Tractor innovations and sustainability - Club of · PDF file · 2010-02-10Renius...

Renius 2009CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

Tractor innovations and sustainability

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009 Renius 2009

Sustainability• Resources• Environment• Human factors


Sustainability: Resources

Saving material• Load-stress analysis• Representative load spectra• Random load fatigue analysis• Accelerated design verification

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009Renius 1976

ASAE Lecture 29/2005

Transmission input load spectrum

Vahlensieck1999


• Higher power density for 4-cylinder engines• SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction• Electro-hydraulic valve timing • Variable displacement engine oil pumps• Turbo-compound systems• Electric powered engine aggregates• High voltage energy supply for implements • Electric power steering (small tractors)• Oil level management for transmissions• Synthetic oils for engine & transmissions• Electronic control of load sensing hydraulics• Real time control of tire inflation pressures• Real time control of traction efficiency• Real time process „implement controls tractor“

Innovations for energy savings



Saving energy - components• Engine• Transmission• Hydraulics• Ground drive• Tractor-implement


Diesel engine fuel economy

best point within efficiency map:

Actually ≥ 200 g/kWh (η = 42%)Vision: 190 g/kWh (η = 44%)

ReniusTUM 2009

VTG Turbo charger

Courtesy John Deere

Adjustablevanes

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

ReniusTUM 2009

Deutz AGYearbook VDI-MEG 2004

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

Benefits of an intelligent engine turbo charger control

Diesel engine DEUTZ BF 6 M 1013 FC, 200 kW @ 2300 rpm, NOx level about 6 g/kWh

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009 Renius

Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx can favor fuel economy by accepting higher NOx generation in the burning process.

ReniusTUM 2009

Energy saving by el. aggregates, J. Deere 7030 (2008)

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009Renius/Knechtges

Yearbook VDI-MEG 2008

® R

eniu

s

Sustainability by CVT efficiency targets (≥ 100 kW)

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009Renius Seoul 1993

CIGR Handbook III 1999

ReniusTUM 2009

TarasinskiJ. Deere 2004CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

Full load efficiencies of electric generators/motors

ReniusTUM 2009

Renius 1999CIGR Handbook IIICLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

Tractor hydraulics: load-sensing circuit

Symbols ISO 1219

ReniusTUM 2009

Electric energy for implements, J. Deere 7030 (2008)

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009Renius 2008John Deere

® R

eniu

s

ReniusTUM 2009

Ground drive: Efficiency improvements


FENDT concept study TRISIX 2007

Fendt-TUMCLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

ReniusTUM 2009

Tractor-implement: The H. Auernhammer Vision


Data-BUS I for tractor guiding and internal communication

Axles Transmiss. Interface 3 point lift

Engine Displays Hydraulics Brakes

TractorECU

Data-BUS II for process automation and tractor-implement communication

Impactor Virtual terminal Rot. harrowSawing machineTask controller

GPS

Freimann/Renius TUM 2002CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

ISO 11 783



Alternative fuels and working fluids• Bio-fuels• Hydrogen (fuel cells)• Working liquids• Condition monitoring


Bio fuels and hydrogen• Bio-diesel in crisis (tax, oil prices)• Waiting for BtL (still too expensive)• Fuel cells for tractors 2022?• On-board H2 generation?

Courtesy CNH-Fiat 2009

The CNH fuel cell tractor study NH2 - 2009

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009


Alternative working fluids:

Sustainable working fluids are available but not verry popular.

Vegetable oils lubricate well, but are weak in chemical stability.

Vision: Sysnthetic fluids based on sustainable resources.


Condition monitoring

• Working fluid change on demand• Information carrier „system health“• Information carrier for future design


Sustainability: Environment

Subjects

• Exhaust gas emissions • Other emissions• Physical soil protection


Exhaust gas emissions

ReniusTUM 2009

Tractors & mobile machinery

Limits for Europeacc. 97/68/EG.

Additional CO limitsabout const. 5 g/kWh.

Cycle C1, ISO 8178-4

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009Renius & VDMA

2009

ReniusTUM 2009

Renius/Dreher2009

Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) - external - cooled

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

ReniusTUM 2009

Courtesy Steyr

Sustainability needs new tractor design – example cooler

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

ReniusTUM 2009

Geimer/Renius2007

Selective Catalythic Reduction – SCR

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009


Other emissions

ReniusTUM 2009

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

Courtesy FENDT

Spill containerprevents soilpollution


Physical soil protection

ReniusTUM 2009

Renius 1999CIGR Handbook IIICLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

The conflict of sustainable tire inflation pressures

ReniusTUM 2009

Parameters as affacting soil compaction

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009Renius 1999

CIGR Handbook III

ReniusTUM 2009

VDI Guideline 6101VDI-MEG 2007CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

Sustainable traffic ability of soils, VDI Guideline 6101 (2007)

Control of soil pressures by tire inflation pressure

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009Schwanghart 1994

CIGR Handbook III 1999

Galileo Galilei statet in his „Discorsi“ (1638): if all dimensions of a system are enlarged bythe same factor, all supporting elements seem to be overloaded.

This is the problem of large ag machinerey:- A scale factor λ influences the weight by λ3

but the tire contact only by λ2

- If a tractor is enlarged by λ, tire dimensionsmust be enlarged by λ1,5 to keep the tire-soilcontact pressure constant.

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009Galileo Galilei 1638

Söhne, Bekker, Renius et. al.

ReniusTUM 2009

Courtesy Deutz-FahrCLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

Sustainable soil contact pressure and ruth depth

ReniusTUM 2009

VDI Guideline 6101 VDI-MEG 2007CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

On-land ploughing can reduce subsoil compaction

conventional on-land


SustainabilityHuman factors

ReniusTUM 2009

Renius 2009BLB 2008CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

Fatal tractor overturns in GER – a sustainable reduction

ReniusTUM 2009

Knechtges2009

Sustainable noise reducion within tractor cabs

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

kW dB(A)

ReniusTUM 2009

Bystander noise level of commercial tractors 1998

ReniusTUM 2004

SchauerVDMA 1998CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

Munich Research Tractor,developed at TUM 1983 -1988

Renius/KirsteTUM 1988

ReniusTUM 2009Courtesy CNH 2009CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

Tractor cab: arm rest control and instructor seat

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009Renius

TUM 2009

Sustainability increases first costs

Grade of sustainability

Trac

tor c

osts

per

kW

Renius TUM2009

ReniusTUM 2009

Summary and conclusions• Sustainability generates higher tractor first costs• Regulations can push those sustainable technologies

which are not driven by the market• High level sustainability is reality in the high tech

markets with however further refinements• Low level sustainability is reality in the lower developed

countries with more or less large deficits • Countries with a lower tech level should adopt proved

technologies. I see high priorities for ROPS, reduced engine emissions, noise reductions, energysavings and „material saving durability“.

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

ReniusTUM 2009

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

Geimer/ReniusVDI-MEG Yearbook Ag Eng 2010

First commercial double clutch power split CVT, CNH 2009

CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

ReniusTUM 2009

Engine speed

Pum

p Fl

owEnergy saving

for power steering

Renius 1980 and 2009CLUBOFBOLOGNA 2009

Tractor innovations and sustainability - Club of · PDF file · 2010-02-10Renius...

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