Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

How African Slavery Happened

• Common among African kingdoms to enslave each other – prisoners of war. Not usually born into it and not usually horrible conditions.

• In 16th c. Europeans wanted to find a “more durable” resource of labor to replace Native Americans who were dying from smallpox and overwork on encomienda.

Practice Regents

17. Which statement best describes a result of the scarcity of native Indian labor in Latin America during the colonial period?

a)Unskilled laborers were imported from Asia.

b)Many people from Spain and Portugal immigrated to the region.

c)Native American Indians from the British colonies went south to work.

d)Large numbers of African slaves were imported.•

18. Which statement is supported by the graph?

a) Little trade in enslaved Africans took place before the 1500s.

b) Slavery was most widely practiced in Sweden and Denmark.

c) Conditions of slavery in Brazil were les harsh than those in US.

d) 4. Most enslaved Africans were sent to the Caribbean and Spanish America.

Triangle Trade• European ships brought

manufactured goods (guns) to Africa.

• Coastal African kings traded-slaves for guns. (Europeans could not access inner Africa due to malaria)

• Slaves brought to Americas across Atlantic (middle passage)

• Slaves traded for Caribbean raw materials: molasses, timber, and later, tobacco and cotton.

• raw materials shipped to Europe and processed into manufactured goods.

Practice Regents

19. Based on the information shown on this map, most manufactured goods were produced in

a)the West Indies

b)Europe

c)English colonies

d)Africa•

Middle Passage

• Journey Lasted anywhere from 5 weeks to 3 months

• Hardest part of the triangle trade

• Human cargo was tightly packed and carried disease and death

• 10-30% died each trip

This shows how tightly packed the ships were, the conditions were so bad they

attempted suicide.

Many slaves became seasick or developed diarrhea. They couldn't move because they were chained into their positions, the deck became a stinking mass of human waste.

Slaves had developed sores where their chains had rubbed their skin, their festering wounds often had maggots eating away their flesh.

Practice Regents

20. The Middle Passage is best defined as

a)a route through the Swiss Alps

b)a narrow body of water connecting two larger bodies of water

c)the forced journey of enslaved Africans to the Americas

d)the expulsion of Muslims from Spain

Practice Regents

21. What was a direct result of the trans-Atlantic slave trade on African cultures?a)Many African communities faced economic disaster.

b)European industrial factories were established throughout Africa.

c)Animism was no longer practiced in Africa.

d)Africans across the continent hired Europeans to train their military.

Practice Regents

22. Which statement accurately reflects population changes that occurred as a result of the Age of Exploration?

a)Most Latin American populations became more culturally diverse.

b)One third of Europe’s population died due to exposure to diseases from the Americas.

c)The introduction of goods from the Americas caused a decline in Asian populations.

d)Native Americans migrated to Africa causing increases in African populations.

Columbian Exchange

Practice Regents

23. The Columbian exchange is most closely associated with the beginnings of

a)mercantilism

b)humanism

c)mass production

d)scientific socialism

Practice Regents

24. What was one effect of the Columbian exchange on European society?

a)Migration to the Americas declined.

b)Horses were acquired for the first time.

c)The population increased with the introduction of new foods.

d)The Christian Church was divided into Roman Catholic and Orthodox.

Impact of Columbian Exchange

On Native Americans

•Diseases wipe out much of population

•Horses make the plain Indians more mobile

On Europe•Tomatoes becomes staple of Italian dishes•Chocolate produced for wealthy•Potato becomes staple crop in Europe (Ireland)

Impact of Columbian Exchange

On Asia & Africa

•Cassava, sweet potato imported to Africa & Asia causes a major increase in population

•Chili powder becomes staple of Indian cuisine

Practice Regents Questions

25. Which of these events during the Age of Exploration was a cause of the other three?

a)Europeans brought food, animals, and ideas from one continent to another.

b)European diseases had an adverse effect on the native populations of new territories.

c)Warfare increased as European nations competed for land and power.

d)Advances in learning and technology made long ocean voyages possible.