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Transcript of TOMORROW’S TELEMEDICINE TODAY The Changing Face of Medical Practice AMIA TUTORIAL Los Angeles, CA.
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TOMORROW’S TELEMEDICINE TODAY
The Changing Face of Medical Practice
AMIA TUTORIAL
Los Angeles, CA
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PRESENTERS
Julie McGowan, PhD, Professor of Knowledge Informatics and Director, Ruth Lilly Medical Library, Indiana University School of Medicine
Michael Kienzle, MD, Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean, Clinical Affairs and Biomedical Communications
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TOPICS
Telemedicine Concepts/History
Telecommunications Technologies
Provider Impact and Practice Patterns
Cost and Benefit
Licensure, Legislation and Liability
Lessons Learned in Iowa
Evaluation of Telemedicine
What Lies Ahead?
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TELEMEDICINE CONCEPTS AND HISTORY
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TELEMEDICINE DEFINED
“...the use of electronic information and
communications technologies to provide
and support health care when distance
separates the participants...”
from: Institute of Medicine: Telemedicine: A Guide to Assessing Telecommunications in Health Care
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Brief History of Telemedicine
1955 Nebraska Psychiatric Institute usedclosed-circuit TV
1964 Institute linked to hospital 112 milesaway
1967 Mass. General Hospital & Logan Int.Airport linked with 2-way audiovisualmicrowave circuit
1971 Alaska Satellite BiomedicalDemonstration Project linked 26 sitesusing NASA satellite technologies
1972 Space Technology Applied to RuralPapago Advanced Health Care: Acollaboration of NASA & PapagoIndian Reservation in Arizona
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Brief History of Telemedicine (cont.)
1990s Coaxial cable and fiberoptics leadto growth and development oftelemedicine (200 + programs,world-wide)
1996 Telecommunications Act of 1996lowers rural rates –potentiallypositive impact on telemedicine
1997 Balanced Budget Act mandatesreimbursement via HCFA forMedicare patients
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History of Telemedicine in Iowa
1991 Construction of Iowa CommunicationsNetwork (600+ sites now connected)
1993 Midwest Rural TelemedicineConsortium established – 38 medicalsites connected
1994 Governor signs bill to allow healthfacilities on ICN
19941996
UI receives $14 million intelemedicine awards from theNational Library of Medicine
1997 Iowa General Assembly appropriatesfunding for Medicaid TelemedicinePilot Program
1999 Iowa Telehealth Directory created
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Video
Store & ForwardDesktop Videoconference
Electronic Patient Record
Digital Libraries, Databases
Internet, World Wide Web, E-mail
Intranets, Local Area Networks, Internal
Application Pyramid
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DELIVERY APPROACHES
Tele-Consultation- most resembles office visit
Tele-Monitoring- most resembles visiting nurse care
Store-and-Forward- most resembles the curbside consult, radiology/pathology service
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VIDEOCONSULTATIONVIDEOCONSULTATION
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Home Care
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HOME MONITORING
www.healthhero.com
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HEALTH BUDDY®
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TELERADIOLOGYTELERADIOLOGY
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STORE-AND-FORWARD
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STORE-AND-FORWARD
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Content Provider
Physician
Nurse
Disease Management
Care Setting
Family
Home
Patient
CareLink Community
Bedside Bedside TerminalTerminal
VC UnitHome Station
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Telemedicine and Telecommunications Technologies:
High End Equipment vs. Low End Equipment;
High Speed vs. Low Speed:
Optimizing Costs and Care
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Telemedicine & Equipment Choice
Video Conferencing Distance Learning
Clinical Telemedicine Applications Store and Forward Provider to Patient with Provider Provider to Patient
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Critical Questions
Is the image quality [resolution] high enough to make a clinical decision?
If appropriate, is the audio quality satisfactory to have an effective clinical encounter?
Is the transmission speed of the image and/or sound appropriate to the application?
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Basic Hardware
Telephone Off the Shelf Analog Systems PC’s & the Web for Store and Forward Desktop Systems with Cameras and
Teleconferencing Software Room Size Systems !!! Standards !!!!!! Standards !!!
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Peripheral Equipment
Digital Cameras Data Collection Devices [Glucose monitors] Sound Devices [Digital Stethoscopes] Visual Scoping Devices [Endoscopes] Radiologic Devices [Ultrasound] Wireless & Handheld
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Telecommunications Formats & Issues
Asynchronous Store & Forward Time is the Variable; Image is the Constant
Synchronous Speed for viewing comfort Speed for diagnostic quality Speed vs. Cost
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Synchronous Telecommunications Primer
Circuit Switch H.320 ITU Standard for formatting video & audio
Packet Switch H.323 ITU Standard for formatting video & audio
Codec Compression & Decompression of Video Image
Multi-point Control Unit [MCU] Equalization of multiple sites
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Telecommunications Links and Speeds [Land-based]
POTS 20+ Kbps ISDN 128 Kbps T1 1.54 Mbps Cable Modem 1-27 Mbps [One Way] T3 44 Mbps ATM 155 Mbps Frequently mixed
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Telecommunications Systems and Speeds [Wireless]
Small Footprint Satellite Dish 400 Kbps –[Low Orbiting Satellite] 6 Mbps [Asyn]
14 Kbps –
2 Mbps [Syn]
Wireless terrestrial 1-26 Mbps
[Asyn & Syn]
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Minimum Application Standards
Asynchronous TelePathology High Resolution; Low Speed
TelePsychiatry Medium Resolution; Interactive video at 384
Kbps [3 ISDN lines]
Camera Placement TeleEndoscopy
High Resolution; Medium to High Speed
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Other Applications
Synchronous Nursing Home Care Low Resolution; Low Speed [Audio]
Asynchronous Data Transmission – Home Health Monitoring POTS
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Exercise
List one to three telemedicine applications
Choose hardware; note resolution; include peripheral equipment
Select appropriate telecommunications speed
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Telemedicine: Licensure, Litigation and Legislative Mandates
OR
How do I keep from being sued?
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JCAHO: Telemedicine Credentialing Standards
“If a telemedicine practitioner prescribes, renders a diagnosis, or otherwise provides clinical treatment to a patient, the telemedicine practitioner is credentialed and privileged*by the organization receiving the telemedicine service.
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JCAHO: Telemedicine Credentialing Standards, cont.
An organization may use credentialing information from another Joint Commission accredited facility, so long as the decision to delineate privileges is made at the facility that is receiving the telemedicine service.”
Effective 1 Jan 2001
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AMA: Telemedicine Goals
To evaluate relevant federal legislation To urge HCFA to fund demonstration projects To urge specialty societies to develop practice
guidelines To encourage CPT to develop or modify codes To provide appropriate CME credit To work with FSMB for cross-state licensure
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Licensure Issues
States want to protect their health care providers In addition to state licensure for those areas served
by telemedicine, a growing number of states require telemedicine licensure
Telemedicine may fall under the Commerce Clause of the Constitution which prohibits states from erecting barriers against interstate trade.
No litigation to date!
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Licensure Solutions
Consulting without an implied contract State agreements
Endorsement [2/3 of states] Registration [time] or limited licensure [scope] State Compacts
Federal Licensure Exemptions for image and data transfer
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Malpractice Issues
Where does consultation take place and is relationship between physician & patient or physician to physician in the consultation?
Who is liable – referring or consulting physician?
Which site determines standards of care?
What about technology?
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Malpractice Solutions
As a consulting provider, refuse payment ? JCAHO defines telemedicine consultation as
taking place at the referring institution [standards of care]
Define risk before beginning / insurance Failure to use technology is also a risk What about manufacturer’s liability?
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Where to we go from here?
Legislation may help to define the environment
Litigation will determine the nuances of telemedicine practice
Physicians and other health care providers must be proactive to shape policy
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Group Exercise
If you use a laptop to consult over the web, where does the telemedicine consult take place?
If you are mentoring a tele-endoscopy procedure who is liable if the connection is lost and the bowel perforates?
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PROVIDER PRACTICE
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CHALLENGES OF RURAL PRACTICE SETTING
Complex population of patients
Health delivery system under stress
Supporting programs lacking
Rural practitioners isolated
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RATIONALE FOR TELEMEDICINE
Access to care Enhanced efficiency of
care provision Shorten time to
treatment Enhance professional
communication Cost savings
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ELEMENTS OF ACCESS
Geography/Distance Availability of Health Facilities Complexity of Illness Transportation System Social/Cultural Norms Income Health Insurance
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12-11-98
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Woodbury Ida Calhoun
Crawford
Wright
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Butler
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Black HawkGrundy
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Johnson
Muscatine
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Davis
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DesignationGovernor's HPSAFederal MUAFederal HPSAGovernor's HPSA & Federal MUAGovernor's HPSA & Federal HPSAFederal HPSA/MUAGovernor's HPSA/Federal HPSA/MUANo Designation
ÊÚ 130 Rural Health Clinics 9-98
Iowa Shortage Areas & Rural Health ClinicsHealth Professional Shortage Areas (HPSA) & Medically Underserved Areas (MUA)
Source:Iowa Department of Public HealthBureau of Rural Health and Primary Care
Contact:Carl Kulczyk(515) [email protected]
Note: Locations of RHCs are approximated by Zip Code.
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TELEHEALTH SITES, 1999
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10-14--98
Osceola
O'Brien Clay
Emmet
Palo Alto
Kossuth
Winne-bago
Hancock
Worth
CerroGordo
Mitchell Howard
Chickasaw
Fayette
Allamakee
Clayton
PlymouthCherokee
BuenaVista
Pocahontas
Woodbury Ida Calhoun
Crawford
Wright
Webster Hamilton
Butler
Bremer
Buchanan
BentonTama
Black Hawk
Grundy
Clinton
ScottCedarJohnson
Muscatine
Louisa
Des Moines
Henry
Van Buren
Jefferson
Washington
Davis
Wapello
Keokuk
IowaPoweshiek
Mahaska
Appanoose
Monroe
Marion
MarshallStory
Wayne
Linn
Sac
Sioux
Polk
Lyon
Adair
Jasper
Mills
Floyd
Hardin
Carroll
Jackson
Union Lucas
Dubuque
LeeDecaturRinggold
WarrenMadison
Clarke
Taylor
Adams
Cass
AudubonDallasGuthrie
Jones
BooneGreene
Delaware
FranklinHumboldt
Page
Montgomery
Pottawattamie
Shelby
Dickinson
Fremont
Harrison
Monona
Winneshiek
Designation
Federal HPSA
Federal Health Professional Shortage Areas
Contact:Carl Kulczyk(515) [email protected]
Primary Care HPSA
Source:Iowa Department of Public HealthBureau of Rural Health and Primary Care
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SPECIALTY CARE IN RURAL IOWA
Access to many specialties limited
Over 2 decades of providing care through visiting consultant clinics
Care limited by frequency of visits
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TELECARDIOLOGY LOGIC
Time and distance play a key role in patient outcomes (e.g.,acute MI, ventricular arrhythmias).
Much of the key information needed for patient evaluation is historical and visual.
In some settings, cardiovascular specialists must travel to remote clinics.
Managed care is changing referral relationships.
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IOWA CARDIOLOGY VCC, 1989-1994
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1989 1994 % change
#Towns#Arrange>1 VCCDays (x10)
Wakefield, Tracy, Kienzle, Fieselmann
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VCC SHORTCOMINGS
Travel time for consultant may be considerable
Weather is a big factor Inherent inefficiency of
VCC may alter diagnostic and therapeutic approach
Clinics (by themselves) rarely financially sound; case finding and “down-stream” revenue provide rationale
Intermittent nature limits ability to provide more urgent levels of care
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PEDIATRIC ECHO NET
Courier170 mi
Courier25 mi
DS3Line
ISDNLine
Time toReport(minutes)
2700 1200 720 190
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THE COST PERSPECTIVES
SHORT-TERM
LONG-TERM
DOCTOR Up Neutral/Down
HOSPITAL Up Up/Neutral
PAYER Neutral/Up Neutral/Up
PATIENT Down Down
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PRISON TELEMEDICINE
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BARRIERS TO SUCCESS
Human Factors- local politics, relationships
Cost- capitalization, operations, sustainability
Technical- network design/management
Interoperability- silos
Reimbursement- will improve eventually
Licensure- opportunity and threat
Liability- unique vulnerabilities
Evaluation- difficult to control study variables
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CONSULTATIONS 1997-99
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DISTRIBUTION
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VISIT TYPE
Frequency of New vs. Return Clinic Visits
44%
56%
New
Return
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DIAGNOSES
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COMPLEXITY
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CONSULTATION RESULTS
Follow-up Actions by Category
Frequency Action Category
198 Diagnostic Procedure(s) Ordered
109 Lab(s) Ordered
288 Continued/Unchanged Medication
118 New Medication Ordered
59 Medication Change/Stoppage
175 Other Therapy Ordered
41 Surgical Procedure(s) Ordered
26 Non-Surgical Therapy Ordered
265 Return to UIHC Specialty Clinic
133 Return to Telemedicine
138 Return PRN
12 Schedule for Hospitalization
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PROVIDER SATISFACTION
0 1 2 3 4 5
Video Useful for diagnosis?
Video Useful for Treatment Plan?
Medical Problem Appropriate for Video?
Quality of Transmission Adequate?
Consult Met Standards of Adequate Care?
Satisfied with Consultation?
Consultant Average
Referral Average
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SPECIALTY SATISFACTION
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Surgery
Orthopedics
GMed
GU
GI
Dermatology
Cardiology
Consultant
Referral
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Telemedicine Cost Models for ROI
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Will Telemedicine Make You Rich? Reality Check - Reimbursement Update
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Categories of Support
Cost of Doing Business Managed Care Cost-shift Third Party Payers
Mode of health care delivery vs. procedure Image transmission
HCFA Guidelines for Reimbursement 1997 Balanced Budget Act [4/1/99]
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Medicare
Only Interactive Consultations Only in Rural HPSA’s
Patient Residency or Site of Consultation
Reimbursed at 75% of live consult 25% of amount must go to referring provider
Referring providers can only be: MDs, NPs, PAs, MSN Clinical Nurse Specialists, Nurse Anesthetists, Nurse
Mid-Wives, Social Workers, Clinical Psychologists. NOT Nurses & Other Allied Health Staff
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Medicaid
States may reimburse for telemedicine based on scope and coverage determinants
Issues include: Types and quality of equipment Types of reimbursable services Location of eligible providers
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Proposed Legislation
Senators Jeffords (R-VT) & Bliley (R-VA) Eliminates the fee split requirements New $20 facility fee for institutions
providing service Expansion of CPT fee codes Eligibility to include both rural HPSAs &
non urban Metropolitan Statistical Areas
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Proposed Legislation also includes:
Clarification on how home care agencies can use tele-home care in fulfilling requirements under Medicare’s home health program!
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4 Ways to Look at $$$
Managed Care Environment
Multi-Payer Environment
Alternative Savings [Training, Patients]
Cost-Plus in Captive Patient Populations
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Calculating ROI:Prospective Model in Managed Care
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Telemedicine and Managed Care Principles
It is less expensive to perform procedures at referral sites when appropriate.
Repetitive procedures should be avoided. Patient-centered care requires use of
telemedicine when appropriate because of quality of life issues.
Telemedicine mitigates cost of specialist travel and missed appointments.
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Tele-Endoscopy Cost Study
Six Months Chart Review of Endoscopic Procedures in FAHC
Determination of Preferable Locus of Procedures in Fully Capitated Market Appropriately referred to FAHC Initially done at FAHC; Could be done at local
site Unnecessary repetition of procedure at FAHC
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Tele-Endoscopy Study Design Cont.
Determination of Cost of Procedure FAHC (tertiary medical center) Rural site (PC office or local hospital)
Cost of Telecommunications Amortization of Equipment Endoscopist Time
Mentoring time Savings on travel time; Missed appointment
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Formula for Projected Savings For Tele-Endoscopy
Actual Current Endoscopy Costs Less: Cost savings from procedures done locally Cost savings from procedures not repeated Cost savings of endoscopy specialist time
Travel Missed appointments
Add Costs of Telemedicine - Equipment; Line Charges; Endoscopist time
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Tele-EndoscopySix Months Projected Savings
$27,381 savings on locally done procedures $44,438 savings on single procedures $5,563 savings on travel & missed appts. $9,930 costs of telecommunications $4,775 costs of equipment amortization $9,625 costs of endoscopist time 6 mos. Projected savings of $68,962
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Calculating ROI: Retrospective Model with Multi-Payers
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Telemedicine and Multi (3rd Party) Payer Principles
Few procedures are covered for reimbursement. Follow-up visits included in single payment
surgical procedures can frequently be done as efficiently and effectively using telemedicine.
Patient-centered care requires use of telemedicine when appropriate because of quality of life issues.
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Telemedicine and Multi (3rd Party) Payer Cost Study Assumptions
Patient Savings (travel, child care, lost work time) not accounted for in model
Costs such as mileage and indirect costs not included in analyses
Savings not equivalent to revenue generated
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Vascular Surgery Cost Study: Telemedicine Costs
System Cost $11,000 each Monthly ISDN (VT) $375 per site Monthly ISDN (NY) $ 90 per site Tel-Comm Charges ~$50 per hour Tech Support ~$35,000 per year Provider Time $50-150 per hour Outreach Travel Time~1-4 hours
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Vascular SurgeryTelemedicine Findings
26 months 107 Telemedicine Uses
Educational Conferences…… 4 ( 3.7%) Clinical Uses…………………. 103 (96.3%)
8 External Sites (4 NY/4 VT), 1 FAHC Site 14.2% of All Telemedicine System Uses 30.6% of All Clinical Uses
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Vascular SurgeryTelemedicine Clinical Use
Vascular Access F/U 45 (42.1%)Follow-Up Visits 42 (39.3%)X-Ray Review 10 ( 9.3%)Consults 3 ( 2.8%)Emergency Evaluation 2 ( 1.9%)Real-time Surgery 1 ( 0.9%)
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Vascular Surgery26 Months Cost Analysis
Expenses 103 clinical uses of telemedicine (14% of total) $33,976 (telecommunications, equipment, etc.)
Savings 87 clinical visits; 3 consultations $35,413 (personnel costs)
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Vascular SurgeryTelemedicine Summary
Savings accrue primarily as a result of decreased need for physician travel.
“Break-even” for vascular surgery use of telemedicine at ~ 2 years.
Surgical follow-ups do not generate additional revenue, thus savings may be more appropriate evaluation tool.
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Calculating ROI: Alternative Savings
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Telemedicine and Alternative Savings Principles
Patient-centered care requires use of telemedicine when appropriate because of quality of life issues.
Patient costs need to be calculated into the ROI equation.
Alternative uses of telemedicine equipment can reduce overall system costs.
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Tele-Dialysis Cost Study:Environmental Overview
2 external dialysis units, 1 FAHC site 9 uses in a one-month audit period
Educational / Administrative… 4 Technical Troubleshooting… 3 Clinical Uses… 2
16% of all telemedicine systems uses Telemedicine baseline costs are constant.
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TeleDialysis Cost Study: Telemedicine Costs
System Cost $11,000 each Monthly ISDN (VT) $375 per site Tel-Comm Charges ~$50 per hour Tech Support ~$35,000 per
year Provider Time $50-150 per hour Outreach Travel Time~1-2.5 hours
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Tele-Dialysis Projections
3 external dialysis units in rural areas Extrapolated use to one-year period
Educational / Administrative… 72 Technical Troubleshooting… 54 Clinical Uses… 36
Without telemedicine system, each of the above would require in-person visits to each of three sites.
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Tele-Dialysis12 Month Cost Analysis
Expenses 162 uses of telemedicine (16% of total) $38,020 (telecommunications, equipment,
etc.)
Savings $34,200 (personnel costs)
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Tele-DialysisPatient Savings
External dialysis units save patient travel 3 times weekly.
Savings in gas ($1.15 per gallon) is $182.85 per week or $9,508 per year.
Additional savings for patients accrued in lower food costs, less loss of work time.
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Tele-DialysisTelemedicine Summary
Projected “break-even” point for tele-dialysis with three external dialysis units is ~ 14 months.
Dialysis care is capitated by Medicare so revenues are not generated by in-person visits or lost by telemedicine use.
Telemedicine time and travel savings allow more efficient delivery of care.
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Tele-DialysisTelemedicine Summary Cont.
Provider training and support costs can be minimized through telemedicine use.
In chronic disease, quality of life issues, including cost savings to patients, must be weighed against actual cost of telemedicine use.
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Calculating ROI:Captive Patient Populations
Prisons Nursing Homes Emergency Rooms
Military
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Prison Telemedicine
Captive patient population Contracts negotiated on:
Personnel, Out-of-pocket, and Amortized costs Quality of program Reasonableness of offering based on needs of
contracting institution Ability to garner “extra” benefits for both
offering agency and contractors.
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Nursing Home Telemedicine
On-demand patient population support Contracts negotiated on:
Personnel, Out-of-pocket, and Amortized costsOften minimal staffing, technology requirements
Quality of program – value-added Reasonableness of offering based on needs of
both offering and contracting institutions
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Emergency Room Telemedicine
On-demand, captive patient patient Contracts negotiated on:
Personnel, Out-of-pocket, and Amortized costs Offering based on linking emergency rooms
specialists to off-site patients Ability to garner “extra” benefits for EMS
Offer emergency critical care Stabilize patients prior to / during transport
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Military Telemedicine
Captive patient population Refer to Prison Telemedicine No Contracts – Federally funded and
directed [pushing frontiers – in space, under oceans, on battlefield]
Same basic precepts – provide remote patients with highest quality medical care
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The Future?
A Prediction:
Telemedicine will become a ubiquitous technology to improve care and quality of life. Because telemedicine will be viewed as a tool to enhance patient care, all care provided using telemedicine will be fully reimbursable.
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??? QUESTIONS ???
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IOWA EXPERIENCE
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UI TELEMEDICINE PROGRAMS
Federal Contracts
Correctional Facilities
Home Health Care
Continuing Medical Education
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TELEHEALTH SITES, 2000
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National Laboratory for the Study of Rural Telemedicine
16 hospitals 10 programs Telecommunications infrastructure Telemedicine Resource Center April, 1994 - March, 2000 Over $14 million to date
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APPLICATIONS DEVELOPED
Virtual Hospital® Virtual Library Radiology Consult 3-D Chest CT Trauma Consult
Disability Consult Psychiatry Consult Peds Echo Network MI/CVA Consult Home Diabetes
Education
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TELEMEDICINE RESOURCE CENTER
Administration/Coordination
Equipment Purchases
End-User Training
Data Collection
Reports, Documentation
Information & Referral
Troubleshooting
Grant Writing
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SUPPORT TOOLS
800 Number System-Wide email Administrative
Videoconferences On-Site and Virtual
Support/Training Special Events Media Support
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DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS
•Highest volume of service nationally
•All 9 Iowa Prisons now Connected
•540 UI teleconsults Mar. 1997-Feb, 99
•1,768 outpatient telepsychiatry consultations FY ‘99
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HOME CARE
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resourceLink™ of Iowa
University of University of Iowa Iowa
Health SystemHealth System
HELP HELP Innovations, Innovations,
Inc.Inc.
Joint-VentureJoint-Venture
of Iowaof Iowa
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ADMISSIONS TO RLI
0
510
1520
2530
3540
4550
1997 1998 1999 (Oct)
Patients
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SAVINGS COMPONENTS
Home Care 62%
Length of Stay17%
Readmissions17%
Emergency Room4%
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INITIAL EXPERIENCE: UTILIZATION
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
ER visits Hospital Days ECF Days MD Visits Total
Type of Encounter
Nu
mb
er
of
Enco
un
ters
Before
After
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INITIAL EXPERIENCE: COST
Total cost of Care
283,200
126,400
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
Before After
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Telemedicine and Report Cards:
Evaluation to Promote and Support
Telemedicine Initiatives
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WHY PROGRESS TO TELEMEDICNE?
[or if it works fine now…]
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The Rationale
Just-in-time Care Improved Quality Enhanced Efficiency Better Professional Communication Patient Satisfaction Enlarged Catchment Area Cost Savings?
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Culture – Medical &
Re-engineering practice Crossing referral lines Comfort with and understanding of Technology as
a Tool
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“REPORT CARD” OFTELEMEDICNE EFFECTIVENESS
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Report Card andThe Educational Model
Define Desired Outcomes Quality Improvement Reduced Costs Referring Provider Satisfaction Patient Satisfaction
Develop Evaluation to Assess Desired Outcomes
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Report Card andThe Educational Model
Disseminate Findings Select appropriate recipients Combine findings with marketing strategy
Be Willing to Modify Program as Necessary
Re-Evaluate Frequently
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EVALUATING TELEMEDICINE
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Need for Evaluation
Administrative Justification Sociological
Consulting and Referring Providers Patients
Political Public - CON Competitive Health Care Marketplace
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Types of Evaluation
Technology
Provider and Patient Satisfaction
Economic Issues
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Technology
Image vs. Use Store and Forward Human Interaction
Patient / Provider ConsultationPsychiatry; Orthopedics
Image QualityColor ReliabilityMovement Artifacts
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Technology
Reliability of Technology Connections
Ease and Reliability of ContactInterface Standards
Peripheral EquipmentQuality – Digital vs. DigitizedTransmission Protocols
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Provider Satisfaction
Referring Providers – assess: Comfort level with technology Comfort level with process Comfort level with patient communication Comfort level with consulting provider
interaction Unanticipated Benefits Unanticipated Problems
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Provider Satisfaction
Consulting Providers – assess: Comfort level with technology Comfort level with process Comfort level with patient communication? Comfort level with referring provider interaction Unanticipated Benefits Unanticipated Problems
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Patient Satisfaction
Patients Follow ImagesThe Value EquationHome is Where…
Comfort issues Environmental issues Economic issues
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Economic Analysis of Telemedicine
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4 Ways to Look at $$$
Managed Care Environment
Multi-Payer Environment
Alternative Savings [Training, Patients]
Cost-Plus in Captive Patient Populations
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??? QUESTIONS ???
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FUTURE DIRECTIONS
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TELEMEDICINE TRENDS
Migration to Internet Focus on home as site of care Development of biosensors and elimination
of role of physical location
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How are you most likely to use the Internet for health concerns?
62.1% Research an illness or disease62.1% Research an illness or disease 20.0% Look for nutrition and fitness information20.0% Look for nutrition and fitness information11.6% Research drugs and drug interactions11.6% Research drugs and drug interactions3.7% Look for a doctor or hospital3.7% Look for a doctor or hospital2.3% Look for online medical support groups2.3% Look for online medical support groups
July 10, 1998
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RATING HEALTH SUPPORT
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Attributes
Pe
rce
nt
Po
sit
ive
Re
sp
on
se
On-Line
Specialist
Primary Care
The Ferguson Report, Jan/Feb 1999
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INTERNET HEALTH
Health Information Administrative & Financial
EDI Medical E-Mail Online Health Records Pharmaceutical & Supply
Sales Online CME & Training
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Source: Industry Standard
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WHAT ABOUT MY MOTHER?
Afraid of unfamiliar technologyAfraid of unfamiliar technology Doesn’t type wellDoesn’t type well Limited budgetLimited budget No technical support availableNo technical support available Understands appliances Understands appliances (single purpose device)(single purpose device)
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WEB TV
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INTERNET APPLIANCE
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GRAY HAIR AND BLUETOOTH
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WHY THE HOME?
Health system trends Target of multiple
industries Fundamental change in
patient-provider relationship
Natural development of bandwidth, wireless technology
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HOW WILL PROVIDERS USE THE INTERNET?
Information Online Continuing Education Electronic Claims Submission Purchasing Prescribing Communicating with Patients
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Source: Industry Standard
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Source: Industry Standard
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DEAR DOCTOR…
Medical electronic mail will be the transforming application
Critical mass will change physician practice
Striking impact on reimbursement model
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THINKING BIG
Determine user requirements
Design prototype from known components
Test prototype at community level
Business planning and wide-scale roll-out
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YOU CAN TAKE IT WITH YOU
Wireless technologies GPS Micro-computers Nanotechnology Bio-sensors Convergence will mean
a health system that is always on
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TELEMEDICINE ON THE WEB
http://telemed.medicine.uiowa.edu/ (UI TRC) http://tie.telemed.org/ (Telemedicine Information
Exchange) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/telemedinit.html (NLM
National Telemedicine Initiative) http://www.tmgateway.org/ (Federal Telemedicine
Gateway) http://www.atsp.org/charter/charter.htm (ATSP) http://www.atmeda.org (ATA) ftp://nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov/bibs/cbm/telembib.txt (Biblio)
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SLIDES AVAILABLE
http://telemed.medicine.uiowa.edu