Tooth Numbering Systems
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Transcript of Tooth Numbering Systems
Contents
Introduction Nomenclature Dental Formula Tooth Numbering Systems
Universal system Palmer notation FDI system
References
Introduction
Teeth are arranged in the jaws forming two dental arches :
Maxillary Arch (Upper Arch)
Mandibular Arch (Lower Arch)
Two arches together constitute the dentition
Each arch is divided by an imaginary midline into :
A right and left half called - QUADRANTS
Maxillary right/left quadrants
Mandibular right/left quadrants
The first set of teeth to be seen in the mouth is the deciduous or primary teeth
Begins to form prenatally at about 14 weeks in utero
completed postnatally at about 3 yrs of age
First deciduous teeth begins to appear at about 6 months
the last at about 28+ or – 4 months Deciduous dentition remains intact until
the child is about 6 yrs of age
At around 6yrs the first permanent tooth begins to emerge into the mouth
this marks the beginning of the mixed dentition period
it lasts from 6 to 12 yrs of age ends when all the deciduous teeth
have been shed Then the permanent dentition period
begins
the permanent dentition is completed at about 14-15 yrs of age
Except for the third molars which are completed at 18-25 yrs of age
The completed permanent dentition consists of 32 teeth
Nomenclature and dental formula
Denomination and number of all mammalian teeth expressed by a formula called as dental formula
Each tooth represented by intial letter of its name:
Eg- Incisor – I Canine – C Premolar – P Molar – M
Each letter followed by a horizontal line and the number of each type of tooth is placed
Above the Line for Maxilla or Upper Jaw
Below the Line for Mandible or Lower Jaw
The formulae include one side only , with the number of teeth in each jaw being the same for humans
Dental Formula for Primary /Deciduous Teeth:
I 2/2 C 1/1 M2/2 = 10 This is read as : incisors, two maxillary
and two mandibular Canines, one maxillary and one
mandibular molars , two maxillary and two
mandibular. Totally 10 on one side. Right or left
Dental Formula for permanent Teeth: I 2/2 C 1/1 PM 2/2 M 3/3
This is read as : incisors, two maxillary and two
mandibular
Canines, one maxillary and one mandibular
Premolars, two maxillary and two mandibular
molars , three maxillary and three mandibular
In anthropological studies anthropologist use:
di 1, di2, dc, dm1, dm2 - deciduous dentition
I1 , I2 , C , P1 , P2 , M1 , M2 , M3 -
Permanent Dentition
Advantages of tooth numbering systems:
Short hand system of tooth notation
Necessary for recording data
Numbering of the teeth : Starts anteriorly at midline Incisors closed to midline anteriorly are
called first or central incisor Teeth next to centrals are known as
lateral or second incisor Premolars are called as 1st & 2nd
premolars Molars are called as 1st , 2nd ,3rd molars
respectively
In all accepted forms of numbering system for teeth dental arch is expressed by a cross
Four sides of cross are used to denote four quadrants
Maxillary right
Mandibular right
Maxillary left
Mandibular left
Numbers or alphabets above horizontal line are for maxillary teeth
below line are for mandibular teeth
Three popular systems accepted for tooth identification are:
1) Universal numbering System
2) Zsigmondy’s/Palmer notation system
3) FDI (Federation Dentaire International System or International Numbering System or Two-Digit System
1st suggested by Parreidt in 1882 ADA officially accepted in 1968 Most widely accepted method used
to record teeth in U.S.A. Uncomplicated and efficient
Universal system for permanent teeth:
Each tooth numbered from 1 to 32 in consecutive order
Maxillary right third molar #1 and Maxillary left third molar tooth # 16
Mandibular left third molar tooth #17 follows consecutively to mandibular
right third molar tooth #32
Universal system For Deciduous Teeth:
Numbered from maxillary right 2nd molar to maxillary left 2nd molar and
mandibular left molar to mandibular right molar
A- maxillary right second molarJ – maxillary left second molar
K - mandibular left second molarT – mandibular right second molar
Zsigmondy’s/Palmer notation system:
also known as Military Tooth numbering
system
introduced for permanent dentition by Adolf Zsigmondy of Vienna in 1861
Modified for primary dentition in 1874
1870 Palmar published Symbolic system, reffered to Palmar notation system in USA
Referred also as Zsigmondy/Palmar notation system
Right angle bracket used to
represent four quadrants of dentition
Same brackets used for Deciduous teeth
each tooth designated accordingly to its location in a quadrant
Horizontal line seperates maxilla from mandible
Vertical midline seperates right & left sides of mouth
permanent teeth numbered 1-8 in each quadrant
Deciduous teeth designated by A-E
FDI system
FDI (Federation Dentaire International System or International Numbering System or Two-Digit System
Given by Dane(1887) / Hderup(1891) Recommended by FDI in 1939 accepted by WHO & IADR Popular in Norway, Sweden ,Denmark ,
Finland represented by two-digit system
Each tooth represented by two-digits
First digit 1 to 4 – Quadrants - permanent
5 to 8 – Quadrants – deciduous
Second digit denotes Tooth
First number indicates quadrants (primary or pemanent)
Permanent Teeth Deciduous Teeth Max. Rt. – 1 Max. Rt.- 5 Max. Lt. - 2 Max. Lt.
- 6 Mand. Lt. – 3 Mand.
Lt. - 7 Mand. Rt. - 4 Mand.
Rt. – 8
Second digit indicates individual tooth within quadrant
Teeth within each quadrant are numbered :
1-8 ( central incisor –third molar ) – permanent tooth
1-5 (central incisor – second molar) – primary tooth
Advantages:
Readily communicable in print
Simple to understand and adapt to chart used
Simple to translate into computer input
Simple in conversation and dictation
Safest method:Out of existing 13 systems , no system
is full –proof Safest method is to write full
description of Teeth eg:- Upper Left First Permanent Molar
References
Wheelers dental anatomy , physiology and occlusion : Nelson , Ash - 9th edition
Woelfel’s dental anatomy its relevance to dentistry: Rickne schied – 7th edition