Transit Performance

Measurement in Michigan

Sharon Edgar, Administrator

Office of Passenger Transportation

Michigan Department of Transportation

Mid-America Association of State Transportation Officials July 2011

Overview of Presentation

• Performance Management at MDOT

• Joint MDOT/Transit Industry Efforts

–System-wide Measures

–Economic Benefits

–Peer Analysis

MDOT System Performance Measures

• Transportation system condition - website report • Moves beyond earlier bridge and pavement condition goals to

include:– All modes and connections between modes– Condition of all infrastructure– Operating effectiveness (safety, mobility, accessibility)

• Support the four major goal areas of the 2005 State Long Range Transportation Plan – Stewardship– Safety and Security– System Improvement – Efficient and Effective Operations

• Makes use of existing data

http://www.michigan.gov/mdotperformance

Stewardship

1. Improve and sustain 95% of all freeway bridges in good or fair condition

2. Sustain 85% of all non-freeway bridges on the trunkline system in good or fair condition

3. Reduce crash severity on the state trunklines4. Reduce number trunkline bridges that are

structurally deficient5. Improve or sustain 90% of trunkline pavements in

fair or better condition Sufficiency International Roughness Index Remaining Service Life

6. Increase percentage of trunkline railroad crossings rated in fair/better condition

7. Maintain 100% of all tier 1 airport primary runway pavements in good condition

8. Minimize portion of the rural/ specialized transit fleet operating past useful life

9. Preserve level of passenger transportation services – Local bus transit– Passenger rail– Intercity bus

10. Maintain 90% of all trunkline carpool parking lot pavements in good/fair condition

System Improvement

1. Acceptable Level of Service Freeway route miles Arterial route miles

2. Reduce Delays: Minimize disruption to mobility resulting from incidents

3. Expand transportation system (airport) access4. Assure Tier 1 Airports meet facility goals5. Expand MichiVan (state vanpool) access6. Passenger terminals serving 2 or more modes

Safety and Security

1. Reduce crash severity All roadways – statewide State trunklines Local roadways

2. Ensure safety projects provide maximum return for funding dollars

3. Maintain close correlation between safety-funded trunkline projects and state Strategic Highway Safety plan

4. Enhance and increase protective measures and implement effective border continuity

Efficient and Effective Operations

1. Reduce Delays: Minimize disruption to mobility resulting from incidents

MDOT Transportation System Condition Report

Local Bus Transit Levels of Service Indicators

0

20,000,000

40,000,000

60,000,000

80,000,000

100,000,000

120,000,000

Passenger Trips Total 84,448,434 92,436,471 93,564,256 100,441,214 101,217,334 97,526,236

Elderly and Disabled Passenger Trips (as

subset of Total)

17,386,148 17,934,910 12,620,092 11,814,048 13,287,532 12,909,367

Hours of Service 5,918,955 5,959,768 6,216,063 6,421,073 6,397,976 6,174,203

Miles of Service 88,837,852 92,951,025 94,128,601 101,037,008 99,503,940 95,554,816

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Michigan Dashboard

MDOT Transportation System Condition Report

Local Bus Transit Levels of Service Indicators

0

20,000,000

40,000,000

60,000,000

80,000,000

100,000,000

120,000,000

Passenger Trips Total 84,448,434 92,436,471 93,564,256 100,441,214 101,217,334 97,526,236

Elderly and Disabled Passenger Trips (as

subset of Total)

17,386,148 17,934,910 12,620,092 11,814,048 13,287,532 12,909,367

Hours of Service 5,918,955 5,959,768 6,216,063 6,421,073 6,397,976 6,174,203

Miles of Service 88,837,852 92,951,025 94,128,601 101,037,008 99,503,940 95,554,816

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

One Year Change

Five Year Trend

Transit System AIMS and Measures

• MDOT website is for the system as a whole

• In 2010, MDOT with the transit industry went a step further

• Developed a complete set of measures for the transit system as a whole

• Over 20 measures

• In 2011, will develop and implement data collection methods

• Establish collection methods

• Refine measures http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/SystemsConditionMeasurementsFinalReport_321891_7.pdf

Examples of Draft Transit System-wide AIMS

• Preserve existing level of local transit, including specialized service

• Green the fleet (i.e., green vehicles)• Participate in green operational

initiatives• Promote green initiatives in facilities

construction and renovation• Ensure the State's financial

investment in public transportation is used in the most efficient way possible

• Maintain condition (age) of fleet• Ensure a well-maintained fleet to

reduce accidents from mechanical failure

• Utilize asset management• Maintain condition of facilities• Reduce the incidence of crime on

transit property• Minimize number of collisions• Well trained staff• Participate in emergency plans

• Implement ITS/Technology projects to improve efficiency, reliability, and customer satisfaction

• Increase use of mobility management• Examine and structure services to

provide maximum mobility relative to changing demographics and trip generator locations

• Assess customer satisfaction• Increase coordination of

transportation options• Modernize bus stops and shelters to

meet ADA requirements• Provide efficient and effective public

transportation services through a range of agency determined performance measures

• Maximize the benefit/cost of public transit

• Encourage/seek private investment

Examples of Draft Transit System-wide Aims

• Preserve existing level of local transit, including specialized service

• Green the fleet (i.e., green vehicles)• Participate in green operational

initiatives• Promote green initiatives in facilities

construction and renovation• Ensure the State's financial

investment in public transportation is used in the most efficient way possible

• Maintain condition (age) of fleet• Ensure a well-maintained fleet to

reduce accidents from mechanical failure

• Utilize asset management• Maintain condition of facilities• Reduce the incidence of crime on

transit property• Minimize number of collisions• Well trained staff• Participate in emergency plans

• Implement ITS/Technology projects to improve efficiency, reliability, and customer satisfaction

• Increase use of mobility management• Examine and structure services to

provide maximum mobility relative to changing demographics and trip generator locations

• Assess customer satisfaction• Increase coordination of

transportation options• Modernize bus stops and shelters to

meet ADA requirements• Provide efficient and effective public

transportation services through a range of agency determined performance measures

• Maximize the benefit/cost of public transit

• Encourage/seek private investment

July 21, 2011

Economic and

Community Benefits

of Local Bus Transit

Why a Michigan Specific Model?

• Michigan DOT needed a tool to:

– Demonstrate that public transit can be beneficial to society as a whole, not just riders

– Assess the benefits of public transit in the state

• Tool can also be used by regional government organizations and local transit agencies

• Wanted to focus on operating investment

• Part of a two-year study conducted by HDR, Inc.

While each dollar spent on public transit results in a dollar’s worth of service being

delivered to consumers of that service, there are additional benefits that extend

beyond the service being delivered.

How Public Transit Benefits Everyone

Investment in

public transit

Reduced non-transportation

social service costs

(unemployment, health, etc.)

Reduced household

expenditures on

transportation

Less congestion

on the roads

Reduced travel time,

accidents &

emissions

Jobs in public transit

& other industries

(e.g., suppliers)

Riders get to

their destinations

(work, doctor, etc.)

Portion of savings re-

directed to local

economy (housing,

healthcare, etc.)

Model Overview

Guiding Principles (5A’s)

• Account for all effects (positive and negative) of public transit

• Avoid double-counting (benefits should not be estimated more than once)

• Assess the net benefits (presence vs. absence of public transit)

• Attach monetary values to all benefits

• Acknowledge the uncertainty surrounding model assumptions (assessment conducted in a risk analysis framework)

Key Model Features

• Scalable

• User-friendly

• Relies on operating and financial data from Public Transportation Management System (PTMS)

• Other model inputs are available from the public domain

• Risk analysis capability (requires @RISK software)

Overview of Public Transit Benefits

Public

transportation

benefits

Transportation

cost savings

Low-cost mobility

benefits

Economic

development

benefits

Commercial

development

benefits

Residential

development

benefits

Cross-sector

benefits

Economic value of

public

transportation

Accident cost

savings

Travel time

savings

Environmental

emissions cost

savings

Riders’ out-of-

pocket cost

savings

Model Overview

IMPLAN

(Economic

Multipliers)

PTMS Other Data

Low-Cost Mobility

Benefits

Transportation

Cost Savings

Change in Trips/

VMT Due to the

Presence of

Transit

Economic Impacts

(Output, Jobs, Tax

Revenue, etc.)

Passenger

Survey

Public Transportation Management System

(PTMS)

• Online database maintained by MDOT

• Provides quantitative and qualitative data on financial and operational characteristics of transit agencies in Michigan – entered by transit agencies

• Transit benefit model uses PTMS data on:– Operating and maintenance expenses

– Population (of service area)

– Passengers

– Vehicle miles

– Fare revenue

– Accidents

Passenger Survey

• On-board passenger survey to determine trip purpose and rider behavior in the absence of transit

• Seven agencies surveyed

• 2,700 completed and valid surveys

TRANSIT PASSENGER SURVEY – MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Day: Time:TRANSIT PASSENGER SURVEY – MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONThe objective of the survey is to collect information on riders' trip purpose and mobility. Your answers will help us measure the benefits of public transportation in your region.This form can be completed every time you make a trip. Please follow the instructions below. There are three questions (left to right). You can select more than one answer unless directed otherwise. All responses are strictly confidential.For more information on the survey, please contact HDR Inc. at 1-800-938-4425. THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME!

1) What is the main purpose of your trip? If going home, indicate where you came from before you got on the bus.

CIRCLE ONE BEST ANSWER & FOLLOW ARROW

2.a) If public transportation was not available, you would:a. Not be able to workb. Look for another job (closer to home)c. Adjust your working hoursd. Work at homee. Use another means of transportationf. Other Specify: _______________________________________________________________________________

2.b) If public transportation was not available, you would:a. Not seek medical assistanceb. Select another physician / care providerc. Receive home cared. Use another means of transportatione. Other Specify: _______________________________________________________________________________

2.c) If public transportation was not available, you would:a. Not be able to attend school / collegeb. Miss more classes or school activitiesc. Choose another school (closer to home)d. Use another means of transportatione. Other Specify: _______________________________________________________________________________

2.d) If public transportation was not available, you would:a. Make fewer trips Specify: ___________________b. Go to a different shopping center/attractionc. Shop online or by catalogd. Use another means of transportatione. Other Specify: _______________________________________________________________________________

2.e) If public transportation was not available, you would:a. Make fewer trips Specify: ___________________b. Use another means of transportationc. Other Specify: _______________________________________________________________________________

ANSWER THIS QUESTION ONLY IF YOU

RESPONDED “USE ANOTHER MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION” IN 2.

3) If public transportation was not available, what other means of transportation would you use?a. Drive your personal vehicle

b. Ride with someone else

c. Taxi

d. Bicycle

e. Walk

f. Other Specify: ___________________________________________________________________________________

a. Work / Work-related

b. Medical/Dental

c. Education

d. Shopping, recreation, or tourism

e. Other Specify:

____________________________________________________

Route #:

Comments: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Results were used to:– Allocate ridership by trip purpose– Estimate trip diversion to other modes (personal vehicle, taxi, etc.)– Derive the percentage of trips foregone

Preliminary Results – 2010

SOCIAL BENEFITS & ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PUBLIC TRANSIT IN MICHIGAN, 2010(in thousands)

Transportation cost savings $611,917

Riders' out-of-pocket cost savings $326,740

Travel time savings $299,770

Accident cost savings -$14,593

Low-cost mobility benefits $123,658

Affordable mobility benefits $62,948

Cross-sector benefits $60,710

SOCIAL BENEFITS OF PUBLIC TRANSIT $735,575

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PUBLIC TRANSIT (OUTPUT) $1,366,939

Note: Social benefits and economic impacts should not be added as they result from two separate analyses

Total Expenses (less depreciation): $572. 9 million; Total Trips: 96,053,210

Social Benefits Per Trip: $7.65

Next Steps in Performance Management

Support Michigan Dashboard

Develop MDOT Dashboard

Maintain System Performance Website

Implement and Refine Transit System AIMS and Measures

Maintain Economics Benefit Model

RFP for Peer Analysis

Encourage Agency and Industry Level Efforts

Thank you

Appendix

Mid-America Association of State Transportation Officials – 2011

Economic Impact Analysis

IMPLAN

(Economic

Multipliers)

PTMS Other Data

Out-of-Pocket

Cost Savings

Change in Trips/

VMT Due to the

Presence of

Transit

Economic Impacts

Passenger

Survey

Passenger SurveyWhat is the main purpose of your trip?

Mid-America Association of State Transportation Officials – 2011

34%

26%

20%

8%

12%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Work/Work Related

Education

Shopping, recreation or

tourism

Medical/Dental

Other

“Dial-A-Ride has helped a lot. I recently lost my car and need transportation for me and my children.” A Michigan transit rider

Passenger SurveyIf public transportation was not available?

Mid-America Association of State Transportation Officials – 2011

54%

25%

12%5%

2% 1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Use another means of

transportation

Not be able to work

Look for another job

Adjust work hours

Work at home

Other

Aggregate results for all agencies – there can be considerable variation across agencies

Contact Information For Economic Benefit

Model

Bruno PENET

HDR Decision Economics

240-485-2609

bruno.penet@hdrinc.com

Mid-America Association of State Transportation Officials – 2011

Peer Grouping Analysis

• MDOT has issued an RFP • Using National Transit Database data to develop state-level profiles and

peer comparisons– Determine the following three peer groups for Michigan’s transit as a

whole:• State to state peers (e.g., Michigan’s entire local transit network

against other state’s entire local transit network)• Urban network peers to Michigan’s urban fixed route network • Rural network peers to Michigan’s rural demand response network

– Select factors to include in a profile of an entity within the peer group • Michigan Dashboard is comparison oriented

– Being in top ten; top third; best in “class”• Will use NTD and Florida’s Integrated National Transit Database

Assessment System http://www.ftis.org/intdas.html