARtÜtBinitüR)asaTenaHCaGcié®nþy_. CYnbgðÚt
Tg;Catiesom Edlbk;rvic² enAxagmuxR)asaTenARtg;
mat;x<g;rabEpñkxagExµr CYnkalTmøak;cuHmkvijtamcitþ
EdlxøÜncg;. RkúmtRmÜtesommYykg EdltaMgenAcm¶ay
RbEhl 200 Em:Rt xageCIgRckcUlenAkñúgTwkdIesom
)anbBa¢ÚnBYkyaml,at[eTAkan;R)asaT. enAtampøÚvlM
mkBIPUmib¤sSI cm¶ay 500 Em:RtxagmuxTVarcUleTAkñúg
R)asaT mancarwkCaGkSresom labfñaMsenARtg;sñab;
eCIgénssr b¤ enARtg;Rtnab;eCIgrUb. ExµrEdlcg;eTA
hYsR)asaTenH RtÚvsuMesckþIGnuBaØatBItRmÜtesom.
- enAEx kBaØa qñaM 1956 raCkarRbeTsesom )an
tRmÚv[GñkRsukExµr EdlenACitenaH ¬PUmib£sSI¦ eFIVCa
KUlICYsCusfñl; EdlmkBINam»m ¬Nam Om¦ kñúgTwkdI
esom.
tamBitrdæaPi)alExµr k¾)anKit[mnusSeTAkan;kab;
tMbn;RBHviharEdr edIm,Ibgðaj[eXIjBIsiT§iBitR)akdrbs;
xøÜn EdlmanbnþBIGaNaBüa)al)araMg. mü:ageTot eRkay
BIÉkraCü rdæaPi)alExµrk¾)ancat;EcgerOgenHPøamEdr b:uEnþ
edaysarmankarlM)aknwgcUleTAdl;tMbn;enaH rdæaPi)al
Exµrk¾Qb;sin. eRkaymk edayGakb,kiriyaénraCkar
esom)aneFVI[rMeCIbrMCYl rdæaPi)alExµrk¾KitfanwgeTAkan;
kab;tMbn;enaHCafµImþgeTot EtminTan;eTAkan;kab;pg
esom)aneTAkan;kab;tMbn;RBHviharmuneTAehIy. edIm,I
eCosvagkarRbQmmuxdak;Kña EdleFVI[xUcTMnak;TMng
rvagRbeTsTaMgBIr )aneFVI[rdæaPi)alExµrmin)anb:unb:g
eTAkan;kab;RBHviharvij ehIyeBjcitþykerOgenHdak;tu
crcaeTVPaKIvij ebImin)anseRmcdUceskþIR)afñanwgRtÚveFVI
BakübNþwgeTAtulakarGnþrCati.
srubeskþImkvivaTrvagRbeTsExµr nigRbeTsesom
k¾ )anQaneTAdl;karbþwgeTAtulakaryutþiFm’GnþrCati TI
RkúgLaeG RbeTshUløg;d_.
erOgkþIR)asaTRBHvihar
esom )ancUlkan;kab;R)asaTRBHviharedayxus
c,ab;taMgBIqñaM 1940 nigdak;bBa©ÚlR)asaTRBHvihareTA
kñúgbBa¢IR)asaTCatiesom kñúgqñaM 1940 enaHEdr bnÞab;
mk esom)andak;qµaMkarBarenAqñaM 1941.
- kic©RBmeRBógRkúgv:asuInetancuHéf¶TI 17 ]sPa
qñaM 1946 )ancat;TukGnusBaØa qñaM 1941 CaemaX³ nig
tRmÚv[rkSasßanPaBRBMEdn dUcqñaM1941. RbeTsesom
)anRbKl;R)asaTvtþPU[eTARbeTslavvij bu:Enþesommin
RBmRbKl;R)asaTRBHvihar mk[km<úCavijeLIy.
- kñúgEx vicäika qñaM 1953 rdæaPi)alExµr )aneRbI
GFibetyüPaBrbs;xøÜn EdleTIbTamTar)anmkenaH
edaycat;taMgCnCatiExµr 3 nak; [eTAEfrrkSaR)asaT
RBHvihar. bu:EnþCnCatiExµrTaMgbInak;enaH RtÚvcakecjBI
R)asaTmkvij tambBa¢adac;Nat;rbs;GaCJaFresom.
- enAcugEx mIna qñaM 1954 edaymankgVl;kñúgkar
sßabnaeLIgvij nUvsNþab;Fñab;RBMEdnxageCIgenaH raCrdæa-
Pi)alkm<úCa )anRBmanrdæaPi)alRkúg)agkkfa nwgbBa¢Ún
yuvCnkm<úCaeTAkan;R)asaTRBHvihar edIm,ICMnYsqµaMkm<úCa
EdldkxøÜnfyBIR)asaTBIeBlmunenaH. b:uEnþ muneBl
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 10
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
GnuvtþKeRmagenH kgkmøaMgRbdab;GavuFesom)aneTAkan;
kab;R)asaTenHedayxusc,ab;rYceTAehIy.
- enAExmifuna eRkayTsSnkic©CapøÚvkar mkkan;
RbeTskm<úCarbs;elak faNat; xUm:an; rdæm®nþIkarbreTs
esomenaHmk km<úCa)andak;sMeNICafµIsRmab;[esom
eRCIserIs KWkarRKb;RKgR)asaTRBHviharrYmKña eday
RbeTskm<úCa rkSanUvGFibetyüPaBrbs;xøÜn. ebIminRBm
nwgsMeNIenHeT km<úCanwgbþwgeTAtulakarGnþrCati TIRkúg
LaeG.
- enAéf¶TI 06 Ex tula qñaM 1959 Exµr)andak;
bNþwgeTAtulakaryutþiFm’GnþrCati RkúgLaeG.
svnakarsaFarN³éntulakaryutþiFm’GnþrCati
Rk úgLaeG qñaM 1961 nig qñaM 1962
Pñak;garraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa ³
Ék]tþm eRTOg kag smaCik]tþmRkúmRbwkSa
RBHraCblø½gÁ
emFavIrbs;km<úCa ³
- elak Din GaechSan; (Dean Acheson) smaCik
sµakþIéntulakarkMBUlshrdæGaemrik
- elak r:UehS BinTU (Roger Pinto) sa®sþacarü
mhaviTüanItisa®sþ Rkúg)a:rIs
- elak bU:l erIETr (Paul Reuter) sa®sþacarü
mhaviTüanItisa®sþ Rkúg)a:rIs
sakSI ³
elak sYn bun GPi)alextþkMBg;FM BIqñaM 1948
dl;qñaM 1954.
esckþIEføgkarN_rbs;Ék]tþm eRTOg kag kñúg
svnakarenAéf¶TI 05 Ex m Ina qñaM 1962
elakRbFan Gs;elakecARkm
esckþIsnñidæanénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa mandUc
teTA ³
sUmtulakaremtþa ³
1- niyay nigvinicä½yfa ExSbnÞat;RBMEdnrvag
RbeTskm<úCa nigéf enAkñúgtMbn;PñMdgErk KWExSbnÞat; Edl
)anKUsenAelIEpnTI rbs;KN³kmµkarkMNt;RBMEdnrvag
\NÐÚcin nigesom.
2- niyay nigvinicä½yfa R)asaTRBHviharsßitenA
kñúgTwkdICaGFibetyüPaBénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa.
3- niyay nigvinicä½yfa RBHraCaNacRkéfnwg
RtÚvdkTahan Edle)aHTItaMgenAkñúgTwkdIkm<úCataMgBI qñaM
1954 enaHecjBIR)asaTRBHviharvij.
4- niyay nigvinicä½yfa rUbcmøak; silacarwk fµ
R)asaT nigvtßúepSg²eTot EdlGaCJaFréf)anykecjBI
R)asaTRBHvihar taMgBIqñaM 1954 enaH rdæaPi)aléf
RtÚvRbKl;mk[km<úCavij.
salRkmtulakaryutþiFm’GnþrCatiqñaM 1962
sMNuMerOgR)asaTRBHvihar tamsalRkmtulakar
RkúgLaeG éf¶TI 15 Ex mifuna qñaM 1962 KW )anseRmc ³
edaymansemøg 9 Tl;nwg 3 tulakar)anseRmc
fa R)asaTRBHviharsßitkñúgTwkdIenAeRkamGFibetyüPaB
rbs;RbeTskm<úCa ehIyedayehtuenH RbeTséfRtÚvdk
kgkmøaMgRbdab;GavuFTaMgGs; b¤kgb:UlIs b¤Gñkyam nig
qµaM EdlRbeTsenH)andak;enAkñúgR)asaTenHb¤k¾enACuMvij
R)asaT EdlsßitenAkñúgTwkdIrbs;RbeTskm<úCa.
edaysemøg 7 Tl;nwg 5 tulakar)anseRmcfa
RbeTséfRtÚvEtRbKl;mk[RbeTskm<úCavij nUvrUbcmøak;
silacarwk bMENkénbUCnIydæan rUbsMNakeFVIGMBIfµPk;
nigeRKOgcanqñaMgeFVIGMBIdInana Edlcab;taMgBIeBlR)asaT
enHRtÚv)ankan;kab;edayRbeTséf BIqñaM 1954 mk Gacnwg
RtÚvRksYgmansmtßkic©rbs;RbeTsenH ykecjBIR)asaT
enH b¤mYyykBIkñúgtMbn;R)asaTenHeTA.
dMbUgRbeTsesom )anbdiesFcMeBaHsalRkmrbs;
tulakaryutþiFm’GnþrCati RkúgLaeG. bu:EnþenATIbMput KW
enAéf¶TI 21 Ex mifuna qñaM 1962 elakesnaRbmux sarit
(Sarit) Eføgfa RbeTsrbs;elak sUmlM»nkayTTYlyk
esckþIseRmcrbs;tulakaryutþiFm’GnþrCati edIm,IeKarB
tamkic©snüarbs;xøÜn cMeBaHFmµnuBaØshRbCaCati.
enAéf¶TI 5 Ex mkra qñaM 1963 semþc RBHneratþm
sIhnu CaRBHRbmuxrdæ EdlGmRBHraCdMeNIredayRBHsgÇ
nig\sSrCnExµrCaeRcInrUb)anyag nimnþ nigGeBa¢IjeLIg
kan;kab;R)asaTRBHviharBIeBlenaHmk.
kalbriecäTsMxan;² EdlTak;TgnwgkaresñIsuMcuHbBa¢I R)asaTRBHviharcUlCaebtikPNÐBiPBelak
raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa EdlmanRksYgvb,Fm’ nig
viciRtsil,³CaesnaFikar )anerobcMÉksar taMgBIqñaM
2001 mkemø:H edIm,Idak;bBa©ÚlR)asaTRBHviharCaebtik-
PNÐBiPBelak. b:uEnþ edaymankMhusÉksar eTIbyWty:av
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 11
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
eRBaHykÉksarcas; mkEkeFVICafµI ehIyRtÚvsresr
eLIgvij. ÉksarenH RtÚverobcM[cb;munqñaM 2006 ehIy
enAEx mkra qñaM 2006 RtÚvykmkBinitüemIleLIgvij
RbsinebI minxusqÁgeT mYyqñaMeRkaymk ¬qñaM2007¦
RtÚvRbkasbBa©ÚlCapøÚvkareTACaebtikPNÐBiPBelak.3
xageRkamenHCakalbriecäTsMxan;²kñúgkaresñIsuMcuH
bBa¢IR)asaTRBHviharcUlCaebtikPNÐBiPBelak ÷
- éf¶TI 10 Ex tula qñaM 2001 ³ )ancab;epþIm
erobcMÉksaresñIsuMcuHbB¢aIR)asaTRBHvihar cUlCaebtik-
PNÐBiPBelak.
- éf¶TI 26 Ex kkáda qñaM 2005 ³ GKÁnayk
GgÁkaryUeNsáÚ elak kUGIuCIr:U m:at;s‘UG‘Ura: )anman
Rbsasn_fa GgÁkarrbs;elak )anbBa¢ÚnRkúmGñkÉkeTs
eTAkan;R)asaTRBHviharehIy edIm,IBiinitü nigerobcMdak;
R)asaT EdlenACab;RBMEdnesomenH [eTACaebtikPNÐ
BiPBelak.
- éf¶TI 30 Ex mkra qñaM 2006 ³ dak;BaküesñIsMucuH
bBa¢IR)asaTRBHviharCaebtikPNÐBiPB CUnKN³kmµkar
ebtikPNÐBiPBelak enATIRkúg)a:rIs bnÞab;BIRksYgvb,Fm’
nigviciRtsil,³ edaymanTIRbwkSabec©keTs nigCMnYyd¾
skmµBIsMNak;GgÁkaryUeNsáÚRbcaMkm<úCa )anerobcMÉksar
eBjeljmYy RsbtamTisedAENnaMkarGnuvtþGnusBaØa
sþIBIkarkarBarebtikPNÐvb,Fm’ nigFmµCatiBiPBelak
¬qñaM 1972¦.
- éf¶TI 23-29 Extula qñaM 2006 ³ ebskkmµ
bec©keTsrbs;RkúmRbwkSaGnþrCati sþIBIR)agÁR)asaT nig
rmNIydæan (ICOMOS) mkkan;R)asaTRBHvihar.
- éf¶TI 03 Exmkra qñaM 2007 ³ km<úCa)anepJICUnnUv
B½t’manbEnßm sþIBIrmNIydæanR)asaTRBHvihar. RkúmRbwkSa
GnþrCati sþIBIR)agÁR)asaT nigrmNIydæan )anTTYlsÁal;
témøsakld¾Gs©arüénrmNIydæan ehIy)anpþl;Gnusasn_
[dak;rmNIydæanCaTIskáar³énR)asaTRBHviharcUlCa
ebtikPNÐBiPBelak.
- éf¶TI 08 Ex mifuna qñaM 2007 ³ raCrdæaPi)al
km<úCa)anEsVgrkkarKaMRTBIbNþaRbeTsCamitþ edayman
erobcMkic©RbCuMmYyenATIsþIkarRksYgkarbreTs rvagÉk]tþm
3 Rbsasn_rbs;Ék]tþm Cuc ePOn/ kaEstekaHsnþiPaB ecj
pSayéf¶TI 22 Ex FñÚ qñaM 2005
eha NaMhug nigÉk]tþm sux Gan CamYyÉkGKÁrdæTUt
énbNþaRbeTsCamitþRbcaMenAkm<úCa rYmman kaNada kUer:
xagt,Úg Cb:un \NÐa nigKU)a.
- éf¶TI 20 Ex mifuna qñaM 2007 ³ Ék]tþm
sux Gan ]bnaykrdæm®nþI rdæm®nþITTYlbnÞúkTIsþIkar
KN³rdæm®nþI )andwknaMKN³RbtiPUkm<úCa cakecjBITIRkúg
PñMeBj edIm,IeTAcUlrYmRbCMurbs;GgÁkaryUeNsáÚ Edl
RbRBwtþeTAenARbeTsnUEvlehSLg;.
- éf¶TI 23 Ex mifuna dl; éf¶TI 02 Ex kkáda qñaM
2007 ³ KN³kmµkarebtikPNÐBiPBelakénGgÁkar
yUeNsáÚkñúgsm½yRbCMuelIkTI 31 enATIRkúgéRkqWc RbeTs
nUEvlehSLg; )anBinitüsMNMuÉksarTaMgGs;Bak;B½nænwg
sMeNIenH rYcTTYlsÁal;fa rmNIydæanCaTIskáar³énR)asaT
RBHviharmansarsMxan;CaGnþrCati ehIymantémøsakl
Gs©arü RBmTaMgsEmþgnUvesckþIyl;RBmCaeKalkarN_
cMeBaHkardak;R)asaTRBHvihar CaebtikPNÐBiPBelak
ehIyRbFanKN³kmµaFikarenH)anEføgfa eskþIseRmcenH
mann½yfa KN³kmµaFikar)anyl;RBmfa rmNIydæan
CaTIskáar³enH s½kþismnwgbBa©ÚlkñúgbBa¢IebtikPNÐBiPB
elak ehIykarbBa©ÚlnwgeFVIenAkarRbCuMelIkTI 32 naqñaM
2008.4
- éf¶TI 05 Exkkáda qñaM2007 RksYgkarbreTs
esom)anekaHRbCMuTIPñak;garrdæaPi)alTaMgGs; EdlBak;B½n§
cMeBaHRkúmkargarBiess TTYlbnÞúkkardak;bBa©ÚlR)asaT
RBHvihareTAkñúgbBa¢IebtikPNÐBiPBelak énGgÁkaryU-
eNsáÚ. eyageTAtamesckþIRbkasB½t’man Edlecj
edayRksYgkarbreTsesom )an[dwgfa elak
ÉkGKÁraCTUt m:aNas )a:ssU‘tU (Manas Pasxuto) Edl
CaebskCn Biessrbs;RksYgkarbreTsesom nigCa
GñkdwknaMKN³RbtiPUesomeTAcUlrYmRbCMuelIkTI 31 enA
TIRkúgéRkqWc (Christchurch) énRbeTsnUEvlehSLg;enaH
)anGHGagfa RbeTsesom )anKaMRTCanic©dl;kardak;
bBa©ÚlR)asaTRBHvihar eTAkñúgbBa¢IebtikPNÐBiPBelak
ehIy)anesñI[TIPñak;garrdæaPi)alTaMgGs; eRtómxøÜnCa
eRscsRmab;kic©shRbtibtþikarCamYykm<úCa edIm,IsRmb
sRmÜldMeNIrkarenH.
4 sarsemþcGKÁmhaesnabtIeteCa hu‘un Esn epJICUncMeBaHCUnCn
rYmCati éf¶TI 08 Ex kkáda qñaM 2008.
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 12
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
- éf¶TI 17 Ex kkáda qñaM 2007 ³ elak Joseph
Mussomeli ÉkGKÁrdæTUtshrdæGaemrik RbcaMkm<úCa
)anmanRbsasn_fa sßanTUtshrdæGaemrikKaMRTCapøÚvkar
karcuHbBa¢IR)asaTRBHviharCaebtikPNÐBiPBelak enAkñúg
CMnYbCamYyÉk]tþm sux Gan ]bnaykrdæm®nþI rdæm®nþI
TTYlbnÞúkTIsþIkarKN³rdæm®nþI enATIsþIkarKN³rdæm®nþI.
- éf¶TI 18 Ex kkáda qñaM 2007 ³ Ék]tþm
]bnaykrdæm®nþI sux Gan enATIsþIkarKN³rdæm®nþI kñúg
CMnYbénkarCRmablarbs;elakRsI dUnIka b:UTI ¬ Donica
Pottie¦ )anmanRbsasn_fa eyIg)anRbECgy:agxøaMg
CamYyRbeTsesom elIbBaðacMnYn 3 EdlkñúgenaH man
bBaðaRBMEdn EdlcMNucenH Ék]tþm]bnaykrdæm®nþI )an
elIkkarseRmcrbs;tulakarGnþrCati TIRkúgLaeG qñaM
1962 EdlBMuGacEkERb)aneLIy. cMNucTI 2 PaKIesom
)anesñI[mankarBiPakSaKña cMeBaHkardak;R)asaTRBHvihar
eTAkñúgbBa¢IebtikPNÐBiPBelak. cMNucenH Ék]tþm
]bnaykrdæm®nþI )anelIkeLIgfa RbeTskm<úCa CaRbeTs
manGFibetyüPaB dUecñH mincaM)ac;mankarBiPakSaenaHeT
eRBaHR)asaTRBHviharCarbs;Exµr. cMNucTI 3 PaKIesom
)anelIkeLIgBIskmµPaBrbs;eyaFa enAR)asaTRBHvihar
bBaðaenH Ék]tþm]bnaykrdæm®nþI)anelIkeLIgfa eyIg
kMBugniyayGMBIbBaðavb,Fm’ minEmnniyayGMBIbBaðaTahan
enaHeT. R)asaTRBHviharrbs;km<úCa RtÚvEt)anRbkasdak;
CaebtikPNÐBiPBelakenAqñaMeRkay enATIRkúgekbik
RbeTskaNada Cadac;xat.
- éf¶TI 24 Ex kkáda qñaM 2007 ³ KN³RbtiPUmYy
Rkúm rYmman ÉkGKÁrdæTUtshrdæGaemrik tMNagsßanTUt
kaNada tMNagsßanTUtCb:un nigtMNagRksYgBak;B½n§
EdldwknaMedayÉk]tþm va: Kwmhug RbFanKN³kmµaFikar
RBMEdnkm<úCa )ancuHeTABinitüemIlsßanPaBCak;Esþgrbs;
R)asaTRBHvihar.
- éf¶TI 14 Ex mkra qñaM 2008 ³ Ék]tþm
sux Gan ]bnaykrdæm®nþI rdæm®nþITTYlbnÞúkTIsþIkarKN³-
rdæm®nþI GeBa¢IjCaGFibtIkñúgkic©RbCMubUksrubr)aykarN_
RsavRCav nigedIm,IerobcMEpnkarCaCMhankñúgkic©GPirkS
nigGPivDÆn_rmNIydæanskáar³RBHvihar. r)aykarN_enH
RtÚvdak;CUnKN³kmµaFikarebtikPNÐBiPBelakrbs;GgÁkar
yUeNsáÚ EdlCakatBVkic©rbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa Cam©as;
RTBüRtÚvbMeBjbnþ eRkayBIrmNIydæanenHRtÚvCab;eQµaH
CaeKalkarN_kñúgbBa¢IebtikPNÐBiPBelak Edl)an
RbkasedayGgÁkarebtikPNÐBiPBelak kñúgsm½yRbCMu
eBjGgÁ elIkTI 31 eFIVenATIRkúgéRkqWc RbeTsnUEvl
ehSLg; kalBIedImEx kkáda qñaM 2007.
- éf¶TI 21 Ex mkra qñaM 2008 ³ enATIRkúgPñMeBj
)anR)arB§GgÁRbCuMrbs;KN³kmµaFikarCan;x<s;sRmab;tam
dansMNuMÉksarénkarsuMcuHbBa¢IrmNIydæanR)asaTRBHvi-
harCaTIskáar³CapøÚvkar kñúgbBa¢IebtikPNÐBiPBelak
rbs;GgÁkaryUeNsáÚ.
- éf¶TI 26 Ex mkra qñaM 2008 TIsþIkarKN³
rdæm®nþIénRbeTskm<úCa )anecjpSaynUvesckþIRbkas
B½t’manEdlTak;TgnwgkarRbCuM kalBIéf¶TI 21 Ex mkra
qñaM 2008 xagelI.
- éf¶TI 03 Ex mIna qñaM2008 ³ elak sam:ak;
s‘undara:evt naykrdæm®nþIesom EdleTIbeLIgkan;tMENg
)aneFVIkarbBa¢ak;CafµIfa rdæaPi)alesom min)anCMTas;nwg
RbeTskm<úCa kñúgkardak;bBa©ÚlR)asaTRBHviharCasm,tþi
ebtikPNÐBiPBelakeT ehIyCMhrpøÚvkarrbs;rdæaPi)al
esom)anRbkasGHGagenAcMeBaHmuxfñak;dwknaMkm<úCa.
- éf¶TI 03 Ex mIna qñaM 2008 elak Teruo
Jinnai tMNagGgÁkaryUeNsáÚRbcaMkm<úCa )anEføgenAextþ
bnÞaymanC½ykñúgTivavb,Fm’Catikm<úCafa {km<úCabc©úb,nñ
kMBugdMeNIrkarerobcMdak;bBa©ÚlR)asaTRBHvihard¾RbNit
eTAkñúgbBa¢IebtikPNÐBiPBelak. GgÁkaryUeNsáÚ )aneFVI
karshkary:agCitsñiT§iCamYyraCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa kñúgkar
cuHbBa¢IenH}.
- éf¶TI 06 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2008 ³ km<úCa-esom
)anecjeskþIEføgkarN_rYmbnÞab;BIkic©RbCuM sþIBI R)asaT
RBHvihar rvagKN³RbtiPUkm<úCadwknaMedayÉk]tþm sux
Gan ]bnaykrdæm®nþI rdæm®nþITTYlbnÞúkTIsþIkarKN³-
rdæm®nþI nigKN³RbtiPUéfdwknaMedayÉk]tþm vIr:asaDI
hVÚ‘RtaKl; GKÁelxaFikarénRksYgkarbreTséf.
- éf¶TI 20 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2008 ³ Ék]tþm
]bnaykrdæm®nþI sux Gan )andwknaMKN³RbtiPUkm<úCapøÚvkar
mYyRkúm eTAeFVITsSnkic©enAmCÄmNÐlebtiPNÐBiPBelak
naTIRkúg)a:rIs RbeTs)araMg edIm,ICYbBiPakSaKñaCamYym®nþI
GgÁkaryUeNsáÚ Tak;Tgkardak;R)asaTRBHviharrbs;km<úCa
cUleTAkñúgsm,tþiebtikPNÐBiPBelak ehIyedIm,IsRmb
sRmÜlkargareRtómlkçN³eqøIytb nigkic©RbCuMeBjGgÁ
elIkTI 32 enARbeTskaNada GMBIkareRtomÉksardak;
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 13
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
R)asaTRBHviharrbs;km<úCa cUleTAkñúgsm,tþiebtikPNÐ
BiPBelak.
- éf¶TI 22 Ex ]sPa qñaM 2008 ³ Ék]tþm sux Gan
nigÉk]tþm Nubpadun )a:tam:a rdæm®nþIkarbreTsesom
nigelakCMTav RhVg;sV½hS rIvIEyr GKÁnaykrgénGgÁkar
yUeNsáÚ )anCYbRbCuM nigÉkPaBKñaenATIsñak;karyUeNsáÚ
TIRkúg)a:rIs.
- éf¶TI 12 Ex mifuna qñaM 2008 ³ Ék]tþm Eb:n
egOn TIRbwkSaGmTIsþIkarKN³rdæm®nþI nigCaesnaFikar
Tak;TinkrNIR)asaTRBHvihar )anniyay[dwgfa KMnUs
EpnTIkMNt;brievNR)asaTRBHvihar RtÚv)anbBa¢Ún[eTA
RbeTsesom nigTIRkúg)a:rIsrYcehIy. KMnUsEpnTIfµIenH
RtÚv )anRbeTsesomyl;RBmTTYlsÁal;edaykareyaK
yl;Kña nigTMnak;TMngl¥.
- éf¶TI 13 Ex mifuna qñaM 2008 ³ semþcGKÁmha
esnabtIeteCa h‘un Esn naykrdæm®nþIénRBHraCaNacRk
km<úCa )anesñIsuM[tMNagraCrdæaPi)al eFVI\riyabfTMnak;
TMng[)anl¥CamYynwgraCrdæaPi)alesom edIm,ICMrujkar
dak;R)asaTRBHviharcUlCaebtiPNÐBiPBelak enAedImEx
kkáda qñaM 2008 naTIRkúgekbik RbeTskaNada.
- éf¶TI 16 Ex mifuna qñaM 2008 ³ RkúmRbwkSa
snþisuxCatiesom ¬NSC¦ )aneFIVkarKaMRTelIEpnTIR)asaT
RBHviharfµI EdlRbeTskm<úCa)aneFVIeLIg.
- éf¶TI 18 Ex mifuna qñaM 2008 ³ rdæaPi)alkm<úCa
nigrdæaPi)alesom )ancuHhtßelxaRBmeRBogelIesckþI
EføgkarN_rYmmYy sþIBIkarbBa©ÚlR)asaTRBHvihareTAkñúg
bBa¢IebtikPNÐBiPBelakenATIRkúg)agkk RbeTsesom
EdlcuHhtßelxaedayÉk]tþm]bnaykrdæm®nþI sux Gan
nigrdæm®nþIRksYgkarbreTsesom elak Nubpadun )a:tama: .
esckþIRbkasrYmEdlTmøayPaBT½lRckkm<úCa nigesom
kñúgkardak;bBa©ÚlR)asaTRBHvihar eTAkñúgbBa¢IebtikPNÐ
BiPBelakenaH mancMnYn 6 cMNuc ÷
1- RBHraCaNacRkesomKaMRTkarbBa©ÚlR)asaT
RBHviharkñúgbBa¢IebtikPNÐBiPBelak EdlesñIeLIgeday
km<úCaenAkñúgsm½yRbCuMelIkTI 32 rbs;KN³kmµaFikar
ebtikPNÐBiPBelak ¬TIRkúgekbik RbeTskaNada enA
Ex kkáda qñaM 2008¦. brievNénR)asaTRBHviharEdl
smÁal;fa CatMbn; 1 enAkñúgEpnTIKMnUs EdlerobcMeLIg
edayGaCJaFrkm<úCa RtÚv)anP¢ab;CamYyesckþIRbkasrYm
enH. EpnTIenH rYmbBa©ÚlpgEdr nUvtMbn;RTnab; EdlRtÚv
)ansmÁal;fa CatMbn; 2 EdlsßitenATisxagekIt nig
xagt,ÚgR)asaT.
2- kñúgsµartIRbkbedaysucän³ nigkarsRmb
sRmÜl RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa RBmTTYlykkarbBa©Úl
R)asaTRBHviharkñúgbBa¢IebtikPNÐBiPBelak edayBuM
mantMbn;RTnab;enAEpñkxageCIg nigxaglicénR)asaTeT
enAkñúgeBlenH.
3- EpnTIKMnUs Edl)anelIkeLIgkñúgkfaxNÐTI 1
xagelIRtÚvCMnYsEpnTIKMnUsnana EdlBak;B½n§ nigrYmbBa©Úl
TaMg {KMnUsbMRBÜjemsRmab;kMNt;tMbn;R)asaTRBHvihar}
RBmTaMgRkahViceyagTaMgGs; Edlcg¥úlbgðaj {tMbn;
sñÚl nigtMbn;kMNt;nanaénrmNIydæanR)asaTRBHvihar}
kñúgsMNuMÉksarrbs;km<úCa EdlesñIbBa©ÚlR)asaTRBHvihar
kñúgbBa¢IebtikPNÐBiPBelak.
4- kñúgry³eBlrg;caMlT§plkargarrbs;KN³kmµ-
karcRmúHkic©karRBMEdn ¬JBC¦ Bak;B½n§eTAnwgEpñkxageCIg
nigxaglicéntMbn;CuMvijR)asaTRBHvihar EdlkMNt; fa
CatMbn; 3 enAkñúgEpnTIKMnUs dUcmanEcgkñúgkfax½NÐTI 1
xagelI EpnkarRKb;RKgEpñkTaMgenH nwgRtÚverobcMeLIg
edaymankarBieRKaHeyabl;KñarvagGaCJaFrkm<úCa nigesom
RsbeTAtamsþg;darGnþrCati kñúgkic©GPirkSkñúgbMNgrkSa
témøelceFøarCasaklénsm,tþienH. EpnkarRKb;RKgenH
RtÚvbBa©Úlkñúgbøg;RKb;RKgemcugeRkayénR)asaTRBHvihar
nigtMbn;CuMvij EdlnwgRtÚvdak;CUneTAmCÄmNÐlebtikPNÐ
BiPBelakya:gyUrbMput Rtwméf¶TI 01 Ex kumÖ³ qñaM 2010
edIm,I[KN³kmµaFikarebtikPNÐBiPBelakeFVIkarBicarNa
enAkñúgkic©RbCuMelIkTI 34 rbs;xøÜn naqñaM 2010.
5- karbBa©ÚlR)asaTRBHvihareTAkñúgbBa¢IebtikPNÐ
BiPBelak minmanplb:HBal;dl;siT§irbs;RBHraCaNacRk
km<úCa nigRBHraCaNacRkéfkñúgkargare)aHbegÁalRBMEdn
rbs;KN³kmµkarcRmuHkic©karRBMEdn ¬JBC¦ énRbeTs
TaMgBIrenHeLIy.
6- RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa nigRBHraCaNacRkéf
sEmþgnUvkarekatsresIrya:gRCaleRCA cMeBaHÉk]tþm
kUGIuCIr:U m:asU‘r:a ¬Koichiro Matsura¦ GKÁnaykGgÁkar
yUeNsáÚ Edl)anCYysRmÜldMeNIrkarbBa©ÚlR)asaT
RBHviharkñúgbBa¢IebtikPNÐBiPBelak.
- éf¶TI 19 Ex mifuna qñaM 2008 ³ RksYgkar
breTskm<úCa )anerobcMkic©RbCuMmYyCamYysßanTUténbNþa
RbeTshtßelxIénesckþIEføgkarN_rYm GMBIbBaðaR)asaT
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 14
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
RBHviharenaH. kñúgkic©RbCuMenaH Ék]tþm Lúg visaela
rdæelxaFikarRksYgkarbreTs )anR)ab;dl;ÉkGKÁrdæTUt
ÉkGKÁraCTUt ParFarI tMNagsßanTUtTaMgGs; kñúgenaH
man Cb:un Gaemrik \NÐa )araMg GU®sþalI kaNada KU)a
kUer:xagt,Úg GgÁkar UNDP nigshKmn_GWr:ub fa PaKI
Bak;B½n§)ancuHhtßelxarYcehIy elIesckþIRbkasrYm bnÞab;
BIeyIg)anRbKl;EpnTIbrievN R)asaTRBHvihardak;bBa©Úl
CamYyesckþIRbkasrYmenaH ehIykñúgEpnTIenaHk¾Gt;man
niyayGMBIerOgRBMEdnrvagRbeTsTaMgBIr ¬km<úCa-esom¦
eT.
- éf¶TI 20 Exmifuna qñaM 2008 ³ TIsþIkarKN³
rdæm®nþI )anerobcMeFVIsnñisITsarB½t’manmYyCuMvijkic©karcuH
bBa¢ICapøÚvkarkñúgbBa¢IebtikPNÐ nigEpnTItYR)asaTRBH
vihar.
- éf¶TI 24 Ex mifuna qñaM 2008 KN³RbtiPUkm<úCa)an
ecjdMeNIreTAcUlrYmRbCMuenATIRkúgekbik RbeTskaNada.
- enAevlaem:ag 03 nig 15 naTIresoléf¶TI 07
Ex kkáda qñaM 2008 enATIRkúgekbik RbeTskaNada
RtÚvnwg em:ag 2 nig 15 naTIRBwk em:agenAkm<úCa éf¶TI 08
Ex kkáda qñaM 2008 KN³kmµkarebtikPNÐBiPBelakén
GgÁkaryUeNsáÚ )anRbkasCapøÚvkarénkarbBa©ÚlR)asaT
RBHvihareTAkñúgbBa¢IebtikPNÐBiPBelak rYmmanRbeTs
TaMg 21 ¬GU®sþalI )aEr:n )a)adUs eRbsuIl kaNada cin
KU)a eGhSúIb GuIRsaEGl hS½rdg; Eknya: ma:dahaÁsáa
mU:rItanI ma:r:uk nIehSrIya: eb:rU saFarNrdækUer: eGs,a:j
s‘uyEGt TuyeNsuI nigshrdæGaemrik¦ EdlCasmaCik
énKN³kmµaFikarcuHbBa¢IebtikPNÐ BiPBelak)anKaMRTkar
dak;R)asaTRBHviharcUlCasm,tþiebtikPNÐBiPBelak.
skmµPaBxøH² Tak;Tgnwgkic©RbCuMGnum½tR)asaT
RBHviharcUlCaebtikPNÐBiPBelak
ebIeTaHbICaesomtva: min[RbeTskm<úCabBa©Úl
R)asaT RBHviharkñúgbBa¢Ism,tþivb,Fm’ebtikPNÐBiPBelak
ya:gNak¾eday k¾KN³kmµaFikarebtikPNÐBiPBelakmin
yl;RBmtamkarCMTas;rbs;éfenaHeT. TIbMput RbeTs
km<úCaTTYl)aneCaKC½yTaMgRsug kñúgkarbBa©ÚlR)asaT
buraNExµrd¾l,Il,ajenH enAkñúgbBa¢IebtikPNÐBiPBelak.
RbeTsxøH cat;Tukfa esomCMTas;km<úCaxusrebobvar³. tam
karR)ab;[dwgBIRkúmkargarrbs;raCrdæaPi)al Edl)ancUl
rYmkñúgkic©RbCuMenaHfa esom)ancab;epþImCMTas;cab;taMgBICuM
TI 1 énkic©RbCuM. eK)anesñI[GgÁRbCuMBnüarsMeNIrbs;RbeTs
km<úCasin edayEp¥kelIvivaTRBMEdnRbeTsTaMg 2 minTan;
edaHRsaycb;. m®nþIenaH)an[dwgeTotfa KN³kmµaFikar
ebtikPNÐBiPBelakenH eRKagGnum½tcuHbBa¢IR)asaT
RBHviharrbs;RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCacab;taMgBIema:g 2 nig
30 naTI resoléf¶TI 07 Ex kkáda ema:genA
RbeTskaNada RtÚvnwgema:g 1 nig 30naTI eTobPøWéf¶TI
08 Ex kkáda ema:genAkm<úCa. m®nþIdEdlenH)anbnþ
eTotfa edayeyageTAelIkartva:GUsbnøayeBlEvgenH
ehIy EdleFVI[KN³kmµaFikarenHseRmcCapøÚvkar[
km<úCa cuHbBa¢IR)asaTRBHviharrbs;xøÜn rhUtdl;ema:g 03
nig 15 naTI resol éf¶dEdl ema:genARbeTskaNada
RtÚvnwgema:g 02 nig 15 naTI eTobPøI éf¶dEdl ema:genA
km<úCa. KYrrMlwkpgEdrfa enAxN³eBlEdl éftva:ya:g
xøaMgkøaenAkñúgGgÁRbCuMenaH shrdæGaemrik EdlCasmaCik
sMxan;enAkñúgKN³kmµaFikarenH )anelIkédeqøIytbeTAéf
vij[bBaÄb;karCMTas;erOgenH eRBaHkartva:rbs;éfKµan
mUldæanc,ab;eT. m®nþIenaHk¾)anelIkeLIgfa mundMbUg
RbFanKN³kmµaFikarebtikPNÐBiPBelak )anseRmc[
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mancm¶ayRbmaNCa 1 KILÚEm:Rt BIRckTVarRBMEdn.
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enaH.
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6
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TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 16
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bEnßmeTot EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarKaMRTcMeBaHEpnTIfµIén
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bBaÄb;karKaMRTrdæaPi)alesom cMeBaHsMeNIrbs;rdæaPi)al
km<úCa EdlesñIdak;R)asaTRBHviharcUleTAkñúgbBa¢Iebtik-
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LaeG qñaM 1962. RbeTskm<úCaCaRbeTsmanGFib-
etyüPaB dUecñH R)asaTRBHviharCakmµsiTærbs;Exµr.
2- km<úCa)anGnuvtþRtwmRtÚvtamlkçxNÐrbs;GgÁkar
yUeNsáÚ.
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elak min)anseRmceT. TIbMput enAevlaem:ag 03 nig
15 naTI resol éf¶TI 07 Ex kkáda qñaM 2008 enATIRkúg
ekbik RbeTskaNada RtÚvnwgem:ag 02 nig 15 naTIRBwk
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3- edaHRsayvivaTrvagRbeTskm<úCa nigesom[
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fa CasalRkmGnþrCatiTI 2 bnÞab;salRkmrbs;tulakar
yutþFm’GnþrCati TIRkúgLaeG cuHéf¶TI 15 Exmifuna qñaM
1962 nigCakardas;stiCnCatiExµrmYycMnYn EdlBImun
minsUvcab;GarmµN_ b¤minsÁal;R)asaTRBHvihar [mankar
cab;GarmµN_ nigsÁal;R)asaTenHeLIgvij.
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 17
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
kþIrMePIb EdlbBa©b;edaykarQWcab;
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TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 18
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TahanQutexµAéfminRtwmEtmin)andkfyecjBIvtþ
EkvsikçaKirIsVar³b:ueNÑaHeT EfmTaMgelIkT½BCaeRcIncUlmk
bEnßmCabnþbnÞab; nig)anRbkasCaÉketþaPaKIfa vtþEkv
sikçaKirIsVar³ nigtMbn;CMuvijCaTwkdIrbs;xøÜneTotpg. eTaH
Cay:agNakþI BMumankarpÞúHGavuFNamYyenaHeT ehIydMeNaH
RsayCaeRcIn RtÚv)aneFVIeLIgtamkarcrcakñúgRkbx½NÐeTV
PaKI EtminsUv)anlT§plCadMukMPYnenaHeT ehIysPaBkarN_
k¾min)anvilRtLb;dUcmunéf¶TI 15 Exkkáda qñaM 2008
enAeLIy KWmanEtkarcrcamþgehIymþgeTotEtb:ueNÑaH>>>¡
dMeNIrkarcrcamanel,ÓndUcrU:LÚkinfñl;
eTaHbImanbBaðaRbQmdak;Kñay:agNak¾eday k¾
raCrdæaPi)akkm<úCa Rbkan;nUveKalCMhrkñúgkaredaHRsay
bBaðaedaysnþiviFI nig[kgkmøaMgRbdab;GavuFExµrTaMgGs;
manPaBGt;Fµt; eRBaHraCrdæaPi)alyl;eXIjfa Kµan
dMeNaHRsayGVIRbesIrCagkarcrcaKñaenaHeT. karcrca
EdlminsUv)anlT§plTaMgenaH RtÚv)aneFVICabnþbnÞab;dUc
xageRkam ³
- CMnYbelIkTI 1 karcrcafñak;rdæm®nþIkarBarCati
rvagRbeTsTaMgBIr enAextþRsHEkv RbeTsesom naéf¶TI
21 Ex kkáda qñaM 2008.
- CMnYbelIkTI 2 karcrcafñak;rdæm®nþIkarbreTs enA
extþesomrab RbeTskm<úCa enAéf¶TI 28 Ex kkáda qñaM
2008.
- CMnYbelIkTI 3 karcrcafñak;embBa¢akarkgT½B
km<úCa-éf enAextþsurinÞ RbeTsesom naéf¶TI 13 Ex
sIha qñaM 2008.
- CMnYbelIkTI 4 karcrcafñak;rdæm®nþIkarbreTs enA
hYhuIn RbeTsesom naéf¶TI 18-19 Ex sIha qñaM 2008.
lT§plénkarcrcaenH KW)anRtwmEtkarEksRmÜlT½BenA
tMbn;R)asaTRBHvihar eday[cMnYnT½BénPaKITaMgBIr rkSaTuk
enAkñúgvtþ RtwmcMnYn 10 nak; nig enAeRkAbrievNvtþ Rtwm
cMnYn 20 nak; TaMgsgçag ehIynwgmankarcrcaCabnþ
bnÞab;eTot edIm,IeFVIy:agNa[sßankarN_dUckalBImun
TahanQutexµAesomsRmúkcUlvtþEkvsikçaKIrIsVar³rbs;Exµr
kalBIéf¶TI 15 kkáda qñaM 2008
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 19
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
sa®sþacarübNÐit rs; c®nþabuRt
éf¶TI 15 Ex kkáda )ann½yfa kgT½Besom EdlFøab;enAkEnøg
Na eTAenAkEnøgedImenaHvij. CamYyKñaenaHEdr PaKITaMg
BIr )anseRmcyk éf¶TI 29 Ex sIha qñaM 2008 edIm,I
CYbRbCuMKñafñak;KN³kmµkarRBMEdn enAkñúgextþesomrab
RbeTskm<úCa b:uEnþPaKIesom)ansuMelIkkic©RbCuMenH eTAeBl
eRkay edaysMGageTAelIbBaðavibtþineya)ayenAkñúgRbeTs
xøÜn. taMgBIenaHmk minTan;manynþkarNamYy sRmab;
edaHRsayTMnas;enAeLIy. b:uEnþ raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCaenA
EtmanqnÞ³edaHRsayTMnas;edaysnþiviFI.
sa®sþacarübNÐit rs; c®nþabuRt ³ esomeRbIyuT§sa®sþ
GUsbnøayeBl edIm,ImhicätaQøanBanrbs;xøÜn
kmµkarRKb;RKgfñak;bNÐitbg;viPaKTanRsavRCav enAraC
bNÐitsPakm<úCa ¬b>v>s¦ )anbeBa©jTsSn³fa ³
- esomcg;bnþGUsbnøayeBlevla[)anyUr edIm,IkuM
[km<úCabþwgeTAshKmn_GnþrCati manRkúmRbwkSasnþisux
rbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCati nigGgÁkaryUeNsáÚ CaedIm
edIm,I[ecosvag kuM[mankarefáaleTasCaGnþrCatieTAelI
RbeTsxøÜn Edl)anbBa¢ÚnkgT½B[mkQøanBanrMelaPcUl
mkkñúgTwkdI nigGFibetyüPaBkm<úCa.
- esomcg;eRsacRsg;neya)ayxusqÁgrbs;xøÜn
Edl )andak;kgT½BQøanBanmkkñúgTwkdIkm<úCa nigkñuúg
TItaMgsm,tþiebtikPNÐBiPBelak ¬R)asaTRBHvihar¦ edIm,I
eFVIya:gNa [shKmn_GnþrCatibMePøcbnþicmþg²nUvRBwtþi-
karN_rMelaPbMBanenH.
- kñúgkareRbIyuT§sa®sþBnüarkarcrcaenH RbeTséf
maneKalbMNgkarBarplRbeyaCn_esdækic© nigmuxmat;
rbs;esomenAelIqakGnþrCati.
- yuT§sa®sþBnüarkarcrcaenH GacGnuBaØat[esom
GacBRgwgTItaMg nigkarQøanBanrbs;xøÜnmk elIkm<úCa
RBmTaMgbnþkarQøanBan nigRKb;RKgTwkdIkm<úCaenAtam
cMNucRBMEdnrbs;km<úCabEnßmeTot dUckrNIkarrMelaP
dak;kgT½BcUlkñúgTwkdIkm<úCa cMNucRckCaMRsgaM cMNuc
Rcktafav cMNucR)asaTtaman; nigcMNucR)asaTtaRkbI
CaedIm ehIyCayfaehtu yUr²eTABi)aknwgedaHRsay
nigbeNþjecjBITwkdIkm<úCa CaminxannaeBlGnaKt.
dUecñH km<úCaKYrkMNt;eBlevla eBalKW kMNt;
»sanvaTdl;RbeTsesom [dkkgTB½CabnÞan;ecjBIGFib-
etyükm<úCa ehIyminRtÚvpþl;»kas[esom mþgehIymþg
eTot b¤[esomCaPaKIkMNt;eBlevla kñúgkardkkgT½B
QøanBanrbs;xøÜnenaHeT. müa:geTotRtÚvbBa¢ak;R)ab;PaKI
esom[c,as;las; GMBIkarrkSasßanPaBT½B[enACaFmµta
nighamcl½tkmøaMgT½B enAtambeNþayRBMEdnkm<úCa-éf
eTaHbIeRkamrUbPaBCasmyuT§k¾eday EdlGacnaM[man
karpÞúHGavuFCayfaehtu .
edIm,Idak;KMnabdl;PaKIesom [TTYlyknUvlkç-
xNçxagelIenH km<úCaKYrEt ³
- RtÚvbnþbþwgeTAshKmn_GnþrCatimansmaKmGas‘an
¬ASEAN¦ shRbFanTaMgBIr ¬)araMg-\NþÚensuI¦ énkic©
RBmeRBógsnþiPaBTIRkúg):arIs éf¶TI23 Extula qñaM 1991
nigCaBiessRkúmRbwkSasnþisuxGgÁkarshRbCaCati [eFVI
karRBman nigkMNt;kalbriecäTmYy [eTARbeTséf
edIm,IdkkgT½BQøanBanrbs;xøÚnecjBIRbeTskm<úCa.
- RtÚvbiTRckRBMEdnkm<úCa-esomCabeNþaHGasnñ
rhUtdl;mankardkkgT½BQøanBanrbs;éf. EtTTÞwmnwg
enaH eyIgRtÚvrkSa[)annUvPaBs¶b;es¶ómkuM[manGMeBI
hwgSa nigkarpÞúHGavuF. müa:geTot eyIgKYrEtBicarNapg
Edr GMBIviFankarfµIrbs;esomkñúgeBlbc©úb,nñenH Edl
kMNt;karnaMecjbEnø EpøeQI cUlmkkñúgRbeTskm<úCa.
TegVIenH ebItamkarBicarNarbs;eyIg KWmaneKalbMNg
kñúgkareFVI[ raMgsÞHdl;karpÁt;pÁg;esvakmµmðÚbGaharenAtam
sNæaKar. dUecñH KWcg;bMpøaj]sSahkmµeTscrN_km<úCa.
- RtÚvbnþpSBVpSay[)anTUlay b¤mankmµviFItam
RbB½n§pSBVpSaynanaCaRbcaM edIm, Ipþl;B’t ½man sþIBItMbn;
R)asaTRBHvihar edIm,I[B’t ½manenAekþA²Canic© edIm,ITak;
TajmtiCati Biess mtiGnþrCati kuM[ePøcCuMvijbBaðakar
rMelaPbMBanrbs;kgT½BesomenAtMbn;R)asaTRBHvihar.
ebIsinCasßankarN_enH enAEtGUsbnøayeBlevla
teTAeTot nwgeFVI[km<úCaxatbg; b¤)at;bg;eRbobQñH nig
»kasQñHkñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðad¾FMenH.
kareRbIyuT§sa®sþ
GUsbnøayeBlrbs;
esom kñúgkaredaH
RsaybBaðaRBMEdnCa
mYyRbeTskm<úCa
Ék]tþm sa®sþacarü
bNÐitrs; c®nþabuRt
GnuRbFan raCbNÐit
sPakm<úCa nigCa
RbFansþITI énKN³-
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 20
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
eRbóbQñH Edlkm<úCakMBugmaneRcInya:gelIPaKI
esom enaHKW ³
- EpñkpøÚvc,ab;
- EpñkkarTUt BIshKmn_GnþrCati EdlkMBugrg;caM
emIl\tdac; GMBI\riyabTedaHRsayrbs;esom.
- sPaBkarN_neya)ayépÞkñúgRbeTskm<úCal¥
RbesIreRkaykare)aHeqñat. rIÉRbCaBlrdæmanPaBs¶b;
GarmµN_Cagmune)aHeqñat.
- kmøaMgsamKÁIPaBépÞkñúgrbs;km<úCaya:gpulpus
tamry³karcUlrYmpþl;GMeNay nigsYrsuxTukçedaypÞal;
dl;TItaMg\tdac; nigBIRKb;TisTI.
- citþsa®sþkgT½B EdlkMBugBuHBarQrkarBarTwk
dIenAsmrPUmiCYrmux.
- B’t½manBIkgT½BCYrmuxrbs;esom kMBugEt)ak;Twk
citþ manCMgWratt,atCabnþbnÞab; rhUtdl;mansøab;eTAeTot.
dUecñH edIm,Iecosvagkar)at;bg;eRbóbQñH nig»kas
QñHCayfaehtuNamYy km<úCaRtÚvbBa©b;nUvkarGUsbnøay
eBlevlarbs;éfkñúgkaredaHRsaybBaða eRBaHRBwtþikarN_
enH kMBugEtekþAelImtiGnþrCati ehIyebIBnüaeBlteTAeTot
RBwtþikarN_enHnwgkøayCaRtCak; ehIyGacnwgElgTTYl
karcab;GarmµN_BIshKmn_GnþrCatieTot. müa:gvij eTot
esomk¾GacBRgwgkmøaMgenAtamRBMEdn ehIynwgrk)annUv
yuT§sa®sþfµIbEnßmeTot. ebIdUecñHEmnnwgFøak;elIGVI Edl
esomcg;)an. müa:geTot karBnüareBlenHnwgeFVIRbeTs
esomBRgwgneya)ayépÞkñúgrbs;eK)an ehIyEbrmkTb;Tl;
nwgkm<úCavijEfmeTot ehIydl;eBlenaH esomGacEk
ERb b¤ElgeKarBkkic©snüanana Edl)anseRmcrYcmk
ehIyenaH dUcEdleK)aneFVIknøgmk nigfµI²enH ¬krNI
karT®nÞan dak;kgT½BcUlkñúgTwkdIkm<úCa karbEnßmkmøaMg
T½B\tQb;Qr karcl½tT½BenAtambeNþayRBMEdn.l.
RsbeBl Edl)anRBmeRBógfa rkSaPaBs¶b;s¶at;xag
eyaFaenaH¦.
KYrrMlwk nigKUsbBa¢ak;fa esomFøab;mineKarBkic©snüa
CamYyPaKIkm<úCa k¾dUcCaCamYyGnþrCatipgEdr kñúgeBl
knøgmk. sUmelIkEtBIrcMNuc ³
- dUckñúgGMLúgqñaM1959 esom)anRbkasbdiesF
fa RbeTsxøÜnminEmnCasmaCikRbeTs EdlTTYlsÁal;
smtßkic©tulakaryutþiFm’GnþrCati RkúgLaeG enaHeT kar
RbkasEbbenH edIm,IdkxøÜn[putecjGMBIGMNacrbs;
tulakarenH kñúgkarkat;esckþIvivaT erOgR)asaTRBHvihar
kñúgqñaM 1962 EtTIbMputRtÚvGam:as; edayeK)anrkeXIj
fa RbeTsesomk¾CaRbeTshtßelxITTYlsÁal;smtßkic©
tulakaryutþiFm’enHEdr. enaHKWCakarkat;esckþITI 1 Edl
bBa¢ak;faRbeTsesomsßitenAeRkamsmtßkic© tulakar
yutþiFm’GnþrCat i RtÚv)anRbkaskñúgqñaM1961.
- kñúgkic©RbCuMCaGnþrCatimYy dwknaMeday elak
vIløIya:m ¬Williams¦ enAva:suIgetan shrdæGaemrik
EdlmanRbeTscMnYn 5 cUlrYm RbeTsesomFøab;Rbkas
bdiesF nigmineKarBnUvGVI EdlCakic©RBmeRBógGnþrCati
elIsn§isBaØaqñaM 1904 1907/ 1925/ 1937/ nig
kic©RBmeRBóg qñaM1946 rvag)araMg-esom sþIBIkm<úCa
naqñaM1947.
Tmøab;pøas;bþÚrBaküsnüa karCan;QøIrMelaPelIc,ab;
GnþrCati nigmineKarBhtßelxarbs;xøÜnrebobenH enAEt
bnþmkeTot. mYyvijeTot éfk¾enAEtrkSaGakb,kiriya
CaRbeTsQøanBanTwkdIExµrCab;Canic© EdleyIgBuMGacTuk
citþ)aneLIy.
mhicätarbs;éf ³ GtItkal nigbc©úb,nñkal
CemøaHR)asaTRBHviharrvagkm<úCa nigesomminEmn
eTIbEtekItmannaeBlbc©úb,nñenHeT. CemøaHenHkan;Et
eFVI[mankþI)armÖxøaMgeLIg² enAeBlEdlR)asaTCaTI
skáar³rbs;Exµr RtÚv)anTTYlsÁal;CapøÚvkarBIsMNak;RKb;
sßab½nGnþrCati faCakmµsiT§irbs;km<úCa. EtRbeTsesom
enAEtbnþcat;Tukfa R)asaTRBHviharCarbs;xøÜn nig
eRbIR)as;TaMgkmøaMgeyaFa edIm,Ikan;kab;EdndIrbs;km<úCa
edayKµanxøacrGa cMeBaHGFibetyüPaBCatirbs;km<úCa
nigc,ab;GnþrCati EdlmanEcgkñúgsn§isBaØaepSg²rbs;
GgÁkarshRbCaCati. CayUryarNas;mkehIy RbeTsesomminEdllak;
elomBImhicätacg;)anR)asaTRBHviharenHeT. elIsBI
enHeTAeTot RbeTsCitxagenHminEdlePøcextþExµrmYy
cMnYnenAPaKxageCIg ¬sÞwgERtg kMBg;FM nig)at;dMbg¦ Edl
xøÜnRtÚvbgçMcitþRbKl;CUnExµrvij naedImstvtSr_TI 20 eT. k¾b:uEnþ RbeTsesomminFøab;EdlrMlwkTal;EtesaH
GMBITwkdIExµr EdlxøÜn)anrMelaPykeTA nigdak;eFVIeRkam
cMNuHrbs;xøÜnkalBIGtItkal. eKrwtEteFVICaePøcEfmeTot
GMBIvtþmanCnCatiExµrrab;lannak; Edlrs;enAkñúgbNþa
extþPaK|sanRbeTsesombc©úb,nñ ehIyEdlRbCaCn
TaMgenaHenAEtrkSa)any:agx¢ab;x¢ÜnnUvvb,Fm’ TMenomTmøab;
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 21
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
nigGriyFm’ExµrCaerogrhUtmk. minEtbu:eNÑaH RbeTséf
minEdl)anTTYlsÁal;fa xøÜn)anx© IPasa vb,Fm’ nig
GriyFm’ExµrenaHeLIy. éfePøceTotfa RbeTsrbs;xøÜn
eTIbEtekIteLIgenAstvtSr_TI 13 edaykardeNþImyk
TwkdIExµr. enAtamsalaeron eKGackt;smÁal;eXIj Gñkdwk
naMesom bMePøcvtþmanRbeTskm<úCaTaMgRsúgEtmþg. enA
kñúgkarsikSasalardæ ry³eBl 9 qñaMdMbUg esovePA
sikSarbs;esomniyayGMBIsil,³Exµr nigGm,Úrxm ¬Exµr¦ EtBIrbIbnÞat;b:ueNÑaH. EtesovePATaMgenaHEbrCaelIk
erobrab;GMBIvb,Fm’ nigGriyFm’rbs;RbeTsepSg² sUm,I
EtenAq¶ay²BIeKd¾eday. dUecñH GVI²TaMgGs; hak;bIdUcCa
eFVI nigerobcMeLIg edIm,IbM)at;ral;Rbvtþisa®sþBitrbs;
km<úCa bM)at;\T§iBlrbs;GaNacRkExµr EdlFøab;Ca
{m©as;} elITwkdIéfbc©úb,nñ. Rtg;enHeyIgGacyl;eXIjfa
esommancMNucexSay EdlCaGtItkalrbs;xøÜn Edlcg
P¢ab;nwgRbvtþisa®sþvb,Fm’GriyFm’Exµr nigCaBiesseTA
nwgTwkdIrbs;Exµr Edlesom)anQøanBandeNþImykBI
stvtSr_TI 13 énRKwsþskraC.
mhic©tavatTwkdIrbs;éf b¤ Pan-Thai RtÚv)an
elak Francis Lacoste tMNagRbeTs)araMg enAsnñisIT
GnþrCati enATIRkúgva:suIntun )ansresrkt;RtaCasaFarN³
enAéf¶TI 22 Ex ]sPa qñaM 1947 fa ³ {KNbkSneya-
)ayeyaFaesom )anbegáItRTwsþIvatTIniymenHenAkñúgqñaM
1937 edIm,IQaneTAykGMNac. BIeBlenaHmk RTwsþI
vatTIniymecHEtrIkceRmIn )anTTYleCaKC½yCalMdab;
ehIy)anCMruj[esommanmhic©tacg; RKbdNþb;mkelI
RbeTsCitxag} . eyIgGackMNt;mhic©tavatTIniym (Expansion-
nisme) enHteTA ³
1- sn§isBaØatUküÚqñaM 1941
esom)ankan;kab;R)asaTRBHviharCaTIskáar³ BIqñaM
1941 dl;qñaM 1946.
kñúgqñaM 1941 kñúgsm½ys®gÁamelakelIkTI 2
¬1939-1945¦ RbeTsesom)ancgsm<½n§emRtIPaB
cUlkñúgRkúmRbeTsCb:un. edaysMGagelIkmøaMgT½B nig
C½yCMnHrbs;Cb:uneTAelI)araMg esom)anbgçM[)araMgRbKl;
TwkdIExµrenAPUmiPaKxageCIgeTA[xøÜn. RKaenaH esom)an
kan;kab;R)asaTRBHviharCaTIskáar³BIqñaM 1941 dl;qñaM
1946.
2-kñúgqñaM1947
kñúgsnñisITGnþrCati enATIRkúgva:suIgetan Edl
RbRBwtþeTAtamsn§isBaØava:suIgetan qñaM 1946 Rtg;maRta
3 RBHGgÁm©as; skl vrv½NÞ (Prince Sokol Varavorn)
)anTamTa[esIerIsn§isBaØa EdlxøÜn)ancuHhtßelxayl;
RBmCamYyRbeTs)araMg tMNagRbeTskm<úCa qñaM 1893
1904 nig 1907 .
3-BIqñaM 1949 dl ;qñaM 1962 ³ RbeTséf)an
QøanBanRtÜtRtakan;kab;R)asaTRBHvihar nigtMbn;Cit
CuMvij.
4-\LÚvenHBIéf¶TI15 kkáda qñaM 2008 ³ eday
mineKarBsn§isBaØaGnþrCati nigc,ab;GnþrCati EdlxøÜn)an
TTYlsÁal; RbeTséf)anQøanBanrMelaPTwkdIExµreTot
enAtMbn;R)asaTRBHvihar R)asaTtaman; R)asaTtaRkbI
nigtamCYrPñMdgErk.
RBwtþikarN_Rbvtþisa®sþ nigneya)ay dUcEdleyIg
)anelIkmkxagelI GacbBa¢ak;)anya:gc,as;las;fa
RTwsþIvatTITwkdIrbs;éfsßitenACanic©nirnþr_kñúgTwkcitþ eKal
CMhr xøwmsarneya)ayrbs;eK CaBieess cMeBaHRbeTs
km<úCa.
eKalkarN_esIerIsn§isBaØaGnþrCati
mhic©taesom RtÚv)ancgP¢ab;eTAnwgsn§isBaØaTaMg
b:unµan EdlxøÜnFøab;)ancuHhtßelxa nigTTYlsÁal;Ca
saFarN³CamYyRbeTs)araMg tMNag[RBHraCaNacRk
km<úCa. dUecñH esomRtÚverobcMdUcemþc edIm,IbMePøc bMPan;
mti bnøM b¤eFVICaRcLMlubecalGVITaMgGs; EdlCacMNuc
exSayrbs;xøÜn.
1-sn§isBaØa)araMg-esom
enAkñúgTsSn³ nigeKalkarN_enH esom)anbegáIt
RTwsþI Pan-Thai ¬éfFM¦ RTwsþIvatTIniym (Expansionnisme)
nigeqøótRKb;»kas edIm,IesIerIRKb;sin§isBaØa EdlFøab;
yl; RBmcuHhtßelxaCamYynwgRbeTs)araMg Edl
CaRbeTsGaNaBüa)altMNagRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa.
sn§isBaØaTaMgenaHmanCaGaT× ³
- qñaM1904 ¬13¼02¼04¦
- qñaM 1907 ¬23¼03¼07¦
- qñaM 1925
- qñaM 1937
- qñaM 1946 CaedIm .l.
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 22
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
2-salRkmtulakaryutþiFm’GnþrCati (Cour
Internationale de Justice, CIJ)
bEnßmBIelIsn§isBaØaxagelI esomRtÚvkarrkRKb;viFI
edIm,IkMeTcsalRkmtulakaryutþiFm’GnþrCati RkúgLaeG
éf¶TI 15 Ex mifuna qñaM 1962 .
eyIgsUmrMlwkfa salRkmenaHmanBIrcMENk ³
- qñaM 1961 ¬27¼05¼61¦ EdlTTYlsÁal; fa
tulakaryutþiFm’GnþrCati mansmtßkic© nigGMNacRKb;RKan;
kñúgkarkat;kþIvivaTkm<úCa-esom.
- qñaM 1962 ¬15¼06¼62¦ Edlkat;kþI[Exµr
QñHéfkñúgsMNuMerOgR)asaTRBHvihar. KWR)asaTRBHvihar
sßitkñúgGFibetyüPaBExµr nigbUrNPaBTwkdIExµr.
mhicätacas; yuT§sa®sþfµI
karseRmcrbs;KN³kmµaFikarebtikPNÐBiPBelak
rbs;GgÁkaryUeNsáÚ kalBIéf¶TI 7 Exkkáda qñaM 2008
knøgeTAenH KWCasaldIkaelIkTIBIr Edlecjeday
shKmn_GnþrCatiRbqaMgnwgesom ehIyTTYlsÁal;GFib-
etyüPaB nigbUrNPaBTwkdIExµr. esckþIseRmcrbs;
shKmn_GnþrCatienH )anbBa©b;mhicätavatTIniymrbs;
éf. dUecñHesomRtÚvshKmn_GnþrCatiefáaleTasCaelIkTI
2 ehIy. b:uEnþRbeTsesomenAEtminGs;citþ ehIy)annaM
KñarMelaPelIRKb;sn§isBaØa salRkm nigesckþIseRmc
RKb;Ebbya:g edIm,IrkelsdeNþImykR)asaTRBHvihar
nigQøanBanrMelaPTwkdIExµr.
karQøanBanrbs;esom mkelIGFibetüPaB nig
bUrNPaBTwkdIExµr ekIteLIgcMeBl EdlesomkMBugEtman
vibtþineya)ayépÞkñúg EdleKemIleXIjtamry³karekIt
man)atukmµ\tQb;QrkñúgRbeTs. eqøót»kasd¾l¥enH
bkSRbqaMgesom )aneRbIR)as;krNIR)asaTRBHviharExµr eFVI
CaRbFanbTeXasna edIm,ITak;TajRkúmGñkRbqaMg nwg
rdæaPi)alrbs;elak sam:ak; sundar:aevt EdlekIt
ecjBIkare)aHeqñat qñaM 2007.
b:uEnþeRkaymk )aneqøótyk»kasenH GñkdwknaM
esom ¬GacCa sam:ak; xøÜnÉgpÞal; GacCaemT½BCan;x<s;
esom b¤GacCaT½BecaréRB¦ )aneRbIR)as;sMNMuerOgR)asaT
RBHvihar edIm,IbBa¢ÚnkgT½BTahanesom[mkQøanBan
e)aHTItaMgenAtMbn;R)asaTRBHviharrbs;Exµr R)asaTtaman;
FM taman; tUc nigtaRkbI nigtMbn;CYrPñMdgErkrbs;Exµr.
yuT§sa®sþ ykExµrsmøab;Exµr
enAkñúgneya)ayQøanBankan;kab;TwkdIExµrenH esom
)andak;Tahan EdlmanedImkMeNItExµr[QrenACYrmux
Tl;nwgRkúmTahanExµr. dUecñH kñúgkrNI Edlmans®gÁam
pÞúHeLIgCayfaehturvagRbeTsTaMgBIr ExµrTaMgBIrRkúm
nwgsmøab;KñaeTAvijeTAmkCaminxan. dl;eBlenaH KMnMu
karsgswk nigkarTas;ETgEbk)ak;Kña enAkñúgcegáamBUC
sasn_Exµr nwgbnþsßitenArvagExµr nigExµrCaerogrhUt.
RBwtþikarN_QøanBanTwkdIkm<úCa cugeRkayenHeFVI[
eKyl;eXIjfa Gñkneya)ayesomRKb;Can;fñak; TaMgGs;
ecHEbgEckKñaeFVIkic©kary:agl¥ nigbegáItqakelçan edIm,I
bMPan;mtiCatiExµr nigmtishKmn_GnþrCati.
yuT§viFIBnüareBlcrca
bnÞab;BI)anrMelaPbMBanQøanBan nigQreCIgelI
TwkdIExµr karcrcaGMBIbBaðaRBMEdnrvagRbeTsTaMgBIr k¾
cab;eepþImeLIg. EtebIBinitüemIl[CitbnþiceTAkic©crca
enH hak;dUcCapþl;RbeyaCn_ya:geRcIn eTA[PaKIesom
EdleqøótekgRbv½Ba©ykcMeNjBIPaBTn;Pøn; nigneya)ay
snþiviFIrbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm<úCa. CMnYbRbCMuenAéf¶TI 21
28 kkáda nigéf¶TI 18-19 sIha qñaM 2008 knøgeTA
enH min)anpþl;lT§plGIVCak;lak;enaHeT. PaKIéf)an
ERbRkLas;BaküsmþI nige)aHsmþIGmitþRKb;Ebby:ag
TaMgGs; edIm,IBnüarkarcrcaeTVPaKI. CagenHeTAeTot
RbeTsenH)anBüayamrkehtuplepSg²mkeFVICaels.
esom)anBnüareBlcrca edIm,IcMeNjeBlevla.
enHminEmnCal,icfµIeTb¤? esomFøab;eRbIR)as;l,icenH rYcmk
ehIy enAkñúgGMLúgeBlcrcaGMBIsMNMuerOgR)asaTRBHvihar
enAkñúgTsvtSr_mun². esom)aneRbIl,icklenH GUsbnøay
eBltaMgEtBIqñaM 1954 rhUtdl;qñaM 1962. esomyl;fa
eBlevlanwgCYy[eKcMeNjeRcIn kñúgEpñkneya)ay nig
mhic©tavatTwkdI.
eKalbMNg
eKalbMNgényuT§sa®sþrbs;esomsBVéf¶enHKWcg; ³
- bBaÄb;karefáaleTasrbs;RkúmRbwkSasnþisux
shRbCaCati nigkarfñaMgfñak;rbs;shKmn_
GnþrCati
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 23
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
- sþarsßankarN_neya)ay kñúgkarcUlQøan-
Bankm<úCa nigsþarmuxmat;cRkBtþiniymfµI
rbs;xøÜn
- sþarplRbeyaCn_CaeRcIneLIgvij enAelI
qakGnþrCati
- rm¶ab;Rbtikmµrbs;mtiGnþrCati nigeFVI[sh
Kmn_GnþrCatiePøcbBaðacUlQøanBanRbeTs
km<úCa
- BnüareBlkarQreCIgenAelITwkdIExµr edIm,I
QaneTArkkan;kab;TwkdIExµrTaMgRsúgEtmþg.
- minEtb:ueNÑaHyuT§sa®sþesom EdleRbIeBl
evlaCa]bkrN_ nigeFVI[RbCaBlrdæExµr
rsaycitþePøcerOgTwkdI nigmanstiGarmµN_
mineBajcitþ nwgneya)ayrbs;raCrdæaPi)al
km<úCa.
cMNucEdlKYrBicarNa
enAkñúgbBaðaRbeTsesomQøanBan mkelIGFib-
etyüPaB nigbUrNPaBTwkdIRbeTskm<úCa nigneya)ay
vatTwkdIrbs;dIrbs;cRkBtþifµIenH eyIgmancMNucCaeRcIn
EdlKYrelIkykmkBicarNa ³
1- etIshKmn_GnþrCati nigRbeTssmaCikGas‘an
Kity:agdUcemþcGMBIbBaðaenH? mkdl;stvtSr_TI 21 eTA
ehIy etIeKGacbeNþay[éfQøanBanmkelIGFibetyü
PaBrbs;RbeTskm<úCa EdlCasmaCikGgÁkarshRbCa-
Cati nigGas‘anEdrb¤y:agNa? 2- etIshKmn_GnþrCatiGaceCOTukcitþ nigeFVI
shRbtibtþikarCamYyRbeTsesom EdlmanmhicätavatTI
niym Can;QøIsn§isBaØaGnþrCati nigmineKarBtamkic©snüa
rbs;xøÜnenaHEdrb¤eT? 3- etIkarEdlRkúmTahanesomcUllukluy Qøan
Bankan;kab;TwkdIExµr GacbBa©b;vivaTépÞkñúgenARbeTsxøÜn
)anEdrb¤eT?
4- etIkarccarkm<úCa-esom GacQaneTArkPaB
eCaKC½y nigyutþiFm’b¤eT?
5- etInaykrdæm®nþIfµI elak s‘uméq vgSsava:t
EdlsßitenAkñúgcegáamelakGtItnaykrdæm®nþI fak;suIn
nigelak sama:k; GacedaHRsay nigbnþkarcrcaenH )an
b¤eT? ebIRkúmGñkRbqaMgenAEtRbqaMgdEdl?
eTaHCay:agNa eyIgKYrrMlwkfa esomCaRbeTs
htßelxIénkic©RBmeRBógTIRkúg)a:rIs éf¶TI 21 qñaM tula
qñaM 1991 sþIBIdMeNaHRsayneya)ayrYmenAkm<úCa eday
snüafa eKarBRBMEdnkm<úCa. Gakb,kiriyaRkGWtRkTmrbs;esomEbbenH Gac
bMpøajTMnak;TMngenAkñúgsmaKmGas‘an nigbNþal[man
karxUcxatCaeRcIneTAéf¶GnaKt.
TnÞwmKñaenaH TMnak;TMngeTAéf¶muxrvagRbCaBlrdæ
Exµr nigesom GacnwgmanPaBl¥k;kkr edaysarEtmhicäta
nigPaBRkGWtRkTmrbs;Gñkneya)ayesom. esomePøc
ehIyfa km<úCaKWCaTIpSard¾FMmYysRmab;plitkrrbs;xøÜn.
kñúgsPaBkarN_bc©úúb,nñ RbeTskm<úCamanEtrYc
xøÜn nigxatEtbu:eNaÑaH. cMeNkÉPaKIéf manEtcMeNj
nigrYcxøÜn.
sRmab;BuT§sasnikExµr GñkmanCMenOeTAelIbuNü
)ab karcUlQøanBanrbs;éf nigkan;kab;tMbn;CaTIskáar³
R)asaTRBHvihar EdlCakmµsiTi§rbs;ExµrenH KWCakar
RbRBwtþxulqÁgd¾FMmYyenAkñúgRbvtþisa®sþ nigCMenOrbs;xøÜn.
enAkñúgKti nigCMenOrbs;BuT§sasnikExµr )aneFVI niTsSn_fa
naeBlGnaKt enARbeTséfnwgmanvibtþiépÞ kñúgkan;Et
F¶n;F¶rxøaMgCagenH Cak;Caminxan.
bNÐit sux TUc ³ eBlenH CaeBlExµrRtÚvrYmrYmKña
)anbeBa©jTsSn³fa eBlenHCag eBlNa²TaMgGs;
EdlExµrTaMgGs;RtÚvrYbrYmKñakñúgCMhrEtmYy kñúgkarkarBar
TwkdIExµreyIg edayminRtÚvbeNþay[breTs cUlmk
QøanBanedayxusc,ab;enaHeT ehIyRbeTsesom RtÚvEt
eKarBGFibetyüPaBCatiExµr esomRtÚvEtdkTahanrbs;xøÜn
ecjBITwkdIExµrCabnÞan;edayKµanlkçxNÐ. éf)anrMelaP
kñúgxN³Edl
mankarQøanBan
CabnþbnÞab; BIsM-
Nak;Tahanesom
sa®sþacarübNÐ it
sux TUc GnuRbFan
viTüasßanTMnak;TMng
GnþrCatikm<úCa nig
Casa®sþacarüviTüa
sa®sþneya)ay
sa®sþacarübNÐit sux TUc
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 24
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
y:agF¶n;F¶rcMeBaHsalRkmtulakaryutþiFm’GnþrCati cuHéf¶
TI 15 Ex mifuna qñaM 1962 k¾dUcc,ab; nigkatBVkic©
CaGnþrCatinana} .
bTBiesaFn_Rbvtþisa®sþ)anbgðajfa esomCaRbeTs
eBareBjedayl,ic ehIyminsUveKarBnUvGVI EdlxøÜnsnüa
enaHT. RbeTsenHniyayepSg eFVIpSwg. cMNucenH
km<úCaRtÚvmankarRbúgRby½tñ[EmnETnral;karseRmccitþ
NamYyCamYyRbeTsenH. CaBiesskñúgkarcrcabBaða
RBMEdnCamYyesom km<úCaRtÚvRbkan;CMhr[)anrwgmaMkñúg
kareRbIR)as;EpnTI EdlCa]bsm<½n§énsalRkmtulakar
y utþiFm’GnþrCati qñaM 1962 CamUldæankñúgkarkMNt;
RBMEdnCamYyesom.
elakbNÐit sux TUc )anelIkeLIgfa «rs;kñúg
snþiPaB RtÚveRtomxøÜneFVIs®gÁam b:uEnþBMuEmns®gÁamCati
sasn_ÉgenaHeT KWkareRtomxøÜneFVIs®gÁamCamYybreTs
QøanBan. dUecñH karhVwkhat; karbNþúHbNþalkgT½B
karBarRBMEdn nigerobcMlkçN³eRtomRbyuT§ CaParkic©
sMxan;bMputrbs;RksYgkarBarCati EdlminRtÚveFVsRbEhs
)aneLIy. CamYyKñaenaHEdr kar]btßmÖ nigpÁt;pÁg; kgT½B
RtÚveFVI[)ansmrmü. kgT½BRtÚvmanvin½y ÉksNæan
nigyueT§abkrN_RKb;RKan;. eTaHbI RbeTseyIg man
snþiPaBBitEmn EtbreTsCitxagenAEtmanKMnitQøanBan
rMelaPTwkdIeyIgRKb;eBlevla dUecñHkgT½BkarBarRBMEdn
km<úCaRtÚveRtomRbyuT§Canic© ehIyyuvCnkm<úCaRKb;rUb
RtÚveRtomxøÜnbMeBjkatBVkic©eyaFa tamtRmÚvkarrbs;
RbeTsCati. eyIgRslaj;snþiPaB EteyIgminxøacs®gÁam
QøanBaneT. ExµrRtÚvEtxøaMg ExµrRtÚvEtrwgmaM ExµrRtÚvman
karGPivDÆ [EtExµrrYbrYmKña nigRslaj;Kña. »
TidæPaBR)asaTRBHviharCaTIskáar³rbs;Exµr
TsSnavdþIviTüasa®sþ én v>T>G>k qñaMTI 1 elx 1 Ex tula-FñÚ qñaM 2008 TMB½rTI 25
R)asaTRBHviharExµr nigmhicätaQøanBanrbs;esom ³ GtItkal nig bc©úb,nñkal eday ³ viTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa
PñMRBHviharemIlBIcm¶ayragdUcblø½g Á EdleBareBjeday)armI k,alnaKd¾RbkbedaymhiT§ib£T§i
skmµPaBfñak;dwknaM nigm®nþIraCkarénviTüasßanTMnak;TMngGnþrCatikm<úCa naMyksmÖar nigfvika RbeKnRBHsgÇ
nigCUnGaCJaFr nigRbCaBlrdæ enAtMbn;R)asaTRBHvihar kalBIéf¶TI 28-29 Ex kkáda qñaM 2008