TR, Taft, & WilsonTR, Taft, & Wilson

TR’s Early LifeTR’s Early Life Born into a well-to-do family of Born into a well-to-do family of

Dutch heritage in New York.Dutch heritage in New York.

Was sickly as a youth, but Was sickly as a youth, but through sports built himself up.through sports built himself up.

Went to Harvard and then Went to Harvard and then Columbia Law School.Columbia Law School.

Unlike many people of the upper Unlike many people of the upper class at the time (who thought of class at the time (who thought of politics as vulgar), TR went into politics as vulgar), TR went into politics.politics.

Gained national fame Gained national fame as the leader of “the as the leader of “the Rough Riders” in Rough Riders” in Cuba during the Cuba during the Spanish- American Spanish- American War.War.

Was then elected as Was then elected as governor of New York governor of New York in 1898.in 1898.

He was a RepublicanHe was a Republican. .

TR and the Rough RidersTR and the Rough Riders

Was chosen to run Was chosen to run as Vice-President as Vice-President when William when William McKinley ran for re-McKinley ran for re-election in 1900 election in 1900 (McKinley’s 1(McKinley’s 1stst VP VP had died).had died).

Became President in Became President in 1901 when McKinley 1901 when McKinley was assassinated.was assassinated.

Teddy Roosevelt as Teddy Roosevelt as PresidentPresident

Brought Dynamic Brought Dynamic energy to energy to Presidency.Presidency.

““Bully Pulpit.”Bully Pulpit.”

Changed Changed Presidency.Presidency.

Cautious at first because he wants Cautious at first because he wants to win election in 1904 (needs to to win election in 1904 (needs to appease conservatives).appease conservatives).

Breaks up Northern Securities Breaks up Northern Securities (1903).(1903).

Intervenes in anthracite coal strike Intervenes in anthracite coal strike (1902).(1902).

Wins big over Alton B. Parker (1904) Wins big over Alton B. Parker (1904) ““Square Deal” is his programSquare Deal” is his program

2nd Term Reforms2nd Term Reforms More bold during second term.More bold during second term.

Hepburn Act (1906) More power to regulate the Hepburn Act (1906) More power to regulate the RR.RR.

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

Meat Inspection Act (1906)Meat Inspection Act (1906)

Also favors 8-hr day, workmen’s comp., and Also favors 8-hr day, workmen’s comp., and more--begins to alienate conservatives.more--begins to alienate conservatives.

TR and the TrustsTR and the Trusts

Thinks big corporations are Thinks big corporations are inevitable.inevitable.

Likes efficiency.Likes efficiency.

But does think that there are But does think that there are “good” trusts and “bad” trusts.“good” trusts and “bad” trusts.

Believes the government Believes the government should should regulateregulate business. business.

TR and ConservationTR and Conservation Conservation vs. preservationConservation vs. preservation

Gifford Pinchot (National Gifford Pinchot (National Forest Service)Forest Service)

National parks/forests (150 National parks/forests (150 million acres)million acres)

Newlands Act (1902)--fed. Newlands Act (1902)--fed. Funding for water projects in Funding for water projects in west.west.

Hetch Hetchy controversyHetch Hetchy controversy

Panic of 1907Panic of 1907

TR agrees to let J.P. TR agrees to let J.P. Morgan purchase Morgan purchase Tennessee Coal Tennessee Coal and Iron without and Iron without pursuing anti-trust pursuing anti-trust action.action.

Doesn’t run again Doesn’t run again in 1908.in 1908.

ReviewReview Explain TR’s attitude towards the trusts.Explain TR’s attitude towards the trusts.

What was the term used to describe TR’s What was the term used to describe TR’s policies and agenda?policies and agenda?

What did TR use the Interstate Commerce What did TR use the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate?Commission to regulate?

Why is TR considered a conservationist?Why is TR considered a conservationist?

What two acts that protected consumers What two acts that protected consumers were passed when TR was president?were passed when TR was president?

TaftTaft

Lawyer and Judge.Lawyer and Judge.

Handpicked by TR.Handpicked by TR.

Largest man to be Largest man to be president.president.

Taft’s ProblemsTaft’s Problems Tough to follow popular TR.Tough to follow popular TR.

Can’t please both Conservatives and Can’t please both Conservatives and Progressives.Progressives.

– A) Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1908)A) Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1908)– B) Doesn’t take on “Uncle Joe” Cannon.B) Doesn’t take on “Uncle Joe” Cannon.– C) Active in perusing Anti-Trust (70) C) Active in perusing Anti-Trust (70) – D) Ballinger-Pinchot Dispute (1909)D) Ballinger-Pinchot Dispute (1909)– E) Anti-Trust suit against US Steel (1911)E) Anti-Trust suit against US Steel (1911)

Split Between TR and TaftSplit Between TR and Taft

TR angry with TR angry with Taft’s actions.Taft’s actions.

Believes that Believes that only HE (TR) can only HE (TR) can unify the unify the Republican Republican party.party.

The Republican ConventionThe Republican Convention Republicans were Republicans were

divided over who to divided over who to support—TR or Taft.support—TR or Taft.

Taft eventually got Taft eventually got the Republican the Republican nomination.nomination.

TR decided to run TR decided to run anyway and anyway and organized the organized the Progressive (or “Progressive (or “Bull Bull MooseMoose”) Party.”) Party.

New Nationalism New Nationalism SpeechSpeech

Speech by TR in Osawatomie, Kansas 1910.Speech by TR in Osawatomie, Kansas 1910.

Most radical of career.Most radical of career.

Says that the federal govt. has the Says that the federal govt. has the responsibility to protect the social welfare of responsibility to protect the social welfare of the citizens.the citizens.

Calls for income and inheritance taxes, Calls for income and inheritance taxes, workmen’s comp., minimum wage and workmen’s comp., minimum wage and minimum hours, etc.minimum hours, etc.

New Nationalism New Nationalism SpeechSpeech

Speech by TR in Osawatomie, Kansas 1910.Speech by TR in Osawatomie, Kansas 1910.

Most radical of career.Most radical of career.

Says that the federal govt. has the Says that the federal govt. has the responsibility to protect the social welfare of responsibility to protect the social welfare of the citizens.the citizens.

Calls for income and inheritance taxes, Calls for income and inheritance taxes, workmen’s comp., minimum wage and workmen’s comp., minimum wage and minimum hours, etc.minimum hours, etc.

The SocialistsThe Socialists Socialism was very popular in Socialism was very popular in

1912.1912.

Their candidate was Eugene DebsTheir candidate was Eugene Debs—former leader of the American —former leader of the American Railway Union.Railway Union.

The DemocratsThe Democrats They Pick Woodrow They Pick Woodrow

WilsonWilson

He had been a He had been a history professor and history professor and then President of then President of Princeton University.Princeton University.

He was a Progressive He was a Progressive governor of New governor of New Jersey.Jersey.

The Big difference between TR The Big difference between TR and Wilsonand Wilson

TR advocated regulation as the way TR advocated regulation as the way to deal with the trusts. “to deal with the trusts. “New New NationalismNationalism””

Wilson called for breaking-up the Wilson called for breaking-up the trusts to restore competition. “trusts to restore competition. “New New FreedomFreedom””

The Election of 1912The Election of 1912

WilsonWilson 6,296,5476,296,547

TRTR 4,118,5714,118,571

TaftTaft 3,486,7203,486,720

DebsDebs 900,672 900,672

Wilson as Pres.Wilson as Pres.

Lowered the Tariff (Underwood-Lowered the Tariff (Underwood-Simmons).Simmons).

11stst Income Tax (1913) Income Tax (1913)

Created the Created the Federal Reserve BoardFederal Reserve Board to to regulate banking (1913).regulate banking (1913).

Created the Created the Federal Trade CommissionFederal Trade Commission to to regulate business (1914).regulate business (1914).

What Wilson was againstWhat Wilson was against

At first, Wilson refused to support:At first, Wilson refused to support:– Child Labor lawsChild Labor laws– Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage– Bills that sought to restrict immigration.Bills that sought to restrict immigration.– Allowed segregation to take place in govt.Allowed segregation to take place in govt.

– When he had to run for re-election, however, When he had to run for re-election, however, he changed and was for: workers comp., child he changed and was for: workers comp., child labor laws, and 8-hour workday for railroad labor laws, and 8-hour workday for railroad workers.workers.

Louis BrandeisLouis Brandeis

In reality, Wilson’s In reality, Wilson’s policies reflected policies reflected more of TR’s “New more of TR’s “New Nationalism” than Nationalism” than they did the rhetoric they did the rhetoric of his “New Freedom.”of his “New Freedom.”

Wilson also named the Wilson also named the ultra-liberal Louis ultra-liberal Louis Brandeis to the Brandeis to the Supreme Court.Supreme Court.

Who was TR’s hand-picked Who was TR’s hand-picked successor?successor?

A = William Howard TaftA = William Howard Taft

Q: Who was the Democratic Q: Who was the Democratic candidate for President in 1912?candidate for President in 1912?

A = Woodrow WilsonA = Woodrow Wilson

Who was the Socialist Who was the Socialist candidate for President in candidate for President in

1912?1912? A = Eugene DebsA = Eugene Debs

Q: What was the name of the new Q: What was the name of the new Progressive party that backed TR in Progressive party that backed TR in the 1912 election?the 1912 election?

A = Bull MooseA = Bull Moose

TR or WilsonTR or Wilson

Q: Wanted to regulate the trusts?Q: Wanted to regulate the trusts?

A = Theodore RooseveltA = Theodore Roosevelt

Q: New Freedom?Q: New Freedom?

A = Woodrow WilsonA = Woodrow Wilson

TR or WilsonTR or Wilson

Q: New Nationalism?Q: New Nationalism?

A = TRA = TR

Q: Break-up the trusts to restore Q: Break-up the trusts to restore competition?competition?

A = Woodrow WilsonA = Woodrow Wilson

Progressive Foreign PolicyProgressive Foreign Policy

TR & “Big Stick” DiplomacyTR & “Big Stick” Diplomacy

He loved to quote He loved to quote the African the African proverb: “Speak proverb: “Speak softly, and carry a softly, and carry a big stick.”big stick.”

Called for military Called for military buildup.buildup.

ESPECIALLY THE ESPECIALLY THE NAVY.NAVY.

The Roosevelt CorollaryThe Roosevelt Corollary

The The Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine told Europeans to told Europeans to stay out of the Americas (North, Central, & stay out of the Americas (North, Central, & South).South).

The The Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt Corollary stated that the stated that the US would intervene in Central and South US would intervene in Central and South America to America to maintain ordermaintain order. .

(This meant that the US was to be the (This meant that the US was to be the policeman of the Western Hemisphere).policeman of the Western Hemisphere).

TR’s BeliefsTR’s Beliefs

Big believer in Big believer in Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon supremacy.supremacy.

But also makes But also makes distinction between distinction between “developed” and “developed” and “non-developed.”“non-developed.”

TR and the CaribbeanTR and the Caribbean

Frequently sent Frequently sent troops into Central troops into Central America and the America and the Caribbean to Caribbean to restore order and restore order and protect American protect American investments.investments.

The Panama Canal The Panama Canal (1903).(1903).

TR and JapanTR and Japan In 1905, Russia and Japan were at war over In 1905, Russia and Japan were at war over

control of the northern part of China.control of the northern part of China.

TR mediated a peace agreement that ended the TR mediated a peace agreement that ended the Russo-Japanese War.Russo-Japanese War.

In 1906, Japan was angry over California’s In 1906, Japan was angry over California’s segregationist policies towards Japanese.segregationist policies towards Japanese.

TR solved the problem with a “gentlemen’s TR solved the problem with a “gentlemen’s agreement” in which the segregationist policies agreement” in which the segregationist policies were withdrawn, while Japan agreed to limit it’s were withdrawn, while Japan agreed to limit it’s immigration.immigration.

The Great White FleetThe Great White Fleet

To show the world To show the world (& Japan) (& Japan) America’s new America’s new naval muscle, TR naval muscle, TR called for 16 new called for 16 new battleships (all battleships (all painted white) to painted white) to make a world tour.make a world tour.

Route of Great White FleetRoute of Great White Fleet

Taft and Dollar DiplomacyTaft and Dollar Diplomacy When Taft succeeded When Taft succeeded

TR, he called for a TR, he called for a foreign policy in foreign policy in Central America and Central America and the Caribbean that the Caribbean that emphasized US emphasized US investment rather investment rather than muscle.than muscle.

Nevertheless, Taft Nevertheless, Taft sent his share of sent his share of troops into the region.troops into the region.

Wilson “Moral” DiplomacyWilson “Moral” Diplomacy Was an InternationalistWas an Internationalist

Wilson’s FP predicated on his sense of Wilson’s FP predicated on his sense of morality.morality.

Thought U.S. should take an active role Thought U.S. should take an active role in spreading American ideals and in spreading American ideals and institutions.institutions.

Ushered in a new era in U.S. foreign Ushered in a new era in U.S. foreign policy (internationalism)policy (internationalism)

Wilson and Latin AmericaWilson and Latin America

Between 1915—1917, Wilson sent Between 1915—1917, Wilson sent troops into Haiti, the Dominican troops into Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Cuba.Republic, and Cuba.

Wilson and MexicoWilson and Mexico