Tolo-e-aftab higher education

1th semester Bcs

1/2/1392

MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

Master Engineer: Sayed Mutahir “Samim”

C Programming

Content 1st chapter

Computer introduction

2nd chapter

Introduction of C language (programing )

3rd chapter

condition and loop

4th chapter

Arrays

5th chapter

Pointer

6th chapter

Loop statement

7th chapter

Functions

8th chapter

Programming concept

Introduction of computer

1ST CHAPTER

CONTENT What's computer ?

What's input ?

What's output>

What's memory ?

What's process ?

What's data ?

COMPUTERIts electronic machine which Accepts the data Process the data Store the data Show the output of the data

1. ACCEPT THE DATA (INPUT)

Keyboard

Mouse

Touch screen

Cd drive

Dvd drive

Micro phone

2. PROCESS THE DATA (BINARY)

Computer understand only one language that’s called binary language

Binary language

The language which convert all human language to machine language called binary language (0,1,0,1,0,1………)

3.STORE THE DATA (MEMORY)

Primary memory (RAM)

Secondary memory (hard desk )

Cash memory (processor )

4. SHOW THE OUTPUT OF THE DATA

Printer

Information

Screen

Loudspeaker

Data with process

DATA Text data & numeric data

Graphic data

Video and audio data

TEXT DATA & NUMERIC DATA

Numbering data

Character data

Floating data

Double

NUMBERING DATA

Binary Octal Decimal Hexadecimal

Programming

2ND CHAPTER

CONTENT

What's programming ?Types of programming .System software Language TranslatorSystem language

WHAT'S PROGRAMMING ?

It is that part of computer system which consist of program and techniques that are necessary to get the hardware to work.

We can see them but we can not touch them. And all computer programs are called software because they contain instructions.

We made software for computers because computer is a stupid device.

It can not work with out software

TYPES OF PROGRAMMING

Generally there are two types of software.

1. Application software.

2. System software.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE:

These are that software that is used to perform any specialized functions.

And these are the programs which are used for official user or for general purpose.

With out system software application software can not be installed.

Types Of Application Software:

There are two types of application software.

1. General purpose software or Application packages.

2. Special purpose software or customized packages .

1.1) GENERAL PURPOSE SOFTWARE:

General purpose software is that software which is used for general purpose.

General purpose software has enough features to accomplish a wide variety of tasks.

And they are easily available is the market. And any one can use it according to his necessary.

For example: Word, excel and games etc.

2.1) SPECIAL PURPOSE SOFTWARE

Special purpose software performs a very specific task and can not change or programmed to perform a different task.

It is specific for company, institution, organization and even for a person.

For example: Bank software etc.

2) SYSTEM SOFTWARE:

All the software used to operate and maintain computer systems are called system software.

With out system software, a computer is just an expensive hunk of junk. It works as computer administrator or as a class monitor.

Types of system software:

1. Operating system software.

2. Translators.

2.1) OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE:

• A set of program use to control and monitor over all activities of a system is called operating system software.

Function of operating system:

It provides interface or bridge between user and computer.

It is a heart of the system.

It manages hardware.

It manages software.

It manages memory.

It manages files. (For example save, open and edit etc).

2.2) LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR:

Translators translate the user’s software into language that the CPU can understand.

In other words language translators are system software that converts application software into a specific machine language.

TYPES OF TRANSLATOR:

Compiler.

Interpreter.

Assembler.

2.2.1) COMPILER: Compiler are used for high level languages like C, C++ and

Java etc.

compiler check a program as a hole and notify all errors and then convert all the instruction to machine language or Binary language.

And it is faster then the interpreter.

2.2.2) INTERPRETER: Interpreter is also used for high level languages like basic

language etc.

Interpreter check instructions step by step and then notify error other wise convert in to machine language or binary language.

2.2.3) ASSEMBLER: The translator program that translates an assembly codes

into the computer’s machine codes is called as assembler.

Assemblers are used for low level languages like Assemble language.

SYSTEM LANGUAGE

The computer understands only one language called machine language or binary language.

It consists of only ones and zeros. Zero is used for off and one is used for on.

By level there are two types of languages.

1. Low level language like Machine or Assembly language.

2. High level language like C, C++, Basic and Java etc.

TYPES OF LANGUAGE

Types of language are

1.Un-structure language.

2.Structure language.

3.Object oriented.

1) UN-STRUCTURED LANGUAGE:

These languages are called unstructured because they do not have control structure (if-else and switch etc) and loop techniques (for and while etc).

And they do not have functions.

For example:

SQL

HTML

2) STRUCTURED LANGUAGE

The languages that have control structure and that have loop techniques and functions are called structured language.

For example:

C

Basic

COBOL

FORTRAN etc.

3) OBJECT ORIENTED:

Object: It has Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation

and classes

For example:

C++

Java etc.

Master : Engineer Sayed Mutahir “Samim”

END OF THE LECTURE