Topics:What is Speech?The Parts of SpeechThe Gender of Nouns in ArabicProper Nouns (Names)The Demonstrative Pronoun ( اإلشارة (اسمConstructing simple sentences with “This / that is a …” Asking and answering simple questions:“Who is this / that?” and “What is this / that?”Also, “Is this / that a …?” Answering with “yes” or “no”.

Speech may be defined as a combination of words that convey a complete meaning.

Thus, speech is composed of at least two words, and it must make sense.

In Arabic Speech is م�ل كال Learning a language .أis all about understanding speech and producing speech in that language.

1. Praise be to Allah!

2. Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.

3. Men and women who fear Allah.

4. The pious are those who fear Allah.

5. Allah is the Greatest.

6. Fear Allah!

7. Eat!

8. Eating too fast.

9. Stop!

10. Those who do good.

What are the Parts of Speech?

In Arabic, there are three parts of speech. They are

م� Nounاال�س

ع ل� ل ف� Verbا

ف� ر ل ح Particleا

It is any word that refers to a person, animal, plant, thing or idea. Thus, it includes what in English are nouns, pronouns and adjectives.

For example:

A roseA bookA penBigSmall

دة� لم�ك�تاب�ور غ�ير�كب�ير�ق ص

HeSheBoyGirlCatو لد�ه�يه� ق�ط1ب�ن ت�و

It is any word that shows an action being performed at a specific time, past, present or

future. E.g.

Past Present Future

He read أ ر ق He reads ر يق� أ

He will read

يق سأ� ر

He wroteكتب

He writesيك ت�ب�

He will write

يك ست�ب�

She read

أ ر ق ت

She reads ر تق� أ

She will read

تق سأ� ر

She wroteكتب ت

She writes

تك تب�

She will write

تك ستب�

It is any word that cannot stand on its own, but needs a noun or a verb to support it. It includes what in English are prepositions,

conjunctions and interjections. E.g.

Verily إ�ن8 Yes نعم no, not ال

(question) ل ه Onعلى

O … يا ...

(future) و سف

In ف�ي Then ث�م8

If لو From م�ن And و

In Arabic there are two genders, masculine and feminine.

Feminine nouns end with ة while masculine nouns do not.

Feminine ن8ث� ؤ Masculine ال م�ذك8ر� ال م�

a woman ة� أ ر إ�مa man ل� ج� ر

a friend ة� د�يق صa friend د�يق� ص

a student طال�بة� a student طال�ب�a teacher ة� س Lرد م� a teacher

س� Lرد م�a wife ة� و ج ز a husband و ج� ز

Non-living things are either masculine or feminine. E.g.

a houseبي ت�

a doorباب�

ك تب� a deskم

.Masالمذكر

س� ك�ري1

a chairلم� a penق

a bookك�تاب�

ذة� a windowناف�

ة� ف a roomغ�رس د ر م

ة�

a school

.Femالمؤنث

اعة� a watchس

ة� ي8ار a carس

ط م�سة� ر

a ruler

بي ت� باب�

ك تب� م

س� ك�ري1

لم� ق

ك�تاب�ذة� ة�ناف� ف غ�ر

س د ر مة�

اعة� س ة� ي8ار س

ط م�سة� ر

و ج� ز

ة� و ج ز

س� Lرد م�

ة� س Lرد م�

طال�ب�

د�يق�طال�بة� ص

ة� د�يق ص ل� ج� ر

أة� ر إ�م

لد� ب�ن ت�و

a windowa room

a school

a watch

a car a ruler

a house

a door

a desk

a chair

a pen

a book

a husband

a wife

a teacher (m)

a teacher (f)

a student (m)

a student (f)

a friend (m)

a friend (f)

a mana woman

a boy

a girl

Some nouns that refer to female persons do not end with ة.

Some nouns that refer to male persons end with ة. E.g.

Note: Words such as ة�ي ة� and داع� are common to عال8مmales and females.

Here are the corresponding masculine nouns.

a sister ت� أ�خ a girl ب�ن ت� a mother أ�م1

a brother أخ� a boy لد� و a father أب�

a caliphل�ي خة� ف

a missionary ية� داع� a scholar ة� عال8م

Some common everyday words which do not have ة are feminine by usage. Eg.

Also, body parts that come in pairs are feminine. Eg.

كعب�

بع� إ�ص يد� ف ر م�ق�

د قم�

ر�جل�

أ�ذ�ن�

عين�

ankle toe, finger hand elbow foot foot ear eye

و ر�ح�

ر�يح� رأ

ض�دار� نار� ب� س

يل�م ساء�

م شس�

soul wind earth house fire path sky sun

Body parts that are single are masculine, unless

they have ة Eg.

أ رس�

وجه�

ن أف�

head face nose

Proper nouns are names. Feminine names usually have

.while masculine names do not. E.g ة

Feminine Names Masculine Names

اط� فة� م

د�ي خة� ج

عائ�ة� ش

عل�ي1 ي د� ز م8 م�حد�

نب�يلة� ي م� سة� ر

ال�د خة�

نب�يل� ي م� سر�

ال�د� خ

Feminine Names Masculine Names

ي ر مم�

م سأ

اء�ي ن زب�

طل حة�

ام سأ�

ة�ز م حة�

Below are some exceptions to the above rule.

ن8ث� ؤ ال م�)Feminine(

ذك8ر� ال م�)Masculine(

This ذ�ه� wه ذا wهThat ت�ل ك ذwل�ك / ذاك

This is a man.

ذا wهل� ج� ر

لد� ذwل�ك وThat is a boy.

This is a woman.

ذ�ه� wهأة� ر ام ت�ل كب�ن ت�

That is a girl.

Exercise: Read the following words with اذ wه or ذ�ه� wه before them, then translate into English

Lرد م�س�

طال�بة�

د�ي صق�

ج� رل�

أ�م1

طال�ب�

ل ود�

ب�نت�

داع�ية�

أ�خت�

ا فط�مة�

و زج�

ي ن زب�

Lرد م�ة� س

م أخ� حة� ز

أب�

ي د� ز

د�ي صة� ق

ر إ�مة� أ

عال8ة� م

ل�ي خة� ف

و زة� ج

طلة� ح

Exercise: Read the following words with ت�ل ك or ذwل�كbefore them, then translate into English.

Lرد م�س�

طال�بة�

د�ي صق�

ج� رل�

أ�م1

طال�ب�

ل ود�

ب�نت�

ي داع�ة�

أ�خت�

ا فط�مة�

و زج�

ي ن زب�

Lرد م�ة� س

م أخ� حة� ز

أب� ي د� ز

د�ي صة� ق أ ر إ�م

ة�

عال8ة� م

ل�ي خة� ف

و زة� ج

طل حة�

طال�ناف�ب�

ذة� م�سطرة�

داع�ية� ب�ن

ت�باب�

Exercise: Read these words with “اذ wه” or “ ذ�ه� wه” then translate.

م ساء�

ب� سيل�

عين� أ�ذ�

ن� رأ

ض�

م�رفق�

ر�يح�

يد�

نار�

ر�جل�

قدم�

إ�صبع�

دار�

و ر�ح�

كعد رب� مة� س

ا سعة�

ك ت مدرLب� م�

ة� س

ك�رس�ي1

بيت� ل ق

م�

Exercise: Read these words with “ “ or ”ذwل�ك then ”ت�ل كtranslate.

ذا؟ wه Whoمنis this?

This is a brother. ذا wه

أخ�

ذ�ه�؟ wه Whoمنis this?

This is a sister. ذ�ه� wه

أ�خ ت�

؟ /ذل�ك من ذاكWho is that?

That is Ahmad. ذاكمد� أح

؟ Who isمن ت�ل كthat?

That is Zaynab. ت�ل ك

ي نب� ز

ذ�ه� ؟ wا ه م

fem.

ذا ؟ wا ه م

masc.

This is a book.ذا wهك�تاب�

This is a watch.ذ�ه� wهاعة� س

ا ذل�ك ؟ م

masc.

ا ت�ل ك ؟ م

fem.

That is a pen. لم� ذل�ك ق

That is a car. ت�ل كة� ي8ار س

Point to one of these pictures and ask your friend in Arabic “Who is this?” or “What is this?” Take turns asking and answering.

ذا wه ، نعمك�تاب�

ذا wهأ؟ .ك�تاب�

Yes, this is a book. Is this a book?

ذ�ه� wه ، الاعة� س

ذا wهأ؟ .ك�تاب�

No, this is a watch. Is this a book?

Another way of asking “is this a book?” اذ هل ه؟ ك�تاب�

The particle .changes a statement into a question أ

The particle .also changes a statement into a question هل

Point to a picture and ask each other in Arabic“Is this a …?” Take turns asking and answering.