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Advanced Chemical Analysis

Surface Processing & Design

TriboSystem-Modelling & Simulation

Metrology in Tribology

TriboSystemCharacterisation

Material Analysis

Lubricants & Lubrication

Engineering & Prototyping

High Temperature Tribology

Micro-/Nanotechnology

Chemistry

Physics

Material science

Electrical engineering

Mechanical engineering

Contact kinetics

Materialography

Coating & interface design

Chemical/physical boundary layer

Surface topography

Research topics Long-term additive efficiency by close-to-

reality stressing of lubricants & fuels Impact of fuel quality on

engine oil performance Lubricity of bio-components in fuels Sensor design for onsite oil condition

monitoring of lubricants Ionic liquids & nano-particles in lubricants Guidelines for fit-to-application lubricants

The research activities are focussed on the optimisation of tribosystems development of novel diagnostic techniques, applied to both model systems in the laboratory and practical tribosystems.

Our major challenge is to find the correlation between the tribological behavior of a suitable laboratory model and the tribosystem in the real application to design adequate testing methods.

Data obtained from diagnostic methods are combined with results and knowledge from chemistry, mechanical engineering, materials science and numerical modelling to gain a holistic view of the tribosystem investigated.

Topographic effects due to surface finishing processes

Tribology of combustion engine parts Differenciation of tribological processes

by nanoscopic wear measurement Evaluation of model test for advanced

friction investigations Electrically loaded tribosystems Frictional behaviour due to tailored

surface modifications Tribomaterials for optimised sliding systems

Research topics

Our vision is to measure, understand, and to control lubricant as well as fuel behaviour over time.

Alteration (ageing), which comprises all changes of bulk properties and additive surface interactions under application conditions is one of the main research activities. The impact of lubricant and fuel deterioration in different scales (i.e., macro-, micro-scale, collodial and molecular level) on tribological performance is determined.

Complementary, novel lubricant concepts (e.g., ionic liquids, nano-particles, "green" additives) and reliable oil condition sensor systems based on multiparameter sensors are developed.

Lubricants &Interface

Mechanisms

Friction SurfacePhenomena &

Tribodiagnostics

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Aerospace & Advanced Composites Material Analysis

Metallographic Laboratory (Precision Cut-off Machines, Hot Mounting Press, Lapping and Polishing Machines)

Macro-Hardness Tester (test mass 10 kg)Micro-Hardness Tester (test mass 10 - 1000 g)Advanced Scratch Tester (for spherical surfaces)High Temperature Scratch and Hardness Tester (20 - 1000 °C)

Nanoindenter and Nanoscratchtester in Clean Room Environment (ISO 14644-4 class 7)

Stereo-Microscope with Digital Camera and Picture Processing

Light-optical MicroscopeOptical Light Microscope with Digital Camera and Picture Processing

Tribosystem-Modelling & Simulation

LINUX Cluster with 1344 Processor Cores (25 TFlops)Comsol Multiphysics SoftwareMatlab Simulink SoftwareMathematica SoftwareCAT - Crystal Analysis ToolLAMMPS - Molecular Dynamics SoftwareVASP - Vienna Ab-initio Software Package

Atomistic simulation of grinding a nanocrystalline 3D iron specimen (left) with two visualized AC²T-developed grain orientation tomographs (right)

Direct Diode Laser (robot controlled)

Surface Processing & Design

8 kW Direct Diode Laser Cladding Plant (robot controlled)Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) Welding PlantImpeller Tumbler TribometerASTM G65 Dry Sand Rubber Wheel Tester with Slurry UnitHigh Temperature Dry Sand Rubber/Steel Wheel Tester with abrasive heating unit (20 - 800 °C)

High Temperature Continuous Impact Abrasion Tester Single Impact Tester High Temperature Corrosion Prover (20 - 1400 °C)

Pin-On-Disc Vacuum TribometerSliding Bearing Vacuum TribometerCold Welding - Fretting TesterTesting Unit of Gear and Bearing under Thermal VacuumForming TribometerThermal Vacuum Chamber in Clean Room (ISO 14644-4 class 7)

Universal Mechanical Testing Machines from -269 °C to 2000 °C with optional Acoustic Emission

High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM) with Focussed Ion Beam (FIB) and Electron Backscattered Diffraction

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SEM analysis chamber

SEM-FIB

Heating due to frictional sliding contact in a wheel-rail contact

Optical Light Microscope

High Resolution High Accuracy Tandem Mass Spectrometer with Ion Trap and Fourier Transform in Clean Room Environment (ISO 14644-4 class 7)

Atmospheric Pressure Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Mass Spectrometer (for organic compounds on surfaces)

Electrospray Ionisation (for samples in solution) Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionisation

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Linear Trap Quadrupole Orbitrap XL and Photo Diode Array High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Theta Probe - Small-Spot Parallel Angle Resolved X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (PAR-XPS) in Clean Room Environment (ISO 14644-4 class 7)

Gas Chromatograph

Small-Spot PAR-XPS in Clean Room

XPS analysischamber

Non-contact topography measurement systems 3D Confocal White Light Microscope 3D White Light Microscope with Interferometer 3D Focus Variation Microscope 3D Profilometer (mobile equipment) (location: Linz)

Metrology in Tribology

Radio-Isotope Concentration (RIC) method "nm/h wear" measurement based on radioactive isotopes

Equipment for measuring of electrical and mechanical parameters and Eddy Current Sensors

Confocal Miniature Sensors for Displacement in the µm-rangenm/µm-Particle Sizing RigFast Motion Camera SystemsHigh Speed Camera (30.000 images/s)High Speed Infrared Camera (20 - 2500 °C)Light Scattering Sensor System for non-contact characterisation of tribological surfaces

Wear measurement scheme based on RIC method

Gas Chromatograph coupled with Flame Ionisation Detector and Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer

Diverse Injection Systems for GC Liquid Injection (for samples in solution) Pyrolysis (for solid or high molecular samples) Headspace (for volatiles) Constant Pressure Infusion (for gases) Solid-Phase Microextraction Direct Inlet Probe in the Mass Spectrometer

Advanced Chemical Analysis

Non-contact topography measurement system

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SRV® IV Tribometer (High Frequency Friction Machine) with adjustable inclination and rotation of the test chamber

SRV® III Tribometer (20 - 290 °C)SRV® I Tribometer (20 - 800 °C)Universal Mechanical Tester TriboLab™ (location: Linz)

Pin-on-Disc Tribometers (horizontal, vertical)High Temperature Pin-on-Disc TribometerPin-on-Drum Tribometer (ISO 4649)High Load Ring-Friction-and-Wear Tribometer (torque up to 700 Nm)

Low Load-Ring-Friction-and-Wear TribometerHigh Temperature Ring-Friction-and-Wear Tribometer (20 - 1000 °C)

Precision Bearing TribometerJournal Bearing TribometerPrecision Tribometer with Block-on-Ring AdapterReciprocating Test Machine with, e.g., Block-on-Plate Unit (up to 10000 N)

Reciprocating Test Machine with, e.g., Wheel-Rail Unit (up to 8000 N)

Micro Load Tribometer (up to 200 mN) with Electrochemical Cell

Thread Forming Test Rig Radial Bearing TribometerHip Joint SimulatorsDoctor Blade / Press Roll Test RigSliding Corrosion TribometerSliding Corrosion Tribometer with Electrochemical Cell

Brugger Lubricant TesterPermeability Measuring Systems (for cylindrical and planar samples)

Biological Safety Cabinet Class II

Tribosystems Characterisation

Reciprocating Test Machine with Wheel-Rail-Unit

High Temperature Chamber of Ring-Friction-and-Wear Tribometer

Universal Mechanical Tester TriboLab™

Engineering & PrototypingSample and Prototype Manufactoring Workshop (with, e.g., milling, drilling, welding, grinding, lapping machines)

Laboratory equipment (for sensor development)CAD-Software (Solid Works)Labview 8 software (for sensor data recording)FlexPro software (for data analysis)

Sensor system for oil condition monitoring evaluated in artificial alteration device

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Lubricants & Lubrication

Fourier Transform Infrared SpectrometerFourier Transform Infrared MicroscopeUV-Vis SpectrometerX-Ray Fluorescence SpectrometerInductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscope (ICP-OES), diverse standards

Artificial Oil Alteration Devices (mechanical, thermal, chemical, oxidative)

Oxidation Stability of Oils (RBOT, RPVOT), ASTM D 2272

Oxidation Characteristics of Oils (TOST), ASTM D943

BAM Stability Test Apparatus, DIN 51352 part 1 and 2

Baader Stability Test Apparatus, DIN 51554Diesel Injector Rig for Determination of Shear Stability (Orbahn), DIN 51382

Filtration Apparatus for Determination of Contaminations in Lubricants, DIN EN 12662

Gas-in-Liquid Solubility Device (25 - 150 bar, 50 - 200 °C)

Laboratory for Lubricants ISO 9001 : 2015 (certificate registration no. Q1530899) ISO 14001 : 2015 (certificate registration no. U1530899)

Device for Determination of Rust-Preventing Characteristics, ISO 7120

Copper Strip Test, EN ISO 2160 Cold Cranking Simulator, ASTM D 5293

Oil in different conditions during artificial alteration (from right to left: increasing degree of deterioration)

Infrared Spectrometer with Cuvette (top left) and ATR Unit (top right)

ICP-OES for elemental analysis; analysis chamber with plasma torch (operated with different sample solutions)

Mini Pour Point Tester based on DIN ISO 3016Micro coking tester based on GFC Lu 27-T-07Stabinger Viscometer, ASTM D 7042Brookfield Viscometer, ASTM D 2983, DIN 51398Capillary Viscometers (Ubbelohde, Herzog), ASTM D445Rotational RheometerFlash Point Closed Cup (Pensky Martens), ASTM D 93, DIN EN ISO 2719

Flash Point Open Cup (Cleveland), EN ISO 2592, ASTM D92

Devices for the Determination of interface properties Water Separability, ASTM D 1401 Air Release Behaviour, DIN 51381 Foaming Characteristics, ASTM D 892 Water Separation Ability after Contact with Steam, DIN 51589

Universal Tensiometer (plate, ring, etc.) Spinning Drop Tensiometer

Research topics

Our approach is to model and simulate realistically tribological processes (e.g., friction and wear) as inherently multiscale phenomenal (i.e., hierarchical in length and time), in a multiscale manner by coupling different computational methods, which are highly accurate on their typical length/time scales.

Advanced theoretical and numerical methods are creatively adopted and extended to understand important tribological mechanisms and to achieve findings by covering all hierarchical aspects of the various processes involved.

Our major research focus is to develop fundamental knowledge of material degradation processes caused by external loads and environmental conditions.

Investigations are performed on a wide range of materials such as metals, ceramics, polymers and hard coatings using model and close-to-reality component tests.

Very early near-surface damage is investigated using advanced analytical tools in order to analyse the influence of microstructure evolution, residual stresses and crack propagation on lifetime of tribosystems.

A major research goal is the development of wear resistant materials and coatings for specific applications and harsh environments.

Multiscale mechanisms & coupling strategies Mathematical description of rough surfaces Ab-initio modelling of nano-tribological systems Advanced asymptotic modelling of lubricant flow Modelling of mixed lubricated contacts Elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication calculation Experimental and numerical modelling

of wear mechanisms

Research topics Abrasion resistant multi-phase materials Corrosion in tribosystems Wear mechanisms in electrical

contact systems Wear mechanisms at high temperature Surface damage effects

due to cyclic loading Tribology of forming applications

Tribology

Wear Processes &Protection

Computation &Experimental

Simulation

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Research supported by:

AC²T research GmbH

Austrian Center of Competence for Tribology

European Center of Tribology®

Coordinates for navigation: 47°50'13.62" N, 16°15'11.97" E

Distance to Vienna International Airport: 50 km (40 min by car or 80 min by public transport)

Legal form: Limited liability company Location: Wiener Neustadt FN 225694 d / Landesgericht Wiener Neustadt EU-PIC: 999467631VAT ID number: ATU55519004 ÖNACE Code: 72.19-0 EORI Code: ATEOS1000022224 DUNS Code: 300635302

Main location: Technology and Research Center Wiener NeustadtViktor-Kaplan-Straße 2/C, 2700 Wiener Neustadt

As a R&D service provider AC²T is engaged since 2002 in the systematic collaboration and interdiscipli-nary cooperation to accelerate the utilisation of new holistic tribological solutions and processes carried out in R&D projects together with our customers as well as in co-financed EU projects.Since April 2010 AC²T is operating the umbrella project "XTribology", which ranks in the highest excellence class within the Austrian research programme COMET (“Competence Centres for Excellent Technologies”) and is scheduled for a period of 10 years. More than 100 national and international project partners form the core of the XTribology consortium.Today more than 130 employees are working at AC²T (> 4000 m² laboratories and offices in the Technology & Research Center Wiener Neustadt). The modern technical equipment of the laboratories is correspondingly extensive. In addition approximately 25 employees are working at the AC2T subsidiary Aerospace & Advanced Composites GmbH.The academic qualifications and the core competences of the employees cover, in particular, following scientific fields: chemistry, physics, material science, mechanical engineering, mechatronics, electrical engineering as well as computer science.

Technology & Research Center

Office Linz: Techcenter LinzHafenstraße 47, 4020 Linz

Phone: +43 (0) 2622 81600 Fax: +43 (0) 2622 81600 99 office@ac2t.at www.ac2t.at

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