TOF MS GC 8260...Octocrylene (UV filter) PCB 179 may be responsible. In this study, we investigate...
Transcript of TOF MS GC 8260...Octocrylene (UV filter) PCB 179 may be responsible. In this study, we investigate...
-
Mon
itorin
g w
ater
qua
lity
by p
assi
ve s
ampl
ing
and
GC
×GC
–TO
F M
S w
ith v
aria
ble-
ener
gy e
lect
ron
ioni
satio
nM
onito
ring
wat
er q
ualit
y by
pas
sive
sam
plin
g an
d G
C×G
C–T
OF
MS
with
var
iabl
e-en
ergy
ele
ctro
n io
nisa
tion
Mon
itorin
g w
ater
qua
lity
by p
assi
ve s
ampl
ing
and
GC
×GC
–TO
F M
S w
ith v
aria
ble-
ener
gy e
lect
ron
ioni
satio
nM
onito
ring
wat
er q
ualit
y by
pas
sive
sam
plin
g an
d G
C×G
C–T
OF
MS
with
var
iabl
e-en
ergy
ele
ctro
n io
nisa
tion
N. W
atso
n1, L
. McG
rego
r2, S
. Sm
ith2 ,
A. G
rave
ll3, P
. Kut
ty3 ,
I. A
llan4
, and
G.A
. Mill
s5N
. Wat
son1
, L. M
cGre
gor2
, S. S
mith
2 , A
. Gra
vell3
, P. K
utty
3 , I.
Alla
n4, a
nd G
.A. M
ills5
N. W
atso
n, L
. McG
rego
r, S
. Sm
ith, A
. Gra
vell
, P. K
utty
, I. A
llan
, and
G.A
. Mill
s1 M
arke
s In
tern
atio
nal I
nc.,
1112
6-D
Ken
woo
d R
oad,
Cin
cinn
ati,
Ohi
o 45
242,
US
A; 2
Mar
kes
Inte
rnat
iona
l, G
wau
nE
laiM
edi-S
cien
ce C
ampu
s, L
lant
risan
t, R
CT,
UK
; 3N
atio
nal R
esou
rces
Wal
es (N
RW
), Ll
anel
li, U
K; 4
Nor
weg
ian
Inst
itute
for W
ater
Res
earc
h (N
IVA
), 1 M
arke
s In
tern
atio
nal I
nc.,
1112
6-D
Ken
woo
d R
oad,
Cin
cinn
ati,
Ohi
o 45
242,
US
A; 2
Mar
kes
Inte
rnat
iona
l, G
wau
nE
laiM
edi-S
cien
ce C
ampu
s, L
lant
risan
t, R
CT,
UK
; 3N
atio
nal R
esou
rces
Wal
es (N
RW
), Ll
anel
li, U
K; 4
Nor
weg
ian
Inst
itute
for W
ater
Res
earc
h (N
IVA
), G
aust
adal
leen
21, O
slo,
Nor
way
; 5U
nive
rsity
of P
orts
mou
th, S
choo
l of P
harm
acy
and
Bio
med
ical
Sci
ence
s, P
orts
mou
th, U
K.
Gau
stad
alle
en21
, Osl
o, N
orw
ay; 5
Uni
vers
ity o
f Por
tsm
outh
, Sch
ool o
f Pha
rmac
y an
d B
iom
edic
al S
cien
ces,
Por
tsm
outh
, UK
.
Intr
oduc
tion
Ana
lysi
s of
bre
ast i
mpl
ants
Expe
rimen
tal
Pers
iste
nt o
rgan
ic p
ollu
tant
s (P
OPs
)In
trod
uctio
nA
naly
sis
of b
reas
t im
plan
tsEx
perim
enta
lPe
rsis
tent
org
anic
pol
luta
nts
(PO
Ps)
A nu
mbe
r of P
OP
s w
ere
dete
cted
in th
e Tw
o-di
men
sion
al g
as c
hrom
atog
raph
y w
ith ti
me-
of-fl
ight
mas
s sp
ectro
met
ry (G
C×G
C–T
OF
A B
ench
TOF-
Sel
ect™
tim
e-of
-flig
ht m
ass
spec
trom
eter
In
a s
econ
d st
udy,
sili
cone
bre
ast p
rost
hese
s ob
tain
ed fr
om p
atie
nts
over
a w
ide
age
rang
e A
num
ber o
f PO
Ps
wer
e de
tect
ed in
the
expl
ante
d br
east
pro
sthe
ses,
incl
udin
g nu
mer
ous
Two-
dim
ensi
onal
gas
chr
omat
ogra
phy
with
tim
e-of
-flig
ht m
ass
spec
trom
etry
(GC
×GC
–TO
F M
S) c
an p
rovi
de h
ighl
y se
nsiti
ve d
etec
tion
and
conf
iden
t mas
s sp
ectra
l ide
ntifi
catio
n of
A
Ben
chTO
F-S
elec
t™ ti
me-
of-fl
ight
mas
s sp
ectro
met
er
(Mar
kes
Inte
rnat
iona
l) w
as u
sed
for a
ll an
alys
es, i
n In
a s
econ
d st
udy,
sili
cone
bre
ast p
rost
hese
s ob
tain
ed fr
om p
atie
nts
over
a w
ide
age
rang
e w
ere
colle
cted
. Sili
cone
oils
in th
e pr
osth
esis
ext
ract
s w
ere
rem
oved
usi
ng th
e de
scrib
ed
expl
ante
d br
east
pro
sthe
ses,
incl
udin
g nu
mer
ous
PC
Bs
(Fig
ure
7), a
s w
ell a
s se
vera
l chl
orin
ated
Fi
gure
7:
MS
) can
pro
vide
hig
hly
sens
itive
det
ectio
n an
d co
nfid
ent m
ass
spec
tral i
dent
ifica
tion
of
pollu
tant
s w
ithin
com
plex
env
ironm
enta
l ext
ract
s. N
ever
thel
ess,
the
iden
tific
atio
n of
(M
arke
sIn
tern
atio
nal)
was
use
d fo
r all
anal
yses
, in
com
bina
tion
with
a G
C×G
C g
as c
hrom
atog
raph
(Agi
lent
w
ere
colle
cted
. Sili
cone
oils
in th
e pr
osth
esis
ext
ract
s w
ere
rem
oved
usi
ng th
e de
scrib
ed
mul
ti-st
ep e
xtra
ctio
n pr
oced
ure,
and
the
resu
ltant
ext
ract
s w
ere
anal
ysed
by
GC
×GC
–TO
F M
S
PC
Bs
(Fig
ure
7), a
s w
ell a
s se
vera
l chl
orin
ated
pe
stic
ides
, suc
h as
p,p
′-DD
E. A
n io
niza
tion
Figu
re 7
:G
C×G
C s
urfa
cepo
lluta
nts
with
in c
ompl
ex e
nviro
nmen
tal e
xtra
cts.
Nev
erth
eles
s, th
e id
entif
icat
ion
of
indi
vidu
al c
ompo
unds
may
be
hind
ered
by
wea
k m
olec
ular
ions
or w
hen
sim
ilar m
ass
com
bina
tion
with
a G
C×G
C g
as c
hrom
atog
raph
(Agi
lent
78
90 G
C w
ith Z
oex
ZX1
mod
ulat
or).
mul
ti-st
ep e
xtra
ctio
n pr
oced
ure,
and
the
resu
ltant
ext
ract
s w
ere
anal
ysed
by
GC
×GC
–TO
F M
S
with
Sel
ect-e
V.
pest
icid
es, s
uch
as p
,p′-D
DE.
An
ioni
zatio
nen
ergy
of 1
4 eV
ena
bled
gre
ater
sel
ectiv
ity fo
r
GC
×GC
sur
face
plot
sho
win
g a
rang
e of
PC
Bs
in a
n ex
plan
ted
brea
st
indi
vidu
al c
ompo
unds
may
be
hind
ered
by
wea
k m
olec
ular
ions
or w
hen
sim
ilar m
ass
spec
tral c
hara
cter
istic
s ar
e ev
iden
t acr
oss
entir
e ch
emic
al c
lass
es. S
elec
t-eV
ion
sour
ce
7890
GC
with
Zoe
x ZX
1 m
odul
ator
). w
ith S
elec
t-eV.
en
ergy
of 1
4 eV
ena
bled
gre
ater
sel
ectiv
ity fo
r su
ch c
ompo
unds
by
redu
cing
spe
ctra
l P
CB
s in
an
expl
ante
d br
east
pr
osth
esis
ext
ract
(sum
med
EIC
m/z
sp
ectra
l cha
ract
eris
tics
are
evid
ent a
cros
s en
tire
chem
ical
cla
sses
. Sel
ect-e
V io
n so
urce
te
chno
logy
aim
s to
com
bat t
his
prob
lem
by
allo
win
g bo
th h
ard
and
soft
elec
tron
ioni
zatio
n In
ject
ion:
PTV
inle
t spl
itles
s m
ode.
Inle
t tem
pera
ture
Th
e an
alys
ed e
xtra
cts
wer
e ex
trem
ely
com
plex
(Fig
ure
5), a
nd c
onta
ined
a ra
nge
of
such
com
poun
ds b
y re
duci
ng s
pect
ral
fragm
enta
tion
(Fig
ure
8).
pros
thes
is e
xtra
ct (s
umm
ed E
IC m
/z
[256
+ 2
92 +
326
+ 3
60 +
394
+ 4
30]).
te
chno
logy
aim
s to
com
bat t
his
prob
lem
by
allo
win
g bo
th h
ard
and
soft
elec
tron
ioni
zatio
n w
ith n
o in
here
nt lo
ss in
sen
sitiv
ity.
Inje
ctio
n: P
TV in
let s
plitl
ess
mod
e. In
let t
empe
ratu
re
250°
C (h
old
1.2
min
), 72
0°C
/min
to 3
00°C
.Th
e an
alys
ed e
xtra
cts
wer
e ex
trem
ely
com
plex
(Fig
ure
5), a
nd c
onta
ined
a ra
nge
of
com
poun
d ty
pes,
incl
udin
g ph
arm
aceu
tical
s, h
orm
ones
and
per
sist
ent o
rgan
ic p
ollu
tant
s (P
OPs
).fra
gmen
tatio
n (F
igur
e 8)
. [2
56 +
292
+ 3
26 +
360
+ 3
94 +
430
]).
with
no
inhe
rent
loss
in s
ensi
tivity
.25
0°C
(hol
d 1.
2 m
in),
720°
C/m
in to
300
°C.
com
poun
d ty
pes,
incl
udin
g ph
arm
aceu
tical
s, h
orm
ones
and
per
sist
ent o
rgan
ic p
ollu
tant
s (P
OPs
).
The
rout
ine
mon
itorin
g of
wat
er q
ualit
y is
now
a re
quire
men
t of e
nviro
nmen
tal l
egis
latio
n,
GC
×GC
:Col
umn
set:
BP
X5
(30
m ×
250
µm ×
0.25
µm
) 70
eV
70 e
VTh
e ro
utin
e m
onito
ring
of w
ater
qua
lity
is n
ow a
requ
irem
ent o
f env
ironm
enta
l leg
isla
tion,
su
ch a
s th
e E
U’s
Wat
er F
ram
ewor
k D
irect
ive.
Ofte
n th
e ca
use
of p
oor w
ater
qua
lity
is
GC
×GC
:Col
umn
set:
BP
X5
(30
m ×
250
µm ×
0.25
µm
) an
d B
PX
50 (3
m ×
100
µm ×
0.10
µm
). O
ven:
65°
C fo
r P
CB
sA
mga
rd T
CM
P (fl
ame
reta
rdan
t)70
eV
70 e
Vp,
p′-D
DE
such
as
the
EU
’s W
ater
Fra
mew
ork
Dire
ctiv
e. O
ften
the
caus
e of
poo
r wat
er q
ualit
y is
un
know
n, a
nd e
xten
sive
inve
stig
ativ
e m
onito
ring
is n
eede
d to
det
erm
ine
wha
t che
mic
al
and
BP
X50
(3 m
×10
0 µm
×0.
10 µ
m).
Ove
n: 6
5°C
for
2.0
min
, the
n 5°
C/m
in to
315
°C
(hol
d 5
min
). N
o Fi
gure
3:B
ench
TOF-
Sel
ect
PC
Bs
Pha
rmac
eutic
als
Am
gard
TC
MP
(flam
e re
tard
ant)
Oct
ocry
lene
(UV
filte
r)p,
p′-D
DE
PC
B 1
79un
know
n, a
nd e
xten
sive
inve
stig
ativ
e m
onito
ring
is n
eede
d to
det
erm
ine
wha
t che
mic
al
may
be
resp
onsi
ble.
In th
is s
tudy
, we
inve
stig
ate
the
para
llel b
etw
een
pass
ive
sam
plin
g
2.0
min
, the
n 5°
C/m
in to
315
°C
(hol
d 5
min
). N
o se
cond
ary
oven
offs
et. M
odul
atio
n tim
e: 4
s. H
ot-je
t Fi
gure
3:B
ench
TOF-
Sel
ect
with
GC
×GC
.P
harm
aceu
tical
s C
hlor
o-pe
stic
ides
Oct
ocry
lene
(UV
filte
r)Te
trabr
omob
enze
nem
ay b
e re
spon
sibl
e. In
this
stu
dy, w
e in
vest
igat
e th
e pa
ralle
l bet
wee
n pa
ssiv
e sa
mpl
ing
devi
ces
in ri
ver c
ours
es a
nd s
ilico
n pr
osth
eses
in th
e hu
man
bod
y fo
r the
con
cent
ratio
n of
seco
ndar
y ov
en o
ffset
. Mod
ulat
ion
time:
4 s
. Hot
-jet
puls
e: 3
50 m
s.C
hlor
o-pe
stic
ides
Tetra
brom
oben
zene
devi
ces
in ri
ver c
ours
es a
nd s
ilico
n pr
osth
eses
in th
e hu
man
bod
y fo
r the
con
cent
ratio
n of
en
viro
nmen
tal c
onta
min
ants
. Thi
s no
vel a
ppro
ach
aim
s to
bet
ter e
stim
ate
the
over
all b
ody
puls
e: 3
50 m
s.B
ench
TOF-
Sele
ct: 5
0 H
z; m
ass
rang
e: m
/z 4
0–50
0; io
n so
urce
: 250
°C; t
rans
fer l
ine:
300
°C.
envi
ronm
enta
l con
tam
inan
ts. T
his
nove
l app
roac
h ai
ms
to b
ette
r est
imat
e th
e ov
eral
l bod
y bu
rden
of b
io-a
ccum
ulat
ive
subs
tanc
es a
nd h
ow th
is c
hang
es o
ver t
ime
of e
xpos
ure.
Ben
chTO
F-Se
lect
: 50
Hz;
mas
s ra
nge:
m/z
40–
500;
ion
sour
ce: 2
50°C
; tra
nsfe
r lin
e: 3
00°C
.bu
rden
of b
io-a
ccum
ulat
ive
subs
tanc
es a
nd h
ow th
is c
hang
es o
ver t
ime
of e
xpos
ure.
This
pos
ter s
how
s th
e su
itabi
lity
of th
is a
naly
tical
pla
tform
for e
nviro
nmen
tal i
nves
tigat
ions
, A
naly
sis
of c
onta
min
ated
rive
r wat
er14
eV
14 e
VTh
is p
oste
r sho
ws
the
suita
bilit
y of
this
ana
lytic
al p
latfo
rm fo
r env
ironm
enta
l inv
estig
atio
ns,
usin
g bo
th ta
rget
-focu
sed
stud
ies
as w
ell a
s no
n-ta
rget
ed ro
utin
es fo
r scr
eeni
ng fo
r the
A
naly
sis
of c
onta
min
ated
rive
r wat
er14
eV
usin
g bo
th ta
rget
-focu
sed
stud
ies
as w
ell a
s no
n-ta
rget
ed ro
utin
es fo
r scr
eeni
ng fo
r the
pr
esen
ce o
f em
ergi
ng c
onta
min
ants
in tw
o co
mpl
ex m
atric
es.
pres
ence
of e
mer
ging
con
tam
inan
ts in
two
com
plex
mat
rices
.In
itial
stu
dies
focu
sed
on th
e an
alys
is o
f env
ironm
enta
l con
tam
inan
ts in
a U
K ri
ver u
sing
an
Initi
al s
tudi
es fo
cuse
d on
the
anal
ysis
of e
nviro
nmen
tal c
onta
min
ants
in a
UK
rive
r usi
ng a
n S
PM
D e
xtra
ct ru
n at
var
ious
ioni
zatio
n en
ergi
es. I
t was
dis
cove
red
that
, for
the
maj
ority
of
Sam
ple
prep
arat
ion
SP
MD
ext
ract
run
at v
ario
us io
niza
tion
ener
gies
. It w
as d
isco
vere
d th
at, f
or th
e m
ajor
ity o
f co
mpo
unds
, opt
imal
sen
sitiv
ity w
as a
chie
ved
at 1
2–14
eV.
In th
e ex
ampl
e sh
own
in F
igur
e Sa
mpl
e pr
epar
atio
nco
mpo
unds
, opt
imal
sen
sitiv
ity w
as a
chie
ved
at 1
2–14
eV.
In th
e ex
ampl
e sh
own
in F
igur
e 4,
the
mas
s sp
ectru
m fo
r gal
axol
ide
(a p
olyc
yclic
mus
k co
mm
only
foun
d in
cos
met
ics)
4,
the
mas
s sp
ectru
m fo
r gal
axol
ide
(a p
olyc
yclic
mus
k co
mm
only
foun
d in
cos
met
ics)
ch
ange
s si
gnifi
cant
ly w
ith io
niza
tion
ener
gy.
Figu
re 8
:Mas
s sp
ectra
for t
wo
PO
Ps,
acq
uire
d at
70
eV a
nd 1
4 eV
usi
ng S
elec
t-eV.
Pas
sive
sam
plin
g de
vice
s (e
.g.s
emi-p
erm
eabl
e m
embr
ane
chan
ges
sign
ifica
ntly
with
ioni
zatio
n en
ergy
. Fi
gure
8:M
ass
spec
tra fo
r tw
o P
OP
s, a
cqui
red
at 7
0 eV
and
14
eV u
sing
Sel
ect-e
V.P
assi
ve s
ampl
ing
devi
ces
(e.g
.sem
i-per
mea
ble
mem
bran
e de
vice
s (S
PM
Ds)
, LD
PE
and
sili
cone
rubb
er) a
re o
ften
used
for
Sel
ect-e
V p
rovi
des
enha
nced
mol
ecul
ar io
ns w
hils
t ret
aini
ng s
truct
ural
ly-s
igni
fican
t Th
e G
C×G
C p
lot o
f the
con
trol e
xtra
ct p
repa
red
usin
g de
vice
s (S
PM
Ds)
, LD
PE
and
sili
cone
rubb
er) a
re o
ften
used
for
mon
itorin
g w
ater
qua
lity.
The
sam
pler
s w
ere
depl
oyed
for
Sel
ect-e
V p
rovi
des
enha
nced
mol
ecul
ar io
ns w
hils
t ret
aini
ng s
truct
ural
ly-s
igni
fican
t fra
gmen
t ion
s, d
eliv
erin
g bo
th c
onfid
ent c
ompo
und
iden
tific
atio
n an
d in
crea
sed
sele
ctiv
ity.
The
GC
×GC
plo
t of t
he c
ontro
l ext
ract
pre
pare
d us
ing
a ne
w p
rost
hesi
s w
as s
urpr
isin
gly
com
plex
(Fig
ure
9),
mon
itorin
g w
ater
qua
lity.
The
sam
pler
s w
ere
depl
oyed
for
seve
ral w
eeks
in a
pol
lute
d riv
er c
ours
e in
the
UK
to e
ffect
ivel
y fra
gmen
t ion
s, d
eliv
erin
g bo
th c
onfid
ent c
ompo
und
iden
tific
atio
n an
d in
crea
sed
sele
ctiv
ity.
a ne
w p
rost
hesi
s w
as s
urpr
isin
gly
com
plex
(Fig
ure
9),
seve
ral w
eeks
in a
pol
lute
d riv
er c
ours
e in
the
UK
to e
ffect
ivel
y se
ques
ter l
arge
vol
umes
of w
ater
and
pro
vide
a c
once
ntra
ted,
co
ntai
ning
alip
hatic
com
poun
dsan
d nu
mer
ous
PAH
s se
ques
ter l
arge
vol
umes
of w
ater
and
pro
vide
a c
once
ntra
ted,
re
pres
enta
tive
extra
ct fo
r ana
lysi
s by
GC
×GC
–TO
F M
S.
Gal
axol
ide
Figu
re 5
:GC
×GC
–TO
F M
S c
onto
ur p
lot o
f an
expl
ante
d si
licon
bre
ast p
rost
hesi
s ex
tract
.co
ntai
ning
alip
hatic
com
poun
dsan
d nu
mer
ous
PAH
s (b
ut n
one
of th
e P
OP
s or
pha
rmac
eutic
als
dete
cted
vs
.re
pres
enta
tive
extra
ct fo
r ana
lysi
s by
GC
×GC
–TO
F M
S.
Pas
sive
sam
pler
s en
able
min
imal
sam
ple
prep
arat
ion,
this
70
eV
Figu
re 4
:GC
×GC
–TO
F G
alax
olid
eFi
gure
5:G
C×G
C–T
OF
MS
con
tour
plo
t of a
n ex
plan
ted
silic
on b
reas
t pro
sthe
sis
extra
ct.
(but
non
e of
the
PO
Ps
or p
harm
aceu
tical
s de
tect
ed
earli
er).
A po
ssib
le e
xpla
natio
n fo
r thi
s is
that
the
vs.
Pas
sive
sam
pler
s en
able
min
imal
sam
ple
prep
arat
ion,
this
m
inim
isin
g th
e lo
ss o
f pos
sibl
e co
mpo
unds
of i
nter
est.
Full
70 e
VFi
gure
4:G
C×G
C–T
OF
MS
con
tour
plo
t of a
ea
rlier
). A
poss
ible
exp
lana
tion
for t
his
is th
at th
e pr
osth
esis
is s
ampl
ing
chem
ical
s fro
m th
e ai
r, m
inim
isin
g th
e lo
ss o
f pos
sibl
e co
mpo
unds
of i
nter
est.
Full
expe
rimen
tal d
etai
ls fo
r the
col
lect
ion
and
prep
arat
ion
of w
ater
riv
er e
xtra
ct (l
eft)
and
the
trans
ition
in m
ass
Phar
mac
eutic
als
pros
thes
is is
sam
plin
g ch
emic
als
from
the
air,
indi
catin
g th
at s
tora
ge c
ondi
tions
sho
uld
be ri
goro
usly
expe
rimen
tal d
etai
ls fo
r the
col
lect
ion
and
prep
arat
ion
of w
ater
sa
mpl
es h
ave
prev
ious
ly b
een
repo
rted.
1th
e tra
nsiti
on in
mas
s sp
ectra
l fra
gmen
tatio
n
Phar
mac
eutic
als
Lido
cain
e (a
com
mon
pai
nkill
er) a
nd P
ropo
fol(
an a
nalg
esic
) wer
e de
tect
ed in
one
of t
he
indi
catin
g th
at s
tora
ge c
ondi
tions
sho
uld
be ri
goro
usly
cont
rolle
d in
futu
re s
tudi
es.
Figu
re 9
:GC
×GC
–TO
F M
S c
onto
ur
sam
ples
hav
e pr
evio
usly
bee
n re
porte
d.1
spec
tral f
ragm
enta
tion
patte
rn w
ith io
niza
tion
Lido
cain
e (a
com
mon
pai
nkill
er) a
nd P
ropo
fol(
an a
nalg
esic
) wer
e de
tect
ed in
one
of t
he
cont
rolle
d in
futu
re s
tudi
es.
Figu
re 9
:GC
×GC
–TO
F M
S c
onto
ur
plot
of a
new
pro
sthe
sis
extra
ct.
Thre
e re
mov
ed im
plan
t sam
ples
(as
wel
l as
a ne
w p
rost
hesi
spa
ttern
with
ioni
zatio
n en
ergy
(rig
ht).
pros
thes
is e
xtra
cts.
Sel
ect-e
Vio
niza
tion
(14
eV) i
mpr
oved
the
abso
lute
abu
ndan
ce o
f the
pl
ot o
f a n
ew p
rost
hesi
s ex
tract
.
Con
clus
ions
Thre
e re
mov
ed im
plan
t sam
ples
(as
wel
l as
a ne
w p
rost
hesi
sas
the
cont
rol b
lank
) wer
e ex
tract
ed th
roug
h M
eOH
–wat
er
14 e
V
ener
gy (r
ight
). pr
osth
esis
ext
ract
s. S
elec
t-eV
ioni
zatio
n (1
4 eV
) im
prov
ed th
e ab
solu
te a
bund
ance
of t
he
mol
ecul
ar io
n in
bot
h ca
ses,
lead
ing
to im
prov
ed li
mits
of d
etec
tion
(Fig
ure
6).
Con
clus
ions
as th
e co
ntro
l bla
nk) w
ere
extra
cted
thro
ugh
MeO
H–w
ater
(8
0:20
v/v
;300
–400
mL)
into
cyc
lohe
xane
in 2
L b
eake
rs
14 e
Vm
olec
ular
ion
in b
oth
case
s, le
adin
g to
impr
oved
lim
its o
f det
ectio
n (F
igur
e 6)
. C
oncl
usio
ns(8
0:20
v/v
;300
–400
mL)
into
cyc
lohe
xane
in 2
L b
eake
rs
(Fig
ure
2). E
xtra
ctio
n us
ing
200–
300
mL
cycl
ohex
ane
was
P
ropo
fol
Figu
re 1
:Sem
i-per
mea
ble
(Fig
ure
2). E
xtra
ctio
n us
ing
200–
300
mL
cycl
ohex
ane
was
re
peat
ed tw
ice
over
the
cour
se o
f a w
eek.
The
cyc
lohe
xane
Li
doca
ine
70 e
VP
ropo
fol
70 e
VW
e ha
ve s
how
n in
this
pos
ter t
hat G
C×G
C–T
OF
MS
is a
n id
eal c
hoic
e fo
r the
ana
lysi
s of
Fi
gure
1:S
emi-p
erm
eabl
e m
embr
ane
devi
ce (S
PM
D,
repe
ated
twic
e ov
er th
e co
urse
of a
wee
k. T
he c
yclo
hexa
ne
phas
es w
ere
then
com
bine
d an
d
Lido
cain
e70
eV
M+·
= 26
,177
70 e
VW
e ha
ve s
how
n in
this
pos
ter t
hat G
C×G
C–T
OF
MS
is a
n id
eal c
hoic
e fo
r the
ana
lysi
s of
co
mpl
ex e
xtra
cts
from
bre
ast i
mpl
ants
, and
that
Sel
ect-e
V g
reat
ly im
prov
es s
cree
ning
m
embr
ane
devi
ce (S
PM
D,
top)
and
exp
lant
ed s
ilico
n ph
ases
wer
e th
en c
ombi
ned
and
redu
ced
to 2
mL
and
spik
ed w
ithM
+·=
26,1
77co
unts
co
mpl
ex e
xtra
cts
from
bre
ast i
mpl
ants
, and
that
Sel
ect-e
V g
reat
ly im
prov
es s
cree
ning
ca
pabi
litie
s, b
y si
mpl
ifyin
g ta
rget
ed s
pect
ra a
nd in
crea
sing
bot
h se
nsiti
vity
and
sel
ectiv
ity.
top)
and
exp
lant
ed s
ilico
n br
east
pro
sthe
sis
(bot
tom
).re
duce
d to
2 m
Lan
d sp
iked
with
coun
ts
capa
bilit
ies,
by
sim
plify
ing
targ
eted
spe
ctra
and
incr
easi
ng b
oth
sens
itivi
ty a
nd s
elec
tivity
.an
inte
rnal
sta
ndar
d m
ix (1
00 n
g12
eV
In a
dditi
on, w
e ha
ve id
entif
ied
this
app
roac
h as
a s
tep
tow
ards
ach
ievi
ng b
ette
r und
erst
andi
ngan
inte
rnal
sta
ndar
d m
ix (1
00 n
gof
CB
-30,
CB
-53
and
CB
-204
).12
eV
In a
dditi
on, w
e ha
ve id
entif
ied
this
app
roac
h as
a s
tep
tow
ards
ach
ievi
ng b
ette
r und
erst
andi
ngof
the
over
all b
ody
burd
en o
f bio
-acc
umul
ativ
e su
bsta
nces
, and
how
this
cha
nges
with
tim
e.of
CB
-30,
CB
-53
and
CB
-204
).C
yclo
hexa
neFo
r thi
s st
udy,
a 0
.5 m
L al
iquo
t was
exc
hang
ed to
met
hano
l 14
eV
of th
e ov
eral
l bod
y bu
rden
of b
io-a
ccum
ulat
ive
subs
tanc
es, a
nd h
ow th
is c
hang
es w
ith ti
me.
Futu
re s
tudi
es w
ill fo
cus
on q
uant
itativ
e ex
tract
ion
of ta
rget
s fro
m th
e im
plan
t sam
ples
, M
eOH
–wat
erC
yclo
hexa
neFo
r thi
s st
udy,
a 0
.5 m
L al
iquo
t was
exc
hang
ed to
met
hano
l an
d di
lute
d w
ith w
ater
. Com
poun
ds w
ere
then
pic
ked-
up
14 e
V14
eV
Futu
re s
tudi
es w
ill fo
cus
on q
uant
itativ
e ex
tract
ion
of ta
rget
s fro
m th
e im
plan
t sam
ples
, to
bet
ter g
auge
thei
r hea
lth im
pact
s an
d al
low
leve
ls in
the
body
and
env
ironm
enta
l M
eOH
–wat
eran
d di
lute
d w
ith w
ater
. Com
poun
ds w
ere
then
pic
ked-
up
with
cle
an s
ilico
ne ru
bber
(Alte
Sil,
2–4
g).
The
silic
one
M+·
= 71
,206
coun
ts
14 e
Vto
bet
ter g
auge
thei
r hea
lth im
pact
s an
d al
low
leve
ls in
the
body
and
env
ironm
enta
l m
atric
es (e
.g.d
rinki
ng w
ater
) to
be c
ompa
red.
Pro
sthe
sis
with
cle
an s
ilico
ne ru
bber
(Alte
Sil,
2–4
g).
The
silic
one
coun
ts
mat
rices
(e.g
.drin
king
wat
er) t
o be
com
pare
d.P
rost
hesi
sw
ith c
lean
sili
cone
rubb
er (A
lteS
il, 2
–4 g
). Th
e si
licon
e ru
bber
was
then
ext
ract
ed w
ith c
yclo
hexa
ne a
nd re
duce
d.10
eV
rubb
er w
as th
en e
xtra
cted
with
cyc
lohe
xane
and
redu
ced.
Ack
now
ledg
emen
tFi
gure
2:E
xtra
ctio
n of
1
A. G
rave
ll et
al.,
GC
×GC
–TO
F M
S c
ompl
emen
ts p
assi
ve s
ampl
ing
Ack
now
ledg
emen
tFi
gure
2:E
xtra
ctio
n of
co
mpo
unds
of i
nter
est f
rom
a
1A
. Gra
vell
et a
l., G
C×G
C–T
OF
MS
com
plem
ents
pas
sive
sam
plin
g fo
r the
scr
eeni
ng o
f pol
luta
nts
in w
ater
, LC
GC
: Cur
rent
Tre
nds
in
Figu
re 6
:Mas
s sp
ectra
for t
wo
phar
mac
eutic
als,
acq
uire
d at
70
eV a
nd 1
4 eV
usi
ng S
elec
t-eV.
The
auth
ors
kind
ly a
ckno
wle
dge
the
wor
k of
pla
stic
sur
geon
Hel
ge E
. Roa
ld (C
olos
seum
silic
on b
reas
t pro
sthe
sis.
for t
he s
cree
ning
of p
ollu
tant
s in
wat
er, L
CG
C: C
urre
nt T
rend
s in
M
ass
Spe
ctro
met
ry, M
arch
201
3, p
p. 8
–14.
Figu
re 6
:Mas
s sp
ectra
for t
wo
phar
mac
eutic
als,
acq
uire
d at
70
eV a
nd 1
4 eV
usi
ng S
elec
t-eV.
The
auth
ors
kind
ly a
ckno
wle
dge
the
wor
k of
pla
stic
sur
geon
Hel
ge E
. Roa
ld (C
olos
seum
Clin
ic, O
slo,
Nor
way
) for
pro
vidi
ng th
e pr
osth
eses
use
d in
this
stu
dy.
Mas
s S
pect
rom
etry
, Mar
ch 2
013,
pp.
8–1
4.C
linic
, Osl
o, N
orw
ay) f
or p
rovi
ding
the
pros
thes
es u
sed
in th
is s
tudy
.
Mar
kes
Inte
rnat
iona
lM
arke
sIn
tern
atio
nal
Mar
kes
Inte
rnat
iona
lT:
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e) F
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arke
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