Training in Handling Hazardous Materials SDSU Microfabrication Facility

Training in Handling Training in Handling Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials

SDSU Microfabrication SDSU Microfabrication Facility Facility

Chemical InventoryChemical Inventory

Each Laboratory must maintain a Each Laboratory must maintain a complete, accurate and up to date complete, accurate and up to date chemical inventory. chemical inventory.

The inventory should include:The inventory should include:– AllAll Chemicals Chemicals

HazardousHazardous Non-hazardousNon-hazardous

– Compressed GassesCompressed Gasses

Chemical InventoryChemical Inventory

When you are doing the inventory, it is a When you are doing the inventory, it is a good time to discard any chemicals that good time to discard any chemicals that are: are: – ExpiredExpired– No longer being usedNo longer being used– Container has been compromised, i.e. Cracked Container has been compromised, i.e. Cracked

lidlid– Label is illegibleLabel is illegible

Submit your updated inventory to EH&S on Submit your updated inventory to EH&S on the yearly basis.the yearly basis.

Material Safety Data Sheets - Material Safety Data Sheets - MSDSMSDS

A Material Safety Data Sheet or MSDS is A Material Safety Data Sheet or MSDS is information provided by the manufacturer information provided by the manufacturer and maintain by the employer to inform and maintain by the employer to inform employees of the possible hazards employees of the possible hazards associated with chemicals being used in associated with chemicals being used in their work area. It is part of a hazard their work area. It is part of a hazard communication program.communication program.


As stated in 29 CFR 1910.1200(g)(8), “the As stated in 29 CFR 1910.1200(g)(8), “the employer (Lab) shall maintain in the employer (Lab) shall maintain in the workplace copies of the required MSDS…workplace copies of the required MSDS…and shall ensure that they are readily and shall ensure that they are readily accessible during each work shift to accessible during each work shift to employees when they are in their work employees when they are in their work area.” This can be done by:area.” This can be done by:– Shared database in which all laboratory workers Shared database in which all laboratory workers

have access.have access.– Stored hardcopies that are sent from the Stored hardcopies that are sent from the

manufacturer.manufacturer.


Each Laboratory must maintain a Each Laboratory must maintain a currentcurrent MSDS for each chemical or compound MSDS for each chemical or compound being stored or used in the laboratory.being stored or used in the laboratory.

MSDS location must be clearly marked.MSDS location must be clearly marked. Each laboratory worker need know how to Each laboratory worker need know how to

use and understand MSDS’s.use and understand MSDS’s.

MSDS ContentMSDS Content

Chemical IdChemical Id SynonymsSynonyms

Hazardous IngredientsHazardous Ingredients PEL, TLVPEL, TLV

Physical DataPhysical Data Appearance and odorAppearance and odor

Fire & Explosion DataFire & Explosion Data Flash-pointFlash-point

Health HazardsHealth HazardsToxic, Carcinogen, etc.Toxic, Carcinogen, etc.

Physical HazardsPhysical HazardsCorrosive, Oxidizer, etcCorrosive, Oxidizer, etc..

Reactivity dataReactivity dataIncompatiblesIncompatibles

Spill ProceduresSpill ProceduresFollow MSDS directions.Follow MSDS directions.

Special ProtectionSpecial ProtectionWear appropriate PPEWear appropriate PPE

Signs and Signs and Symptoms of Symptoms of ExposureExposureHeadache, Nausea, etc.Headache, Nausea, etc.

MSDS MSDS EmergencyEmergency

In an emergency and you cannot retrieve an In an emergency and you cannot retrieve an MSDS, one can be obtained by calling the MSDS, one can be obtained by calling the 3E Company3E Company’s 24 Hour phone #:’s 24 Hour phone #:

800-451-8346800-451-8346

OrOr

760-602-8703760-602-8703

Chemical StorageChemical Storage

Separate incompatible chemicals.Separate incompatible chemicals.– Separate organics from inorganicSeparate organics from inorganic– Separate oxidizers from organicsSeparate oxidizers from organics– Separate flammable liquids, acids and Separate flammable liquids, acids and

basesbases Provide earthquake restraints for all Provide earthquake restraints for all

shelving when storing chemicals or shelving when storing chemicals or glassware.glassware.

Chemical StorageChemical Storage

Storage container MUST be Storage container MUST be compatible with material. compatible with material. – Example: Metal containers cannot be Example: Metal containers cannot be

used for acids and bases.used for acids and bases. Food containers Food containers MUST NEVER BE MUST NEVER BE

USED!USED!

Flammable Liquids StorageFlammable Liquids Storage

If a lab has quantities greater If a lab has quantities greater than 10 gallons, they must be than 10 gallons, they must be stored in an approved flammable stored in an approved flammable liquids storage cabinet.liquids storage cabinet.

Containers that can be shattered Containers that can be shattered or punctured easily must be in or punctured easily must be in secondary containment.secondary containment.

Do not store with acids or bases.Do not store with acids or bases.

AcidsAcids

Store in secondary containmentStore in secondary containment Cannot be stored at or above eye level.Cannot be stored at or above eye level. Label cabinets “Acid” with 3” lettersLabel cabinets “Acid” with 3” letters Store by acid class in separate Store by acid class in separate

secondary containmentsecondary containment– OrganicOrganic– InorganicInorganic– OxidizingOxidizing

Common Organic AcidsCommon Organic Acids

Glacial Acetic AcidGlacial Acetic Acid Trichloroacetic Trichloroacetic Trifluoroacetic AcidTrifluoroacetic Acid Formic AcidFormic Acid Citric AcidCitric Acid Benzoic AcidBenzoic Acid Butyric AcidButyric Acid Propionic AcidPropionic Acid

Common Inorganic AcidsCommon Inorganic Acids

Hydrochloric AcidHydrochloric Acid Hydrofluoric AcidHydrofluoric Acid Hydrobromic AcidHydrobromic Acid Phosphoric AcidPhosphoric Acid Chromic AcidChromic Acid

Common Oxidizing AcidsCommon Oxidizing Acids

Nitric AcidNitric Acid Perchloric AcidPerchloric Acid Sulfuric Acid Sulfuric Acid

BasesBases

Store in secondary containmentStore in secondary containment Store away from acids and solventsStore away from acids and solvents Cannot be stored at or above eye level.Cannot be stored at or above eye level. Label cabinets “Base” with 3” lettersLabel cabinets “Base” with 3” letters Examples:Examples:

– HydroxidesHydroxides– AminesAmines– Ammonia Ammonia – BleachBleach

Compressed GassesCompressed Gasses

Must be upright and restrainedMust be upright and restrained– At least two chainsAt least two chains

Separate incompatible gassesSeparate incompatible gasses– Flammable & Oxidizing by 20 feetFlammable & Oxidizing by 20 feet

Keep caps on unless in useKeep caps on unless in use

Chemical LabelingChemical Labeling

All containers in the laboratory must All containers in the laboratory must be properly labeled with the name of be properly labeled with the name of the material being stored in the the material being stored in the container. This includes non-container. This includes non-hazardous materials such as:hazardous materials such as:

Full name with “no” abbreviations.Full name with “no” abbreviations.– WaterWater– Weak buffersWeak buffers– MethanolMethanol

Containers of hazardous materials Containers of hazardous materials must not only include the name of must not only include the name of the material but also the physical the material but also the physical and health hazards associated with and health hazards associated with the use of the material.the use of the material.

Chemical LabelingChemical Labeling

Physical HazardsPhysical Hazards

ExplosiveExplosive FlammableFlammable Compressed gasCompressed gas CarcinogenCarcinogen

ToxicToxic OxidizerOxidizer CorrosiveCorrosive ReactiveReactive

CarcinogenCarcinogen HepatotoxinHepatotoxin NeurotoxinNeurotoxin NephrotoxinNephrotoxin Reproductive toxinReproductive toxin

CorrosiveCorrosive SensitizerSensitizer IrritantIrritant Highly ToxicHighly Toxic ToxicToxic

Health HazardsHealth Hazards

HMIS HMIS

““Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials Identification System”Identification System”

The HMIS rating is a color-coded, alphanumeric system which gives information about the health, flammability and reactivity of the chemical in question. The system rates a material from a minimal hazard through a serious hazard. It also recommends the appropriate personal protective equipment to be worn when handling the particular chemical.

Example of HMIS Example of HMIS

San Diego State University5500 Campanile DriveSan Diego, CA 92182

HM Labeling System - HM Labeling System - SampleSample

301

x

x

x

x

x

Ethanol

HMIS HMIS HealthHealth 0 - Minimal Hazard0 - Minimal Hazard Not significant risk to health. Not significant risk to health.

1 - Slight Hazard1 - Slight Hazard Irritation or minor reversible injury possible. Irritation or minor reversible injury possible.

2 - Moderate Hazard2 - Moderate Hazard Temporary or minor injury may occur. Temporary or minor injury may occur.

3 - Serious Hazard3 - Serious Hazard Major injury likely unless prompt action is taken and medical treatment is given. Major injury likely unless prompt action is taken and medical treatment is given.

4 - Severe Hazard4 - Severe Hazard Life-threatening, major or permanent damage may result from single or repeated Life-threatening, major or permanent damage may result from single or repeated

over exposures. over exposures.

HMIS HMIS FlammabilityFlammability 0 - Minimal Hazard0 - Minimal Hazard Materials that will not burn. Usually includes any material that will not burn in air Materials that will not burn. Usually includes any material that will not burn in air

when exposed to a temperature of 1500°F. for a period of 5 minutes when exposed to a temperature of 1500°F. for a period of 5 minutes

1 - Slight Hazard1 - Slight Hazard Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur.

2 - Moderate Hazard2 - Moderate Hazard Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient

temperaturestemperaturesbefore ignition can occur. before ignition can occur.

3 - Serious Hazard3 - Serious Hazard Materials capable of ignition under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials capable of ignition under almost all ambient temperature conditions.

4 - Severe Hazard4 - Severe Hazard Materials that will rapidly or completely vaporize at atmospheric pressure and normal Materials that will rapidly or completely vaporize at atmospheric pressure and normal

ambient temperatures with a flashpoint below 73°F. Materials may ignite ambient temperatures with a flashpoint below 73°F. Materials may ignite spontaneously with air.spontaneously with air.

HMIS HMIS ReactivityReactivity 0 - Minimal Hazard0 - Minimal Hazard Materials that are normally stable even under fire conditions. Materials that are normally stable even under fire conditions.

1 - Slight Hazard1 - Slight Hazard Materials that are normally stable but that can become unstable at Materials that are normally stable but that can become unstable at

elevated temperatures and pressures. elevated temperatures and pressures.

2 - Moderate Hazard2 - Moderate Hazard Materials that readily undergo violent chemical change at elevated Materials that readily undergo violent chemical change at elevated

temperatures and pressures. These materials may also react violently with temperatures and pressures. These materials may also react violently with water.water.

3 - Serious Hazard3 - Serious Hazard Materials that are capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but Materials that are capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but

require a strong initiating source or materials the react explosively with require a strong initiating source or materials the react explosively with water.water.

4 - Severe Hazard4 - Severe Hazard Materials that are readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition Materials that are readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition

or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and pressures. or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and pressures.

HMIS HMIS Protective EquipmentProtective Equipment

This labeling is not acceptableThis labeling is not acceptable

ExposureExposure

Routes of ExposureRoutes of Exposure

InhalationInhalation AbsorptionAbsorption IngestionIngestion InjectionInjection

Exposure ControlExposure Control

Prevent exposures to hazardous Prevent exposures to hazardous materials.materials.– InhalationInhalation – Keep containers closed, use – Keep containers closed, use

the fume hood, reduce volumesthe fume hood, reduce volumes– AbsorptionAbsorption – Wear gloves, lab coat, safety – Wear gloves, lab coat, safety

glasses, clean up spills promptly.glasses, clean up spills promptly.– IngestionIngestion – Don’t eat, drink, smoke of apply – Don’t eat, drink, smoke of apply

cosmetics in the laboratory. Don’t store cosmetics in the laboratory. Don’t store hazardous material in food containers. hazardous material in food containers.

– InjectionInjection – Use care when handling sharps. – Use care when handling sharps. Properly dispose of sharps.Properly dispose of sharps.

Exposure ControlExposure Control

Engineering controls: Engineering controls:

- hoods, cabinets, safety cans, - hoods, cabinets, safety cans, traystrays

Work practices: Work practices:

- operating procedures- operating procedures

Personal protective Personal protective equipment:equipment:

- safety glasses, lab coats, - safety glasses, lab coats, gloves, no open-toed shoesgloves, no open-toed shoes

Types of EmergenciesTypes of Emergencies

Medical emergencyMedical emergency FireFire Chemical spillChemical spill Biohazardous material Biohazardous material

spillspill Bomb threatBomb threat EarthquakeEarthquake Power outagePower outage

Emergency ResponseEmergency Response

If an emergency occurs, notify:If an emergency occurs, notify:– Notify your safety officer or EH&S (X46778) Notify your safety officer or EH&S (X46778)

and the supervisor of the area.and the supervisor of the area. If after business hours, notify Public Safety If after business hours, notify Public Safety

(X41991).(X41991).

Fire Happens!Fire Happens!

Managing Hazardous Managing Hazardous Chemical WasteChemical Waste

What is Hazardous WasteWhat is Hazardous Waste

EPA Definition:EPA Definition:

A material is a A material is a hazardous wastehazardous waste if due if due to its quantity, concentration, to its quantity, concentration, physical, chemical or infectious physical, chemical or infectious characteristics it possesses a characteristics it possesses a substantial present, or potential substantial present, or potential hazard to human health and the hazard to human health and the environment and environment and has no known has no known use.use.

What chemical waste must be What chemical waste must be managed?managed?

Wastes that meet any of the Wastes that meet any of the following characteristics.following characteristics.

Ignitable – Flashpoint of Ignitable – Flashpoint of ≤≤ 140140°F°F

Corrosive – pH Corrosive – pH ≤2 or ≥ 12.5≤2 or ≥ 12.5

Toxic – LD-50 < 5000 mg/kgToxic – LD-50 < 5000 mg/kg

Reactive – Reacts with Reactive – Reacts with anythinganything

Hazardous waste must not be Hazardous waste must not be disposed of on site.disposed of on site.

This includes Storm or Sewer Drains

…The Trash Can

Hazardous waste must not be Hazardous waste must not be disposed of on site.disposed of on site.

Especially…Especially…

Through Waste Treatment!!

Satellite AccumulationSatellite Accumulation

These are areas that generate small These are areas that generate small quantities of Hazardous Waste. This quantities of Hazardous Waste. This

means laboratories.means laboratories.

DefinitionDefinition: An Area that within : An Area that within 9 months9 months accumulates-accumulates-

No more than 55 gallonsNo more than 55 gallons of any hazardous waste of any hazardous waste stream.stream.

No more than 1 quartNo more than 1 quart of any acutely or extremely of any acutely or extremely hazardous waste stream.hazardous waste stream.

Hazardous Waste StorageHazardous Waste Storage

Waste must

Waste containers must be keptclosed/capped unless waste is being added or removed!

A funnel is not a cap

Good Secondary Containment

This open waste containers needs a capPoor waste labeling here as well


Containers with Containers with closable/sealable closable/sealable lids or covers.lids or covers.

Containers must Containers must be in good be in good condition: no condition: no holes, creases, holes, creases, cracks, rust.cracks, rust.

They must be They must be compatible to the compatible to the waste stored in it.waste stored in it.

Container open with no label


No Food or Beverage Containers.No Food or Beverage Containers.

Waste LabelingWaste Labeling

Label must have the Label must have the words:words:

- ““Hazardous Waste”Hazardous Waste”- The name and address The name and address

of the generator (SDSU)of the generator (SDSU)- The waste composition The waste composition

and physical stateand physical state- Percent volume Percent volume - Type of Hazard, ie. Type of Hazard, ie.

Flammable, Corrosive, Flammable, Corrosive, ToxicToxic

- The accumulation start The accumulation start date (Month, Day, Year)date (Month, Day, Year)

Incomplete waste label-Component label smeared-No percent volume-No hazards checked

Waste LabelingWaste Labeling

In other words, fill out the entire In other words, fill out the entire hazardous waste label!!hazardous waste label!!

““Empty” ContainersEmpty” Containers

> 5 gallons in size which previously > 5 gallons in size which previously held hazardous materials must be held hazardous materials must be managedmanaged

< 5 gallons don’t need to be managed< 5 gallons don’t need to be managed

Empty containers that previously held Empty containers that previously held Highly toxic materials must be Highly toxic materials must be handled as hazardous waste, ie. handled as hazardous waste, ie. “Sodium azide”.“Sodium azide”.

““California Empty”California Empty”

Collect:Collect:– Collect in a safe locationCollect in a safe location

Invert to dry:Invert to dry:– Invert bottle over paper towels and shake to Invert bottle over paper towels and shake to

dry. (Do not air dry in fume hoods or by dry. (Do not air dry in fume hoods or by leaving the lid off)leaving the lid off)

Deface:Deface:– Thoroughly deface the chemical label.Thoroughly deface the chemical label.

Dispose:Dispose:– To dispose of the bottle call EH&S.To dispose of the bottle call EH&S.

Key methods for waste minimizationKey methods for waste minimization

ReduceReduce– Purchase only what you needPurchase only what you need– Set up experiments so that less solvent Set up experiments so that less solvent

or chemicals are neededor chemicals are needed ReuseReuse

– Reuse empty containers to collect Reuse empty containers to collect wastewaste

– Reuse a solvents if purity is not an Reuse a solvents if purity is not an issueissue

RecycleRecycle– Some waste oils can be recycledSome waste oils can be recycled– Some metal cables and tubing can be Some metal cables and tubing can be

recycledrecycled

Waste MinimizationWaste Minimization

Waste Container removalWaste Container removal

Call EH&S Department at x46778 or Call EH&S Department at x46778 or x46098.x46098.

NeverNever allow more than the maximum allow more than the maximum amounts to be accumulated. amounts to be accumulated.

Satellite containers will be removed within Satellite containers will be removed within seven working days.seven working days.

Chemical SpillsChemical Spills

Have a Spill Kit ReadyHave a Spill Kit Ready

Set-up kit for your Set-up kit for your specific needsspecific needs

Take inventory of Take inventory of the kit frequentlythe kit frequently

Quickly replace Quickly replace used of missing used of missing itemsitems

Spill ResponseSpill Response

For Small Spills:For Small Spills: Spills one gallon or less, clean the spill Spills one gallon or less, clean the spill

using the material in your spill kit.using the material in your spill kit. Don your proper protective equipment Don your proper protective equipment

(PPE).(PPE). Place contaminated material into your spill Place contaminated material into your spill

bag, seal, and attach a hazardous waste bag, seal, and attach a hazardous waste label.label.

Request a waste pick up of the material Request a waste pick up of the material from EH&S.from EH&S.

Rats

Spill ResponseSpill Response

For Larger Spills:For Larger Spills: Contain the spill if possible, notify others in the Contain the spill if possible, notify others in the

area, and evacuate the area. area, and evacuate the area. Notify your safety officer or EH&S and the Notify your safety officer or EH&S and the

supervisor of the area.supervisor of the area. If after business hours, notify Public Safety If after business hours, notify Public Safety

(X41991/911 for campus phones).(X41991/911 for campus phones). Do not call Off-campus emergency services. This Do not call Off-campus emergency services. This

can lead to longer response time!!can lead to longer response time!!

Safety PrecautionsSafety Precautions

Keep all hazardous materials or other Keep all hazardous materials or other objects at least 3 feet from electrical panelobjects at least 3 feet from electrical panel

Have eye wash station nearby for Have eye wash station nearby for emergency useemergency use

Frequently Asked QuestionsFrequently Asked Questions

Q: How do I know if my waste product is Q: How do I know if my waste product is actually hazardous?actually hazardous?

A: Other than going though a long and A: Other than going though a long and costly waste determination process, give costly waste determination process, give the material to EH&S and let them make the material to EH&S and let them make that determination.that determination.


Q: How do I know if a chemical is acute Q: How do I know if a chemical is acute hazardous waste?hazardous waste?

A: Acute hazardous waste is given what is A: Acute hazardous waste is given what is called a P-code by the EPA and can be called a P-code by the EPA and can be found at the following link:found at the following link:– http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazwaste.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/osw/hazwaste.htm and and

click on The P-list and the U-list.click on The P-list and the U-list.– Or go to 40 CFR 261.33(e)Or go to 40 CFR 261.33(e)


Q: Do I need the exact percentage on the Q: Do I need the exact percentage on the hazardous waste label?hazardous waste label?

A: No, they can be done in percent ranges A: No, they can be done in percent ranges like 10-30%. If there are too many like 10-30%. If there are too many components and there is not enough room components and there is not enough room to list them, then list the three major to list them, then list the three major components or any acute hazardous components or any acute hazardous waste, no matter the amount.waste, no matter the amount.

The EndThe End

Training in Handling Hazardous Materials SDSU Microfabrication Facility

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