1900-1917 Three Progressive Presidents: Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, and Woodrow Wilson.
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Transcript of 1900-1917 Three Progressive Presidents: Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, and Woodrow Wilson.
1900-1917
Three Progressive Presidents: Theodore Roosevelt, William H.
Taft, and Woodrow Wilson
The Federal Government and the Presidency gain power, 1900-1917Three Progressive Presidents: (T)
Theodore Roosevelt, (R)1901-1908
William Howard Taft (R) 1908-1912
Woodrow Wilson (D) 1912-1920
The Progressives are demanding more action from the government
Amendment passes for direct election of U.S Senators
People turn to the President for leadership
IN THIS PERIOD, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND THE PRESIDENCY WILL GROW IN POWER AND CONTINUE TO UNTIL THE PRESENT DAY. WASHINGTON, D.C. BECAME THE POWER CENTER OF THE U.S.
Theodore Roosevelt, The Accidental President, 1901
McKinley assassinated42 years old, youngest to assume officeBelieved in using the power of the Presidency!!! Moderate—believed using the office of the
presidency and the government as a go-between for business/industry and the people
He was a moderate on labor—wanted to settle disputes as a mediator—but did support many labor issues
Wanted regulation but not destruction of trusts and monopolies
Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” Wanted to be fair to as many people as possible, “Level
the Playing Field” First target—railroads, Hepburn Act, Railroad RegulationNegotiated an end to the coal strike Used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to bring charges against
over 40 companies Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act8 Hour workdayPayment for those injured at work in factoriesRegulation of the stock market Higher Inheritance and a progressive income tax Conservation of wilderness areas and forests
T.R. with John Muir, founder of the Sierra Club
Financial Panic of 1907Government had little real control
over the economyToo many goods were being
produced and the global market could not absorb them
There had also been irresponsible speculation and financial mismanagement.
J.P. Morgan helps with a bailout for the economy
T. Roosevelt leaves office and hand picks Taft to replace him. Safari time!
J. P. Morgan put together a financial plan to support the weak financial institutions.
TODAY Warren Buffet is financing some firms.
President William Howard Taft, 1909
Could not fill Roosevelt’s shoes—personality, energy, charisma
Both the progressives and the conservatives thought he shared their views---could please NO ONE
Brought suits against over 90 corporations Fought with the Congress over the tariff Ballinger-Pinchot Affair-Debate over the
use of public lands (Angered T Roosevelt) Left office one of the most defeated
presidents in historyLater was appointed Chief Justice of the
U.S. Supreme Court
Election of 1912The Return of Theodore
Roosevelt?William Howard Taft –RepublicanWoodrow Wilson ---DemocratTheodore Roosevelt—”Bull Moose” Progressive Party-New Nationalism
Eugene Debs ---Socialist PartyHighly emotional campaign—Taft is devastated
T. Roosevelt is struck by a bullet during the campaign
Woodrow Wilson’s “New Freedom” Served 2 termsScholar—a professor and later President of PrincetonDiffered from Roosevelt in that he wanted to break up
trusts and monopolies—not just regulate themClayton Anti-Trust Act, Federal Trade Commission He took EVEN MORE POWER into his own hands as
presidentApproved the graduated income tax (16th
Amendment) MOST IMPORTANTLY—PASSED THE FEDERAL RESERVE
ACT – and set up the FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD to bring stability to the banking system. This institution is very important today and regulating our economy.
Wilson feels the pressure…..more reforms
Passed laws against child labor Made it easier for farmers to get
loans (credit) Appointed Louis Brandeis to
Supreme Court (first Jewish justice)
Workman’s comp for employees of the federal government
Refused to support the Woman Suffrage Movement
Reimposed segregation in federal agencies (TR had eliminated them)
W. Wilson relaxed after his first term but soon realized he had to act to get reelected.
The Progressive Movement: 1900-1920
Was the Progressive Movement of the early 1900s a success or a failure? Did progressive reformers achieve their goals? Which groups benefitted from reforms? Which groups were left behind in the progressive movement?
Progressive Era Video-Summary (33:00) Presidents begin at 10 minutes
http://www.cleanvideosearch.com/media/action/yt/watch?videoId=PWmQhnK6xu8&name=Just+the+Facts-+The+Emergence+of+Modern+America+The+Progressive+Era&uploadUsername=wdiaz120&hitCount=4868
TEST Tomorrow