Treaty of Lisbon Europe towards the XXI century. The way of Lisbon Treaty 1. Countries of the...
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Transcript of Treaty of Lisbon Europe towards the XXI century. The way of Lisbon Treaty 1. Countries of the...
Treaty of LisbonEurope towards the XXI century
The way of Lisbon Treaty
1. Countries of the European Union
2. The main European treaties
3. Why a new Treaty?
4. Decisions of the Lisbon Treaty:
- More efficient - More democracy- More transparency -
Better foreign policy- More security- New policies
5. The entry into force of the Treaty
Index
1. Countries of European Union
1986
1973
1951
1981
1995
2004
1. Belgium
2. Bulgaria
3. Czech Republic
4. Denmark
5. Germany
6. Estonia
7. Ireland
8. Greece
9. Spain
10. France
11. Italy
12. Cyprus
13. Latvia
14. Lithuania
15. Luxembourg
16. Hungary
17. Malta
18. Netherlands
19. Austria
20. Poland
21. Portugal
22. Romania
23. Slovenia
24. Slovakia
25. Finland
26. Sweden
27. United Kingdom
2007 1
2
3
4
5
6
13
14
20
15
18
24
23
16 22
8
27
2526
10
11
21 9
17
12
7
19
Croácia
FYROM
Turquia
2. The main treaties
18th of April 1951 - Paris 25th of March
1957 - Rome
26th of February
2001 - Nice29th of October 2004 – Rome*
* Constitutional Treaty has not enter into force
13th of December 2007 - Lisboa
2nd of October 1997 Amesterdam
7th of February 1992 - Maastricht
3. Why a new Treaty?
2. Increase of Member States and, consequently, increase of complexity for decision making in many matters.
1. Globalisation: increase of competition and global interaction.
Brazil
Russia
IndiaChina
USAJapan
EU
3. Need to bring Europe closer to citizens.
4. Meet the new challenges of the XXI century.
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The European Union becomes a unique identity with a legal personality.
There is no mention in European Communities but in European Union.
4. Decisions of the Treaty
+ Democracy
Better Foreign policy
+ Transparency
+ Security
New policies
+ Efficient
4. Decisions of the Treaty
More efficient, how?
The creation of a new institutional framework: the current structure to meet the needs of the EU-27.
- The President of the European Council will be appointed for 2 ½ years;
- Simplification of process for decision making;
- In terms of foreign policy: greater coherence and effectiveness.
+ Efficient
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The new institutional framework
European Commission
European Parliament
Council
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The new institutional framework – European Parliament
• 736 Members
• Elected 5 in 5 years (direct universal suffrage)
•Organized into political groups
2009-2014
Powers:Political (exerts political control over all the institutions)
Legislative (adopts legislation – Regulations, Directives. Decisions opinions, in co-decision with the Council)
Officer (approves the EU budget jointly with the Council)
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The new institutional framework – European Parliament
- brings greater power in legislative, budgetary and approval of international agreements;
- fixes the number of MEPs at 751 (750 + the chairman);
- establishes the principle of digressive proportionality, i.e., members of the most populous countries account for a greater number of citizens than the least populous countries;
- states that the number of seats per Member State shall not be less than 6 nor more than 96.
The Treaty:
Portugal will hold 22 MEPs in the European Parliament
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The new institutional framework – Council of European Union
- 1 Minister for each Member State in accordance with the subject for discussion (eg. Ministers of agriculture, environment, finance, etc.);
- Each Member State holding the Presidency of the Council for a period of six months on a rotating basis.
Council
- It’s the main decisions making body of the EU;
- Legislative body of the Union in conjunction with Parliament;
- Coordination of general economic policies of Member States;
- It shares budgetary authority with Parliament;
- Celebrate international agreements between the Union and other states or international organizations.
Functions:
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The new institutional framework – Council of European Union
Changes to the level of decision making:- Generalization of the co-decision with Parliament (Legislation Regular Procedure) if the qualified majority voting extended to more areas (e.g.. immigration and culture);- Change of the calculation of the qualified majority: consist in the double majority of Member States and population.
The Council will continue to share their legislative and budgetary functions to the European Parliament and retain a central role on foreign policy, security policy (CFSP) and economic policies.
From 2014Approval
the affirmative vote of 55% of Member States representing at least 65% of EU population
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The new institutional framework – European Council
The European Council:
- brings together the Heads of State and Government of the European Union and Commission President;
- defines general political guidelines of the European Union.
Building Justus Lipsius, Brussels
- acquires status of an institution of the Union with the task of defining the general policies of the EU;
- will be led by a chairman chosen by the European Council by qualified majority for a term of 2 ½ years, renewable once, to ensure greater continuity in EU initiatives and greater external visibility.
With the Treaty:
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The new institutional framework – European Commission
Functions:
• 27 Commissioners
• Appointed by the governments of 27 Member States
• 5-year term
• Headquarters in Brussels
2009-2014
Law initiative (proposals for legislation);
Executive Branch (the Legislation and the Budget of EU policies);
Guardian of the Treaties (it ensures Community law).
Barroso Commission
4. Decisions of the Treaty
The Treaty provides that:
2 3
The new institutional framework – European Commission
- One of the Vice-Presidents of the Commission will be the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, who will perform an overall coordination role of the Union’s external action.
From 2014
- Reduced Membership : of Member State;
- Members chosen on the basis of equal rotation.
The European Council of December 2008, taking into account the concerns of Irish people, agreed that the Commission will continue to consist of one national from each Member State.
4. Decision of the Treaty
More democracy, how?
+ Democracy
Institutions more open and new opportunities for European citizens to make their voices heard, by:
- "Right of popular initiative“, 1 million citizens could launch a European initiative;
- national parliaments and European Parliament acquire new powers to democratic control (early warning mechanism);
- the Charter of Fundamental Rights guarantees the protection of citizens rights.
4. Decisions of the Treaty
Ensure the freedom of establishment
Put the Human Being at the heart of EU actionPreserve and develop
common values
Respect the diversity of different cultures and traditions
Respect the national identities of Member States
Promote a balanced and sustainable development
Ensure freedom of movement (people, goods, services, capital)
What are the objectives?
Gather into a single text all the rights of European citizens!
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU
4. Decisions of the Treaty
Chapter VI
Justice ArticlesEx. Art. 47 “Everyone whose rights and freedom guaranteed by the law of the Union and who are violated, has the right to effective remedy before a tribunal”
Chapter V
Citizenship Articles
Ex. Art. 45 “Any EU citizen has teh right to move and reside freely in the Member States territory”
Chapter II
Liberties Articles
Ex. Art. 10 “Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion”
Chapter III
Equality Articles
Ex. Art. 20 “All persons are equal before the law”
The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU
Chapter IV
Solidarity Articles
Ex. Art. 33 “It ensured the protection of family
on legal, economic and social plan”
Chapter I
Dignity ArticlesEx. Art. 2 “Nobody can be sentenced to death or executed”
4. Decisions of the Treaty
More transparency, how?+ Transparency
- The Treaty of Lisbon puts emphasis not only on "what" but also on "how";
- It establishes a clearer division of powers between the European and national levels, to clarify who does what;
- The positions taken by national governments in the Council of Ministers which deliberate on legislative acts, will be subject to public scrutiny (because they are public).
4. Decisions of the Treaty
Better Foreign Policy, how? Better Foreign Policy
- Europe needs a foreign policy more coherent and effective;
- Strengthening of powers for the “High Representative” for External Relations and Security will help to make the Union more effective in the world;
- The legal personality of the European Union will enable to act as a single entity and allow to sign international agreements.
- The Treaty creates the post of High Representative of EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy:
- brings together the individual tasks performed today by the High Representative for CFSP and the European Commissioner for External Relations;
- will be both representative of the Council and Vice-President of the European Commission.
4. Decisions of the Treaty
More Liberty, Security and Justice, how?
+ Security
- The commitment to establish an immigration policy and a common asylum system across Europe;
- Increase of effectiveness in combating terrorism and criminal networks, crime prevention, immigration and human trafficking;
- The introduction of a solidarity clause allowing Member States to provide mutual support in case of terrorist attacks or disasters;
- More effective collaboration between the courts of the Member States.
New Policies
4. Decisions of the Treaty
New Policies, which ones?
- The recognition of the objective of combating climate change;
- The introduction of new provisions on energy policy - to promote efficient and saving energy and development of new and renewable energies;
- The introduction of a general social clause - which requires social issues (promotion of a high level of employment, adequate social protection, fight against social exclusion, etc.) to be taken into account when defining and implementing all policies;
- New provisions providing for EU policies in areas like space, tourism, sport and civil protection.
5. The entry into force of the Treaty
The Lisbon Treaty was ratified by 27 Member States
Through Parliament Referendum
For Members
Democratically elected by the citizens
For Citizens
“A referendum is only binding when the number of voters is higher than
half of the registered electors”
Art. 115 nº11 of the Portuguese Constitution
Ratification
5. The entry into force of the Treaty
Ratification
Through Parliament Referendum
Germany
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Denmark
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Estonia
Finland
France
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Czech Republic
Romania
Sweden
Ireland
http://europa.eu/lisbon_treaty/countries/index_en.htm
Date for entry into force:
1st of December 2009
6. Sites
Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Portugal)www.mne.gov.pt
European Unionwww.europa.eu/lisbon_treaty/index_en.htm
Office of the European Parliament in Portugalwww.parleurop.pt
Representation of European Commission in Portugalhttp://ec.europa.eu/portugal/comissao/index_pt.htm
European Information Center Jacques Delors http://dossiers.eurocid.pt/tratadodelisboawww.aprendereuropa.pt