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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
Architectural Design Project
Proposed Plans and Design of
LAND TRANSPORT TERMINAL AND URBAN ENTERTAINMENT HUB
Dasmarias, Cavite
A Research Project Presented to the
Faculty of Architecture
Adamson University
______________________________________
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Architecture
_____________________________________
CUARESMA, CARLO PAULO L.
B.S. Architecture
March 2015
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ACCEPTANCE AND APPROVAL SHEET
This Terminal Architecture Research Project entitled Land Transport Terminal and
Urban Entertainment Hub located at Burol Main, City of Dasmarias, designed and submitted
by Carlo Paulo L. Cuaresma, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree, Bachelor
of Science in Architecture, examined and recommended for acceptance with a grade of
_______.
PANEL OF EVALUATORS
______________________ ______________________ ______________________
Arch. Roberto Duran Arch. Jasmin Lee Arch. Leonard Briones
ACCEPTED AND APPROVED
______________________________ Arch. Peter A. Villanueva , uap Dean, College of Architecture
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I am grateful to the Almighty God for establishing me to
complete this thesis.
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my professors and
advisers for giving me the opportunity to have this project. Without their
guidance and persistent help this dissertation would not have been possible.
I take this opportunity to record my sincere thanks to all my friends for
their never ending help and encouragement. I also thank my parents for their
unceasing motivation and financial support to be able to submit all the needed
requirement. I also place a record, my sense of gratitude to one and all who,
directly or indirectly, have lent their helping hand in this venture.
And lastly, to the City of Dasmarias, Cavite who helped me gather all the
relevant informations needed for this project.
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE V
ABSTRACT
Transportation is a non-separable part of any society. It is an important
component of the economy and a common tool used for development. Dasmarias City in Cavite is an example of a developing city. With the growing number of people residing the place, development of a Transport system is vital to provide easy and comfortable interchange of different modes of transport.
Most cities in Cavite have reasonable shopping and entertainment facilities like amusement parks etc. However, there is no integrated centre where the visitors can take the advantage of entertainment.
Development of a Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertaiment Hub in Dasmarias City, Cavite can improve the social, economic, industrial and commercial aspect of the city. It could result to better accessibility, employment and additional investments. It also aim to improve the quality of life that will lead to extensive and brilliant future ahead.
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE VI
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE I
APPROVAL SHEET II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IV
ABSTRACT V
TABLE OF CONTENTS VI
LIST OF TABLES VIII
LIST OF FIGURES VIII
CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1
1.1.INTRODUCTION 2 1.2.BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 3 1.3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 3 1.4. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 4 1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 4 1.6. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION 5 1.7. DEFINITION OF TERMS 6
CHAPTER 2: THE LITERATURE REVIEW 8
2.1. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 8 2.2. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY (LOCAL) 14 2.3. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY (FOREIGN) 19 2.4. RELEVANCE TO THE STUDY 26 2.5. RESEARCH PARADIGM 29
THE RESEARCH METHOD 31
3.1. RESEARCH METHOD/USED METHODOLOGY 31 3.2. TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS OF RESEARCH USED 32 3.3. DATA PROCESSING 33 3.4. STATISTICAL TREATMENT 33 3.5. RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONS 34 3.6. MARKET RADIUS ANALYSIS 35
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE VII
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 36
4.1. PROJECT PROFILE AND ANALYSIS 36 4.1.1. Overview 36 4.1.2. Statement of Use 37
4.2. SITE ANALYSIS 37 4.2.1. Site Selection and Justification 37 4.2.2. Regional Profile 38 4.2.3. Site Profile 39
4.3. SPATIAL ANALYSIS 48 4.3.1. User Analysis 48 4.3.2. Definition of Space 54 4.3.3. Building Technology and Utilities 60 4.3.4. Legal Considerations 68 4.3.5. Economics of Construction 72 4.3.6. Environmental Condition and Environmental Impact 73
4.4. CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS 74 4.4.1. Architectural Theories and Principles Applied in the
Design 74 4.4.2. Design Philosophy 75 4.4.3. Design Concept 76
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 77
5.1. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 77 5.2. CONCLUSION 78 5.3. RECOMMENDATION 78
REFERENCES 79
APPENDICES 81
ABOUT THE AUTHOR 89
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE VIII
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1: DASMARIAS WATER DISTRICT SERVICE CONNECTION 43
TABLE 2: POWER REQUIREMENTS (MWH) BY TYPE OF CONNECTION 43
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 4
FIGURE 2: PERSPECTIVE OF SORSOGON GRAND TERMINAL 15
FIGURE 3: AERIAL PERSPECTIVE OF LEGAZPI GRAND TERMINAL COMMERCIAL CENTER 16
FIGURE 4: AERIAL PERSPECTIVE OF BALANGA BATAAN GRAND TERMINAL 17
FIGURE 5:PERSPECTIVE OF LUCENA GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL 18
FIGURE 6: FAADE OF THE SOUTH-WEST INTEGRATED PROVINCIAL TRANSPORT TERMINAL 19
FIGURE 7: AERIAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE LIA PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDING 20
FIGURE 8: NIGHT PERSPECTIVE OF THE LIA PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDING 21
FIGURE 9: PERSPECTIVE OF LIANTANG/HEUNG YUEN WAI PASSENGER
TERMINAL BUILDING PROPOSAL BY ALAN CHEUNG KWOK-LUN AND
SAM HAU SUM-MING 22
FIGURE 10: INTERIOR PERSPECTIVE OF LIANTANG/HEUNG YUEN WAI
PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDING PROPOSAL BY ALAN CHEUNG
KWOK-LUN AND SAM HAU SUM-MING 24
FIGURE 11: SECTION OF LIANTANG/HEUNG YUEN WAI PASSENGER TERMINAL
BUILDING PROPOSAL BY ALAN CHEUNG KWOK-LUN AND SAM HAU
SUM-MING 25
FIGURE 12: RESEARCH PARADIGM 29
FIGURE 13: RESEARCH DESIGN (FLOW CHART) 35
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE IX
FIGURE 14: MARKET RADIUS ANALYSIS 35
FIGURE 15: CITY OF DASMARIAS CONTOUR MAP 40
FIGURE 16: CITY OF DASMARIAS EROSION MAP 41
FIGURE 17: CITY OF DASMARIAS EXISTING LAND USE MAP 44
FIGURE 18: VICINITY MAP 45
FIGURE 19: LOCATION MAP 45
FIGURE 20: NORTH VIEW OF THE SITE 46
FIGURE 21: SOUTH VIEW OF THE SITE 46
FIGURE 22: EAST VIEW OF THE SITE 46
FIGURE 23: WEST VIEW OF THE SITE 47
FIGURE 24: VISTA FROM NORTH OF THE SITE 47
FIGURE 25: UMC TO SITE 81
FIGURE 26: DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY TO SITE 81
FIGURE 27: EAC MED TO SITE 82
FIGURE 28: CITY HALL TO SITE 82
FIGURE 29: ST. PAUL MEDICAL CENTER TO SITE 83
FIGURE 30: WALTER MART TO SITE 83
FIGURE 31: KADIWA PUBLIC MARKET TO SITE 84
FIGURE 32. CITY OF DASMARIAS ROAD NETWORK MAP 85
FIGURE 33. CITY OF DASMARIAS EARTHQUAKE INDUCED LANDSLIDE HAZARD
MAP 86
FIGURE 34: CITY OF DASMARIAS GROUND SHAKING HAZARD MAP 87
FIGURE 35. CITY OF DASMARIAS HYDROGEOLOGIC MAP 88
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 1
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
1.1. INTRODUCTION
Transportation is a non-separable part of any society. It is an important
component of the economy and a common tool used for development. It
exhibits a very close relation to the style of life, the range and location of
activities and the goods and services which will be available for consumption.
Today, transportation in the Philippines is relatively underdeveloped, partly due
to the country's mountainous areas and scattered islands, and partly as a result
of the government's persistent underinvestment in the nation's infrastructure.
Transport has become the backbone of transportation system of
metropolis. It is vital for congested area of a high density city to provide easy and
comfortable interchange of different modes of transport. It has been
incorporating for the commuters in an overcrowded city. And since all trade of
wealth and productive labor involves transportation, whether it is the movement
of goods or the movement of people from their homes to their jobs or their
homes to the places where they shop, trade is impossible without
transportation, and complex trade is impossible without modern, mechanized
transportation.
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 2
Trade is the action of buying and selling goods and services. The need to
satisfy the needs of the consumers involves shopping with ease. Since they
depend on outside to buy their goods for their daily living, utilization and
development of a one-stop facility would be a decent idea in making the
consumers extend the whole comfort and safety for both public and private use.
1.2. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
A Transport terminal can be defined as a place where interface occurs
between transportation systems. Terminals generally serve multiple transit
operators and/or modes. There are many benefits to transport terminals,
including; supporting and enhancing transit usage, facilitating transfer between
modes, clarifying the regional transit network, increasing transportation options,
taking advantage of efficiencies, creating a destination and gateway, and
supporting economic and urban development (TranSystems Corporation 2013).
As transportation is concerned to physically move supplies in a reliable and safe
manner, on time, cost effectively and efficiently to its destination, there is really
a need for an access point in the system for use.
Dasmarias as the "Melting Pot" of Cavite has the largest population in the
entire province with over 575,000 people living within its borders (2010 Census
of Population and Housing). Being the 12th largest city in the country,
Dasmarias is now classified as a "first-class" city in terms of income
classification (National Statistical Coordination Board). Manifested by the influx
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 3
of industries, presence of large educational and health institutions, and the
growing number of subdivisions, development of a land transport terminal and
Urban entertainment hub could be a good investment.
The Land Transport terminal and Urban entertainment hub aim to
provide economic and social opportunities and benefits to the city of Dasmarias
that could result to better accessibility, employment and additional investments.
It also aim to improve the quality of life that will lead to extensive and brilliant
future ahead.
1.3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Major problem:
What is the design of the proposed terminal that would address
the development of transportation system and tourism of Dasmarias City?
Minor problems:
1. What architectural features are needed to make a high quality and one-
stop transport and entertainment facility?
2. What are the needed highlights of an Urban Entertainment hub to make
it an icon and a landmark of Dasmarias City?
3. What are the different theories and principles that are applicable to the
project?
4. What are the legal standards, codes, ordinances, and environmental
policies that are considered in designing the project?
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 4
1.4. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework
1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will be significant primarily to Dasmarias Citys development in
terms of its transportation system. With this, the development will open more
opportunities that will help the city to revitalize its identity. Although beneficial
to a lot of people, the researcher generalized the importance of this study to:
Local Government
The operation of the project will enhance the economic and fiscal status
of the local government resulting from the following, Increase in Real Property
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 5
Taxes as a Direct Result of Improvement in Property Values in areas adjacent to
the property. Increase in Business Taxes, new establishments are expected to
open from business. As a requirement for new business, this establishment will
pay to the local government business taxes, garbage fees and occupancy permit.
Other benefits directly accruing to the government. Government will be able to
optimize its income from the property that has been poorly revenue generating
in the past.
Local Community
Benefits of employment, there will be employment opportunities
generated during project construction. Terms and Transport Cost Savings, local
residents and adjoining municipality will have a facility that will cater their rising
number of passengerss
Future researcher
Future researchers can benefit this study in order to provide them a broad
ideas and knowledge to gather information about the Land Transport terminal
and Entertainment hub and provide of source of information. Enhance the
knowledge about the considerations needed for the proposal.
1.6. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
If the zoning of the site and the present condition of Dasmarias City is
analyzed, then having a Land Transport terminal is suitable to provide all the
facilities needed by the rising number of commuters to have a smooth and
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 6
hassle-free travel. Since Dasmarias City is also struggling to reestablish its
identity by revitalizing inner city neighborhoods and central business district,
then putting up an Urban entertainment hub is one of the best solution to let the
people experience a combination of relaxation, recreation as well as
entertainment. The proposed Land Transport terminal and Urban entertainment
hub will also be an iconic one-stop facility to help Dasmarias gain its popularity
and to help promote the tourism of Cavite that will also enhance the Philippine
tourism.
The proposal is to come up with a Land Transport terminal and Urban
entertainment hub in Dasmarias City, and as a built form proposal, researches
and studies are limited. The study will not focus on the structural component of
built structures; structural consultation will be made but will not be sufficient.
Comprehensive site analysis is considered but not given much attention,
however, impacts on the building itself will be analyzed.
1.7. DEFINITION OF TERMS
Concourse A place where pathways and roads meets, such as in a hotel, a
convention center, a railway station, a passenger terminal, or other spaces.
Commuter - A person who travels some distance to work on a regular basis.
Consumer A person or group of people, such as a household, who are the final
users of products and services.
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 7
Dwell Time - The time a vehicle (bus, truck, train, or ship) is allowed to load or
unload passengers at a terminal.
Egress The action of going out or leaving a place.
Entertainment - is a form of activity that holds the attention and iinterest of an
audience, or gives pleasure and delight.
Ingress- The act of going or coming in.
Leisure defined as the time spent away from business, work, domestic chores,
and education.
Transport Terminal - Terminals are central and intermediate locations in the
movements of passengers and freight.
Urban Entertainment hub Is a family-oriented entertainment destination.
These centers combine relaxation and recreation with entertainment to form an
overall experience.
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 8
CHAPTER 2
THE LITERATURE REVIEW
Presented in chapter 2 are various information about constructing a Land
Transport terminal and an Urban entertainment hub. Moreover, this chapter
focuses on the importance of a Transport terminal, its elements and its function
and the amenities of an Urban entertainment hub.
2.1. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
2.1.1. Transportation Modes
Transportation modes are an essential component of transport systems since
they are the means by which mobility is supported. Geographers consider a wide
range of modes that may be grouped into three broad categories based on the
medium they exploit: land, water and air (Rodrigue 2013).
Each mode has its own requirements and features, and is adapted to serve
the specific demands of freight and passenger traffic. This gives rise to marked
differences in the ways the modes are deployed and utilized in different parts of
the world.
2.1.1.1. Road Transportation
Road transportation as one of the modes of transportation is referred to as a
means by which goods, people and services are moved from one place to
another through a prepared surface usually plied by cars, trucks, buses,
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 9
motorbikes and humans. In addition, road transportation is a means of
overcoming economic disadvantages that an area might have; it is a means of
improving productivity and economy of a particular area. Thus, road
transportation provides a means of easy accessibility to remote area so as to
boast the economy of the area (Hurst 1976).
The most common road vehicle is the automobile, a wheeled passenger
vehicle that carries its own motor. As of 2002, there were 590 million
automobiles worldwide. Other users of roads include buses, trucks, motorcycles,
bicycles and pedestrians.
Since one of the major problems of Dasmarias is the traffic demand of the
commuters, then putting up a Land Transport terminal along the remote area
will be helpful to ensure fast and efficient operations, thus, making the travel
experience a whole lot easier for commuters.
2.1.2. Transport Terminal defined Terminals are central and intermediate locations in the movements of
passengers and freight. They often require specific facilities and equipment to
accommodate the traffic they handle (Rodrigue, 2013).
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 10
2.1.3. Importance of Transport Terminals
2.1.3.1. Location
The major locational factor of a transport terminal is obviously to serve a
large concentration of population and/or industrial activities, representing a
terminal's market area.
2.1.3.2.Accessibility
Accessibility to other terminals (at the local, regional and global scale) as
well as how well the terminal is linked to the regional transport system is of
importance.
2.1.3.3. Infrastructure
Infrastructure considerations are consequently important as they must
accommodate current traffic and anticipate future trends and also technological
and logistical changes. Modern terminal infrastructures consequently require
massive investments and are among the largest structures ever built. A
utilization rate of 75 to 80% is considered to be the optimal since above this
level, congestion starts to arise, undermining the reliability of the terminal
facility.
2.1.4. Elements of a Transport Terminal
2.1.4.1. Infrastructure
Infrastructure is the fixed installations that allow a vehicle to operate. It
consists of a way, a terminal and facilities for parking and maintenance.
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 11
Terminals such as stations are locations where passengers and freight can be
transferred from one vehicle or mode to another. For passenger transport,
terminals are integrating different modes to allow riders to interchange to take
advantage of each mode's advantages. The terminals for automobiles are
parking lots, while buses and coaches can operate from simple stops (Cooper et
al., 1998).
2.1.4.2. Vehicles
A vehicle is any non-living device that is used to move people and goods.
Unlike the infrastructure, the vehicle moves along with the cargo and riders. For
passenger transport, the vehicle must have a compartment for the passengers.
The proposed terminal will cater buses, AUVs, tricycles and jeepneys. By
then, commuters of Dasmarias and the neighboring cities will experience the
ease of commuting.
2.1.5. Function of a Transport terminal
Passenger transport, or travel, is the main function of the proposed
transport terminal because travel may be a part of daily commuting, for
business, leisure or migration of the people. Passenger transport is divided into
public and private transport. Public transport is scheduled services on fixed
routes; while private is vehicles that provide ad hoc services at the riders desire.
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 12
2.1.6. Urban Entertainment Hub defined
Urban Entertainment Hub (UEH) can be defined as family-oriented
entertainment destinations. These centers combine shopping and recreation
with entertainment to form an overall experience. UEHs are not the
stereotypical indoor climate controlled centers like malls but incorporate a
variety of outdoor plazas, corridors, paths, trails, courtyards, and interior space
(Development of Urban Entertainment Centers in Karnataka, 2009).
The goal of an Urban Entertainment Hub for a city is, perhaps, to create tax
revenue, or to sell food, or merchandise, but for the visitor the overriding
concept is to have fun. Entertainment is the draw and a large part of what
creates the unique experience of the center.
Urban Entertainment Hub have been developed everywhere with
appearances like theme parks, sport arenas, indoor leisure sites, center parks,
multiplex cinemas or musical theatres. These centers, often dedicated to a
special theme, combine different leisure functions with retail trade and
entertainment.
In order to provide better entertainment and facilities to the tourists and to
the people of Cavite, it was suggested that an integrated system such as an
Urban Entertainment Hub should be developed in one of the major cities of
Cavite which is Dasmarias. Most cities in Cavite have reasonable shopping and
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 13
entertainment facilities like amusement parks etc. However, there is no
integrated center where the visitors can take the advantage of entertainment.
2.1.7. Development and Planning Considerations of an Urban
Entertainment Hub
2.1.7.1. Development considerations
Selection of site
A suitable site should be selected in the whole city .The factors such as
population density, connectivity, site dimensions should be considered for
selecting the site.
Study of legal framework
A thorough study of the legal framework related to the development is a
necessity. The obligations pertaining to the project has to be well known,
different acts pertaining to this sector has to be understood.
2.1.7.2. Planning considerations
Study of demographics
Demographics of the city has to be studied in detail to establish any set up.
This could include the population, male and female ratio, youth population,
linguistic details etc. This helps in understanding the profile of the people in the
city.
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 14
Socio-economic profile of the city
The socio-economic profile of the city provides information about its major
occupation, the prevailing economy scenario of the city, major factors
influencing economy etc.
Analyzing tourist attractions
The number of tourists visiting the city will definitely help in estimating the
footfalls to Urban Entertainment Hub. Tourists are the major revenue generators
for the business entities such as hotels, shopping malls, movie theaters,
amusement parks etc.
Industrialization of the city
This factor is as important, if not more, to other planning consideration as
the level of industrialization of any city will increase the disposable income
among the population and in turn will be important to ascertain the components
of the Urban Entertainment Hub.
2.2. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY (LOCAL)
2.2.1. Sorsogon Grand Terminal
Located at the heart of Sorsogon City, The Sorsogon GT serves as a trading
hub for all the Sorsogon provinces, including Masbate. It is composed of its
exclusive integral transport terminal and commercial center, showcasing a
shopping and an entertainment hub. It manages the operation and interface of
various landbased transport services such as buses, jeepneys, filcabs and
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 15
tricycles. Projected to draw 25,000-30,000 foot traffic, the Sorsogon Grand
terminal will definitely alter the market behavior and thereby broaden and
create various market segments out of the commuting public in Sorsogon and
the neighboring provinces including Masbate and Catanduanes.
Figure 2: Perspective of Sorsogon Grand Terminal(Retrieved from: http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/lky-sorsogon-central-terminal/)
2.2.2. Legazpi Grand Terminal Commercial Center
Covering the area of about 3.9 hectares, Legazpi GT is a modern transport
terminal facility and a business commercial center. With first-rate terminal
services equipped with well mapped-out system, the terminal operation includes
high-end monitors hooked-up to the system and the computerized entrance and
exit systems for maximum security. With anchor tenants, Save More, Do-It-
Yourself (DIY), and the terminal itself, Legazpi Grand Terminal banks on its 50-
http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/lky-sorsogon-central-terminal/
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 16
year exclusivity contract with the local government. Thus, assuring a continued
growth in as far as customer foot traffic is concerned.
Figure 3: Aerial perspective of Legazpi Grand Terminal Commercial Center(Retrieved from: http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/lky-legazpi-
grand-terminal/)
2.2.3. Balanga Bataan Grand Terminal
The site is an L-shaped 4.6 hectare lot in Balanga, Bataan with an existing
3,000 square meter terminal structure. It is bounded by Calero Street which
connects the downtown plaza of Balanga with the proposed future city center
site along Enrique Garcia Sr. Avenue which connects to the provincial highway.
As the entry point for most people who come into the city and as a regular part
of peoples' day to day activities, it seems only natural that a comprehensive
development program be developed for this site. A bevy of mixed-use spaces
http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/lky-legazpi-grand-terminal/http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/lky-legazpi-grand-terminal/
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 17
and an integrated central walkway along with open public spaces and generous
rest areas allow for a more urban yet relaxed lifestyle.
Figure 4: Aerial perspective of Balanga Bataan Grand Terminal(Retrieved
from: http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/balanga-bataan-grand-terminal)
2.2.4. Lucena Grand Central Terminal and Shopping Complex
Dubbed as the biggest bus and jeepney terminal in Luzon, this terminal
resemble a modern day domestic airport facility, boasting a wide array of
amenities that will ensure a comfortable waiting place for passengers heading
for Metro Manila, Bicol provinces and many towns of Southern Tagalog region.
Built into the terminal complex is a shopping center offering a variety of goods
and services complete with fastfood centers that could cater to hundreds of
customers at any given time. An average of 50,000 people will go through this
facility daily, creating business activity unsurpassed in the citys history.
http://lkygroup.com/terminal-operations/balanga-bataan-grand-terminal
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 18
Figure 5: Perspective of Lucena Grand Central Terminal (Retrieved from: http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1370&dat=19970924&id=pY8VAAAAI
BAJ&sjid=bQsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1654,2558894)
2.2.5. South-West Integrated Provincial Transport Terminal
SIPTT is a centralized, intermodal and integrated bus terminal system which
aims to improve the mobility of people and the traffic situation inside Metro
Manila road network by consolidating all existing 85 terminals scattered all over
the inner core of Metro Manila to (three) central terminals located at the fringes
of Metro Manila. The temporary terminal for the South-West routes covers
almost 1.4 hectares of Uniwide Mall property along Paraaque coastal road to
be leased by the MMDA for a period of 2 1/2 years.
http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1370&dat=19970924&id=pY8VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bQsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1654,2558894http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1370&dat=19970924&id=pY8VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=bQsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1654,2558894
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 19
The terminal will cater provincial buses coming from the South-West routes
run by 86 bus operators managing almost 1,000 buses and covering 72 routes.
Around 32,000 passengers were expected but actual survey revealed that the
average passengers per 1-bus trip for all 800 assumed provincial buses in the
terminal are around 34,000.
Figure 6: Faade of South-West Integrated Provincial Transport Terminal(Retrieved from: http://mmda.gov.ph/SW-integrated-provincial-
terminal.html) 2.3. REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY (FOREIGN)
2.3.1. LIA Passenger Terminal Building
The LIA Passenger Terminal Building for Hong Kong, China was developed
to respond the surrounding urban structure, and to create a visually striking
landmark that will act as a gate point for the city. It is designed with the
intention to become an iconic character for the city while becoming an
environmentally-efficient structure.
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Figure 7: Aerial perspective of LIA Passenger Terminal Building (Retrieved from: http://arch2o.com/lia-passenger-terminal-building-edit/)
The building takes the form of a softly shaped object spanning over the
river as a symbol of the contrasts with the rigid structure of the truck parking
which surrounds it. The same soft form is also used for the platform accessed by
cars and buses. Together they work harmoniously as a whole and reflect the
ubiquitous flow over the river. The impression of the building also represents
the simple organization of the traffic inside with mirrored directions of
passengers flow.
http://www.arch2o.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Arch2o-LIA-Passenger-Terminal-Building-Edit-1.jpg
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ADAMSON UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE PAGE 21
Figure 8: Night perspective of LIA Passenger Terminal Building (Retrieved from: http://arch2o.com/lia-passenger-terminal-building-edit/)
The green roof is formed by terraces, creating an impression of a typical
South China landscape. It also acts as a thermal and sound insulation, reducing
energy consumption for heating and AC and reducing the temperature
fluctuations within the building. The faade has been designed to articulate the
program and to emphasize the iconic structure. The trapezoidal cladding a visual
illusion of movement around the building.
2.3.2. Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Control Point Passenger
Terminal Proposal | WAU Design
Twisted Link concept project by WAU Design has won the team a
Commendation in Ideas Competition for Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai Boundary
Control Point Passenger Terminal Building for its unique twisted design that
connects Hongkong and Luohu in Shenzhen, China. In addition to the fact that
the building plays a symbolic role of collaboration and communication between
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Hong Kong and Shenzhen East , but also it should serve vehicles and passengers
traveling between those two countries. Just like its name, the twisted design
presents complementary and mutual beneficial partnership between Hong Kong
and Shenzhen on various levels of of lifestyle and political views between both
countries. The designer expresses this design concept as the following,
Twisted Link: Based on a basis shapea cuboid, a dynamic building
shape will be created from twisting one end 90 degrees clockwise. This building
shape can weaken the boundary between building envelopment. After
deformation, the roof turns into wall, or wall into floor. This deformation also
indicates the multi-level combination as life-style and political formation
between Hong Kong and Shenzhen. It also brings a new experience about
building internal space.
Figure 9: Perspective of Liantang / Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Terminal Proposal by WAU Design (Retrieved from: http://arch2o.com/liantang-heung-yuen-wai-boundary-control-point-passenger-terminal-proposal-wau-design/)
Based on people-oriented principle, this building shape has been
adjusted according to humans according to humans need (passengers) where
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two clearance streamlines are combined into one and two departure halls are
set on the second floor.A low-scope path leads passengers to the arrival hall
which leads passengers to be able to avoid too much dependence on vertical
transportation. But meanwhile, other passengers from different directions can
also visually interact with the building and get a full of abundance and
enrichment image of passenger terminal building.
2.3.3. Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Control Point Passenger
Terminal Building Proposal | Alan Cheung Kwok-lun and Sam Hau Sum-ming
Architectural designers Alan Cheung Kwok-lun and Sam Hau Sum-ming
from Hong Kong have designed a conceptual passenger terminal building for the
International Design Ideas Competition for Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Boundary
Control Point Passenger Terminal Building, in an attempt to link up China and
Hong Kong through the reveal of nature. Inspired by the distant nature of the
lands along the border, the proposed architecture does not merely fulfill the
purpose of border crossing. It should be capable in enhancing the usability for
both Hong Kong and Shenzhen citizens, as well as the aesthetic quality of the
hidden natural surroundings.
The remoteness and naturalness of the site gives a significant meaning to
Hong Kong where condensed urban environment usually exists. It can be
regarded as a garden to the entire Hong Kong, where people can enjoy and
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spend their weekends in such natural atmosphere with fantastic mountains and
farmland scenery. On the contrary, a developed ground with little greenery is
situated on the other side of the boundary. What those inhabitants long for
would likely be a piece of green for their daily need such as jogging, taking a
coffee-break, etc.
Figure 10: Interior perspective of Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Passenger Terminal Building Proposal by Alan Cheung Kwok-lun and Sam Hau Sum-ming (Retrieved from: http://arch2o.com/liantangheung-yuen-wai-boundary-control-
point-passenger-terminal-building-proposal-alan-cheung-kwok-lun-and-sam-hau-sum-ming/)
2.3.3.1. Aesthetics and Identity
The identity of the design is not only coming from the building itself, but
also the surrounding natural environment on both sides of the boundary. This
design is intended to let visitors appreciate and experience the nature. The
building and rooftop walkway is arranged in three dimensional and irregular
setting, so the visitors can have a sense of traditional Chinese farmland and
adjacent mountainscape. Also, the walkway is connected with the public
http://www.arch2o.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Arch2o-LiantangHeung-Yuen-Wai-Boundary-Control-Point-Passenger-Terminal-Building-Proposal-3.jpghttp://arch2o.com/liantangheung-yuen-wai-boundary-control-point-passenger-terminal-building-proposal-alan-cheung-kwok-lun-and-sam-hau-sum-ming/http://arch2o.com/liantangheung-yuen-wai-boundary-control-point-passenger-terminal-building-proposal-alan-cheung-kwok-lun-and-sam-hau-sum-ming/http://arch2o.com/liantangheung-yuen-wai-boundary-control-point-passenger-terminal-building-proposal-alan-cheung-kwok-lun-and-sam-hau-sum-ming/
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interchange, which offers the visitors the access to the nearby greenery area.
Observation decks are provided for visitors to enjoy the views on opposite side
of the border.
2.3.3.2. Connectivity with Neighborhood
The design directs the passenger and visitors to the city and surrounding
nature respectively. The visitors leaving from the public transport interchange
are led to a landscape zone along the river. They can reach the rooftop walkway
connecting to the natural environment, such as Pak Fu Shan/ Wong Mau Hang
Shan in Hong Kong, and Tang Pak Shan/Shenzhen Reservoir in Shenzhen. The
rooftop space also provides the existing villagers with a communal space and the
possibility of viewing the opposite border.
Figure 11: Section of Liantang/Heung Yuen Wai Passenger Terminal Building Proposal (Retrieved from: http://arch2o.com/liantangheung-yuen-wai-
boundary-control-point-passenger-terminal-building-proposal-alan-cheung-kwok-lun-and-sam-hau-sum-ming/)
http://www.arch2o.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Arch2o-LiantangHeung-Yuen-Wai-Boundary-Control-Point-Passenger-Terminal-Building-Proposal-9.jpg
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2.3.3.2. Environmental Friendliness
Taking the advantage of river-side location, the design uses seawater as a
cooling source to reduce the energy consumption for active cooling. A large area
of stone is planted below ground and cooled down by seawater at night. The
cooled stone will be exposed during daytime and provide cool air to situate with
the heat generated in this facility.
Meanwhile, since the site is a piece of valuable land acted as a
breeding ground for numerous animal and plant species. The hexagonal faade
offers an opportunity for planting and creating bird habitat. The collected
rainwater is used for plant irrigation and self-cleaning. With proper articulation
on aesthetics, connectivity with neighborhood and environmental strategies, the
proposed boundary control point opens a chance to reveal this Mysterious
Garden which is beneficial to the border crossing passengers, Hong Kong and
Shenzhen citizens, as well as to the animals and plants.
2.4. RELEVANCE TO THE STUDY
The proposed Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub is
intended to function as a new point of convergence and to become an iconic
character for Dasmarias. With this, the city will be linked to a new vision of
youth and vibrance, resilience and dynamism. The centrality of the development
and its comprehensive and intrinsic integration of functions create a major
destination point that rivals most developments in the region.
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Just like the Legazpi Grand Terminal Commercial Center, the proposed
terminal and entertainment hub will provide the commuters and consumers a
vision of luxury, the luxury of freedom. It is a freedom of movement, a freedom
of choice and a freedom of space.It will provide the people a more urban yet
relaxed lifestyle hence ensuring fast and efficient terminal operations, making
travel a whole lot easier for commuters. It will definitely alter the market
behavior and thereby broaden and create various market segments out of the
commuting public in Dasmarias and the neighboring cities including Bacoor,
Imus and Tagaytay City.
In order to provide better entertainment and facilities to the tourists and
to the people of Cavite, it was suggested that an Urban Entertainment Hub
should be developed in one of the remote city of Cavite which is Dasmarias.
Most cities in Cavite have reasonable shopping and entertainment facilities like
amusement parks etc. However, there is no integrated centre where the visitors
can take the advantage of entertainment.
For the proposed Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub
reach the peak of success, different development and planning considerations
must be given attention. The site, as one of its important factors, must be
studied thoroughly. It should be suitable enough to cater the increasing number
of passengers and consumers every year. Next is the City profile of Dasmarias,
its demograhics as well as its socio-economic profile must be studied in detail so
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that the present scenario of the city will be defined making the proposal
beneficial enough to boost its economy. The neighboring attractions must also
be considered, the proposed Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment
Hub must be unique making it the iconic facility of Dasma. And lastly, the
industrialization of Dasmarias City, this factor is as important, if not more, to
other planning consideration as the level of industrialization of any city will
increase the disposable income among the population and in turn will be
important to ascertain the components of the Urban Entertainment Hub.
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2.5. RESEARCH PARADIGM
Figure 12: Research Paradigm
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2.5.1. Discussion of Research Paradigm
A research paradigm is a systematic investigation about the project
where by data were collected, analyzed, and interpreted in some way that it
could be easily understand the relationship between constructs. The researcher
divided the task according to its substance.
Inputs, in this section, the researchers gather data about Transport Terminal and
Urban Entertainment Hub. Different concepts, designs and ideas of existing
terminals and entertainment facility are considered. Also, Laws and articles
related to the project are defined, and then the gathered data is analyzed and
interpreted. And these are under the Processes. Here, the listed courses will be
deduced. The researcher took action to each course of the collected information.
Site studies, architectural design and conceptualization, preparation and revision
of architectural drawing schemes are also under the process. And lastly,
complete architectural drawings belongs to the third section which is the output.
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CHAPTER 3
THE RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter deals with the research methodology, tools and instruments of
research, sources of data, design methodology and planning methods to be
applied in the design of this study.
3.1. RESEARCH METHOD/USED METHODOLOGY
For the purpose of this research, after examining the objectives of the study
and realizing that the study needs to focus on present situations, qualitative and
quantitative design had been chosen by the proponent.
Under the qualitative design, phenomenology method will be applied
wherein an interview to the group of people with the same experience will be
made to complete the documents needed. Also, logical argumentation method
will be used wherein historical research in books, journals, article, etc., will be
done in order to search for concept or theories.
Under the quantitative design, since proposed project will work to the
proposed location, experiment research method will be used in order to
determine the cause and effect of the problem. Another is the descriptive
research method, under this method, the technique used is the survey method,
which is otherwise known as normative survey.
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Another research method used by the proponent is the Market radius
analysis, a research method that will identify the market radius of the proposed
project. Findings regarding the different factors to consider in desigining a Land
Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub are obtained using the said
method.
In this study, the respondents which will participate in the survey are mainly
the commuters, the operators of the terminal such as bus drivers, conductors,
inspectors etc., the household sectors and the business sectors within the
projected market radius.
3.2. TOOLS/INSTRUMENTS OF RESEARCH USED
3.2.1. Interview
An interview will be conducted to different household sectors, commuters
and consumers. Their insights about Land Transport terminal and Urban
Entertainment hub will be considered in able to know the different trends and
innovations to make the proposed project different from the other.
3.2.2. Research
Researches on Transport terminals and entertainment hubs designs will be
made in order to know pertinent informations regarding its different features.
Also, Dasmarias Citys background and the culture of the people will be studied
in order to know the state of their transportation system, local economy and the
differentt activities of the people in the area.
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3.3. SOURCES OF DATA
The researcher will gather data through a primary source which is an
interview of the people within the locality of Dasmarias and its neighboring
cities to share their different insights and through the actual observation in
Dasmarias City which is also a factor for the output of the project.; and
secondary through other researches and related projects regarding a Land
Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub.
3.4. STATISTICAL TREATMENT
As soon as the researcher gathered the pertinent data, they were
complied, sorted out, organized and tabulated. The data were subjected to
statistical treatment in order toanswer the questions proposed in this study.
3.4.1. Percentage distribution
Percentage Distribution is a descriptive statistics used to determine the
number of respondents responding to a particular category against the total
number of respondents. The percentage can be computed by dividing the class
frequency by the total frequency.
= 100
where: P= percentage f= frequency N= number of class
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3.4.2. Weighted Mean
Weighted Mean is used to calculate the central tendency of the
responses of the respondents, the formula is:
() = ()
where:
() = weighted mean x = sum of all the quantities f= frequency n= number of respondents
3.5. RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONS
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Figure 13. Research Design (Flowchart)
3.6. MARKET RADIUS ANALYSIS
Figure14. Market Radius Analysis
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CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This Chapter shows the organization of the findings according to the
research questions. It shows the conceptualization of the solution for the
promotion of the local economy of Cavite.
4.1. PROJECT PROFILE AND ANALYSIS
4.1.1. Overview
The proposed Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub in
Dasmarias Cavite is located in a 5.563 hectares or 55,630 square meter lot in
Burol Main, City of Dasmarias, Cavite bounded an east river on the north, a
southeast river in the east, a lot on the west and road on the south. The
proposed Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub is intended to
function as a new point of convergence and to become an iconic character for
Dasmarias.
It will showcase all the facilities and amenities needed by the consumers
and commuters. The proposed land transport terminal and entertainment hub
will provide a more urban yet relaxed lifestyle hence ensuring fast and efficient
terminal operations, making travel a whole lot easier for commuters.
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The proposal tends to developed one of the remote city of Cavite which is
Dasmarias by providing a new facility where the visitors can take the advantage
of entertainment because there is no integrated center nearby.
4.1.2. Statement of Use
Since the proposed project is a Land Transport Terminal and Urban
Entertainment hub, it compasses transportation facilities that will cater all rising
population of commuters every year. With this proposal, people will experience
a smooth and hassle-free travel between points of destinations. Also, as the
proposal tackles about an Entertainment hub, consumers will be at ease to find a
one-stop facility that can provide them their recreational needs.
4.2. SITE ANALYSIS
4.2.1. Site Selection and Justification
4.2.1.1: Criteria for Site Selection
The lists of criteria are defined as follows in order to reach a continuous
involvement of the community which is the key for a land transport terminal and
entertainment hub development.
Accessible in cities of CALABARZON and other towns of the Philippines.
Major junction must be considered.
Developed or Urbanized area. These can serve as a catchment area for
more audiences
The development must be beneficial for the community
Near to the other points of interest in the city
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Popular and established area
Near from educational facilities
Minimal earthquake hazard. No site can be expected to be perfect or ideal, so
the choice will often involve a finding about relative risks and cost of designing to
save the project from harm.
4.2.1.2: Site Selection Justification
Dasmarias City in Cavite is known as the "Melting Pot" of Cavite has the
largest population in the entire province with over 575,000 people living within
its borders (2010 Census of Population and Housing). Dasmarias is said to be
one of the future business district within the Region of CALABARZON. From
other towns, it can be accessed through Aguinaldo Highway, Congressional
Avenue, Salitran-Salawag Road, Salawag-Molino Road and Governors Drive.
4.2.2. Regional Profile
According to (Region IV-A Profile, 2011), The Calabarzon Region is located
in the south-western part of the island of Luzon and has a total land area of
16,560 square kilometers. Calabarzon is the second most densely populated
region in the country, principally because it is the closest region to metro Manila.
Because of its close proximity to Manila and the industrial and economic
opportunities that exist there, Calabarzon is experiencing rapid urbanization. As
of the year 2000, 67% of its population lives in urban areas.
The region is also one of the countrys leading regions for economic
investment and growth. With the influx of people and rapid industrial growth,
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environmental issues such as pollution, solid waste management, conservation,
and natural resource management will increasingly become major concerns.
Additionally, the rapid growth in population will require increased investments in
infrastructure and services in order to maintain the relatively high living
standards that residents of Calabarzon currently enjoy.
4.2.3. Site Profile
4.2.3.1: Physical Profile
The site is a 5.563 hectares or 55,630 square meter lot in Burol Main,
City of Dasmarias, Cavite bounded an east river on the north, a southeast river
in the east, a lot on the west and road on the south.
4.2.3.1.1. Soil Bearing and Physical Properties of Underlaying Soil
The soils of the City are of the Guadalupe, Magallanes and Carmona
Series. Under each series the soil type are Guadalupe clay loam and Guadalupe
clay abode, Magallanes clay loam and Magallanes loam and the Carmona clay
loam and Carmona clay.
4.2.3.1.2. Topography
Dasmarias City covers approximately 9,013 hectares. The City is
generally lowland with areas having slopes 0-18% accounting for about 81% the
total area while the remaining 19% are with slopes 18% and above.
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Figure 15. Dasmarias City Contour Map (City of Dasmarias City Profile, 2014)
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Figure 16. Erosion Potential Map (City of Dasmarias City Profile, 2014)
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4.2.3.1.1. Slope Stability
Since the site is generally Level to Nearly Level area. It is characterized by
none to slight erosion.
4.2.3.1.2. Climate
Dasmarias has two pronounced seasons: wet and dry season. Wet
season covers the period from May to December and dry from January to April.
The east-southeast monsoon prevails over the area from December to May
while southwesterly winds blow during rainy season from June to August with
heavy downpour.
4.2.3.1.3. Geographical Distance of Related Areas
Dasmarias is 30 kilometers from Metro Manila; 12 kilometers from the
provincial capitol, Trece Martirez City; 27 kilometers from the city of Tagaytay;
30 kilometers from Laguna and 30 kilometers from the coastal towns of Rosario,
Kawit, and Cavite City. The accessibility of the area is one of the factors that
contributed to its rapid development. Likewise, the road network supports the
town in its functional role as a residential, commercial, industrial and university
town center.
4.2.3.1.4. Availability of Utilities
Water, Sanitation, Electricity and Communication are available in the site
since it is the major criteria in choosing the site for the Proposed Land Transport
Terminal and Entertainment Hub.
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The main source of water on the site is provided by the Dasmarias Water
District. The Table 1. shows the total active connections and the number of
water sources provided by the DWD service connections.
Table 1. Dasmarias Water District service connection
The main source of power on the site is provided by the Napocor and
Meralco. It serves approximately 9013 hectares.
Table 2. Power Requirements (MWH) by Type of Connection
TYPE OF CONNECTION NO. OF CONNECTION
DOMESTIC 80,416
INDUSTRIAL 102
COMMERCIAL 3,271
OTHERS 138
TOTAL 83,927
4.2.3.1.5. Land Use and Zoning
93,070 Total Active Service Connections
97,720 Total Production
29,764,212
Population Served 605,304
No. of Barangays Served 75
No. of City/iesServed 1
No. of Subdivisions Served 96
No. of Water Sources
Ground 1 Wells 116
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Figure 17. Dasmarias City Existing Land Use Map (City of Dasmarias
City Profile, 2014)
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4.2.3.1.6. Site Analysis
Vicinity Map
Figure 18. Vicinity Map
Location Plan
Figure 19. Location Map
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Site Photo and Analysis
Figure 20. North View of the site
Figure 21. South View of the site
Figure 22. East View of the site
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Figure 23. West View of the site
4.2.3.1.7. Prominent Vision lines / Visual linkages
Figure 24. Vista from North of the site
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4.3. SPATIAL ANALYSIS
4.3.1. User Analysis
4.3.1.1. Organizational Profile of Users
Land Transport Terminal
Composed of heads and managers which handles the main operation of
the Terminal and its other activities.
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Restaurant/Comedy Bar/Super Club
Composed of the manager, assistant manager, headwaiter and staff
handles all the works pertaining to restaurant such as cooking, serving, managing
and others.
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4.3.1.2. Functional Charts
Land Transport Terminal
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Restaurant/Super Club Sports and Recreational Facilities
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Retail Stores and Cinema House
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4.3.1.3. User Behavior Analysis
Commuters- A person who travels some distance to work on a regular basis.
All the commuters from Dasmarias and other neighboring cities will be
catered by the Transport terminal. Trips to different destination will be provided
by the proposed terminal.
Consumers- A person who purchases goods and services for personal use.
Consumers includes households, students, professionals, employees etc.
All the recreational needs of the consumers will be provided by the
Entertainment Hub. Thus, the proposed hub will be a complete facility to let the
consumers enjoy and have fun.
Locals of Dasmarias
Residents of Dasmarias can enjoy the different facilities provided by the
Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub as it is open for general
public.
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4.3.2. Definition of Space
4.3.2.1. Summary of Spaces
Definition of Spaces (Building 1- Land Transport Terminal)
SUMMARY OF SPACES
DEFINITION AND USE
AREA IN SQ.M.
Waiting Area
A room or area with seating where people can wait.
1,795 sq.m
Ticketing Office
A room or location where tickets are sold, especially for entertainment events or transportation services.
27.90 sq.m
Conference Room
A room provided for singular events such as business conferences and meetings.
23.35 sq.m
Pantry
A small room or closet, usually off a kitchen, where food, tableware, linens, and similar items are stored.
4.00 sq.m
Storage
A room in which things are stored.
9.47 sq.m
Common Toilets
A room equipped with one or more lavatories and toilets
101.4 sq.m
ATM Booth
An area for automated teller machines.
12.28 sq.m
Concessionaires
A business that sells goods to the consumer.
185.38 sq.m
Passenger Nap Room
A place where passenger sleep for a short time.
108.65 sq.m
Breastfeeding Station
A place intended for passengers for the breastfeeding of their babies.
22.18 sq.m
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Convenience Store
A small retail store that is open long hours and that typically sells staple groceries, snacks, and beverages.
196.50 sq.m
Dispatchers Office
A room where communications personnel receives and transmits pure and reliable messages, tracks vehicles and equipment and records other important information.
98.49 sq.m
Drivers Sleeping
Quarters
A place where drivers sleep and prepare for the next trip.
175.17 sq.m
Definition of Spaces (Building 2- Super Club)
SUMMARY OF SPACES
DEFINITION AND USE
AREA IN SQ.M.
Dining Area An area for consuming food.
2111.09 sq.m
Kitchen A room used for cooking and food preparation.
500 sq.m
Common Toilets A room equipped with one or more lavatories, toilets and urinals.
211.68 sq.m
Definition of Spaces ( Building 3- Retail Stores and Cinema House)
SUMMARY OF SPACES
DEFINITION AND USE
AREA IN SQ.M.
Retail Shop
A mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services.
73.38 sq.m
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Fitting Rooms
A room, as in a clothing store, where garments are tried on and measurements taken for alterations or other changes.
11.61 sq.m
Beauty Salon
A place dealing with cosmetic treatments for men and women
221.54 sq.m
Barber Shop
A place dealing with haircut treatments for both men and women.
81.90 sq.m
Bakeshop A workplace where baked goods (breads and cakes and pastries) are produced or sold.
81.90 sq.m
Coffee Shop
A small restaurant in which coffee and light meals are served.
81.90 sq.m
Cinema
A venue, usually a building, for viewing movies (films), for entertainment.
184.63 sq.m
Lounge A public waiting area provided with seating.
162.78 sq.m
Concessionaires A business that sells goods to the consumer.
16.00 sq.m
Film Vault A place for safekeeping of film.
11.22 sq.m
Rewinding Area An area intended for the rewinding of films.
11.22 sq.m
Projection Area Requires space at the rear of the auditorium and can be within the lighting control room.
11.22 sq.m
Administration Office
A room where administrative work is done.
25.02 sq.m
Accounting Office A room where financial records of the business are kept.
11.09 sq.m
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Employees Locker room An area designated for employees lockers.
6.97 sq.m
Employees Toilet A room equipped with lavatories, toilets and urinals intended for employees use.
13.46 sq.m
Ticket Booth The office where tickets of admission are sold.
11.00 sq.m
Common Toilets A room equipped with one or more lavatories, toilets and urinals.
49.56 sq.m
Supermarket
A large self-service retail market that sells food and household goods.
2338.83 sq.m
Definition of Spaces ( Building 4- Sports and Recreational Activities)
SUMMARY OF SPACES
DEFINITION AND USE
AREA IN SQ.M.
Common Toilets
A room equipped with one or more lavatories, toilets and urinals.
59.04 sq.m
Fitness Gym
A place of business with equipment and facilities for exercising and improving physical fitness
543.09 sq.m
Massage Room
A place intended for massage.
333.29 sq.m
Locker room An area designated for players lockers.
74.5 sq.m
Shower Room
A place in which a person bathes under a spray of, typically warm or hot, water
100 sq. m
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4.3.2.2. Accessibility Matrices
Building 1- Land Transport Terminal Accessible Semi- accessible Not accessible
Building 2- Super Club
Accessible Semi- accessible Not accessible
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Building 2- Restaurant
Accessible Semi- accessible Not accessible
Building 2- Super Club Accessible Semi- accessible Not accessible
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Building 3- Retail Stores and Cinema House
Accessible Semi- accessible Not accessible
4.3.3. Building Technology and Utilities
4.3.3.1. Type of Construction
According to P.D. 1096 or the National Building Code of the Philippines,
all buildings proposed for construction shall be classified according to the
following types. The Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment Hub in
Dasmarias is classified as type IV of P.D.1096 .
Type IV- Shall be steel, iron, concrete or masonry construction and walls,
ceiling and permanent partitions shall be of incombustible fire resistive
construction, except that permanent non bearing partitions of one hour fire
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resistive construction may use fire retardant treated wood within the framing
assembly.
4.3.3.2. Method of Construction
Architectural Solution
The orientation of the site is given much attention because it is the major
consideration of the building. The heat of the sun is scooped because it will
radiate and reach the surfaces of the buildings. Overhangs, canopies, egrates and
blind glass are the major architectural solutions to be applied to prevent direct
solar radiation.Horizontal Louvres are most effective when they have southern
orientation. It also permits air circulation near the wall and reduces conduction
heat gain. The Vertical louvers is effective when used in eastern and western
exposures. Sometimes, it is operable to adapt to the suns angle. Other than that,
trees are also good sun shade providers but may depend on their proximity
height and orientation.
In the Land Transport Terminal, Skylights are considered to be the most
effective way for daylighting and to minimize the use of electricity as part of the
project sustainability requirement. Passive cooling is also considered so that the
air in the terminal would flow freely that could also help in minimizing the
building energy usage.
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In the Urban Entertainment hub, glazed windows to store fronts are used
to be part of the architectural solution for the main daylighting of the
entertainment facilities.
As a structure that is expected to be a new point of convergence of
Region IV-A Calabarzon representing its culture and art, the design must be
iconic. Iconic in a way that modern facilities that would cater the needs and
interests of the people but the culture and the arts of the region is still given
much consideration.
Structural Solution
Since the Land Transport Terminal and Urban Entertainment hub is
considered a large structure, conventional construction is not advised. It
dominates the design of similar facilities requiring large expanse of column free
space. Selecting appropriate structural system capable of resisting arge bending
moments and deflection of long spans in as efficient manner as possible. The
structural solution fitted to achieved that modern iconic look is the use of Space
Frames. Space frames are three dimensional structural frames similar to pyramid
that is subjected to axial tension or compression.
4.3.3.3. Utilities
4.3.3.3.1. Electrical Requirements
Consider the number and distribution of power points for specialist
equipment, cleaning and local lighting, and the size and location of distribution
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trunking. Spaces must include: Electrical rooms, meter, generators, transformers
and service entrance.
2003 IMC Section 306.2 Appliances in rooms = Rooms containing
appliances requiring access shall be provided with a door and an unobstructed
passageway measuring not less than 36 inches wide and 80 inches high.
The work space shall be clear and extend from the grade, floor, or
platform to the height required by 110.26(E) 6 feet. Other equipment that is
associated with the electrical installation and is located above or below the
electrical equipment shall be permitted to extend not more than 6 inches
beyond the front of the electrical equipment.
4.3.3.3.2. Sanitary Requirements
According to the Civil Code of the Philippines, all buildings here after,
altered, remodeled, relocate or repaired for human habitation shall be provided
with adequate potable water supply, plumbing installation and suitable waste
water drainage, pest and vermin control, noise, abetment device, and such other
measure required for the protection and promotion of health of person
occupying the premises.
Sanitary Requirements are:
o STP
o Plumbing and drainage system
o Storm Sewer Line (catch basins and etc.)
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o Pumps
o Filtration
Consider requirements, including:
o Position and space for water tank(s) including main water supply,
overflow necessities and insulation as well as access and maintenance.
o Position and size of water pipes and distribution around the building.
o Position and size of soil-vent pipes in relation to sanitary installations and
floor gulleys.
4.3.3.3.3. Mechanical Requirements
Air Handling Unit, elevators and escalators are the most common
mechanical systems commonly used by commercial facilities. In able to achieved
the desired effectivity of the building, these mechanical requirements are
needed to be considered in the planning of the proposed project.
Maintenance requirements and location and size of air supply and extract
grilles, as well as provision and location of services: gas, electricity, water,
drainage and telephone and cable television are also needed to be considered.
4.3.3.3.4. Acoustics Requirements
Materials to be used in ceilings,walls and flooring of the cinema is given
much attention so that it can established a good quality of sound.
o Acoustical Deck- Noise Reduction control is .50 to .90.
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o Acoustical foam Noise Reduction Control is .25 for 6mm to .90.
Acoustical foam panels are used as a sound absorber to reduce reverberation
and echoes.
o Acoustical Plaster - Noise Reduction Control is .60
o Acoustical Tiles- These are used as ceiling material and made up of
minerals or Cellulose fibers or fiberglass. It is attached on a metal grid frame.
o Duct Lining- THL 50mm (2in) This material may attenuate mid frequency
sound by 15db/m (50db/ft) while duct with 25mm (1in) lining will yield 3db/m
(1db/ft)
o Fibrous Spray- Used for Fireproofing Reasons. A well applied coat of
25mm (1in) may have an noise reduction control of .60 of higher
o Baffles and Banners- acoustical baffles and banners have very high sound
absorption coefficients ranging from NRC .75 up to NRC 1.15. Acoustical Baffles
are designed to hang vertically down from the ceiling. Acoustical Banners are
designed to be hung horizontally to a ceiling. Both are very effective sound
absorbers that work well to reduce reverberation and increase speech
intelligibility.
o Acoustical Sealant -These are construction grade adhesives, caulks and
expandable foam products that are designed to aid with the installation of and
provide acoustical reinforcement to our other acoustical product lines
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o Pads, Hangers, mount and Cup Mount- Isolation products are designed to
reduce sound transmission by lowering resonant vibrational energy within
structures or equipment. Acoustical Solutions offers a variety for vibration
isolators for different application.
o Mat sound underlay is a rubber based floor underlayment made from
recycled rubber tires. This sound barrier is used under floated or glued down
laminate. Sound Barrier is excellent for use in lightweight wood frame
construction due to its weight & mass.mat sound underlay is available in stock
thickness of 3mm, 6mm and 12 mm with custom thicknesses from 1mm to
17mm.
o Floor- Flooring block
o Seats- Upholstered
o Sound Channels Wall Fabric
o Carpet
o Curtains and Fabrics
o Ceiling zone
4.3.3.3.5. Lighting Requirements
Access and supporting framework for performance lighting, house
lighting and also working lights and emergency lights. Proper lighting will have a
great effect in the aesthetic of the building. The determination of the size of
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space is needed to be able to compute the proper amount of the light needed in
one area.
Consider the following general issues: particular requirements are discussed
within the description of each space:
o Natural lighting: Glazing to be positioned to avoid glare, reflections and
unwanted solar gain and heat loss.
o Artificial lighting: General considerations include quality and quantity of
light, efficiency and initial and on-going costs as well as type (fluorescent, low
voltage, tungsten, tungsten/halogen, sodium), location (ceiling, wall or track-
mounted, up lighters), shielding of fittings (for protection, say, in workshops), if
dimmer switching and location of lighting control (centrally in public areas).
Lighting installation should consider:
o Task lighting: intensity of light on the working plane
o Amenity lighting: general lighting within a roomer circulation area
o Emergency: automatic alternative system if power fails
o External: floodlighting to emphasize and model architectural features,
and assist awareness of building; screened floodlighting of trees, works of
art, display; lighting of access routes, down lighting at entrance canopies;
lighting of emergency exit doors and routes.
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o Warning lights: at points of entry to the stage/platform, rehearsal spaces,
and recording studios and possibly to the auditorium, indicating that the
space is in use.
4.3.4. Legal Considerations
Legal Consideration is mainly based from the zoning ordinance of
Dasmarias City and P.D.1096 National Building Code of the Philippines
requirement showing its direct relation to the project. Fire code is also
considered but not focused.The purpose and application of these laws is to
safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare and to provide a framework
of minimum standards and requirements to regulate and control the location of
buildings, site, design, quality of material, construction, use and maintenance.
As stated in P.D.1096 scope and application, it covers architectural,
civil/structural, electrical, mechanical, sanitary, plumbing, electronics and
interior design. Shall apply to design, location, siting, construction, alteration,
repair, conversion, use, occupancy, maintenance, moving, demolition of and
addition to public and private building and structures except traditional
indigenous family dwellings and economic and socialized housing projects.
Existing buildings without building permits/certificates of occupancy may be
issued same provided they conform to these rules and regulations.
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4.3.4.1. National Codes/Laws
P.D. 1096 THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Section 701. Occupancy Classified
Section 703. Mixed Occupancy
SECTION 704. Location on Property
SECTION 705. Allowable Floor Areas
SECTION 706. Allowable Floor Area Increases
SECTION 707. Maximum Height of Buildings
SECTION 709. Requirements for Other Group Occupancies
SECTION 801. General Requirements of Light and Ventilation
SECTION 802. Measurement of Site Occupancy
SECTION 803. Percentage of Site Occupancy
SECTION 806. Sizes and Dimensions of Rooms
SECTION 807. Air Space Requirements in Determining the Size of Rooms
SECTION 808. Window Openings
SECTION 809. Vent Shafts
SECTION 810. Ventilation Skylights
SECTION 811. Artificial Ventilation
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P.D. 9514 THE NEW FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
DIVISION 5. MEANS OF EGRESS
SECTION 10.2.5.1 Application
SECTION 10.2.5.2 General Provisions
SECTION 10.2.5.3 Doors
SECTION 10.2.5.4 Stairs
SECTION 10.2.5.5 Outside Stairs
SECTION 10.2.5.6 Horizontal Exits
SECTION 10.2.5.7 Ramps
SECTION 10.2.5.8 Exit Passageways
SECTION 10.2.5.10 Fire Escape Stairs, Ladders And Slide Escapes
SECTION 10.2.5.11 Illumination Of Means Of Egress
SECTION 10.2.5.12 Exit Marking
SECTION 10.2.5.13 Emergency Evacuation Plan
DIVISION 6. FEATURES OF FIRE PROTECTION
SECTION 10.2.6.1 Construction And Compartmentation
SECTION 10.2.6.2 Protection Of Vertical Opening And Combustible
Concealed Spaces
SECTION 10.2.6.3 Interior Finish
SECTION 10.2.6.4 Fire Detection, Alarm, And Communication Systems
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SECTION 10.2.6.5 Automatic Sprinklers And Other Extinguishing
Equipment
SECTION 10.2.6.6 Standpipes
SECTION 10.2.6.7 Portable And Wheeled Fire Extinguishers
SECTION 10.2.6.8 Segregation And Protection Of Hazards
SECTION 10.2.6.9 Smoke Partitions
SECTION 10.2.6.10 Fire Doors
DIVISION 7. BUILDING SERVICE EQUIPMENT
SECTION 10.2.7.1 Utilities
SECTION 10.2.7.2 Heating, Ventilating And Airconditioning
DASMARIAS CITY ZONING ORDINANCE
SECTION 5. Division into Zones or Districts
SECTION 6. Zoning Map
SECTION 7. Zone/Area Boundaries
SECTION 8. Interpretation of the Zone Boundary.
SECTION 9. General Provision.
SECTION 11. Use Regulations in General Commercial Zone (GCZ).
SECTION 24. Area Regulations.
SECTION 25. Road Setback Regulations.
SECTION 26. Easement.
SECTION 27. Buffer regulations.
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SECTION 28. Specific Provisions in the National Building Code.
All ordinances and guidelines included to each section of the city
ordinance should overrule (if there any) the conflicting standards from the
previous legal codes and criteria.
4.3.5. Economics of Construction
Lot Area = 55630 sqm
Buildable Area (80%) = 44504 Sq.mts
Building Footprint = 33378 sq. mts.
4.3.5.1. Building Construction Cost
Building Construction Cost (BCC) (PHP 35,000)
Total Bldg Area x 35,000 = Construction Cost
33378 X Php 35,000 = Php 1,168,230,000
4.3.5.2. Land Development Cost
Land Development Cost (LDC) (Php 759.65/ Sq.m)
Lot Area Bldg Footprint = LDC
55630 33378 = 22252 sq. m
22252 sq.m x Php 1,573 = Php 35,002,396
Project Management Cost (PMC)
(LDC + CC) x 10% = (35002396 + 1168230000) x 10% = Php 120,323,239.6
Professional Cost Fee (PCF)
(LDC + CC) x 7% = (35002396 + 1168230000) x 7% = Php 842,262,677.2
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Contingency Cost (CC)
(LDC + CC) x 10% =(35002396 + 1168230000) x 10% = Php 120,323,239.6
Probable Cost of the Project
LDC + CC + PMC + PCF + ConstC
35002396 + 1168230000 + 120323239.6 + 842262677.2 + 1203232396=
Php 2,286,141,552
4.3.6. Environmental Condition and Environmental Impact
Ecologically speaking, different plant species are within the boundary of
the site. The grass, which is the most abundant in the site serves as the gound
cover of the site approximately 0.2-0.6 meters in height. Floras are not much but
trees are present. These existing vegetation will be used for the landscape
development within the area that will give the users of the proposal a nature-
oriented feeling and that will reduce the environmental impact of
thedevelopment to the site.
The proposal will help the city regain its distinction upon the construction
of the said development. It will also encourage the investors and entrepreneurs
to build their own business within the proposed project. The project will result to
the victory of Dasmarias City because it will serve as the new iconic facility of
the city.
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4.4. CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS
4.4.1. Architectural Theories and Principles Applied in the Design
The major architectural theories applied in the design covers the following:
4.4.1.1. Movement
Since the proposed projects expect a lot of people, Movement principle is
applied to achieve the flow or feeling of action. Land Transport Terminal and
Urban entertainment hub tends to be one of the busiests structure so the
movement must be incorporated well in the design. There must be no
hindrances that can cause traffic to the bulk of people coming in and out of the
said facility.
4.4.1.2. Character
The character of the Land Transport terminal and Urban Entertainment
hub will define and represent Dasmarias economy. The exterior represents the
internal function of the facility and the character is manifested by the external
expression of the internal qualities of the proposed facility.
Character in architecture is derived from three types (Salvan, 1999):
1. Function, or the use of building
2. Association, or the influence of traditional types
3. Personality, or the human quality or emotional appeal.
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For Terminal, it must have the enough space for the loading and
unloading of passengers. It must at least be open so that the gases emmited by
the transport vehicles would not affect the overall look of the terminal
For Urban Entertainment Hub, it must have clear vision of storefronts so
that the people will easily locate where they are going.
4.4.1.3. Emphasis
The project must serve as the new point of