Transport &

Mobility inclusive, green and sustainable

Anupam Saraph, Ph.D., Future Designer

(c) 2013 Anupam Saraph. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

mobility Distance a person

travels in a given period

of time

Demand for mobility and

speed of travel

increases with income

Amount of time devoted

to travel is

approximately constant

across countries and

incomes

Data: GCEP Advanced Transportation Assessment Report - Spring 2006

(c) 2013 Anupam Saraph. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

transport Globally 2.5 TW from carbon

based fuels used annually

Contribution of global emission

related energy use expected

to grow from 24% to 33%

95% energy for transportation

from comes from oil, 3% from

gas and only 0.4% from

renewables

In USA 2/3 energy is used for

people transportation, 1/3 for

goods transport

Data: GCEP Advanced Transportation Assessment Report - Spring 2006

(c) 2013 Anupam Saraph. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

inclusive Inclusive: Proportion of

nodes in a private corridor

that also connect public

corridors

A network is exclusive if

any of the nodes connected

by its corridors are

inaccessible through other

corridors

In India corridors are

developed for private

transport; public transport

exists only on a subset of

private corridors

Data: BASIC ROAD STATISTICS OF INDIA: 2004 05, 2005 06, 2006 07 & 2007 08

(c) 2013 Anupam Saraph. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

green Green transportation

has low road density

(km roads per square

km)

High road density is red,

low road density is white

1.28 km per square km

in India is about twice of

the USA, 4 times that of

China and 25 times

Australia and Canada

Data from World Bank

(c) 2013 Anupam Saraph. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

sustainable Transportation is sustainable

if vehicles can continue to

ply on roads

High vehicle density

(vehicles per km of road)

makes transportation

unsustainable

India has 4 vehicles per km

road or 1/9th of USA, 1/5th of

China, Canada and Australia

Congestion on Indian roads is

a result of exclusive private

networks and not road

capacityData from World Bank

(c) 2013 Anupam Saraph. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

drivers of mobility

Mobility emerges from

the network

configuration in a city

People are more mobile

when fewer nodes are

reachable within the

same distance

People are less mobile

when many nodes are

reachable within the

same distanceData: Noulas A, Scellato S, Lambiotte R, Pontil M, et al. (2012) A Tale of Many Cities: Universal Patterns in Human Urban Mobility. PLoS ONE 7(5): e37027. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037027

(c) 2013 Anupam Saraph. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

acceptable mobility

Passenger Km travel per

square Km that may not

generate more pollution

than acceptable norms

Less the people per square

Km, the more the

acceptable mobility for the

same mode of travel

Pollution free modes

increase acceptable mobility

Dynamic flows can reduce or

increase acceptable mobilityData: Saraph and Joshi (work in progress)

(c) 2013 Anupam Saraph. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

Noulas A, Scellato S, Lambiotte R, Pontil M, et al. (2012) A Tale of Many Cities: Universal Patterns in Human Urban Mobility. PLoS ONE 7(5): e37027. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0037027

(c) 2013 Anupam Saraph. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

regulating mobility

Contain city boundary

within maximum

distance for acceptable

mobility

Create redevelopment

plans (not development

plans) that ensure many

nodes are reachable

within the short

distances

Data: S. Mukherjee , Pramana – J. Phys., Vol. 79, No. 3, September 2012

(c) 2013 Anupam Saraph. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/

recommendations• Mobility audit or all cities every year based on

network configuration, population and modal splits• City’s to prepare redevelopment plans that ensure

many nodes are reachable within the short distances

• All road projects must be evaluated for the network configuration they alter

• Public networks must be redesigned to be truly substitutable to private networks

• City boundaries redesign based on acceptable mobility standards