AIR TRAVEL GEOGRAPHY

INTERNATIONALTRAVEL AND TOURISM

OBJECTIVES:

• 2.1 DISCUSS 8 FREEDOMS OF THE AIR

• 2.2 DESCRIBE THE INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (IATA)

• 2.3 DEFINE INTERLINE TRAVEL• 2.4. DEFINE CITY, AIRPORT &

AIRLINE CODES• 2.5 CALCULATE INTERNTIONAL

TIME

Traveling out of your country

• Border: line that separates countries• each country owns the land, ocean,

and airspace within its borders• An airline must have the country’s

permission to fly in its airspace• International air traffic agreements

specify frequency of flights & number of air routes

• These regulations were established by the United Nations in 1944 (UN)

8 Freedoms of the Air

• Fly through the airspace of another country without landing

• Land in another country for technical reasons ( emergency, refuel, repairs)

• Fly from one country to another country to drop off passengers and cargo

• Pick up passengers and cargo from one country and fly them back to the originating country

8 Freedoms of the Air

• Fly from Country A to pick up passengers and cargo in Country B and drop them off in Country C

• Fly between two countries other than the country of origin and make stop over in the country of origin

• Fly between 2 countries other than the country of origin with no stopover in the country of origin

• Fly solely within another country

NATIONAL AIRLINES

• Many countries have a national airline

• These carry the colors of their countries’ flags on the tail sections or fuselage of the plane

• These airlines are called Flag Carriers

• EXAMPLE: Lufthansa is from Germany

• Egyptair is the flag carrier of Egypt

INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION• IATA:founded in 1945• Principal governing body of worldwide

airline operations• Regulates international air traffic• Sets safety standards• Sets flight schedules• Sets reservation, passenger and

baggage regulations• Investigates accidents

ENGLISH LANGUAGE

• English is the universal language of the travel industry

• The universal aviation code is written in English and is used by travel agents and aviation workers to minimize errors when spelling names of passengers

UNIVERSAL AVIATION CODE

A-Alpha H-Hotel O-Oslo V-VictorB-Bravo I-India P-Papa W-WhiskeyC-Charlie J-Juliet Q-QuebecX-X rayD-Delta K-Kilo R-Romeo Y-YankeeE-EchoL-Lima S-Sierra Z-ZuluF-Foxtrot M-Mike T-TangoG-Golf N-November U-Uniform

INTERLINE TRAVEL

• Interline travel: where passengers are able to fly on different carriers during their trip

• Interline agreement means two or more airlines have agreed to transport the other’s passengers and baggage at connecting points

• Airlines accept tickets of other airlines

IATA AREAS OF TRAVEL

• 3 AREAS OF TRAVEL• Areas are called Traffic

Conferences• Used to establish airfare prices and

flying zones

TRAFFIC CONFERENCES

• Area 1 or TC 1: Western Hemisphere or WH includes: • North America• Central America (excluding Panama)• South America ( including Panama)• The Caribbean• Greenland• Bermuda

TRAFFIC CONFERENCES

• Area 2 or TC 2: Europe and Africa which includes:• Europe (including Morocco, Algeria,

Tunisia, and Russia west of the Ural Mountains)

• The Middle East ( including Egypt and Sudan)

• Africa (Excluding Egypt, Sudan, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia)

TRAFFIC CONFERENCES

• Area 3 or TC 3: Australasia which includes:• Asia (including Russia east of the Ural

Mountains)• Australia• New Zealand• The South Pacific

CITY, AIRPORT, & AIRLINE CODES

• IATA assigns codes to distinguish cities, airports, and airlines around the world

• A three-letter location code identifies a city or an airport• example: BUE=Buenos Aires,

ArgentinaCAI= Cairo, EgyptLON= London, EnglandPAR= Paris, FranceSIN= Singapore,

Singapore

CITY AND AIRPORT CODES

• Some city and airport codes are formed by using three letters from the city’s name• Example: BKK=Bangkok,

ThailandHKG=Hong Kong, Hong

KongNBO=Nairobi, KenyaTYO=Tokyo, JapanZRH=Zurich, Switzerland

AIRLINE CODES

• Airline codes are often difficult to recognize• Example: AT=Royal Air Moroc

AZ=AlitaliaBA=British AirwaysJL=Japan Air LinesMS=Egypt AirLA=Lan Chile

AIR FARES & ROUTES

• Fares differ depending on air routes• All directions of travel have a 2-letter

code• Example: AF=via Africa

AP=via the Atlantic & Pacific

AT=via the AtlanticEH=Eastern HemisphereEU=via EuropePO=via North PoleWH=Western

Hemisphere