TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC GIAO THÔNG VẬN TẢI

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ti qun l im thi i hc

TRNG I HC GIAO THNG VN TI

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN **************************

BI TP LN

TI: QUN L IM THI I HC(Mn: Nhp mn h qun tr c s d liu ACCESS)

Gio vin hng dn: Nguyn Kim Sao Lp: Mng my tnh v truyn thng K51 Nhm thc hin: Phan Th Hng Th Diu Huyn

H Ni, thng 5 nm 2011

Nhp mn h qun l c s d liu

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MC LCLI M UChng 1 1 1.1 1.2 2 2.1 2.2 3 3.1 3.2 4 4.1 4.2 5 5.1 5.2 6 6.1 6.2 Chng 2 1. 2. CC BC CHUN B..................................................4 Xy dng c s d liu.....................................................4 Khi nim v c s d liu Access...................................4 Bng d liu (Tables)........................................................4 Thit k truy vn (Query)................................................8 C s l lun......................................................................8 Cc bc thit k truy vn (Query).................................9 Thit k giao din (Form).................................................11 C s l lun......................................................................11 Cc bc thit k giao din (Form).................................11 Thit k bo co (Report).................................................14 C s l lun......................................................................14 Cc bc thit k bo co (Report).................................15 Thit k trang truy cp d liu (Pages)...........................16 C s l lun......................................................................16 Cc bc thit k trang truy cp d liu (Pages)...........16 Thit k Macro..................................................................18 C s l lun......................................................................18 Cc bc thit k Macro..................................................19 BO CO TNG TH THIT K V CHY CHNG TRNH......................................20 Bo co tng th thit k..................................................20 Chy chng trnh hon thnh........................................20

LI CM N


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LI M U

Hin nay cc k thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng sp din ra trn c nc. Vic qun l im thi i hc, cao ng l mt ti cp thit i vi tt c cc trng i hc, cao ng c nhu cu tuyn sinh qua thi tuyn trong ton quc. p ng nhu cu nhm chng em bt tay vo vic nghin cu mt phn mm c th gii quyt cng vic qun l im thi i hc mt cch hiu qu v chnh xc hn. Phn mm c rt nhiu tnh nng m cc nh qun l im thi quan tm nh: Tnh im tng, im bao gm im thng, nhp v xem im vi giao din d nhn tng chnh xc trong qu trnh nhp v tnh im, v im l mt c s nh gi trt ca th sinh. c bit tnh nng truy vn (Query) c cha tham s ca phn mm gip ngi s dng c th truy cp vo bt k bng ghi no c trong phm vi qun l v chnh sa. Tnh nng d s dng l quan trng nht, trong thi i cng ngh hin nay, vic s dng c tin hc vn phng rt ph bin, chnh v th m phn mm qun l im c vit trn nn Access nm trong b Office ca tp on Microsoft l mt li th cho ngi s dng. Ngoi ra ngi s dng cn c th thay i mt s tnh nng ca phn mm c th ph hp vi ban hnh ca B Gio dc v o to. D rt c gng , nhng do kin thc cn hn hp nn trong qu trnh lm cn gp rt nhiu sai st, chng trnh cn s si, n gin . V th chng em rt mong nhn c s ng gp kin t thy c cng nh cc bn, nhm gip chng em hon thin hn v sn phm ca mnh.


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CHNG 1:

CC BC CHUN B1. Xy dng c s d liu1.1 . Khi nim v c s d liu Access (CSDL Access)

CSDL Access l mt i tng bao gm tp hp cc bng d liu, cc kt ni gia cc bng c thit k mt cch ph hp phc v lu tr d liu cho mt ng dng qun l d liu no . V d: CSDL Qun l im Thi i hc bao gm tp hp cc bng d liu: hosothisinh, thoigianthi, truonghoc, diemthitonghop, khuvuc, huyen/quan, tinh/thanhpho, diadiemthi, nganh thi, phach1, phach2, phach3 c kt ni vi nhau mt cch ph hp phc v lu tr d liu cho ng dng qun l im thi i hc ca mt n v tuyn sinh. Ton b cu trc CSDL qun l im thi i hc trn Access c m t nh sau:

Hnh 1.1: M t lin kt cc bng d liu


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1.2 Bng d liu (Tables) 1.2.1 C s l lun Bng d liu (Tables) l mt thnh phn quan trng nht ca c s d liu (CSDL). N l ni lu tr d liu tc nghip cho ng dng. Mt CSDL c th c rt nhiu bng d liu, cc bng phi c thit k sao cho c th lu tr c y d liu cn thit v phi m bo gim ti a tnh trng d tha d liu, gim ti a dung lng c s d liu c th, ng thi to mi trng lm vic thun li cho vic pht trin ng dng trong cc bc tip theo. Mt bng d liu trn Access bao gm cc thnh phn: * Tn bng. * Cc trng d liu * Trng kha. * Bn ghi. * Tp hp cc thuc tnh cn thit cho mi trng d liu v tp hp cc bng ghi.

Mi ct l mt trng d liu (Field)

Mi dng l mt bng ghi (Record)

Hnh 1.2: M t mt bng d liu trong trng thi Datasheet


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Trng kha (Primary Key)

Tp hp cc thuc tnh ca trng d liu.

Hnh 1.3: M t mt bng d liu trong trng thi Design view

1.2.2. Xy dng cu trc bng (Tables) gii quyt bi ton qun l im thi i hc (h thi tuyn) ta cn thit lp cc bng d liu nh sau: hosothisinh, thoigianthi, truonghoc, diemthitonghop, khuvuc, huyen/quan, tinh/thanhpho, diadiemthi, nganh thi, phach1, phach2, phach3 Ta tin hnh to bng hosothisinh theo cc bc sau: * Bc 1: Khi ng trnh thit k cu trc bng ch Design View, th Tables, nhn nt New, chn Design View, nhn OK. Hoc nhn Creat Table View trn th Tables. Hp thoi thit k kt cu trc mt bng xut hin:


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Hnh 1.4: Hp thoi thit k bng * Bc 2: Khai bo danh sch tn cc trng ca bng: bng cch g danh sch cc trng ln ct Field Name ca ca s thit k. i vi bng hosothisinh bao gm 12 trng l: Mahoso, Sobaodanh, Hodem, Ten, Ngaysinh, Gioitinh, MaTinh/ThanhPho, MaHuyen/Quan, Matruonghoc, Truongduthi, MaNganh, Madiadiem * Bc 3: Khai bo kiu d liu cho cc trng ca bng, bng cch chn kiu d liu cho tng ct Data Type tng ng. * Bc 4: Thit lp trng kha cho bng bng cch: - Dng chut kt hp gi phm Shift nh du u dng cc trng mun thit lp kha. - M thc n Edit | Primary key thit lp thuc tnh kha cho cc trng va chn. Cng c th ra lnh ny bng cch nhn nt Primary key trn thanh cng c.


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* Bc 5: Lu li cu trc bng vi tn hosothisinh. Nhn t hp phm Alt + S hhoc nhn nt Save trn thanh cng c. Tng t ta to cc bnh d liu khc: - Bng truonghoc gm cc trng nh sau: Khuvuc, Matruonghoc, Tentruonghoc, Mahoso. Trong Mahoso c chn lm trng kha chnh. - Bng tinh/thanhpho gm cc trng nh sau: MaTinh/Thanhpho, TenTinh/Thanhpho. Trong MaTinh/Thanhpho c chn lm trng kha chnh. - Bng huyen/quan gm cc trng nh sau: Mahoso, MaHuyen/Quan, TenHuyen/Quan, MaTinh/Thanhpho. Trong Mahoso c chn lm trng kha chnh. - Bng khuvuc gm cc trng nh sau: khuvuc, diemkhuvuc. Trong khuvuc c chn lm trng kha chnh. - Bng nganhthi gm cc trng: MaNganh, TenNganh, Khoithi, ChitieuTS. Trong MaNganh c chn lm trng kha chnh. - Bng thoigianthi gm cc trng: Khoithi, Mamonthi, Cathi, Ngaythi. Trong Mamonthi c chn lm trng kha chnh. - Bng diadiemthi gm cc trng: Madiadiem, Tendiadiem, Diachi, SlPhongthi. Trong Madiadiem c chn lm trng kha chnh. - Bng phach1 gm cc trng: Maphach1, Sobaodanh, Mamonthi, Diemtoan. Trong Sobaodanh c chn lm trng kha chnh. - Bng phach2 gm cc trng: Maphach1, Sobaodanh, Mamonthi, Diemly. Trong Sobaodanh c chn lm trng kha chnh. - Bng phach3 gm cc trng: Maphach1, Sobaodanh, Mamonthi, Diemhoa. Trong Sobaodanh c chn lm trng kha chnh. - Bng diemthitonghop gm cc trng: Mamonthi, Sophach, Tuiso, Diemthi, Mahoso. Trong cc trng Mamonthi v Sophach c chn lm trng kha chnh.


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Thit lp quan h (Relationship) Sau khi to xong cc bng d liu, ta phi tin hnh lin kt cc bng li vi nhau d liu ca tng bng c th kt ni tr thnh mt h thng lu tr d liu hon chnh. * To lin kt cho cc bng c s d liu nh sau: - Cc bng phach1, phach2, phach3 lin kt 1-nhiu vi bng hosothisinh thng qua trng Sobaodanh. - Bng nganhthi lin kt 1-nhiu vi bng hosothisinh thng qua trng MaNganh. - Bng diadiemthi lin kt 1-nhiu vi bng hosothisinh thng qua trng Madiadiem. - Bng thoigianthi lin kt 1-nhiu vi bng diemthitonghop thng qua trng Mamonthi. - Bng truonghoc lin kt 1-nhiu vi bng hosothisinh thng qua trng Mahoso. - Bng tinh/thanhpho lin kt 1-nhiu vi bng hosothisinh thng qua trng MaTinh/Thanhpho.

Hnh 1.5: To lin kt gia cc bng d liu.


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- Bng diemtonghop lin kt nhiu-1 vi bng truonghoc thng qua trng Mahoso. - Bng truonghoc lin kt nhiu-1 vi bng khuvuc thng qua trng Khuvuc. - Bng huyen/quan lin kt nhiu-1 vi bng tinh/thanhpho thng qua trng MaTinh/Thanhpho.


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1.2.3 Nhp d liu cho bng Sau khi to lin kt cho bng ta c th nhp d liu cho bng mt cch d dng v chnh xc. Ta tin hnh nhp d liu t hai pha, bt u t bng d liu hosothisinh v tinh/thanhpho.

Hnh 1.6: Nhp d liu t bng hosothisinh

Sau khi nhp d liu cho trng kha chnh ca bng ny ta c th lin kt n mt bng khc bng cch kch chut vo du cng (+).

Hnh 1.7: Nhp d liu t bng tinh/thanhpho


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2. Thit k truy vn d liu (Query) 2.1. C s l lun Truy vn d liu (Queries) l mt cng c x l d liu trc quan, hu hiu trn Access. C rt nhiu dng yu cu x l d liu nh: trch, lc ,hin th d liu, tng hp, thng k, thm, bt, cp nht d liu,V vy s tn ti mt s loi Query tng ng gii quyt cc yu cu x l d liu trn. Trong Access c cc loi truy vn d liu nh: - Select Query - Total Query (Truy vn tng hp) - Parameter Query (Truy vn c cha tham s) - Crosstab Query (Truy vn cho) - Action Query (Truy vn hnh ng) - SQL Query 2.2. Cc bc thit k truy vn (Query) xem im ca th sinh d thi (Gm 1 bng ghi hay nhiu bng ghi) ta c th s dng mt trong s kiu truy vn nu trn ty thuc vo mc ch truy vn. V d: Hy a ra bng im cc mn thi i hc ca mt th sinh nhp tn t bn phm nh. D liu gm cc thng tin nh sau: Hodem, Ten, Ngaysinh, Gioitinh, Sobaodanh, phach1.Diemthi, phach2.Diemthi, phach3.Diemthi Phn tch yu cu: - Thng tin cn hin th c lu tr trong 4 bng d liu khc nhau, l bng hosothisinh, phach1, phach2, phach3. - T 4 bng d liu trn, ta phi trch lc c nhng thng tin v im thi i hc ca th sinh. Cc bc tin hnh to Query: - Trong ca s to Query ta c th chn 1 trong 2 cch to Query l Create query in Design view (T thit k mi) hay Create query by using wizard (Thit k vi ng dng c sng).


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Hnh 2.1: Giao din thit k Query - Tip n ta chn cc trng c lin quan trong cc bng d liu l hosothisinh, phach1, phach2, phach3.

Hnh 2.2: Ca s cha cc bng thng tin v cc trng chn lm tham s.


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Hnh 2.4: Ca s thc thi truy vn.


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3. Thit k giao din (Form)3.1 . Khi nim v Form

Khi s dng mt ng dng, a phn cng vic ca ngi dng lm trn cc hp thoi (Dialogue), ca s (Windows). C 2 thnh phn ny trong lp trnh u c gi l Form. Vi ngi dng, Form l giao din s dng phn mm; cn vi nhng ngi pht trin phn mm, Form l nhng ci m h phi ngh, phi thit k v to ra sao cho ngi dng h cm thy rt thoi mi, ph hp v d dng. C 2 mi trng dng to Form trong Access: - S dng trnh Form Wizard. y l cch rt n gin, nhanh chng, d dng gip to nhanh mt Form. - S dng trnh Form Design View - mt cng c tng i hon chnh to ra cc form p ng nhiu yu cu khc nhau ca ngi s dng. 3.2. Cc bc to Form * To form xem v nhp im cho sinh vin bng cch s dng Form Design View . * u tin ta to form cho bng d liu Danhsachdiem. - Ta chn cc trng d liu cn hin th trn form qua danh sch Selected Fields nh hnh sau:

Hnh 3.1: Chn cc trng d liu cn hin th trn form.Nhp mn h qun l c s d liu Trang 15

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- Sau bm next chuyn sang bc tip theo l chn b cc hin th v chn giao din hin th cho Form.

Hnh 3.2: Ca s la chn b cc hin th cho Form.

Hnh 3.3: Ca s la chn giao din hin th cho Form. - Cui cng bm Finish hin th kt qu.


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Hnh 3.4: Kt qu thc thi Form. * Theo yu cu th ta phi thit k Form bao gm hai thng tin l im v thng tin sinh vin, do ta phi thit k thm form Danhsachsinhvien vi cc bc thit k tng t nh phn thit k form cho Danhsachdiem. Ri thc hin cc bc sau: - M form Danhsachsinhvien,sau kch vo biu tng sang ca s t thit k. chuyn

- Ko th form Danhsachdiem t ca s lm vic ca form vo ca s hin th ca form Danhsachsinhvien. - C th to thm cc nt lnh mi thay th cho cc nt lnh m trng trnh h tr sn (c th khng to cng c).

Hnh 3.5: Thit k mt Form cho hai bng d liu.Nhp mn h qun l c s d liu Trang 17

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- Kch vo biu tng vi tn Xem&nhapdiem.

chy th form v lu form va thit k li

Nt lnh to mi.

Form im c ghp vo form thng tin SV

Hnh 3.6: Kt qu hin th Sub-form Xem&nhapdiem.


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4. Thit k bo co (Report)4.1 . C s ly lun

- Bo co (Report) l mt cng c hu hiu dng thit k cc mu bo co trong Access. Cc bo co c s dng hin th d liu ca chng ta mt cch c h thng. - Bo co (Report) c th thit k c nhng mu biu in n n gin n nhng mu biu phc tp phc v nhu cu in n a dng ca ngi dng. 4.2. Cc bc thit k Bo co - Thit k truy vn cho report (S dng truy vn xem im trung bnh) - Thit k report bng cch s dng Report wizard. - Chn cc trng c s d liu trong truy vn mun hin th.

Hnh 4.1: La chn cc trng d liu hin th trn Report. - Chn trng d liu masinhvien nhm d liu trong report. - Chn cch thc trnh by report nh tng t nh phn thit k giao din cho form. - Nu mun thay i mt s thuc tnh trong report th m report ch Design view thay i.


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Tiu trang bo co

Phn hin th

Phn hin th tn cc ct (trng) Page Footer

Tiu trang

Hnh 4.2: Ca s thit k Report ch Design View. - Thc thi report, ta c kt qu hin th nh sau:

Hnh 4.2: Kt qu hin th bo co (Report)


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5. Thit k trang truy cp d liu (Pages) 5.1. C s l lun Trang truy cp d liu l mt kiu trang Web c bit, c kt ni trc tip n d liu trong c s d liu. D liu ny c th c lu tr trong c s d liu Microsoft Access (*.mdb) hoc trong c s d liu Microsoft SQL Server. Pages cho php hin th son v son tho d liu c bn. Chng ta c th xem thng tin tm tt hoc thm nhp su vo d liu thy c bn ghi chi tit c lin quan vi thng tin tm tt. 5.2. Cc bc thit k Pages - To truy vn cho trang truy vn d liu ( y ta ly li truy vn DTBAV1 to phn trn) - To trang truy vn d liu ch wizard, chn truy vn v cc trng d liu mun hin th thit k trang truy cp d liu.

Hnh 5.1: La chn trng d liu cho trang truy cp d liu. - Chn trng d liu nhm thng tin trn trang truy cp d liu ( y ta chn trng Masinhvien)


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Hnh 5.2: Chn trng d liu hin th trn trang truy cp d liu. - M trang truy cp d liu dng Design view tinh chnh thuc tnh v cu trc ca trang truy cp d liu.

Hnh 5.3: Tinh chnh cu trc, thuc tnh ca trang truy cp d liu. - Thc thi trang truy cp d liu va to, kt qu nh sau:


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Hnh 5.4: Kt qu thc thi trang truy cp d liu. 6. Thit k Macros 6.1. C s l lun Trong Access Macro th hin cc tc v ring bit ca ngi dng chng hn nh m mt Form hoc chy mt bo co v cho php ta m rng ng dng c s d liu mt cch d dng. Cc Macro c th c s dng cho nhng tc v c lp i lp li tit kim thi gian. Cc Macro c th thc hin cc tc v nh: - Chy cng lc cc truy vn v cc bo co. - M cng lc nhiu Form v nhiu bo co. - Kim tra tnh chnh xc d liu trn cc Form. - Di chuyn d liu gia cc bng. - Th hin cc hnh ng khi ta kch vo nt lnh.6.2 . Cc bc thit k Macros

- Thit k macro vi cng mt hnh ng l OpenForm v Open Query - Trong trng d liu Form Name, ta chn tn form mun m. y, ta chn form Nhap&xemdiem1.


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Hnh 6.1: To hnh ng cho Macro - Lu macro va to - Thc thi macro va to, ta thy form Nhap&xemdiem1 c hin ln khi kch hot macro ny.


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CHNG 2: BO CO TNG TH V CHY CHNG TRNH 2.1. Bo co tng th thit k 2.2. Chy chng trnh hon thnh


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LI CM NCui cng chng em xin cm n Trng i hc Giao thng Vn ti v Khoa Cng ngh thng tin to iu kin cho chng em nghin cu ti ny. Cm n ging vin Nguyn Kim Sao tn tnh hng dn chng em hon thnh ti mt cch tt nht. V cm n nhng ngi gp cho chng em hon thin ti!!!

Nhm thc hin: Phan Th Hng Th Diu Huyn


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