ACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENT::--First of all I am, First of all I am, Sucharita NandanSucharita Nandan very thankful very thankful to my parents for bring me at Frankfinn and to my parents for bring me at Frankfinn and providing the platform to learn.providing the platform to learn. Secondly I want to say thanks to Frankfinn Secondly I want to say thanks to Frankfinn for providing us the environment, education, for providing us the environment, education, guidance & our lovely teacher Mrs. Mandy Sandy guidance & our lovely teacher Mrs. Mandy Sandy mam.mam. And now the most important person from And now the most important person from whom we came to know about Travel & Tourism. whom we came to know about Travel & Tourism. I want to say tanks to her. She taught us the I want to say tanks to her. She taught us the basic of Travel & Tourism; clear our doubts basic of Travel & Tourism; clear our doubts appreciate our good work and rectify our appreciate our good work and rectify our mistake.mistake. So I think not only me the full of C4 batch So I think not only me the full of C4 batch is very thankful to mam.is very thankful to mam.

Thank you;Thank you;

INTRODUCTION:-Once upon a time, people were started traveling Once upon a time, people were started traveling from one place to another place for various from one place to another place for various reasons. From that day to till now people have not reasons. From that day to till now people have not stopped rather them spread there views of travel stopped rather them spread there views of travel to one country to another country even one to one country to another country even one planet to another planet and they are planning to planet to another planet and they are planning to move one galaxy to another galaxy.move one galaxy to another galaxy. Previously people had to think, plan for Previously people had to think, plan for his/her own travel. It is not so easy work, so for his/her own travel. It is not so easy work, so for helping those travel lover one industry formed helping those travel lover one industry formed named Travel & Tourism.named Travel & Tourism. This industry handles each & every single This industry handles each & every single thing of travel of a passenger, which they might thing of travel of a passenger, which they might need during his/her travel.need during his/her travel. So this industry formed to plan peoples So this industry formed to plan peoples travel according to their choice & satisfy them in travel according to their choice & satisfy them in exchange of money.exchange of money.

The Foundation of Singapore●In 1819 modern Singapore was founded by Sir Stamford Raffles. ●By 1824 the population had risen to 10,000.

P2a(A)

Modern Singapore

●●On 5 September 1945On 5 September 1945 the British re-occupied Singapore. the British re-occupied Singapore.

●●In 1963In 1963 Singapore joined with Malaysia. Singapore joined with Malaysia.

●●In 1965In 1965 Singapore became completely independent. Singapore became completely independent.

●●From 1965 to the 1990sFrom 1965 to the 1990s Singapore enjoyed rapid economic growth. Singapore enjoyed rapid economic growth.

Today Singapore remains a prosperous nation. It is Today Singapore remains a prosperous nation. It is also a very busy port. Today the population of also a very busy port. Today the population of Singapore is 4.5 million.Singapore is 4.5 million.

►1819 British occupy Singapore.►1914-18 World War I.►1945 British reoccupy Malaya.►1965 Singapore leaves Malaysia and becomes an independent nation.►2003 Malaysia's longest-serving Prime Minister Dr Mahathir retires. He is succeeded by his deputy Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi.

The first major Thai kingdom, at Sukhothai, was The first major Thai kingdom, at Sukhothai, was established established in 1238in 1238. It came under control of Ayutthaya . It came under control of Ayutthaya in the 1370sin the 1370s..

The post-1973The post-1973 years unstable period of democracy, years unstable period of democracy, with military rule.with military rule.

In the 1980sIn the 1980s, Thailand was ruled by parliamentary , Thailand was ruled by parliamentary politics. politics.

A general election A general election on 23 December 2007on 23 December 2007 restored a restored a civilian government.civilian government.

On 2 November 1949 Indonesian independence.

●●At first independent Indonesia was a parliamentary democracy.At first independent Indonesia was a parliamentary democracy. ●● However most Indonesians remained poor and However most Indonesians remained poor and in 1997in 1997 Indonesia Indonesia was hit by a financial crisis.was hit by a financial crisis.

●●At the beginning of the At the beginning of the 21st century21st century the Indonesian economy the Indonesian economy began to recover and there is now every reason to be optimistic began to recover and there is now every reason to be optimistic about its future.about its future.

●●Today the population of Indonesia is 242 million.Today the population of Indonesia is 242 million.

MODERNMODERN INDONESIA INDONESIA

P2a(B)

Jurong

Sightseeing tours to Singapore is incomplete without tours to the Jurong Bird Park,

One will be surprised to find so many different types of animals here in Singapore. Visitors can even observe nocturnal animals in their natural surroundings.

Animal Domain

Ethnic Domain Singapore's Islands Museums

Over the years, Singapore's three major racial groups - Chinese, Malays, and Indians - have developed areas of architecture, customs, and colorful festivals

Singapore is an island with over 50 surrounding islets. Some of these islets have become favorite theme parks, such as Sentosa Island.

There are many buildings in Singapore that date as far back as the colonial era. They are now progressively being converted for use as museums.

Natural Domains Other Attraction

Singapore is awash with lush gardens and parklands as tropical greenery carpets the landscape.

Interactive, entertaining, fabulously fun, and educational are the words to best describe these tourist attractions in Singapore.

Colonial Singapore is a important tourist attractions in Singapore.Housed in the Empress Palace Building that was erected in 1867,

Orchard Road - the nerve center for Singapore's shopping buffs and the main entertainment district of vibrant Singapore, entrances you with its many charms.

Masjid Jamek National Sultan Abdul Samad

Building Kuala Lumpur's oldest mosque sits right at the point where two rivers,

Kuala Lumpur's most famous landmark bears testimony to the intricacies of Moorish design and architecture.

KL Tower Penangis well known for being the "food paradise" of Malaysia if not the whole of Asia.

Malacca

Historic Malacca carries traces of the area's fascinating colonial history.

The third highest telecommunications tower in the world. Completed end of 1995,

Malaysia-Beaches

Malaysia-Caves

Malaysia-Highlands

Mountains

Malaysia- Natural-Hot-Springs

Malaysia-Islands Malaysia-Lakes

Malaysia-Rivers Seas

Waterfalls

·

·

Buddhist temples

Thailand is agreat place

More on Attractions: Popular places of Bangkok & pattaya

Pattaya Beach View Pattaya, the biggest tourist attraction Coral island in Pattaya

Pattaya, Places to see in Thailand

Entering Pattaya from Bangkok

Pattaya by night….

Sukhothai Sunset, Thailand

Stone Gate

Elephant Cave

Pura Jaman Ayun

Pura Batukaru

Pictures of Bali including temples, and mountains

Documents required for visit those places:

(Documents Required)» Diplomatic or official passport holders India

do not need visa.Getting a Tourist Visa

The applicant is required to have a passport valid for 6 months beyond the stay in Singapore. Visa is issued for the period of 1 month. It can be extended in

Singapore to 3 months via the Immigration Department.

P3a(A)

1.Singapore

PASSPORT / VISA

Passports: For international travel, you must have a valid passport

A passport valid for at least 6 months beyond date of departure is required by all who enter Singapore. The majority of passport holders do not require a visa if planning to stay no more than 14 days. Most tourists will be given a 14-day Social Visit Pass upon arrival.

Visas: The maximum extension is 90 days per 12 months. To acquire an extension, the

immigration authorities in Singapore should be contacted. The price of the extension is subject to the immigration officer’s discretion.

Please check with your nearest Singapore Embassy or Singapore Tourist Promotion Board office before departure to determine all visa requirements.

Embassy / Commission High Commission for Singapore:

Consulate of Singapore in Kolkata (Calcutta)C/o DBS Centre, Circular Court

8, A.J.C. Bose RoadKolkata - 700 017

Telephone: (91 33) 2247 4990/0400Processing Time

It can take anytime from 4 days to 4 weeks. It is better to allow plenty of time.

Documents Required

» Valid passport» Two fully filled application forms» Passport size photos» Journey details in Singapore» Proof of sufficient budget

Do Remember» Women who have more than 24 weeks pregnancy have to obtain a doctor's certification that it is safe for them to travel.

(Documents Required)PASSPORTS:

Visitors must be in possession of national passports or other internationally recognized travel documents, endorsed for traveling in Malaysia and with a

validity period of at least six months beyond the time of stay allowed in Malaysia.

Note: All visitors must also have proof of adequate funds and an onward or return sea or air ticket.

2.MALAYSIA

VISAS:No visas are required for citizens of Commonwealth countries (except

Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka), One Month Visa-Free Visit

Applicable to citizens of ASEAN countriesNote: All visitors must also have proof of adequate funds and an onward or

return sea or air ticket.

Embassy / Commission High Commission for Malaysia:

Chancery: 50-M, Satya Marg,

Chanakyapuri,New Delhi-110021

Phones : 6111291-93, 6111297 TLX: 31-72156 WKIL INFax : 6881538 (telefax)

email pop: mwndelhi@del2.vsnl.net.inWorking Hours : Monday to Friday: 8:30am to 4:30pm

Visa Regulations:

Regulations governing the stay of foreign nationals in Thailand are given below:

Nationals of the following countries are required to obtain tourist visa on immigration checkpoints in Thailand. The visa permits them for the stay of 15 days.

Bhutan, China with Taiwan, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Hungary, India, Kazakhstan, Maldives, Mauritius, Oman, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Ukraine

Additional Requirements :

Some applicants need additional requirements for getting visa. Related information is given below:

Embassy / Commission High Commission for Thailand:

Nyaya Marg, 56-N, Chanakya puri, New Delhi-110021

Phones: 26118103, Fax: 26872029 (visa)email: thaidel@mfa.go.thWorking Hours : Monday to Friday: 8:30am to 4:30pm

3.Thailand

Documents:Nationals of these countries are required to submit additional documents to obtain visa. Bangladesh, China, Cambodia, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Middle East countries, and socialist countries

Health Certificates :

Unless the applicant has been to an infected area, no inoculation or vaccination is required. However, if the applicant has been to area considered 'infected' by the Thai Government, he will have to submit the health certificate.

Essential Documents: Documents needed for applying for a Thai visa are:

» Passport or travel document with at least 6 months validity » Two recent ( 4 x 6 cm) photographs of the applicant » Air ticket paid in full » Financial means » Consulates reserve the right to ask for additional documents if

deemed necessary.

4. INDONESIA

Passports:For arrival and departure of the Indians visas are required. No

employment is allowed on these visas or on the visa-free entry facility. All visitors must have passports valid for at least six months and proof of

onward passage. Visas:

Citizens of India will be required to apply for a visa before entering Indonesia. Visas for a period of 30 days can he obtained from any

Indonesian embassy or consulate overseas.

Embassy / Commission High Commission for Indonesia:

Honorary Consulate of Indonesia in Calcutta, India      157 Jodhpur Park

700068 Calcutta, IndiaCity: Calcutta

Phone: (91-33) 2414-8681Fax: (91-33) 2473-2157

Email: trivedi_mahesh@rediffmail.com

P2b(B)4 different types of meal (Provided): VGML (Vegetarian meal)- FOODS AVOIDED - No Meats, Fish, Poultry or Eggs. FOODS INCLUDED - Can be prepared in any style-

Indian,Chinese,Continental style etc.

AVML (Asian/Indian vegetarian meal)- FOODS AVOIDED - Meat, Poultry, Fish/Shellfish & Eggs. FOODS INCLUDED - Indian style veg meal.

DBML (Diabetic meal)-

FOODS AVOIDED - Sugar, Carbohydrates.

FOODS INCLUDED - Lean meat, Fish,

Vegetables, Fresh fruits.

SPML (special meal)-

FOODS AVOIDED - __

FOODS INCLUDED - Food made to the individual

passengers request

- is not a medical requirement.

1.In-flight Duty Free Shopping :-

2.In-flight Entertainment :-

Other services & assistance: 2 types:

THAI’s new interactive AVOD system offers literally hundreds of options. With larger screens and touch-control commands, passengers can choose between many of the latest multi-lingual hit movies, classic oldies and popular TV programmes. There are news, travel, destination and information channels, music from jazz to classical, Asian and Western, to please every taste, plus interactive games and kids cartoons. Passengers can learn the basics of a new language.

THAI is pleased to provide passengers on all its international flights with a wide range of tempting duty free shopping opportunities. A selection of liquors and miscellaneous products is available for immediate purchase, with payment made on board your flight

P3b IMPORT & EXPORT RESTRICTIONS:What should you do when you leave India? If you intend taking out with you articles of high value such as

a camera, video camera, video cassette recorder or jewellery, be sure to ask the Customs Officer, at the time of your departure, for an Export Certificate for such articles. He will examine these and certify that they are being taken out of India by you. Keep this certificate safe with you and when you return to India, show the Certificate to the Customs Officer who will then be able to pass these free of duty. The advantage of having the Export Certificate is that the concessions you are entitled to, when you return, are not affected.

1.SINGAPORE

Customs : There is no export duty. Export permits are

required for firearms, ammunition, explosives, animals, gold in form, platinum, precious stones and jewellery (except reasonable personal effects), poisons and drugs.

Currency restrictions: There is no restriction on the import and export of local or foreign currency.

The following goods may be imported into Singapore bypassengers of 18 years or older without incurring customsduty: 1l of spirits, 1l of wine and 1l of beer; for bona fidetourists, gifts and food items up to the value of S$150 ifaway from Singapore less than 48 hours and S$300 ifaway from Singapore for 48 hours or more. Note: Theseallowances do not apply if arriving from Malaysia.Restricted items: Chewing gum and tobacco productsmust be declared upon arrival.Prohibited items: Firearms, non-prescribed drugs, allpornographic films and literature. Export permits arerequired for arms, ammunition, explosives, animals,telecommunications equipment, film and video tapes anddisks, precious metals and stones, drugs and poisons.Meat and meat products are all strictly forbidden. Duty-freecigarettes are prohibited. The penalties for possession ofnarcotics are severe and visitors not complying with drugregulations do so at the risk of death.

DUTY FREE

2. MALAYSIA Customs RulesImport regulationsFree import

 - 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 225 grammes of tobacco; - max. 1 liter of wine, spirits or malt liquor; - max. 100 matches; - cosmetics, perfumery, soaps and dentrifices in open containers to a total max. value of MYR 200.-; - max. 3 pieces of new wearing apparel; - one pair of new footwear; - one unit of each portable electrical or battery operated appliance for personal care and hygiene; - a total max. of MYR 75.- of dutiable food preparations; - gifts and souvenirs up to a total value of max. MYR 200.- (except goods from Langkawi and Labuan, up to a total value of max. MYR 500.-).

Prohibited

 - all goods from South Africa and Israel; - any article bearing the imprint or reproduction of any currency note, bank note or coin which are current or have at any time been issued in any country.

Additional Information on regulations Malaysia is a member of the CITES Treaty. Customs duties of 30%

of the value are due in case of exceeding the allowed quantities. Duty free allowances are per person only (pooling not allowed). Export regulations Free export of reasonable quantities of tobacco products and alcoholic beverages. Pets Require

-  health certificate. -  landing permit;

-  Malaysian Veterinarian Department, Import Permit.

Currency rules

Currency Import regulations:

Allowed (provided currencies are declared upon arrival) for: - residents and non-residents:   - local currency (Malaysian Ringgit-MYR): MYR 1,000.-;   - foreign currencies: unlimited;

Currency Export regulations:

Non-residents:- local currency (Malaysian Ringgit-MYR): MYR 1,000.-;- foreign currencies: up to the amount imported.

3.THILAND Restrictions :

» No limit on amount of foreign currency brought into the country.

» The foreign currency carried out of Thailand, should not be more than the amount stated in the customs declaration made on arrival.

» Travellers leaving Thailand are not allowed to take out more than 50,000 baht per person.

4.INDONESIAITEMS ALLOWED DUTY-FREEPersonal Effects All your personal effects like clothing and other articles new or used which you

reasonably require, excluding merchandise for commercial purposes will be allowed free of duty. Personal effects which are not consumed during your stay in India are required to be taken back on leaving the country.

Travel Souvenirs You can bring with you travel souvenirs up to a total value of Rs.2,000/- and these

will be passed free of duty.Gifts A tourist of foreign origin visiting Indonesia for a stay of more than 24 hours, can

bring articles except specified items. A up to a value of Rs.750/- (Rs.6,000/- for tourists of Indian origin) free of duty, which are intended as gifts, or even for his personal use.

Cigarettes, Cigars, Tobacco, Alcoholic Liquors. Tourists, whether of foreign or Indian origin, are allowed the following items duty-free

but within the free allowance: 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars or 250 gms, of tobacco; Alcoholic liquor & wine up to 1 litre each.

P4a Justification of itinerary Mr. Jack D’Souza wishes to visit Malaysia & Thailand. The order he wishes to visit 1. Malaysia. 2. Thailand. Avoid the back tracking and zigzagging. Always take into considerations the political situations,

geographical limitations and the practically of the transportation options.

Ascertain convenient mode of transportation i.e. Kolkata to Kuala Lumpur by air (Thai airways). Airport to hotel by road (AC Volvo coach). City tour by road (AC Volvo coach). Hotel to airport (AC Volvo coach). Kuala Lumpur to Bangkok by air (Thai airways). Bangkok to Kolkata by air (Thai airways).

Lowest fare:

Roundtrip journey with same air lines. Accommodation in 3star hotel.

Consequences of negligence:

Detours often raise the price. If it will be one way journey with different airlines then it

will be very costly.

@ Rs-32,000/-(visa & taxes are inclusive)

P4b

DAY 1: Evening at 5pm fly from Kolkata (CCU), NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA(26.12.07) International Airport to Malaysia (KUL), KUALA LUMPUR International Airport, with Thai Airways flight [ TG314 ] (3½hrs). Stay2 nights at the “Anpasa Hotel”(***).

(CCU), NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA(CCU), NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA International AirportInternational Airport

(KUL), KUALA LUMPUR(KUL), KUALA LUMPUR International AirportInternational Airport

Anpasa Hotel

DAY 2: Half day city tour including Masjid Jamek, Central Market, National Museum,

(27.12.07) National Planetarium, KL Tower.

Masjid Jamek KL Tower Malaysia-Rivers

DAY 3: Morning transfer to the (KUL), KUALA LUMPUR International Airport and fly to (28.12.07) Bangkok (BKK), SUVARNABHUMI International Airport by the flight of Thai Airways [ TG325 ](1hr) at 11am. Afternoon transfer to the hotel “Deverly

Plaza” (***) for 2 nights. Shopping in the evening.

(KUL), KUALA LUMPUR(KUL), KUALA LUMPUR International AirportInternational Airport

(BKK), SUVARNABHUMI(BKK), SUVARNABHUMI International AirportInternational Airport

DAY 4: Half day city tour including The Grand Palace, Wat Saket (Golden Mount), (29.12.07) Royal Barges, Golden Buddha, Lumbhini Park.

Golden BuddhaWat Saket (Golden Mount),

Lumbhini Park

DAY 5: Morning transfer to the Bangkok (BKK), SUVARNABHUMI International Airport and(30.12.07) at 10am fly to Kolkata (CCU), NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA International Airport, with Thai Airways flight [ TG313 ], afternoon arrival.

(BKK), SUVARNABHUMI(BKK), SUVARNABHUMI International AirportInternational Airport

(CCU), NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA(CCU), NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA International AirportInternational Airport

IATA was founded by the airlines in 1945. It is a non-governmental organization. In both, its organization and its activity, IATA has been

closely associated with ICAO.►AIMS:-

TO PROMOTE. TO PROVIDE. TO CO-OPERATE.

P1a & b:IATA - (INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION):-

►ROLE:-

ROLE-in-AIR TRNASPORT:- Controls the traffic. Controls the route. Co-ordinates the rate & fares.

FINANCIAL ROLE:- Deals with all aspects of accounting and settlements between airlines.

TRAFFIC SERVICES:- Passenger Services. Cargo Services. Airport Handling.

UFTAA-(UNIVERSAL FEDERATIONAL OF TRAVEL AGENT’S ASSOCIATION):-

UFTAA was founded in 1966 by the merger of International Federation of Travel Agencies (IFTA) and the Universal Organization of Travel Agents Association (UOTAA).

►AIMS:-

To unite and reinforce National Association and Organisation of Travel Agents.

To act as a sole representative of the travel agency profession at international and world wide levels.

To ensure the maximum possible cohesion, prestige, protection & development in the economic, juridical and social sphere for the tourist trade economy.

►ACTIVITIES:- UFTAA represents the interest of the travel agents on a permanent basic.

UFTAA deals with all the problems related to the travel industry, developing and recommending.

UFTAA actively co-operates with governmental and non-governmental bodies.

PATA-(PACIFIC AREA TRAVEL ASSOCIATION):-

PATA was founded in the year 1951 to develop, promote, facilitate travel to the many pacific destinations.

PATA is a non-profit organization.

►ACTIVITIES:-

• The activities of PATA includes assisting small and up and coming destinations to develop their infrastructure, providing expertise, planning group travel schemes, destinations, hotel operations and discounts.

• It provides up to date information on the field of tourism and the practical & the Theoretical experience in the field of tourism.

ICAO - (INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION):-

ICAO, specialized technical agency or the United Nations (UN), created as a permanent body on April 4, 1947 for the purpose of promoting the safe and orderly development of civil aviation through out the world.

►OBJECTIVES:-

• Meet the needs of the people of the world for safe regular efficient, economical air transport.

• Promote safety of flight in international air navigation.

• Promote generally the development of all aspects of international civil aeronautics.

THE WARSAW CONVENTION:-

In 1929, the Warsaw Convention-an intergovernmental agreement concluded with several amendments and additions which includes the liability of airlines for death or injury to passengers and for loss, damage or delay to baggage and cargo in most international travel.

In this convention a limit prescribes the amount for which the carrier is liable.

THE CHICAGO CONVENTION:- In the Chicago, in the year 1944, in an international meeting, between various

Governments, the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviations concluded.

In this Convention, nearly all countries active in international air transport, participated.

The Chicago Convention governs relations between states on technical as well as commercial subjects connecting International Air Transport such as:—

Flying over territory of contracting states (air services). Customs. Nationality of aircraft. Facilitations (customs, accident investigation). Documents (Recognitions of certificates & license etc.). Statistics, Finance, Technical assistance etc.

M1,M2,M3 IATA at the Air Transport Industry's side

 Serving… IATA ensures that people and goods can move around the global airline network as easily as if they

were on a single airline in a single country. In addition, it provides essential professional support to all industry stakeholders with a wide range of products and expert services, such as publications, training and consulting. IATA’s financial systems also help carriers and the travel industry maximise revenues.

… For the benefit for all parties involved: For consumers, IATA simplifies the travel and shipping processes, while keeping costs down.

Passengers can make one telephone call to reserve a ticket, pay in one currency and then use the ticket on several airlines in several countries.

IATA allows airlines to operate safely, securely, efficiently and economically under clearly defined rules.

IATA serves as an intermediary between airlines and passenger as well as cargo agents via neutrally applied agency service standards and centralised financial systems.

A large network of industry suppliers and service providers gathered by IATA provides solid expertise to airlines in a variety of industry solutions. 

For governments, IATA seeks to ensure they are well informed about the complexities of the aviation industry to ensure better, long-term decisions.

 

IATA's Simplifying the Business (StB) initiatives - SITA is playing a major role

The challenge for the air transport industry is to quickly and substantially reduce costs by simplifying the business.

A fresh approach is required. The industry needs to collaborate rather than duplicate to bring simplicity to airline operations. The five IATA 'Simplifying the Business' initiatives represent a significant step in the right direction and will deliver benefits to both the airlines and the traveling public.

These initiatives are: 100% implementation of e-ticketing worldwide by mid-2008 Implementation of Common Use Self Service (CUSS) kiosks worldwide Bar code standard for boarding passes Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for baggage management

Paperless cargo environment

Working with the industry

SITA is working with the industry on each of the initiatives and is helping the airline community achieve their full potential by also enabling the adoption of IP-based networks. Extending services into the Internet domain will buy airlines greater cost savings while also eliminating some of the complexity associated with legacy systems.

Savings of $3 billion a year

IATA estimates this is the benefit of implementing e-ticketing throughout the industry. SITA is making this happen for all airlines in every part of the world with SITA Smart Ticket. enabling airlines to issue and use e-tickets across all sales channels and itinerary types.

Productivity improvements

The benefits of self-service check-in for both the passenger and airline are well recognized which has led to increased kiosk usage worldwide. This has brought the challenge of deployment in increasingly space-restricted airports. SITA has worked with IATA and the community to develop the simple and flexible community CUSS standard and AirportConnect Kiosk is being adopted in major airports throughout the world.

Cost savings and easier check-in

The motivation to change from magnetic strips on boarding cards to bar codes is largely being driven by cost. IATA figures show potential savings to be:

50-60% reduction in paper costs 40% reduction in equipment replacement costs

Bar coded boarding passes will also simplify the travel experience by giving passengers more technology options to obtain their passes.

Increasing satisfaction

Mishandled baggage at most airlines is costly both financially and in terms of customer satisfaction. This is encouraging both airports and airlines to look with increasing interest at making RFID with its much more accurate read rate, the technology of choice for tracking bags. SITA has been working with its

industry partners to drive a single community-specific standard.

What IATA help about checked and cabin luggage for the passenger.

The price of an airline ticket includes not only transportation for the passenger, but for personal baggage as well. The fare paid dictates the kind of seat and service but also the baggage allowance. And while actually paid for as part of the ticket, it is called the "Free Baggage Allowance" determined by each airline. It includes checked baggage, carried in the aircraft hold, and cabin baggage, brought along in the aircraft cabin.

Free allowance baggage is generally defined as those items necessary for the passenger's journey, such as clothing and personal articles within certain limitations.

Below are general guidelines to help you plan your travel, but please make sure to check with your airline first as baggage allowance may differ depending on route, class fare, etc.

ICAO The International Civil Aviation Organization, a UN Specialized

Agency, is the global forum for civil aviation.ICAO works to achieve its vision of safe, secure and sustainable

development of civil aviation through cooperation amongst its member states.

To implement this vision, the Organization has established the following Strategic Objectives for the period 2005-2010:

Safety-Enhance global civil aviation safety. Security-Enhance global civil aviation security. Environmental Protection-Minimize the adverse effect of

global civil aviation on the environment. Efficiency- Enhance the efficiency of aviation operations. Rule of Law-Strengthen law governing international civil

aviation.

AVIATION SAFETYAviation safety is a key objective of ICAO and is part

of the work in the following sections and programmes:

Aerodromes, Air Routes and Ground Aids (AGA) Section.

Accident Investigation and Prevention (AIG) Section.

Flight Safety (FLS) Section. Aviation Medicine (MED) Section. Flight Safety and Human Factors. Safety Management. Flight Safety Information Exchange (FSIX).

ENVIRONMENTAL (ENV) UNIT

ICAO’s activities in the environment field are primarily focused on those problems that benefit most from a common coordinated approach, on a world wide basis, namely aircraft engine emissions. Improving the environmental performance of aviation is a challenge ICAO takes very seriously. In fulfilling its responsibilities, the Organisation developed a range of standards, policies and guidance material for the application of integrated measures to address aircraft noise and engine emissions embracing technological improvements, operating procedures, proper organisation of air traffic, appropriate airport and land-use planning, and the use of market-based options.

In 2004, ICAO adopted three major environmental goals, to: Limit or reduce the number of people affected by significant aircraft noise; Limit or reduce the impact of aviation emissions on local air quality; and Limit or reduce the impact of aviation greenhouse gas emissions on the

global climate.

The name "Schengen" originates from a small town in Luxembourg. In June 1985, seven European Union countries signed a treaty to end internal border

checkpoints and controls. More countries have joinedthe treaty over the past years.

At present, there are 15 Schengen countries, all in Europe.

The 15 Schengen countries are: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy,

Greece, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. All these countries except Norway

and Iceland are European Union members.

D1, D2, D3

The following 15 countries are currently active Schengen Visa members:

•Austria •Germany •Belgium •Denmark •Finland •France •Greece •Iceland •Italy •Luxemburg •Norway •Portugal •Spain •Sweden •The Netherlands

 What is Schengen Visa?

The Schengen Visa is a single tourist visa for that you can use to visit 15 European countries without the need of separate visas for each country. This visa allows hassle free internal travel (air, road, train etc.) between these

countries. This visa allows the visitors  (for leisure, tourism, or business) to travel freely within the Schengen

countries for a maximum stay of up to 90 days in a 6 month period. It is recommended to plan your journey

within the timeframe of the Schengen Visa, as extensions can be very difficult to obtain, thus forcing you to leave

these countries. Please note that only 13 out of the 25 European Unions (EU) countries participate in the Schengen Visa program

plus Iceland and Norway. This visa allows you to enter the following countries

Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland Italy, Luxemburg, Norway, Portugal,

Spain, Sweden and The Netherlands

Where to Apply for a Schengen Visa?

If you intend to visit only one Schengen country, you must apply at the Embassy or Consulate of that particular country. You should apply at the Embassy or Consulate responsible for

the state where you live.  

If you intend to visit several Schengen countries, you must apply for a visa at the Embassy or Consulate of the country

which is your main destination. 

If you intend to visit several Schengen countries but do not have a main destination, you should apply for a visa at the

Embassy or Consulate of the country which is your first point of entry.

3, Raja Santosh Road, Alipore, Kolkata - 700 027Tel : 0091-33-24792414/ 24792426 Fax : 0091-33-24793892E-mail: consolatogenerale.calcutta@esteri.it

Opening for the public: Monday-Thursday 9.00 -17.00 Friday: 9.00 - 15.30

Telephone number to contact outside office hours exclusively for emergency cases - regarding Italian Nationals in distress:0091- 98312-12216

The Consulate General of Italy in Kolkata:

Visa RequirementsRequirements may vary between countries that you are applying the visa with. Some of the requirements requested by the embassies include: 1. A Valid Passport

  2. Means of Transport: Proof of travel (tickets, original travel agent itinerary)

 

3.Proof of Financial Means: Bank statements 

4.Health/Travel InsuranceTravel insurance is a must requirement in order to apply for Schengen Visa.  

5.InvitationVisa invitations/confirmations are documents, often directly approved by the Foreign Ministry of the country to be visited, that authorizes a particular traveler to visit that country. They typically state the dates and cities you are visiting, the name of a hosting organization, as well as an "official" reference number and seal of approval. This is particularly prevalent for Russia and many Schengen countries. Required formats for invitations and confirmations vary by country.

6.Proof of Accommodation: Confirmed hotel reservations, official invitations 

•1875 – 19141875 – 1914— —  Parliamentary power at its peak. Recognition of  Parliamentary power at its peak. Recognition of trade unions.trade unions.

•1939 - 19451939 - 1945 ——  Second World War.  Second World War.

•1946 - 19571946 - 1957  ——    Fourth Republic. Reconstruction. Fourth Republic. Reconstruction.

A brief history of FranceA brief history of France

•1969 – 19811969 – 1981— Economic development— Economic development

•January 1, 1999 January 1, 1999 —Beginning of the —Beginning of the introduction of the euro. introduction of the euro.

•May 6, 2007 May 6, 2007 —  Nicolas Sarkozy is elected —  Nicolas Sarkozy is elected President of the Republic and appoints President of the Republic and appoints François Fillon as Prime Minister.François Fillon as Prime Minister.

In 1830sIn 1830s Germany began to industrialize. Germany began to industrialize.

GERMANY IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURYGERMANY IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

In 1919In 1919 the German government were forced to sign the Versailles Treaty. the German government were forced to sign the Versailles Treaty.

THE SECOND WORLD WARTHE SECOND WORLD WAR

In 1953In 1953 there was a wave of strikes in East Germany. there was a wave of strikes in East Germany.

On 9 November 1989On 9 November 1989 the Berlin Wall was opened. the Berlin Wall was opened.

In 1999In 1999 Germany joined the euro. Germany joined the euro.

Today Germany is a wealthy country with a high standard of living. Today Germany is a wealthy country with a high standard of living. Germany is famous for making plastics, paints and pharmaceuticals as Germany is famous for making plastics, paints and pharmaceuticals as well as cars, electrical goods and computers.well as cars, electrical goods and computers.Germany is also famous for its exports of wine, beer and sausages.Germany is also famous for its exports of wine, beer and sausages.

In 2005In 2005 Angela Merkel became Germany's first woman Chancellor. Angela Merkel became Germany's first woman Chancellor.Today the population of Germany is 82 million.Today the population of Germany is 82 million.

In the 17th centuryIn the 17th century the the Italian economy entered a Italian economy entered a long recession. long recession.

In the late 14th and 15th centuriesIn the late 14th and 15th centuries a great a great cultural change came over Italy. It is called the cultural change came over Italy. It is called the Renaissance, which means 'rebirth'.Renaissance, which means 'rebirth'.

In the 1950s and early 1960s Italy experienced an 'economic miracle'.

In the early 1980s Italy, like the rest of the world, suffered a recession.

However by 1983 it was over and the decade was one of prosperity for most (not all) Italians.

Today Italy is a prosperous country. The north is highly industrialized. Italy also has an important fishing industry. Wine is also an important export. However in recent years service industries such as tourism, education and finance have become the most important ones.

Today the population of Italy is 58 million.

•19311931 Spain becomes a republic - the end of the monarchySpain becomes a republic - the end of the monarchy

•19851985Gibraltar border re-opensGibraltar border re-opens

•19921992 Barcelona hosts the summer OlympicsBarcelona hosts the summer Olympics

•19981998 Inauguration of the controversial Guggenheim Mueum in Bilbao Inauguration of the controversial Guggenheim Mueum in Bilbao

•19991999 Spain becomes part of the Euro systemSpain becomes part of the Euro systemOn On

•July3,2005July3,2005, the country became the first country in the world to give full , the country became the first country in the world to give full marriage and adoption rights to homosexual couples (Belgium allows same-marriage and adoption rights to homosexual couples (Belgium allows same-sex marriage since 2003 and co-parenting since April 2006, and the sex marriage since 2003 and co-parenting since April 2006, and the Netherlands allows same-sex marriage since 2001 and has a law being Netherlands allows same-sex marriage since 2001 and has a law being prepared now to provide full adoption rights in equal conditions to opposite-prepared now to provide full adoption rights in equal conditions to opposite-sex marriages).sex marriages).

•19311931 Spain becomes a republic - the end of the monarchySpain becomes a republic - the end of the monarchy

•19851985Gibraltar border re-opensGibraltar border re-opens

•19921992 Barcelona hosts the summer OlympicsBarcelona hosts the summer Olympics

•19981998 Inauguration of the controversial Guggenheim Mueum in Bilbao Inauguration of the controversial Guggenheim Mueum in Bilbao

•19991999 Spain becomes part of the Euro systemSpain becomes part of the Euro systemOn On

•July3,2005July3,2005, the country became the first country in the world to give full , the country became the first country in the world to give full marriage and adoption rights to homosexual couples (Belgium allows same-marriage and adoption rights to homosexual couples (Belgium allows same-sex marriage since 2003 and co-parenting since April 2006, and the sex marriage since 2003 and co-parenting since April 2006, and the Netherlands allows same-sex marriage since 2001 and has a law being Netherlands allows same-sex marriage since 2001 and has a law being prepared now to provide full adoption rights in equal conditions to opposite-prepared now to provide full adoption rights in equal conditions to opposite-sex marriages).sex marriages).

Arc de Triomphe

Parisians refer to the Arc de Triomphe as L’Etoile, and revere it as a symbol of French national spirit. Located in the center of the worlds largest roundabout, the Arc de Triomphe towers 164 feet above the ground.

The Champs Elysées

The Avenue des Champs-Élysées is the most famous avenue in the world, 2 km long and 70 meters wide. It's a marvellous place for walking (day and night). You can admire the perspective of from Arch of Triumph to Concorde Square.

The Eiffel Tower, an icon of Paris, is a wonder of design and structure, and an impressive sight worth getting close to. Ascend the tower for spectacular views of Paris. The Eiffel Tower tops out at over 1,000 feet, containing 2 restaurants, a souvenir shop, a post office (for that one of a kind postmark), snack bar, and a viewing area.

In Nice France beaches run along the entire seafront. The Nice beaches are some of the most visited of all French Riviera beaches.

Disneyland Paris is located 19 miles east of Paris. It is a full-featured vacation paradise with hotels, Disneyland Park, Walt Disney Studios, rides, a golf course, and the magic of Disneyland.

Notre Dame

Notre Dame Cathedral is an impressive marvel of medieval architecture. Started in 1163 and completed in 1330, Notre Dame Cathedral has a striking gothic exterior, two broad towers, and plenty of sweeping arches.

The Bavarian Alps

The Bavarian Alps offer some of Germany’s most breathtaking views. From the slops of these

ancient mountains, one can survey the German landscape

in all of its glory.

The Berlin Wall Museum

Germany's past is incredibly rich, full of amazing events, achievements, and tragedies. As a result, it can be overwhelming deciding what to pursue. Well, without a doubt, one of the most interesting parts of German history involves the history of the Berlin Wall.

The Black Forest

The Black Forest in Germany is one of the best places you can go to explore some of the natural beauty the country has to offer

The Romantic Road

With over 210 miles of beautiful sights to see, the

Romantic Road in Germany is one of the country's best

tourist routes. The Romantic Road itself was built in 1951 by the mayor of Augsburg.

Burg Eltz Castle

Perhaps the most famous of German castles, Burg Eltz Castle is a towering medieval structure located in a lush forest in the Lower Moselle Valley near Koblenz.

Cologne Cathedral

The Cologne cathedral is part of the Roman Catholic Church and hosts the Archbishop of Cologne.

King Ludwig II commissioned the construction of three castles during his reign, but it was only in Linderhof Castle that he spent any significant amount of time. Compared to the other of Ludwig's castles Linderhof stands in start contrast.

The history of the Vatican and the history of the Catholic Church are barely separable. The religious center of Europe since its inception, presiding over the Middle ages, through the enlightenment and still to this day.

Trevi Fountain

The Trevi Fountain in Rome dominates a small square in the heart of the city near the Spanish Steps. Began in 1732 by Niccolo Salvi and influenced by both the city's numerous victory arches and Roman Mythology in general, the fountain is one of the most visited landmarks in the city. And in Rome, that is saying something.

Everyone makes mistakes. It's a simple fact of life. But, unlike, the architect who designed the Leaning tower of Pisa Italy, most people's mistakes does not weigh 14,500 tonnes. People of Pisa don't just like the leaning tower, they adore it. But perhaps it's just a front for the tourist trade.

Towns, the amphitheater was often the only source of entertainment in the city. Even thousands of years later, these ancient amphitheaters are amongst the biggest tourist attractions in the country.

Mount Etna is the most active volcano in the world. The ancient Greeks believed it to be the home of Vulcan, the god of fire - to them, Mount Etna erupting merely meant Vulcan was forging weapons for Mars, the god of war.

Another find in the northern Cannaregio section of Venice is the Church of the Miracles, or Santa Maria dei Miracoli.

Perhaps when it comes to romance, Venice, Italy could claim the label of most romantic city in the world. Spanning the Palazzo Rio, or Palace River, is the historically eerie Venice Bridge of Sighs.

Malaga and Barcelona have long claimed Pablo Picasso as their own, with the result that both boast an impressive Picasso Museum, and each city offers a unique historical tour that sheds light on the famous artist’s life and time.

Alhambra

The Alhambra in Spain is the best conserved Arabian palace of its epoch. The name Alhambra means “the red one” and refers to the color of the fortress walls.

The Prado Museum

El Museo del Prado (the Prado Museum) should be at the top

of any traveler’s to-do list when visiting the Spanish capital of

Madrid.

Magnificent and striking the Mezquita Cordoba traces its place in history as an established place of worship as far back as Ancient Rome.

Justification of itinerary Mr. Jack D’Souza wishes to visit Italy, Germany, France, Spain. The order he wishes to visit 1. Italy 2. Germany 3. France 4.Spain. Avoid the back tracking and zigzagging. Always take into considerations the political situations, geographical

limitations and the practically of the transportation options. The alternate way to travel between those countries is Eurail. Eurail Eurail is one of the easiest ways to discover Europe – hassle-free rail transport in a

continent of many languages, indigenous cultures, and a beautiful countryside. Eurail which is one the best and the most famous rail systems in the world offers nearly 5,000 options to suit your precise travel plan and budget! Whether you’re traveling consecutive days or intermittently, you’ll find the Eurail Pass as the best bet.

Depending on the countries you want to visit in Europe, you can purchase any of the numerous Eurail Passes or Point to Point sector tickets between cities. All these can be purchased in Indian Rupees in India.

Ascertain convenient mode of transportation i.e. Kolkata to Rome by air (Lufthansa). Airport to hotel by road (AC Volvo coach/ mini bus). City tour by road (AC Volvo coach/mini bus). Hotel to airport (AC Volvo coach/minibus). Madrid to Kolkata by air (Lufthansa).

AC Volvo coach/ mini busAC Volvo coach/ mini bus

@Rs-1,35,000/-(visa & taxes are inclusive)

DAY 1: At 0055hrs dep from CCU With LH751and at 0725hrs arr. to FRA.(08.09.08) At 1150hrs dep from FRA with LH3846 and arr at 1735hrs to FCO.

Stay 2 nights at the “Junico Hotel”.

FRAFRA FCOFCOCCUCCU

DAY 2: A visit to Baroque, transport by minibus. (09.09.08)

DAY 3: Morning at 0500hrs transfer Rome to Florence by AC Volvo coach.(10.09.08) And transfer to the hotel “Bonociani” for 1 night stay and a visit to

Pisa tower at 1130hrs.

DAY 4: Morning transfer Florence to Venice, “Trieste” hotel for 1 night (11.09.08) stay. Half day city tour including Burnao, Murnao, Tercello.

BurnaoBurnao MurnaoMurnao TercelloTercello

DAY 5: Morning transfer Venice to Berlin by Eurail. Hop on and hop of tour (12.09.08) by AC coach to Altes Museum, Berlin wall. 1 night stay in “Agon Frankfurter”.

Berlin wallBerlin wall

DAY 6: Morning transfer Berlin to France by Eurail. Afternoon transfer to (13.09.08) the hotel “Madrid Opera” for 3 nights. In the evening Illumination

of Paris.

DAY 7: Morning, tour to (14.09.08)

MontmarteMontmarte

Grand Louver

MontparnasseMontparnasseTower,Tower,

DAY 8: One full day in Disneyland. Transport by minibus. (15.09.08)

DAY 9: Morning transfer Paris to Barcelona by Eurail. Stay 2 nights at the (16.09.08) hotel “Condestable”.

DAY 10: Hop on & hop of tour by bus to Sagrada Familia, Barrio gotico, (17.09.08) Parc Guell.

Parc Guell.Parc Guell.

DAY 11: Morning transfer Barcelona to Madrid by AC Volvo coach and (18.09.08) transfer to the hotel “Medium Cortezo” for 2 nights . Afternoon a

visit to Madrid Panoramic Tower.

DAY 12: A visit to Madrid zoo. (19.09.08)

DAY 13: At 0620hrs dep from MAD by LH4417 and arr at 0855hrs to FRA.(20.09.08) At 1035hrs dep from FRA with LH750 and arr at 2305hrs to CCU .

MADMAD CCUCCU

BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY:-:-

WE GOT THESE INFORMATIONS FROM:WE GOT THESE INFORMATIONS FROM:

The Travel & Tourism module.The Travel & Tourism module. www.localhistories.orgwww.localhistories.org Wikipedia.orgWikipedia.org admin@expat.com.myadmin@expat.com.my holidayasia.comholidayasia.com www.malaysia.comwww.malaysia.com www.iatatravelcentre.comwww.iatatravelcentre.com www.thaiembdc.org.www.thaiembdc.org. Make my trip.Make my trip.

CONCLUSION:-

Now a day Travel & Tourism industry become so promising that it becomes a part of our life. Now if we plan to go somewhere first of all we have to contact a travel agent, they will make itinerary for us. So there is the importance Travel & Tourism, they will arrange every thing what we will need during this days. From the class we came to know that what is IATA, PATA, UFTAA, ICAO etc and their activities and importance. We also came to know Fare Calculation, Time Calculation how to make an itinerary for our passenger, procedure of Airport while a passenger going to national or international destination. I think this class has given us a lot of information about this industry, which will certainly help us in our future.

Thank you: